Guide to the CADRE Profiler samples

INTRODUCTION
The three main elements to the CADRE Profiler documentation and tutorial are the
• CADRE PROFILER USER MANUAL
• HELP AND THE “GETTING STARTED” TUTORIAL IN HELP
• THE DOCUMENTED SAMPLE PROFILES
The sample models are supplied and installed with CADRE Profiler. Each sample has a Notes page available from
Edit/Notes or by clicking on the file name on the menu bar. This is the same notes page you can use to document
the section profiles for your own projects.
These sample profiles provide the main benchmark validation and confirmation for CADRE Profiler in that many of
the samples are simple enough to be solved by classical techniques and these classical solutions are also provided.
This guide to the sample profiles presents each profile supplied with CADRE Profiler along with the information on the
notes page. In most cases the information here is identical. In a few cases, additional information such as diagrams
and pictures are provided herein.
In some cases, the models provided are the same the ones developed by the Help, “Getting started” exercises. In
those cases, only an abbreviated discussion is provided in the notes page and the reader is referred to the exercise
in Help.
In other cases, the models are described in greater detail to illustrate methods and techniques.
The files are listed here in simple alphabetical order (NOT from simple to complex).

SAMPLE SECTION FILES

AIRFOIL.PF2
Airfoil section created using the Insert Bezier and Copy parallel features
This is a streamlined section, possibly an extrusion used for an airplane lifting strut or an antenna support. The
purpose is to illustrate the uses of the Insert Bezier and Copy selection to parallel offset features to create custom
tubular cross sections.

This symmetric airfoil shape can be made with two opposing quadratic Bezier curves
Point editor mode
Set Bezier end points at
0, 0 and 6, 0
Set one Bezier guide point 0, 2
Line editor mode
Select (0, 0), then (6, 0), then (0, 2) in that order
Right click, choose Insert Bezier
Use 16 segments, foreground

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Set another Bezier guide point 0, -2
Line editor mode
Select (0, 6), then (0, 0), then (0, -2) in that order
Right click, choose Insert Bezier
Use 16 segments, foreground
Select all lines (i.e. Shift key down and click on one line on the upper surface to select the entire loop)
Right click and use Set loop. This properly configures the loop with consistent direction and group ID.
Check to see that all are Clockwise. If not, select the loop again and use Reverse lines.
These guide points create a symmetric airfoil with the peak thickness of 2.0 inches (33% chord) located at 1/4 of the
chord from the leading edge (X = 1.5). The may approximate an NACA 0033 basic thickness form airfoil.
Select the entire loop again. Right click and_
Choose Copy selected/ to parallel offset
Enter Offset: 0.125
Choose: Background
With OK, the section should be ready to solve.
With a clockwise orientation a positive value will reproduce the copy as shrunken and inside the existing one. If it
were counterclockwise, then a positive value would create and expanded surface around the original. It would be
the opposite for a negative offset value.
One must be careful of very sharp inside corners like the internal trailing edge of this airfoil section. If the surface has
points that are too close (small segments) they can interfere in the tight corner requiring some final dressing up.
For example, repeat this construction using 32 segments and note the trailing edge issues. In this case, these issues
can be easily corrected in the point edit mode by dragging the extra points to the inside trailing edge intersection and
dropping them on that node, then running Utilities/Clean lines.

ANGLEBRUHN.PF2
Benchmark validation sample model
L section taken from Bruhn, "Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures"

This section is provided as a primary benchmark validation for CADRE Profiler.

Manual calculation mathematics
Ix1 = b1h13/12
3
Iy1 = h1b1 /12
Ix2 = b2h23/12
3
Iy2 = h2b2 /12
A1 = b1h1: A2 = b2h2
Total properties about reference axes
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥1 + 𝐴1 𝑥12 + 𝐼𝑥2 + 𝐴2 𝑥22

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𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼𝑦1 + 𝐴1 𝑦12 + 𝐼𝑦2 + 𝐴2 𝑦22
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∑ 𝐴 = A1 + A2
Location of centroid
∑(𝐴𝑦)
𝑦� =
∑𝐴
∑(𝐴𝑥)
𝑥̅ =
∑𝐴
Inertias about centroid parallel to reference axes
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 𝐼𝑥 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∗ 𝑦� 2
𝐼𝑦𝑜 = 𝐼𝑦 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 ̅2
𝐼𝑥𝑦𝑜 = � 𝐴𝑥𝑦 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∗ 𝑥̅ 𝑦�

Principal axes properties

2𝐼𝑥𝑦𝑜
tan 2𝜑 =
�𝐼𝑦𝑜 − 𝐼𝑥𝑜 �
𝐼𝑥𝑝 = 𝐼𝑥𝑜 (cos 𝜑)2 + 𝐼𝑦𝑜 (sin 𝜑)2 − 2𝐼𝑥𝑦𝑜 sin 𝜑 cos 𝜑
𝐼𝑦𝑝 = 𝐼𝑥𝑜 (sin 𝜑)2 + 𝐼𝑦𝑜 (cos 𝜑)2 + 2𝐼𝑥𝑦𝑜 sin 𝜑 cos 𝜑
Tabular calculation using equations above
A x y Ay Ax
1 0.375 0.75 0.125 0.046875 0.28125
2 0.5 0.125 1.25 0.625 0.0625
Sums 0.875 0.671875 0.34375

Ay2 Ax2 Axy Ixi Iyi

0.005859 0.210938 0.035156 0.001953 0.070313
0.78125 0.007813 0.078125 0.166667 0.002604
Sums 0.787109 0.21875 0.113281

Ix Iy
0.007813 0.28125
0.947917 0.010417
Sums 0.955729 0.291667

Xbar Ybar Ixo Iyo Ixyo

0.392857 0.767857 0.439825 0.156622 -0.15067

Tan2phi 2phi phi Phi(deg)

1.064039 0.816414 0.408207 23.38855

Ixp Iyp
0.50499 0.091457

CADRE Profiler principal axis results for comparison:

Angle = 23.388552 degrees

Ixp = 0.504990
Iyp = 0.091457

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ANGLEEQ.PF2
Equal leg L 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.125 (0.188 inside radius, 0.125 flange radii

This is a standard Aluminum Association angle section. It is first drawn very simply without radiuses or fillets on the
corners by inserting 6 points and drawing lines between them. Then the inside point is selected and radii of 0.188 is
set using the radius tool. Then the two flange points are selected and the 0.125 radiuses are set using the radius
tool.
An alternate and faster way to draw such standard shapes is just to import it in one single step from the Basic Shapes
module under Utilities.

