Guide for the TOEFL Test

Speaking Question 1
Have questions about TOEFL Speaking question 1?
We have sample questions, example responses, and a whole lot more.
Let’s take a closer look at each of the TOEFL Speaking questions, starting with question one.
TOEFL Speaking question one is 60 seconds in total.
You have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to speak. But you might be thinking, “How
can I prepare and deliver a response in just 60 seconds?”
Here’s how:

1. Choose a side and stick to it – Do not argue both sides

2. Take notes like a pro – Write down short notes that include your reasons and
examples

3. Be casual – Imagine you are speaking to a friend

4. Plan in advance what you are going to say – Choose an introductory phrase to use
every time

5. Make your life easier: follow a template – Create your own template and practice

In this article, we will take you through each step of the way so that you will feel
comfortable and confident no matter what type of question you get for TOEFL Speaking
question one.
Let’s take a quick look at the structure of TOEFL Speaking question one.
Here’s an image from one of ETS’ complete tests at their official website.

*Image courtesy of ETS. Retrieved

from: [Link]
All you have to do is read the question and give your opinion. While all of the questions ask
about your opinion, they will be in one of the following formats:

Question Type #1: Personal Preference “Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and Q
start work. Others prefer to get up later and work until late at night. Which do you prefer?” A
D
a
t
s
 s
s
u

Question Type #3: Three Choices “For your last assignment, the professor expects you to create a Q
presentation. You can work alone, with a partner, or with a group. Which would you choose?” A
D
t
a
P
a
d
h
w

But how is the time divided in TOEFL Speaking question one?

You have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to speak. Here’s what you must do during
your preparation time:

Get access to your Templates and Strategies for TOEFLSpeaking 26+ guide so you can learn
exactly how to answer each TOEFL Speaking question.
Tip #1: Choose a side and stick to it!
While the instructions are being read, first look over the question and make sure you
understand it. Then, you have to choose a side.
There are four question types in TOEFL Speaking question #1(Personal Preference, Agree or
Disagree, Three Choices, Advantages and Disadvantages), and all of them ask for your
opinion.
Let’s look at an example:
Would you prefer to work at one job your entire life or to switch jobs every five years?
This is a Personal Preference question and you will have to decide if you would
either a) prefer to work at one job your entire life, OR b) prefer to switch jobs every five
years.
Do not say, “Well it depends on the situation. A piece of me feels like it’s better to work at
one job for five years, but on the other hand…”
Do not do that. Choose one side and stick to it. Your answer will be clearer, your speech will
be more direct, and your response will be more organized if you choose a side and stick to
it.
Check out this one-sided response:
Speaking Task 1: Sample Answer
Would you prefer to work at one job your entire life or to switch jobs every five years?
Explain your response with details and examples.
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To me, I definitely think that it is better to switch jobs every five years because old jobs get
boring and new places are exciting. I remember when I worked at a school in New York, and
at first, everything was new and interesting but by the fifth year, I was tired of taking the
same train to go to the same building every day. On top of that, starting a new job is a new
opportunity. For example, after my job in New York, I moved to Japan and started teaching
English to children, which was completely different. It motivated me to learn and expand my
knowledge. So, to sum up, if I had to choose, I would definitely opt for changing my job every
five years.
Remember, no matter the question type, pick the first answer that pops in your head, and
stick to one side of the argument. you need to give a one-sided opinion.
Want to see more examples? Check out over 100 more questions for the TOEFL Speaking
here.
Tip #2: Take notes like a pro!
Now that you have chosen a side, you need to think of at least one reason to support your
opinion AND a personal example that supports your reason. Granted, this is a lot to think
about and remember in a short amount of time during a stressful exam, so what do you do?
Write it down.
Let’s look at another question:
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “Co-workers make the best friends.”
And here are my notes:
Look, you will develop your own style over time. It is okay if your notes do not look like
mine. And remember, you only need to have one reason and one example.
The reason why I suggest keeping a few notes is because it will help you remember what
you want to say when it comes time to speak.
On test day, you will be provided with a paper and pencil. Use that to write down a few
notes about what you want to say while you have 15 seconds to prepare your response.
Remember, these notes are for you, to trigger your own memory. There is no right or
wrong way, as long as they will help you remember what to say when the time comes!
Now you are prepared to give your response to TOEFL Speaking question one. Here’s what
you should do in that 45 seconds.
Tip #3: Be casual
The TOEFL Speaking exam is testing if you feel comfortable and confident while speaking
English, so you should sound as natural as possible.
Imagine you are having a casual conversation with a friend when you are answering. You are
not giving a speech, and you are not reporting back to a professor. You are just talking about
your feelings on a particular topic.
Listen to this example and notice the casual tone.
You have decided that you will learn a new hobby. Which of the following would you
choose?
1. Study a new language
2. Learn how to play an instrument
3. Join a sports team
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To me, joining a sports team would definitely be the new hobby I would choose to learn. For
one, playing sports is an excellent way to make new friends. It can be difficult to meet people
these days, especially ones that share a common interest. But, if you enjoy the sport, your
teammates will obviously enjoy it too. Another reason I would choose to join a sports team is
because it keeps you fit. When I used to play volleyball, it was very physical. I never had to
go to the gym, because I was able to stay healthy by playing volleyball every week. These
are the reasons why, if I had to learn a new hobby, I would definitely join a sports team.
See how natural and casual he sounds? This is how you want to deliver your answers on test
day.
Tip #4: Plan in advance what you are going to say
This might sound crazy because you don’t know what question you are going to get, and
that is true, BUT you do know that they are going to ask for your opinion on question one.
Therefore, you can and should plan in advance how you will start your answer.
Let’s take a look again at the sample answer to the question:
Would you prefer to work at one job your entire life or to switch jobs every five years?
Speaking Task 1: Sample Answer
Would you prefer to work at one job your entire life or to switch jobs every five years?
Explain your response with details and examples.
Audio Player
00:00
00:00
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.

