University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Diliman, Quezon City
EDUC 100: Philippine Educational System
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Worksheet # 3
Studies on the Educational System
Name: Ethan Richard F. Lee Student Number:202001621
Section: EDUC 100 WFU-1 Date: Jan. 13, 2023
Instruction
Identify one key finding from each of the given surveys/assessments/studies on Philippine Educational
System and explain its relevance to our current educational set up.
Survey Key Finding Relevance
Before Independence
One key finding of the The need for better trained teachers, a more
Monroe survey on comprehensive curriculum, more books and
Philippine education materials for students, better facilities and
conducted in 1925 was equipment, and other improvements are still
that there was a need present. Additionally, the survey highlighted the
for better trained need for more equitable access to education for
teachers and a more all Filipino students. This is still an issue today, as
comprehensive access to quality education is often limited by
curriculum. The survey poverty, location, and other socioeconomic
A. Monroe Survey concluded that most factors.
teachers in the country
lacked the necessary
qualifications and skills
to adequately teach,
and that the curriculum
was outdated and did
not cover a wide range
of topics. Additionally,
the survey reported
that there was a need
for more books and
materials for students,
as well as better
facilities and
equipment.
One key finding of the The current educational system in the Philippines
Commonwealth survey has improved significantly since 1936, but there
of Philippine education are still disparities in educational attainment. The
done in 1936 was that Philippine government has invested in improving
there was a lack of access to education, infrastructure, and resources,
B. Commonwealth educational and has seen increases in literacy and enrollment
infrastructure and rates. However, there are still disparities in
resources, with only a educational attainment between rural and urban
small percentage of the areas, as well as between different socio-
population receiving economic classes.
any sort of education.
After Independence
The UNESCO study This finding is still relevant to the current
found that, in 1949, the Philippine educational set up as the country still
Philippines had an faces a high rate of illiteracy. Despite some
elementary school improvements, the system is still underfunded,
enrollment rate of 59%, the curricula are outdated and inadequate, and
A. UNESCO
a secondary school there is still a shortage of qualified teachers. These
enrollment rate of only factors contribute to the lack of access to quality
3%, and an illiteracy education, resulting in a continued high level of
rate of 75%. illiteracy and a large number of students who are
unable to access secondary education.
One key finding of the These findings are relevant in the current
Swanson survey on Philippine educational set up because they show
Philippine education that the educational system has made great
done in 1960 was that strides in improving access and quality of
the literacy rate among education. The literacy rate among Filipinos aged
Filipinos aged 15 and 15 and above has increased to 95.6%, and the
above was only 48.7%. percentage of Filipinos aged 15 and above
Another key finding was completing primary school has increased to 78.3%.
B. Swanson
that only 25.4% of The percentage of Filipinos aged 15 and above
Filipinos aged 15 and completing secondary school has also increased to
above had completed 27.5%.
primary school. Lastly,
only 1.2% of Filipinos
aged 15 and above had
completed secondary
school.
One key finding of the This finding is still relevant today, as the lack of
C. PCSPE PCSPE survey on access to formal education remains an issue in the
Philippine education Philippines. According to UNESCO, the Philippines
done in 1970 is that recently had an estimated 9.7 million out-of-
only 25% of the school youth aged 6–24, representing 23% of the
population aged 7 to 24 total population of the same age group. This
had access to formal indicates that there is still a need to improve
education. access to formal education in the Philippines.
Marcos Years
One important finding Despite improvements in educational attainment,
of the SOUTELE survey there is still a large disparity between the quality
on Philippine education of education received by Filipino students in urban
done in 1975 was that and rural areas. Additionally, the language barrier
the majority of Filipino is still present in many schools, making it difficult
students were not for students to become proficient in their mother
receiving a quality tongue. Finally, recent reports have highlighted
education. The survey the large number of Filipino students who are
found that only 34 unable to access quality education due to poverty
percent of primary and other economic factors.
school students were
able to read and write,
while only 5 percent of
A. SOUTELE
secondary school
students were able to
read and write at the
expected level.
Additionally, the survey
found that the majority
of Filipino students
received instruction in a
language other than
their mother tongue,
which was a major
contributor to low
educational attainment.