ANGLEUNEQ.PF2
Unequal angle 6 x 4 x 0.375 (R1 = 0.5, R2 = 0.375)

This is a standard Aluminum Association angle section with unequal flanges. It can be set up and
imported directly from the Basic Shapes utility without drawing, The settings are:
=== Input data ===
d=6
b=2
Tw = 0.375
Tf = 0.375
Ri = 0.500
Ro = 0.375
Radius points = 8
=== Additional information ===
Area = 2.852669
Torsional stiffness coefficient = 0.1516692
Torsional stress modulus = 0.2174858

The Basic Shapes utility also provides an initial exact rote calculation of area from the input dimensions as well as
torsional stiffness and torsional stress coefficients based on empirical formulas associated with the specific shape.
CADRE Profile doesn't provide these coefficients for general shapes since there is no accepted mathematical method
to do so.

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BULB ANGE (AN) x 0.188.PF2

Bulb (AN series) 3.0 x 2.0 x 0.188 x 0.188 (R = 0.3125)
Bulb (AN series) 3.0 x 2.0 x 0.188 x 0.188 (R = 0.3125)
This is an Army-Navy series bulb section drawn by piecing together a basic square ended flange angle 3.0 x 2.0 with
0.188 flanges. The purpose of this sample file is to illustrate in detail some of the drawing methods and issues.

This is a bulb angle is created by first starting with a simple angle with square ends as imported from the Basic
Shapes module under Utilities. Leave the outside radii square (Ro=0) and manually set the vertical one after
importing since both ends aren't the same. You can use the copy tool on the Basic Shapes dialog to copy the
input data to the clipboard.
Here are the settings we used as copied and pasted. Note we used the precise 5/16 = 0.1875 value rather than the
rounded 0.188 value.
=== Input data ===
d=2
b=3
Tw = 0.1875
Tf = 0.1875
Ri = 0.3125
Ro = 0
Radius points = 8
=== Additional information ===
Area = 0.923301
Torsional stiffness coefficient = 0.01243099
Torsional stress modulus = 0.03385156
The additional data aren't of much use since we will modify the drawing extensively. Nevertheless, the torsional
coefficients may be reasonable for stress analysis since we will only modify the ends significantly. CADRE Profile
does not provide the "structural" torsional coefficients for general arbitrary drawings since there is no general
analytical method to do so!

After importing set the scale to 4; 0.0625; and16 so that the drawing is displayed with inches and divided into
1/16 inch.

Go to the Line Edit mode .

Select the inside end node on the vertical flange. Use the Radius tool to create the inside radius of 5/16
(0.3125) using 8 segments.
CONSTRUCTING THE BULB
The center of the major circles (tangent line center and bulb center can be dtermined by geometry).
Tangent center:
x = b - R - 2RCos(Phi) = 2.091288
y = t + R = 0.500
where Phi = Arcsine(t/(2R))

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Bulb center
x = b-R = 2.6875
y = R = 0.3125

Go to the point edit mode

Set the center points, first snap to an approximate position, then select and use "Set points" directly.

Line edit mode

Select both center points and use the circle tool to set both 0.3125 diameter circles (32 segments) at each of
these locations simultaneously.

Point edit mode

Using the move operation (SHIFT key with mouse down inside the node circle), move the outer lower end node of the
flange to the bulb circle lowest node and drop it. Also move the upper end node of the flange to the lowest node of
the tangent circle and drop it.

Line edit mode

Now go around, select, and delete all the segments that aren't part of the section loop. You may want to zoom for
this effort.

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Go to point edit mode

Drag a selection frame over all the nodes and use "Delete nodes". That will remove all free nodes but leave all
others intact.

You can zoom in on the tangent location and relocate (SHIFT key and mouse down to move and drop) those nodes
to smooth out the tangent point.

We moved the lower of the two closely separated nodes and dropped it into the one just above.
There may be some duplicate overlaying lines and certainly some overlaying points. Also the segments around the
loop are not all pointed in a consistent direction. These issues must be repaired by the next operations. It is best to
do them in the order shown.

Line edit mode

1) Select ALL lines and set to them same group ID (important!) so that the joining and cleaning methods will work.
2) Select all lines and use "Joint lines" under utilities
3) Select all lines and use "Clean lines" under utilities
4) Select one line segment and use "Set loop".
The last operation will rearrange any necessary segments so that all are oriented the same way around the loop.
That should finish the drawing and it can be solved for section properties.

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BULBFLAT-200-9
European steel Bulb Flat HP200x9

The manufacturer provided specifications are:

a=200, s=9, c=28, r=8, d=28.8, slope=30 degrees
Start by making a very simple section as follows, then it is a simple matter to apply the radii.

The five points are easily derived from the data provided from the specification.
1 0, 0
2 a, 0 = 200, 0
3 a, s + d/Tan(30) = 200, 58.883
4 a - d, s = 171.2, 9
5 0, s = 0, 9
New model: Scale: Height = 175; Grid = 2; Major = 10

Go to the point edit mode

Set the 5 points shown above.

Go to the line edit mode

Click on the continuous line tool

Go around the points starting at 1 then 2, 3, 4, and final click again on 1.
Choose "Foreground" and check "Close the loop"
That should complete the section except for radii.

Line edit mode

Select point 3 then use the Radius tool

Enter the radius, 8, and choose about 12 for the number of segments.
OK to apply the radius.

Select point 4 then use the Radius tool

Enter the radius, 8, and choose about 6 for the number of segments.
OK to apply the radius.

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SOLVE:
The European specification gives the following table values at the centroid.
A = 2366; IY = 9410000; IX = 157600 (after converting from centimeter to millimeter
As modeled in CADRE Profiler:
A = 2366; IY = 9421897; IX = 157474

C-BEAM.PF2
C - Beam 8 x 4 x 0.5 (Radius = 0.125)
Exercise in basic drawing methods.

This is a "C" section created by setting the main corner points (16) and using the toolbar line draw tool to draw
around the 16 points (finally setting them to 'foreground' when completing.
You can start by copying these 16 points (points only) and pasting to 'Notepad' or any text editor then saving them as
a plane *.txt file.
X Y
1.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
2.0 4.0
-2.0 4.0
-2.0 -4.0
2.0 -4.0
2.0 -2.0
1.0 -2.0
1.0 -2.5
1.5 -2.5
1.5 -3.5
-1.5 -3.5
-1.5 3.5
1.5 3.5
1.5 2.5
1.0 2.5

Then start a new section profile (File/New). Turn on the selection circles .
Use Utilities/Import points and import the 16 points from the text file to the screen.

Choose the line edit mode .

Click on the line draw tool . The cursor changes to the line draw cursor .

One by one select each point around the outside, across, and around the inside. With the tool enabled,
boundary lines will follow your selection.

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After the last point, click on the first point again to close the loop and you are given a choice to set background or
foreground setting. Choose foreground.

Next select all 16 points at once by going to the point mode and dragging a frame over the entire drawing.