To me, I definitely think that it is better to switch jobs every five years because old jobs get
boring and new places are exciting. I remember when I worked at a school in New York, and
at first, everything was new and interesting but by the fifth year, I was tired of taking the
same train to go to the same building every day. On top of that, starting a new job is a new
opportunity. For example, after my job in New York, I moved to Japan and started teaching
English to children, which was completely different. It motivated me to learn and expand my
knowledge. So, to sum up, if I had to choose, I would definitely opt for changing my job every
five years.
It starts with the phrase:
“To me, I definitely think that…”.
This is an example of an introductory phrase that could be used to answer any of the TOEFL
Speaking Questions one.
Here it is again, in the negative form, to the question:
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “Co-workers make the best friends.”
Speaking Task 1: Sample Answer
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
“Co-workers make the best friends.”
Provide details and examples to explain your opinion.
Audio Player
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To me, I definitely do not think that co-workers make good friends because it is best to keep
your work and personal life separate. I remember when I worked at an English school in
South Korea, I had a co-worker who had a bit too much to drink at a work party. After that,
everyone in the office looked at him differently. Also, even if you are friends with your
colleagues, the relationship often ends when one of you leaves the job. For example, at that
same job in Korea, when my friend Andrew unexpectedly quit and moved to another school
in Seoul, we hardly ever spoke since we were no longer in the same office together. That’s
why I think that co-workers do not make very good friends.
The same phrase:
“To me, I definitely do (not) think that…”
Now, it’s your turn to choose your own introductory phrase that you plan on using every
time. Here are some more ways you can start your TOEFL Speaking response, no matter the
question:
 To me, I definitely think that…
 I feel that…
 Personally speaking…
 To be honest…
 I’ve never thought about this before, but…
 I have to say that…
This will make you more confident when it comes time to start speaking because you
already know the first few words you are going to say!
Tip #5: Make your life easier: follow a template!
Okay, you have started speaking with your planned introductory phrase, now what? Follow
a template to structure your answer!
You can use pre-planned phrases for the following reasons:

 Introducing your response

 Concluding your response
 Introducing your personal example
 Giving your opinion

Introducing your response: Concluding your response:

 To me, I definitely think that…  So, that’s why...
 I feel that…  As you can see…
 Personally speaking…  To make a long story sh
 To be honest…
 I’ve never thought about this before, but…
 I have to say that…