After EDSA
The most important The information from the EDCOM Survey on
finding of the EDCOM Philippine Education done in 1991 is still relevant
Survey on Philippine in the current educational set up in the Philippines
Education done in 1991 because it highlights the gender disparity in
is that only 35.8% of the educational attainment. Although progress has
A. EDCOM population had been made in providing access to education, the
completed primary gender gap in educational attainment remains a
education, with challenge. According to the National Statistical
completion rates for Coordination Board (2020), the Gross Enrolment
females significantly Ratio (GER) for elementary education in the
lower than males Philippines is 102.8% for males, and 101.9% for
(30.9% vs. 40.3%) females. This suggests that there is still a gap in
(National Statistical educational attainment between males and
Coordination Board, females in the Philippines.
1991).
One unique finding of This information is still highly relevant in the
the PCER survey was current educational set up in the Philippines
that an average of only because there is still an issue with inadequate
5.5 hours a week was instructional time in basic education. This has
spent on instruction in been exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, as
B. PCER basic education, with the shift to online learning has led to even less
the majority of the time time spent on instruction and more time spent on
spent on non- administrative tasks. The findings of the PCER
instructional activities survey highlight the need for more instructional
such as cleaning, paper time in order to ensure that Philippine students
work, and meetings. receive the best education possible.
2000’s
One key finding of the The quality of basic education, access to quality
EFA assessment was education, and equity in education remain areas
that the Philippines still of concern. The current COVID-19 pandemic has
needs to invest further highlighted the need for the Philippine
significantly in government to invest in education as the
education in order to pandemic has caused a disruption in the schooling
achieve the EFA goals. of millions of children, leaving them at risk of not
Despite the national being able to achieve their educational goals. The
A. EFA government’s increased government has taken measures to mitigate the
spending on education, impact of COVID-19 on education, but more needs
the assessment found to be done.
that the quality of basic
education, access to
quality education, and
equity in education
remain significantly
below the EFA goals.
One key finding of the This information is still relevant in the current
BEAM assessment was educational set up in the Philippines because it
that the Philippine highlights the need for educational reform,
education system is specifically in Mindanao. The BEAM assessment
characterized by a large found that children from the poorest households
gap between the in Mindanao are not receiving the same
B. BEAM educational educational opportunities and achievements as
opportunities and children from wealthier households. This gap is
achievements of still present in the current educational system, and
children from the is further exacerbated by the digital divide, lack of
poorest and wealthiest access to quality education, and the ongoing
households. This gap conflict in the region. As such, educational reform
was found to be is needed in order to address and reduce this gap,
particularly pronounced and ensure that all children in the Philippines have
in Mindanao, the access to quality education.
poorest region in the
Philippines.
The STRIVE study in the The findings of the STRIVE study are still relevant
Philippines, conducted to the current educational setup in the Philippines.
by the Australian The study highlighted the importance of investing
Council for Educational in teacher training and support, improving
Research, found that infrastructure, and providing access to educational
increased investment in resources in order to improve student learning
teacher training and and performance. These issues remain prevalent
support, as well as in the Philippines today, and addressing them is
improved access to essential for improving student learning and
educational resources, performance. Additionally, the study's findings
had a positive impact regarding the positive effects of value-added
on student learning and education, such as extracurricular activities, are
performance. still relevant to the current educational setup in
Specifically, the study the Philippines. Extracurricular activities can
found that student provide students with valuable life skills, such as
scores in literacy and teamwork and collaboration, that can be
numeracy tests beneficial for their academic performance and
improved when future success.
teachers received
professional
development, when
schools had better
C. STRIVE
infrastructure, and
when schools had
better access to
educational resources.
The study also found
that value-added
education, such as
extracurricular
activities, had a positive
impact on student
learning and
performance. These
findings demonstrate
the need for increased
investment and support
for teachers, improved
infrastructure and
access to resources, and
value-added education
in order to improve
student learning and
performance in the
Philippines (Australian
Council for Educational
Research, 2017).
One key statistical The information is still relevant in the current
finding of the BESRA in educational set-up in the Philippines because it is
the Philippines is the an indication that the BESRA initiatives have been
number of out-of- successful in improving access to basic education
school children in the country. This success can be used as an
decreased from 3.9 example for other countries, and should serve as
D. BESRA million in 2000 to 2.4 an inspiration for the Philippines to continue
million in 2012. This advocating for increased access to quality basic
indicates an overall education for all.
improvement in access
to basic education in
the country, as a result
of the BESRA initiatives.
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