Change back to the line mode and click on the radius tool . Enter 0.125 and use 8 segments.
Then the drawing should be ready to solve.

CHANNEL-AN.PF2
AN Channel 3 x 1.375 x 0.156

AN Channel C 3 x 1.375 x 0.156 (Ro = 0.156; Ri = 0.125)

This is the channel section used to make the composite angle-channel section built in Exercise 3 of 'Getting started'
in Help. The model is taken from dimensions in the Aluminum Association Manual and created in the Basic Shapes
Module (Utilities/Merge basic shape).

The information button on the Basic Shapes dialog allows the input data and some additional information to be
copied to the clipboard.
=== Input data ===
d=3
b = 1.375
Tw = 0.156
Tf(tip) = 0.156
Ri = 0.125
Ro = 0.156
Slope = 0
Radius points = 4
=== Additional information ===
Area = 0.8445892
Torsional stiffness coefficient = 0.009243814
Torsional stress modulus = 0.03361304
The additional information are calculated from geometry and from empirical formulas for the specific shapes and
dimensions provided, not from the general drawing geometric calculator in CADRE Profiler!
The additional information are provided for reference only and include the Area, Structural Torsional Stiffness
Coefficient, and Torsional stress modulus. These data refer to this section only and would be applicable only if no
other revisions are made or other drawing parts included. The 'Area' may be useful in checking the accuracy of your
current scale and settings while the structural torsional values (which are not provided at all with the CADRE Profiler
general drawing calculator) may be useful for structural analysis.
If the section is to be revised or combined with other drawings (the main purpose of the Basic Shapes module), the
additional information may not be useful.

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CHANNELBEAM.PF2
Composite beam from two parallel C8X6.48 channels

Composite channel beam made from American standard channel (C8X6.48)

This demonstrates that just about any built up beam combination can be made directly from the Basic
Shapes templates and merged together without using any of the detail drawing methods.

MAKE THE CHANNELS

Go to Utilities/Merge Basic shapes
Select the Channel shape
d=8
b=2.527
Tf=0.22
Tw = 0.487
Ri = 0.32
Ro = 0.13
Slope 1:6 enter as 0.16667
Radius points 4
Import to point X = 0: Y = -4.0

You could solve and check A, Ixp, and Iyp against the published values at this point.

SECOND CHANNEL
Select all (i.e. select one element, right click and use Select loop) and translate relative to X = +2: Y = 0
Select all and copy relative by X = -4: Y = 0
Select the left hand copy and also select one of the nodes on the outside corner of its web (as pivot
point).
Use Flip/Horizontal

MAKE THE CAPS

Go to Utilities/Merge basic shapes
Choose the rectangle bar shape
d = 0.375
b = 10
Radius = 0
Import to X = 0; Y = +4.1875

Go to Utilities/Merge basic shapes

Choose the rectangle bar shape (should already be set up)
d = 0.375
b = 10
Radius = 0
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Import to X = 0; Y = -4.1875

The composite section is ready to solve.

COMP-AS-I-BEAM.PF2
Parallel American Standard I-beams (I8 x 6.35) with AN channel attachment

This is an example of building a composite beam section from other section using the merging utilities.
The two parallel I beams are made by loading a previously made section I8 x 6.35 from the sample files (I-8-AS.pf2)
then using the utility 'Merge file' to import and merge an additional copy (One could have just as easily copied and
replicated the I-beam in place). Each are positioned using the select and translate methods.
The flat bar caps are imported using the 'Merge basic shape' utility and positioned in the same manner. Finally the
AN channel is imported from the sample files (Channel-AN.pf2) and translated using the Merge file utility.
It could also just as easily been made directly from the Basic Shapes feature and merged into place.

COMP-L-C.PF2
AN Channel combined with an Equal leg L with net section cutout

This is the composite section built in Exercise 3 of 'Getting started' in Help. It is constructed by merging and
positioning other section files (Channel-AN.pf2 ) and (AngleEQ.pf2) in the sample files.
The AN channel is loaded directly and translated up 1.5 inches so the flange rests on the X axis.
The "L" angle section is imported in, selected and flipped horizontally, then translated into position.
Four points are set for the bolt-hole cutout and a loop of lines is drawn around them. The group for this is selected
and set up as "Background" so as to act as a cutout.

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All of these parts can be made directly from templates (Utilities/Merge basic shapes) and merged together into any
form desired.

COMP-T-L
Composite T-L beam section - net section properties

This is a composite beam demonstrating net section properties with the section properties reduced by the fastener
holes. The fastener holes are just small rectangles set as ‘background’ overlaying the main section.
This method of using overlays to establish holes and cutouts works as long as the drawing is using the default
material or a material with a material factor of 1.0.
Other samples (e.g. MatWoodSteel.pf2) demonstrate how to handle them for other materials.

COMP-TUBE1.PF2
Non-overlapping tube - aluminum inside steel - steel based

This is one of the tubes discussed in example 6 in the User Manual.

It is a steel tube, 4 inches in diameter on the outside with a 0.25 inch wall. The interior is solid aluminum.
It is non-overlapping model in that the outer tube is constructed with a single loop of segments around the outside,
across the thickness, around the inside of the mandrel in the opposite direction, then back across to the start point.
Without the aluminum center, the center would be completely open. A solid aluminum mandrel fills the center but
does not actually overlap any of the steel tube.
Steel is used as the reference material with a factor of 1.0 in this Help exercise.
Files Comp-Tube2.pf2 and Comp-tube3.pf2 show alternate methods.

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COMP-TUBE2.PF2
Non-overlapping tube - steel inside aluminum - steel based

This is one of the tubes discussed in example 6 in the User Manual.

It is a 4 inch diameter aluminum tube with 0.25 wall filled with a steel mandrel.
It is non-overlapping in that the outer aluminum tube is constructed with a single loop of segments around the
outside, across the thickness, around the inside, than back across to the start point. Without the steel mandrel in the
center, the center would be completely open. A solid steel mandrel fills center but does not actually overlap any of
the aluminum tube.
Steel is used as the reference material with a factor of 1.0 in this Help exercise.

COMP-TUBE3.PF2
Overlapping aluminum on steel, steel base

This model involves the use of a negative material factor.

This is one of the tubes discussed in example 6 in the User Manual. It is overlapping in that the outer tube is
constructed as a solid filled circle and the aluminum is a solid circle overlapping the steel circle.
The materials are represented as 1.0 for the steel which is the reference. To set the material factor for the center one
must subtract out the steel center (-1.0) and add in the aluminum (0.333) so that the effective material factor used for
the aluminum in the center is -0.667.
This type of model is simple to make and will work well with the geometric method but not with the Pixel method of
analysis. Using the pixel method will generate an error message "Negative material factors are not appropriate for
the pixel method."
However, if one sets the material factors to 1 for steel and 0.333 for aluminum then the pixel method would return the
correct answer but the geometric method would not. That is because the Pixel methods only examines the color on
top and nothing more, while the analytical method includes all layers so the analytical method would treat the middle
as if it had a factor of 1.333.