Introducing your personal example: Giving your opinion:

 Take ... as an example...  In my opinion...
 One example of this is...  I do believe that…
  I remember when...  I definitely think that…
 I once heard about...  If I were asked, I would
 I will never forget when…  To be honest…

Here’s my response to the question:

To me, I definitely do not think that co-workers make good friends because it is best to keep
your work and personal life separate.
I remember when I worked at an English school in South Korea, I had a co-worker who had a
bit too much to drink at a work party. After that, everyone in the office looked at him
differently.
Also, even if you are friends with your colleagues, the relationship often ends when one of
you leaves the job. For example, at that same job in Korea, when my friend Andrew
unexpectedly quit and moved to another school in Seoul, we hardly ever spoke since we
were no longer in the same office together.
That’s why I think that co-workers do not make very good friends.
Here’s a basic template you can follow for answering nearly any TOEFL Speaking question
one.

Basic Template: Question 1

Template Content Ti

 Restate the question

To me, I definitely think
 Give your opinion 0-10 S
that...  One specific reason for your opinion

I remember when...  A personal example or anecdote connected to your reason 11-22 S

*On top of that...  State the second reason for your opinion 23-27 S

 Provide a personal example or anecdote connected to the second

*For example... reason 28-40 S

 Restate your opinion

So, to sum up...  Restate the question 41-45 S

So, choose your own template and practice, practice, practice!

And I should have mentioned this earlier, but if you more of a video person (I certainly am!)
you can watch this video guide to TOEFL Speaking question one.
Guide for the TOEFL Test
Speaking Question 2
Have questions about TOEFL Speaking question 2?
We have sample questions, example responses, and a whole lot more.
Now it’s time to move on to the integrated part of the TOEFL Speaking section, starting with
question two.
TOEFL Speaking question two has three parts.
1. You will have 50 seconds to read either an announcement or letter to a campus
newspaper talking about a change to the university’s policies.
2. You will then listen to a recording between 60-90 seconds of two students discussing
the change. One student will express a strong opinion either for or against it and
reasons why. This is the student you need to pay attention to.
3. After the reading and listening passages, you will be asked to explain why the
student from the recording agrees or disagrees with the change.
You will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
HOW DO WE ANSWER THIS?
You are probably thinking:
“How am I supposed to fit all this information in a 60-second-response?”
And how the heck can I plan it all in 30 seconds!
Here’s how:

1. Read the passage and take notes fast – Your notes will help when it is time to
answer the question.

2. Listen for the counterpoints – The listening passage will most likely disagree with
the change from the reading.

3. Plan your response like a pro – You only have 30 seconds to prepare. This is how
you do it.

4. How to give a high-scoring response – The most important consideration in all

TOEFL Speaking responses is to sound comfortable and natural while you speak.

5. Listen to a real TOEFL student’s response – One of the best ways to learn is to hear
examples from others.

6. Create an easy-to-remember template – We have a wide range of words and

phrases for you to use on test day no matter what the topic.
If you want to take your TOEFL studies one step further, you can download our free PDF that
includes over 100 Speaking Topics for the TOEFL Test
Let’s take a quick look at a real example of a TOEFL Speaking question two.
First, the reading section. You will have 45 seconds to take notes.
The library is in desperate need of more staff. The librarians are so overworked and
exhausted. They have to run around tired trying to help students, and everyone ends up
waiting an extremely long time. The library gets backed-up and no one wins. Even though
there are some student workers, they are not much use. They don’t know what they’re
doing, so the librarians have to do all the work. The school should hire some more
professional librarians to assist our busy and crowded library as soon as possible. Remember
everyone, finals are just around the corner, and we need a functioning library before then!
Sincerely,
Tamara Schull
Tip #1: Read the passage and take notes fast
Remember, as mentioned above, write down the main argument and supporting details in
as few words as possible.
Let’s take a quick look at the structure of TOEFL Speaking question two.
The library is in desperate need of more staff. The librarians are so overworked and
exhausted. They have to run around tired trying to help students, and everyone ends up
waiting an extremely long time. The library gets backed-up and no one wins. Even
though there are some student workers, they are not much use. They don’t know what
they’re doing, so the librarians have to do all the work. The school should hire some more
professional librarians to assist our busy and crowded library as soon as possible. Remember
everyone, finals are just around the corner, and we need a functioning library before then!
Sincerely,
Tamara Schull
NOTES

Reading Listening

(Main idea)
More Librarians needed

(Supporting detail 1)
Librarians overworked

(Supporting detail 2)
Student librarians useless

Notice I barely had to write anything, but the structure of my response is beginning to take
shape.
Tip #2: Listen for the counterpoints
Now let’s listen to the students talking about the letter.
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Listen carefully for the student who does most of the talking to disagree with the reasons
mentioned in the reading. These are called the counterpoints.
After you listen, you can check out the transcript below. I have highlighted some of the
important parts.
Transcript
Woman: Hey Adam, what’s new?
Man: Not much. I just finished reading this letter in the paper.
Woman: Oh, Tamara’s?
Man: Yeah, that’s the one.
Woman: What did you think?
Man: I completely disagree with her. I don’t think there is anything wrong with the library.
Woman: Well, it does get backed-up sometimes.
Man: Only for an hour or so, and that is right after classes let out. The rest of the time it is
completely empty. If some students could just wait until later, they could get help no
problem and the librarians wouldn’t get so far behind. That’s the only reason it seems so
busy.
Woman: Yeah, I suppose you are right.
Man: And, I can’t believe she thinks that the student workers in the library don’t know what
they are doing. I know a few of them, and I think that they actually know more than the
librarians. One time I needed to find something online for class, and the librarian working
didn’t know what I was talking about. However, the student worker helped me find it, print
it, and I turned it in no problem.
Woman: Well, if that’s the case, even more librarians probably wouldn’t help then.
Man: Exactly. I hope the school doesn’t take her letter seriously.
COMPLETED NOTES

Reading Listening

More Librarians needed Library good

Librarians overworked Only busy 1 hr, can come later

Student librarians useless Student librarians great; know more than

Do not worry about spelling or writing complete sentences in your notes.

Pro tip: Sometimes, the speaker agrees with the change. If this happens, simply write down
the reasons why he/she agrees and use those instead.
Tip #3: Plan your response like a pro
After the listening, you will see this screen
Now answer the question.
The man expresses his opinion on the increase in library staff. State his opinion and explain
the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
Preparation Time: 30 seconds
Response Time: 60 seconds
Planning your response should be easy. Just number your notes, and presto, you have
talking points.
 Reading Listening

1. More Librarians needed 4. Library good

2. Librarians overworked 5. Only busy 1 hr, can come later

3. Student librarians useless 6. Student librarians great; know more th

1. Letter says uni needs more librarians

2. librarians overworked
3. librarians useless
4. man disagrees, says library good
5. Only busy 1 hr
6. Student librarians awesome
Your notes don’t have to be a Shakespearean sonnet. You do not even have to worry about
correct grammar or spelling. The most important thing is that you understand your notes
and that they help you.
Tip #4: How to give a high-scoring response
After your 30 seconds to prepare, you will have 60 seconds to present your amazing
response. Here are some tips to help you:
1. Be casual – The TOEFL Speaking exam is testing if you feel comfortable and confident
while speaking English, so you should sound as natural as possible.
2. Imagine you are a reporter and have to explain this story to people who do not
know anything about this topic. Start from the beginning and progress in a smooth
and logical manner.
3. Don’t read your notes! This is why we advise only writing a few words and phrases
so you don’t spend all your time staring down at your paper. If your head is down,
you lose your natural intonation and this will kill your score. Your head should be up
at all times.
4. Don’t give your opinion! Remember you are only reporting on what the
announcement/letter said and if the student agreed or disagreed and why. You
should never find yourself saying the words “ I think,” or “In my opinion,” on this
question.
Pro tip: If time management is an issue, you can always skip the supporting details in the
reading because they will be indirectly covered when you explain why the student from the
listening agrees or disagrees.
Tip #5: Listen to a high-scoring sample response
Now take a look at a high-scoring sample response to this question:
Audio Player
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The student’s letter proposes an increased amount of staff working at the library. In it, the
author notes that the library is too busy. She feels that the librarians are overworked and
that the student workers do not have the necessary qualifications to help students. In
response, the man in the conversation totally disagrees with the author. To start, he explains
that the library is not busy most of the time. In fact, it is almost always empty. He says that
it is only busy for an hour right after class. Secondly, he has talked with some of the student
workers in the library, and he feels that they actually know more than the librarians. As you
can see, the man clearly does not believe that the school needs to hire more librarians.
See how natural and casual she sounds? This is how you want to deliver your answers on
test day.
Tip #6: Create an easy-to-remember template
While it is true you won’t know the passages you will get on test day for TOEFL Speaking
question two, but there are still several key phrases you should commit to memory.