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See example 6 in the user manual for a more detailed discussion of overlapping models with different materials.

CONCRETEBEAMEX7.PF2
Reinforced concrete rectangular beam

See Exercise 7 of Help "Getting started for the details of constructing and solving this model.

CONCRETE-TBEAM-SEHECHAP12.PF2
Reinforced concrete T-beam example

This exercise is based on an Reinforced concrete T-beam example from chapter 12 of Gaylord, Gaylord, and
Stallmeyer, Structural Engineering Handbook, 4th edition.
Some of the facts of the example have been changed and simplified since the main objective here is to draw the
section and derive the equivalent section properties.
In this example a concrete T beam 26 inches wide and 4 inches deep in the flange area and 24 inches tall overall is
constructed and analyzed for load carrying capacity.
There are 3 #9 reinforcement bars in the flange region at 1.5 inch above the flange/stem interface and 3 #9 bars in
the stem region at 15.5 inch below the flange/stem interface. Additionally there are 3 #11 bars in the stem area at
17.5.
#9 bars are 1.00 in2 area or R = 0.5642
#11 bars are 1.56 in2 area or R = 0.7047

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Materials are set up with the following factors:
Concrete in compression >> factor 1.0 (Reference)
Concrete in tension >> factor = 0.0 (ineffective)
Steel in tensioned concrete = 15 - 0 = 15 (i.e. nothing to displace since concrete in tension is ineffective)
Steel in compressed concrete = 15 - 1 = 14 (i.e. reduced for displaced concrete)
With these types of models, the location of the neutral axis is not known at the outset but is determined by solving the
model then shifting the boundary to the centroid. In the exercise, the model is intially constructed with the estimated
dividing line for compression/tension at precisely 4.0 inches below the X axis.
Initial solution: Area = 309; Ixp = 23210; Iyp = 8116; Yctr = -5.643
After solution, the points on the dividing line are selected and the "Set Y" function is used to move it precisely on the
neutral axis as shown on the solution panel (Yctr = -5.643).
Solve again and the neutral axis is slightly different so shift again the same way.
Only a couple of iterations are necessary. The section as shown here in the sample files is the final configuration.
Area = 327.3; Ixp = 23227; Iyp = 8346 and Yctr = -5.5936
Manually check the area value for confidence:
A0 = (12)(20 - 5.608) = 172.707 concrete in tension - factor 0
A1 = (12)(5.608) = 67.293 concrete in compression - factor 1
A2 = (26)(4) = 104 concrete in compression - factor 1
A3 = 2.995 steel in compressed concrete - factor 14
A4 = 7.6677 steel in tensioned concrete - factor 15
A = (172.707)(0) + (67.293)(1) + (104)(1) + (2.995)(14) + (7.6677)(15) = 328.2
Using more segments to define the circles would increase the precision if desired.
See Help "Getting started" Exercise 8 for details solution including derivation of load capacity based on these
equivalent section properties.

CORRUGATED SHEET.PFT
Two cycles of a corrugated sheet

This example shows how to create a corrugated sheet cross section.

The corrugation is a simple sine wave with amplitude of A = 1.0 and a period L = 4
Y = A*Sin(2*PI/L*X) = 1*Sin(PI/2*X)
Set up the X and Y columns in a spread sheet and calculate the points at increments of 0.1. Then copy the two
columns of XY values and paste them to Notepad, then save that as a simple text file under a name you can find (e.
g. "Corrugation.txt"). The columns would normally be separated by a tab character if pasted from Excel or most other
spread sheets and that is exactly what is needed. Only the X,Y values without any headers should be in the text file.
Start a new model 10; 0.125; 8
Go to Utilities and "Import points". Navigate to the text file and import the points.

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Line edit mode

Click on the line drawing tool . Start at the left end and click on each point from left to right. After the last point,
click on the start point again and choose NOT to close the loop. The background or foreground setting isn't important
now.

This is actually the centerline of our corrugated section which will used to create the surface lines. Afterward, this line
will be deleted.
Select the entire drawing, right click and use "Copy selected" then pick "To parallel offset". Enter -0.0625 (i.e. 1/2 the
thickness).
Then, select the entire initial line again and perform the same operation but this time Enter +0.0625. Next Select the
entire initial (middle) line again and delete it.

Go to the point edit mode

Select all nodes, right click, and use "Delete points" to delete all unused points (others used for lines won't be
affected).

Turn of the point circle view .

You now have the two surface lines of one cycle of the corrugation. Assume you want two cycles.

Line edit mode

Use "Edit/Translate all". Choose "To offset" and enter X=4; Y=0. Designate one additional copy. (you could make
as many additional cycles as you want)

Now draw segments across each end to close off the loop. The loop still needs work.

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Drag a frame over the entire model to select all lines. Right click and use Define group.
Select or set a single number ID for the entire group and choose "Foreground".
Drag a frame over the entire model again and use "Utilities/Joint lines". It is possible the connecting points were not
joined depending on the accuracy of the points generation and importing. This will join them.
Select the entire model again and use "Set loop". This will force all lines to be in a consistent direction around the
loop.
The section should be ready to solve.

I-BEAM-AS.PF2
American Standard I-beam (I8 x 6.35)

American Standard I section (S8 x 6.35) from the Aluminum Association design handbook.
This is simply made from the Basic Shapes template without using any detail drawing methods.

MAKING:

Start a new model 10; 0.125; 8

Go to Utilities/Merge basic shapes
Select the “I” shape
Enter the published dimensional data:
d = 8.000
b = 4.000
Tf = 0.270 (at the tip)
Tw = 0.270
Ri = 0.370
Ro = 0.160
Slope = 1:6 so enter 0.16667
4 points for radius is usually adequate

On entry position the anchor point (which is the lower left hand corner for an I shape) to (-2, -4)

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SOLVE BY GEOMETRY

Check results and compare

Area = 5.404273 vs. 54.0 published
Ixp = 57.625675 vs.57.6 published
Iyp = 3.721140 vs. 3.73 published

SOLVE BY PIXEL (first fit to window )

Check results and compare

Area 5.443836 vs. 54.0 published
Ixp = 57.954255 vs. 57.6 published
Iyp = 3.747511 vs. 3.73 published

Now select and translate to the right on X by 4 units

SOLVE BY GEOMETRY

Check results and compare

Area 5.404273 vs. 54.0 published
Ixp = 57.625674 vs. 57.6 published
Iyp = 3Iyp = 3.721140 vs. 3.73 published

SOLVE BY PIXEL (first fit to window )

Check results and compare

Area 5.379416 vs. 54.0 published
Ixp = 57.726306 vs. 57.6 published
Iyp = 3.736758vs. 3.73 published

Sometimes one can improve the accuracy by keeping the origin outside of very thin sections. However
the calculator is very tolerant to this issue and as shown above it makes very little difference on a web of
this size.

MAT1001.PF2
Wooden beam 6 x 12 inches with one side steel strap 3 x 0.5 inches.
Wooden beam 6 x 12 inches with the lower side capped with a steel strap 3 x 0.5 inches. This is a student exercise
from a University Strength of Materials text book.

Given that the elastic modulus of the steel strap is 20 times greater than the elastic modulus for the wood, determine
the maximum resisting moment. The allowable stress in the steel is 18000 psi and the allowable stress in the wood is
1200 psi.

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As with most models you actually don't need to do any detail drawing. The Utility "Basic Shapes" is used to define
and import the two rectangular components.
START A NEW FILE
Set up a New model with scale: Height = 10; Grid = 0.125; 8 so that the grid lines are 1/8 with major lines at every
inch.
IMPORT THE COMPONENTS:
Wood rectangle: Use Utilities/Merge basic shape and choose the rectangular shape.
Set d=12; b = 6; R = 0 then OK to import the section. Enter X=0; Y=0 to locate the rectangle.
Steel rectangle: Use Utilities/Merge basic shape and choose the rectangular shape.
Set d=0.5; b = 3; R = 0 then OK to import the section. Enter X=0; Y=-6.25 to locate the rectangle flush with the
bottom surface of the wood section.
SET UP MATERIALS:
Go to Edit/Manage materials and add two new entries.
Using the upper controls only
First for the wood:
1) Add button
2) Rename to Wood
3) Set factor to 1.0 (already default)
4) Set a color using a right click in the color box
5) Replace

Now for the steel:

1) Add button
2) Rename to Steel
3) Set factor to 20
4) Set a color using a right click in the color box
5) Replace

Use OK to exit
Wood is used as the reference material so is set to 1.0 while the steel is weighted 20 times as much as wood.
ASSIGN MATERIALS

Line edit mode

For each drawing component (2 components), hold down the Shift key and click on one of the lines to select the
entire loop. Right click and use "Set material" and apply the appropriate material to the component. The color should
change and match for confirmation.
SOLVE
The center of the neutral axis is calculated as -1.838 below the middle of the wood beam (our origin).
The distance from the neutral axis to the wood extreme fiber would be 6 + 1.838 = 7.838 inches
The distance from the neutral axis to the steel extreme fiber would be 6+0.5 - 1.838 = 4.662 inches
The section bending inertia about he neutral axis is calculated as:
Ixp = 1691.83
Iyp = 238.5
For capacity based on maximum stress in the wood:
Mw = 1200 (1691.83)/7.838 = 259020 inch-pounds
For capacity based on maximum (equivalent) stress in the steel:
(Steel equivalent stress of steel referenced to the wood is 18000/20 = 900 psi)

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Ms = 900(1691.83)/4.662 = 326608 inch-pounds
The safe resisting would be the smaller value of 259020.
ALTERNATE:
We could have set up the steel as the reference with a factor 1.0 with the wood factor set to 0.05. Then the steel
stress would be 18000 and the wood would equivalent stress would be 1200/0.05 = 24000 psi. The calculated inertia
about the neutral axis would be 84.5916 in4.
Mw = 24000(84.5916)/7.838 = 259020
Ms = 18000(84.5916)/4.662 = 326608
The result is the same.

MAT1012.PF2
Aluminum WF8x10.7 beam with 0.25 steel caps

WF 8 x 10.7 section properties as shown above are taken from the Aluminum Association's Aluminum design
manual.
The allowable stress in the steel and aluminum are given as 20000 and 15000 psi respectively, and the ratio of
elasticity (Es/Ea) is given as 3.0. The problem is to determine the percentage change in load bearing capacity (i.e.
bending moment capability) over the original uncapped section.
Start a new model: Height = 10; grid = 0.125; Major = 8
Go to Utilities/Basic shapes and choose the I-beam shape.
=== Input data ===
d=8
b=8
Tw = 0.288
Tf(tip) = 0.438
Ri = 0.400
Ro = 0
Slope = 0
Radius points = 8

Locate:
X = -4
Y = -4
Solving for the WF section alone without caps:
I = 9.21; Ix = 110.67; Iy = 37.40
{The AISC manual gives A= 9.12; Ix = 110; Iy = 37.0}
One can prove by exact geometry that the actual area for the dimensions as given above is actually 9.197 so we will
use our calculated results throughout.
Distance to upper surface = 4.0 so_
Sx = 110.67/4.0 = 27.67

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Go back to the Basic Shapes utility and choose the rectangular bar shape
=== Input data ===
d = 0.25
b = 7.995
R=0
Locate: X = 0; Y = 4.125
Return to the Basic Shapes utility; it should still be set up so import the same item again.
Locate: X = 0; Y = -4.125
There are now 3 groups: (1) main section; (2) upper cap; (3); lower cap
Set up the material library with Aluminum weighted as 1.0 and steel as 3.0 since Es/Ea = 3.0
You could just use the default entry at 1.0 as the aluminum and assign it and add a row for steel, but here both steel
and aluminum are added as extra rows in the material library and the default entry is left unused. There is no
particular reason for this but it would allow us to set a custom color for the aluminum if we wanted.
Select each loop by selecting a segment of the component, then right click and use "Select loop"; then right click and
use Set material.
{Note: alternatively you can use SHIFT with a right click on a segment to immediately select an entire loop}
Solution:
CADRE Profiler results for full equivalent weighted configuration:
A = 21.20; Ix = 314.92; Iy=101.40
Sx = 314.92/4.0 = 78.73 at aluminum surface
Sx = 314.92/4.25 = 74.10 at steel surface

1) Original section surface limit: M = 15000 x 27.67 = 415050 in-lb

2) Modified section aluminum surface: M = 15000 x 78.73 = 1180950 in-lb
3) Modified section steel surface: M = (20000/3) x 74.10 = 494000 in-lb
The improvement is 494000/415050 = 1.1902 (or an 19% increase in capacity).

MAT1016.PF2
Wood beam 3 x 6 capped with steel on top, aluminum on bottom - Exercise 5 in Help

This is a student exercise from a University Strength of Materials text book and is constructed and solved in detail in
Help "Getting started", Exercise 5.
In this example, you construct a composite 3 inch wide wood and metal beam cross section consisting of a wood
beam capped by 1 inch of steel on the top and 2 inches aluminum on the bottom.
In the exercise, you determine the 'equivalent' section properties of the section with respect to the wood material and
then, using the results derived, resolve the moment carrying capability "Capacity" of the beam based on the following
allowed stresses and elastic properties.
Steel S = 18000 psi, E=30 X 106

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Aluminum = 12000 psi , E = 10 X 106
Wood = 1500 psi, E = 1.5 X 106
See Help; "Getting started" Exercise 5 for solution details.

MATWOODSTEEL.PF2
Steel reinforced wood beam with net section cutouts
This is an 8 x 10 wood timber with steel C10X20 channels reinforcing from the sides. 3/8 inch holes are drilled
horizontally through the beam and channels at 2 and 3/16 inch above and below the center line. Based on a steel
allowable of 18000 psi and a wood allowable of 1200 psi determine the maximum bending moment the beam can
carry about the horizontal axis and also about the vertical axis.

The C10X20 AISI Steel channel can be created and imported from the basic shapes utility. The dimensional data
shown above are taken from the AISI Manual of Steel Construction.
This sample demonstrates how to account for overlaying holes and cutouts particularly when there are material
factors greater than the default 1.0.
Start a new file: Height = 12; Grid = 0.125; Major = 8
Go to the Basic Shapes generator to and choose the Channel shape.
Rather than inside radius the AISC design manual uses K which is the distance from the outside of the flange to the
end of the radius curvature. It also uses the average flange thickness. Slopes for tapered flanges are usually 1 to 6.
The Basic Shapes dialog can be configured to allow this form of entry using K and Tf(ave). Check those options on
the dialog.
=== Input data ===
d = 10
b = 2.739
Tw = 0.379
Tf(ave) = 0.436
k = 1 (the distance from the outside of the flange to the end of the inside radius)
Ro = 0.25
Slope = 0.16667
Radius points = 6
Import to location X = 4; Y = -5 to create the right hand channel.

Edit line mode

Select the channel entire loop.
{You can use the SHIFT key and select one segment to select the entire contour}
Right click and use "Copy selected" and "To offset"
Enter X = -8, Y = 0; make one copy

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Now select just the new left side channel AND also select the lower node of the left channel (i.e. point -4, -5) as the
pivot point.
Right click and use "Flip selected"; and use "Horizontal".
The channels are correctly placed.
Go back to Utilities/Basic shapes again to make the wood beam.
Choose the Rectangular shape.
=== Input data ===
d = 10
b=8
R=0
Radius points = 6 (any value since R=0)
Import to location X = 0; Y = 0
The main components are now set up and located.
You can create the 3/8 bolt hole cutouts in the same manner since they are just rectangular shapes. However the
cutout in the wood and the cutout through the steel must be different loops so we will need 6 rectangles in all, 2
through the wood and 4 through the steel. Why they must be separate is explained below.
Utilities/Merge basic shape to make the wood beam cutouts
=== Input data ===
d = 0.375
b = 8.0
R=0
Locate at X = 0; Y = 2.1875
Repeat this again (it remains setup on the Basic Shapes dialog).
Locate at X = 0; Y = -2.1875.
That completes the holes in the wood.
Utilities/Merge basic shape to make the steel channel cutouts
=== Input data ===
d = 0.375
b = 0.379
R=0
Locate at the steel hole center
X = -4.1895 {i.e. -4.0 - 0.379/2}
Y = -2.1875
The dialog remains set up so Repeat 3 more times and you should only need to change signs on the locate dialog so
these can be quickly placed.
Locate: -4.1895, 2.1875
Locate: 4.1895, 2.1875
Locate: 4.1895, -2.1875
To confirm unique loop ID's. Select an element of each loop one-by-one (use ESC to unselect each time) and ensure
a single unique ID for each loop. You can see the ID displayed on the lower left side of the status bar. You can set
all to foreground except the cutouts in the wood which should be set as background (Use "Define group" to change ID
and foreground vs. background).
Leave the cutouts in the steel as foreground, NOT background (explained later)
Set up the Material Library exactly as was done in Sample "Mat1001.pf2". In fact, you can go to Edit/Manage
Materials and use the 'Import' button to import it from that sample model. Add one additional material to the library. It
should have a factor of -20 which will be used for the steel cutout. Name it "Steel holes". The -20 factor will exactly
cancel the +20 factor we are using for steel.

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ALTERNATIVLY: You could actually set the steel holes to "background" and set a material factor of +20 for them (i.e.
just assign steel to the background) and that would work fine as well. The background setting just reverses the sign
of any material assigned to it. See sample model "Square-Hole.pf2" for study cases of this effect.
Assign the steel material to the channels and the wood material to the wood beam. Select the 4 steel bolt holes and
assign the "Steel holes" material to them. The wood holes are not assigned.
SOLVE:
Ixp = 3743.79
Iyp = 5288.63
About the horizontal axis through the centroid:
The wood and steel extreme fiber distances are 5 inches.
Ms = 900(3743.79)/5 = 673882 in-lb
Mw = 1200(3743.79)/5 = 898509 in-lb
About the vertical axis through the centroid:
The wood extreme fiber distance is 4 inches
The steel extreme fiber distance is 6.739 inches
Ms = 900(5288.63)/6.739 = 706302 in-lb
Mw = 1200(5288.63)/4 = 1586589 in-lb
In both cases the limiting capacity is the steel component:
Capacity = 673882 in-lb on the horizontal axis
Capacity = 706302 in-lb on the vertical axis

NONISOTROPIC.FP2
Non isotropic beam with tension elastic modulus twice compression

Even though the material may be identical it can sometimes have different properties in tension and compression.
In this extreme example, the red area is in tension with a material factor of 2.0 while the blue is in compression with a
material factor of 1.0. Such materials can be treated similar to concrete beams which illustrate a similar type of
behavior. Examine the material settings under "Edit/Manage materials".
The beam is considered to be loaded with a bending moment about the X axis creating a tension and compression
region below and above the neutral axis respectively. The actual location of the neutral axis is not known at the
outset and so is constructed arbitrarily in the middle (the initial condition provided in this sample).
After the first solution, the interface boundary between the two material types is moved to the weighted centroid
(neutral axis) position. The procedure is repeated and then the boundary moved to the weighted centroid again. A
couple of iterations are all that is needed for a very accurate solution. The step by step procedure follows:
1 Show the node circles.
2 Set Point Edit mode
3 SOLVE for results

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4 Drag the selection frame over the entire interface line between the two types of material in order to select
the interface nodes. Although you see only 2 there are actually 4 as they overly each other. You should see
the number four under 'Points selected' on the status bar.
5 Right click on the screen and choose "Set Y"
6 You can enter the YCTR value of the centroid from the results panel, or more easily just click (left button)
on the YCTR field on the panel and it will be copied into the dialog field for you.
7 Press OK and the interface line will move to the centroid.
Repeat 3 to 7 as necessary.
When satisfied with the accuracy (e.g. centroid at about -0.8579), the final values about the principal Xp axis is the
correct value of 'effective inertia' relative to the material with the material factor set to 1.0 (the blue compression side).
IXP = 686.29.
When using these properties with stress analyses (with moments about the X axis) you would use these 'effective
inertia' values along with the elastic modulus of the blue side (the side with the reference factor 1.0).

SAMPLEIMPORT.PF2
Section imported from a CAD DXF file

DXF import sample resulting from Exercise 10 in Help "Getting started"

This model is created from a CAD DXF import. The original DXF file "SampleImport.dxf" is also contained in the
sample file set provided with CADRE Profiler and is used with Exercise 10 to practice the techniques for cleaning up
and making a typical DXF file into a reliable section drawing for analysis. This is the final resulting model after the
repairs have been made. The starter DXF file is "SampleImport.dxf" which is imported using Utilities/Import DXF.
Initially the DXF file has many drawing issues and anomalies that are methodically corrected by the techniques
learned in the exercise.

SPAR.PF2
Wing spar construction
This is a typical spar cap and web construction

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The spar caps are identical 'T' square tip T sections 0.25 thick with a 3 inch height and 3 inch flange. The inside
radius is 0.375.
T SECTION SPECIFICATION DATA
T-section 3 x 3 x 0.25 (R = 0.375)
Area = 1.4979
Iy (Inertia) = 0.5690
Ix (Inertia) = 1.2595
J (Torsion stiffness coefficient) = 0.047
Centroid to stem tip 2.1781
Centroid to flange tip 1.5
Start a new model: Height 10; Grid 0.125; Major 8
UPPER SPAR CAP
Go to the basic shapes utility and choose the T shape.
=== Input data ===
d=3
b=3
Tw = 0.25
Tf(tip) = 0.25
Ri = 0.375
Ro = 0
Slope = 0
Radius points = 16
The center point of the end of the stem is the anchor for T shapes and it should be located at 0, 2.
Locate: X = 0; Y = 2
LOWER SPAR CAP
Repeat the above process again since it is already set up on the dialogs, but
Locate: X = 0; Y = -2
The lower cap needs to be inverted.

Set the line edit mode

Select the lower T loop {SHIFT key and click on one of its lines}
Also select a node on the stem end as the point of pivot.
Right click and choose "Flip selected" and "Vertical"
That will set the lower spar cap into position.
WEB COMPONENT
Go to the Basic Shapes utility again and choose the rectangle.

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=== Input data ===
d = 8.5
b = 0.15
R=0
The left edge of the web must contact the right edge of the cap stems so the anchor point would be located
X = 0.25/2 + 0.15/2 = 0.200
Locate:
X = 0.2; Y=0
Solving:
Area = 4.2714
Ix(org) = 62.5055
Iy(org) = 1.1915
Xctr = 0.0597
Ixp = 62.5055
Iyp = 1.1762
Compare with manual hand solution:
Area = 4.2708
Ix(org) = 62.4918
Iy(org) = 1.1914
Xctr = 0.0597
Ixp = 62.4918
Iyp = 1.1762

SQUARE-HOLE.PF2
Square 4x4 with 1.5 diameter hole
This is a 4 x 4 square with a 1.5 diameter hole set up to study the background and overlay principles.

The square is provided in two sections, upper and lower, although both are initially the same as if it were a solid
square. This is to facilitate assigning material factors to different parts and studying the cutout issues.
CLASSICAL CALCULATION:
Area circle, AC = 1.767146, YC = 1.0
Ix-circle = PI*D4/64 + AC*YC2 = 0.248505 + 1.767146 = 2.015651
Ix total about origin = (4*43)/12 - Ix-circle = 21.333333 - 2.015651 = 19.317678
Profiler result is 19.33 by geometric or pixel methods
By rebuilding the hole more smoothly with very dense 128 points for the hole, the Profiler result would be 19.3186 so
could achieve any level of accuracy.
There are several materials set up in the Library ready with different factors for use.
CASE 1

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Select the top rectangular 4 x 2 part and change its material to "Material 2" which has a factor of 2.
Solve by geometric method. Ix(org) = 29.9988.

Check by hand for the correct weighted inertia.

Ix = 4(23)/3 + 2{4(23)/3 - Ix-circle}
Ix = 10.6667 + 2{10.6667 - 2.015651 = 27.9688 so the above answer is wrong.
The background circle is only subtracting a factor of 1.0 while the underlying material is 2.0.
CASE 2
Now select the cutout and set its material factor to 2.0 as well (You can set materials for background too!). A positive
factor on the background is effectively a negative factor on the solution. So for 'background', to subtract properly
from the underlying material, it must have the same positive factor.
Solve by geometric method. Ix(org) = 27.9977 (much better!).

CASE 3
Select the top circle again and use "Define group" and change it to "Foreground"
Select it again and set its material to "Material -2" (i.e. a negative factor)

Solve by geometric method. Ix(org) = 27.9977.

So you can use 'foreground' (with a negative factor) or background (with a positive factor) to subtract material. The
only difference is that the 'Background' automatically applies a minus sign so you use positive factors for it. When
using "Foreground" to subtract the underlying material you must use an equivalent negative factor.
There are other materials and factors set up in the materials library for this model. Practice with some of them. The
minimum factor in the model should always be 1.0 as the reference material.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Using the background setting to subtract material you don't get to set a color so in isn't readily apparent what factor
has been assigned. On the other hand, when using "foreground" to subtract material with a negative value, you can't
use the pixel method.
For most single material settings just use the Background type to extract material and don't bother assigning any
material factors to the body or to the cutout. Otherwise use foreground with negative factors and avoid the Pixel
method. Of course all this is only if you have overlaying cutouts..

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STEEL AISCS6X17.PF2
AISC S6 x 17.25 standard tapered flange section
Often, one needs to duplicate standard sections and merge them to build a composite section of standard shapes.
These can be accomplished easily with the Basic Shapes feature without much detail drawing. However the required
entry for many sections may differ between design manuals.

For example, for an AISC tapered flange sections (“S” shapes) in the tables do not give the slope and radii of the
fillets and chamfers.
Although not shown in the tables, the AISC tapered (S, C, T) sections all have a slope of about 1 to 6 as described in
the design handbook’s explanatory pages.
Instead of fillet and tip radii, the AISC tables provide the distance, k, from the top of the flange to the termination of
the fillet on the web.
You can check the boxes which enable the entering of the average flange thickness and the k distance consistent
with the AISC tables, rather than the flange tip thickness and inside radius which are more common for other
industries (aluminum for example).
This sample steel section is constructed using the Basic Shapes module with the data from the AISC Steel manual
for the section S 6 x 17.25. The value of k is given as 0.875, d is 6.0, Tw is 0.465, bf is 3.565, Tf(ave) is 0.359.
You can calculate the tip flange thickness Tf(tip) as 0.22983 which you can use for the outside radius but there is an
easier way as explained below.
The entry values for the basic shape generator are:
d=6
b = 3.565
Tw = 0.465
Tf(ave) = 0.359
k = 0.875
Ro = 0.22983*
Slope = 1 to 6
Radius points = 10
The value of Ro is not given. If you want to use the tip flange thickness as the outside radius then just double click
on the Ro label after you have entered the slope and it will be calculated and entered for you.
The section properties of the generated section as determined from the profiler are:
A = 5.11; Ix = 26.5; Iy = 2.26 (with the section centroid positioned on the system origin)
The AISC manual provides the following values:
A = 5.07; Ix = 26.3; Iy = 2.31

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STEELAISC-LCCombination.pf2
Combined AISC standard channel C 6 x 8.2 and angle L 3 x 2.5 x 0.25
The combination is actually given in the AISC Steel “Manual of Steel Construction” in the tables of section properties
for combined sections so you can check the final answers as a form of validation of the method.
The channel is designated as AISC C 6 x 8.2 (inches)
The angle is designated as AISC L 3 x 2½ x ¼ (inches)

The AISC manual of steel construction provides tables that to not directly specify the slope and radii of the sections.
This example shows methods of deriving suitable entry data in such cases.
Go to File/New and start a new drawing with the scale settings (8, 0.125, 8). That gives a 10 unit height for working
space, 0.125 unit grid spacing and a major grid every 8 grid spaces.
Go to Utilities/Merge basic shape. The published tables provide the following relevant dimensional data:
d=6
b = 1.92
Tw = 0.2
Tf(ave) = 0.343
k = 13/16 or 0.8125
k = distance from top of flange to termination of the radius on the web.
Furthermore, the preface to the tables in the construction manual indicates that the slopes of all tapered flange
sections are approximately 1 to 6. So the slope would be 0.16667
Ro is often taken to be Tftip which can be calculated and entered by double clicking on the Ro label after you enter the
slope.
You can configure the input to match the AISC entry requirement by checking the appropriate boxes on the dialog.
On the dialog, check the block to Use average flange thickness since that is what the AISC tables present. Also
check the box to use k in lieu of the inside radius. Enter the following values.
d = 6.0
b = 1.92
Tw = 0.200
Tf(ave) = 0.343
k = 0.8125
Slope = 0.16667
Ro = 0.2* (Click the Ro label to automatically use the tip flange thickness)
Radius points = 10
Notice that the diagram for the channel shape has a green diamond on the left corner of the lower flange. This marks
the anchor point that is used to locate and place the shape.

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Press OK and a dialog appears requesting the X, Y location where the anchor will be placed on the drawing surface
that you previously created. Use X=0, Y=0 to place the channel left lower corner right on the drawing origin.

You could solve it now and compare the results with the AISC manual for the channel section
Value AISC Profiler
Area 2.4 2.412
Ix 13.1 13.16
Iy 0.693 0.678
This is a reasonable comparison since the outside radius is simply an estimate as to what was used in the table
preparation. The AISC radii are actually based on a conservative canvassing of manufacturer variations.
The L sections are to be placed on the back side of the channel with its long side horizontal as part of the section
base.
Go to Utilities/Merge basic shape. The published tables provide the following relevant dimensional data:
d = 3, b = 2.5, T = 0.25, k = 0.625
k = distance from outside of the one leg to termination of the radius on the opposite leg.
The inside radius calculated from the same equation above with the slope set to zero is simply
k – Tf = 0.125
Estimate the outside chamfer radius as 0.0625 or about ½ the inside radius.
Enter:
d=3
b = 2.5
Tw = 0.25
Tf = 0.25
Ri = 0.125
Ro = 0.0625
Radius points = 10

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Since we want this section lying down on the vertical side, check the box to rotate the section 90 degrees counter
clockwise. (Note: you can’t always lay it just the way you want on initial entry but it can always be selected and
rotated, flipped, and translated to any position you want after it is merged onto the drawing). The section will rotate
about the green anchor point shown in the section diagram.

Press OK and a dialog appears requesting the X, Y location where the anchor will be placed on the drawing surface
that you previously created. Use X=0, Y=0 to place the channel left lower corner right on the drawing origin.

You can now solve for the section properties of the T section.
Value AISC Profiler
Area 3.71 3.72
Ix 18.5 18.56
Iy 3.6 3.55
For further validation, you can also generate the L portion alone and check its values against the published ones.
Value AISC Profiler
Area 1.31 1.314
Ix 1.17 1.171
Iy 0.743 0.741
Xctr 0.661 0.659
Yctr 0.911 0.908
Tan(a) 0.684 0.683
This example shows that about any composite set of standard shapes can be assembled with very little detail
drawing.

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 Guide to the CADRE Profiler samples

THINCHANNEL.PF2
Thin 0.0005 thick 4 x 3 channel

These sections can challenge the calculation methods so care must be taken. Also, the pixel method is exceptionally
poor for these types of sections and should not be used. For the geometric method, the calculation can suffer if the
grid origin is located inside or very near the thickness of the parts. The position shown in this model (with the screen
origin in the very center of the "C" will give good results even with this ultra thin section.
This model is made from the Utilities/Merge basic shape method with the Tw and Tf settings at 0.0005. In spite of
the very thin section, if care is taken with location of the origin, the answers are very precise.

Z(AA standard)4x306.PF2
Z 4.00 x 3-3/16 x 2.85 (American Aluminum standard Z)

This model is created with the Basis Shapes module using data out of the Aluminum Design Manual
=== Input data ===
d=4
b1 = 3.062
b2 = 3.062
t = 0.25
Ri = 0.312
Ro = 0.25
Radius points = 8
The shape anchor point is on the lower heel.
Locate at:
X = -0.125
Y = -2.0

The Design manual gives:

A=2.42
Ix = 6.31
Iy = 4.01
Iyp = 1.08

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 Guide to the CADRE Profiler samples
Angle = 36.78 degrees

CADRE Pro gives

A=2.421
Ix = 6.315
Iy = 4.001
Ixp = 9.233
Iyp = 1.083
Angle = 36.755

Z(KINGSPAN)141X56.PF2
Kingspan Z 141 x 56 (141x56x51x1.5) millimeters

This file is used to illustrate merging and inverted version of itself to create a double Z section.
See file Z(Kingspan)141x56-doubled.prpbelow.

Z(KINGSPAN)141X56-Doubled.PF2
Kingspan Z 141 x 56 (141x56x51x1.5) millimeters

Z sections are often designed with different size lips and flanges so that they can be inverted and meshed together to
make a stronger section. This section is made by merging the single Z section with itself then inverting (flipping
vertical and also horizontal) and translating to mesh.

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