1. Introductory phrases
2. Transitional phrases
3. Agree or disagree phrase
4. Concluding phrase
Introductory phrases:
I always use one of two opening phrases. If the reading is an announcement, which happens
70% of the time, I open with
“The university announces plans to………..”
If the reading is a letter to the campus newspaper, I open with
“The student in the letter proposes to the university that……”
Knowing how to start is key, especially for test-takers who struggle with anxiety.
Transitional phrases:
Transitional phrases connect ideas and provide you with time to think. Here are a few
common ones you can use for TOEFL Speaking question two:
 Firstly,
 Secondly,
 Also,
 This is because
 He/she argues that
 Additionally,
 Moreover
And many more! Always use these when you are introducing new supporting details.
Agree or disagree phrase:
Here are a few phrases you can use, depending on whether or not the speaker in the
listening agrees or disagrees:
(disagrees) → “However, the man/woman completely disagrees with this plan.”
(agrees) → “In fact, the man/women completely support this idea.”
Concluding phrase:
Although not officially necessary, you could include a conclusion in the last few seconds of
your response to TOEFL Speaking question two.
Keep it short and sweet.
“That is why the student agrees/disagrees with the announcement/letter.”
“As you can see, the man/woman clearly agrees/disagrees…”

Basic Template: Question 2

Template Cont

 Intr
the
The reading passage (announces a change on campus/proposes a change to campus
pass
policy).  Stat
In particular... (state the change or proposal). chan
prop

 Tran
the
con
 Stat
The man/woman in the conversation is (in favor of/against) this idea.
spea
To start he/she says that.. (explain the lot reason for their stance). opin
 Stat
spec
reas

 Stat
seco
Secondly, he/she explains that (describe the 2nd reason for their stance) spec
reas
  Rest
As you can see, the man/woman in the listening clearly agrees/disagrees with this plan. spea
stan

Here is the sample response with some of these important words and phrases highlighted:
The student’s letter proposes an increased amount of staff working at the library. In it, the
author notes that the library is too busy. She feels that the librarians are overworked and
that the student workers do not have the necessary qualifications to help students. In
response, the man in the conversation totally disagrees with the author. To start, he
explains that the library is not busy most of the time. In fact, it is almost always empty. He
says that it is only busy for an hour right after class. Secondly, he has talked with some of
the student workers in the library, and he feels that they actually know more than the
librarians. As you can see, the man clearly does not believe that the school needs to hire
more librarians.
And if you are more of a video person (I certainly am!) you can watch this video guide to
TOEFL Speaking question two.
Other articles
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 1
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 3
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 4
Questions, Topics and Sample Answers for the Speaking Section of the TOEFL Test
Check other articles on TOEFL
Conclusion
Phew, you made it to the end!
So, let’s recap:

1. Read the passage and take notes fast – Your notes will help when it is time to
answer the question.
2. Listen for the counterpoints – The listening passage will most likely disagree with
the change from the reading.
3. Plan your response like a pro – You only have 30 seconds to prepare. This is how
you do it.
4. How to give a high-scoring response – The most important consideration in all
TOEFL Speaking responses is to sound comfortable and natural while you speak.
5. Listen to a real TOEFL student’s response – One of the best ways to learn is to hear
examples from others.
6. Create an easy-to-remember template – We have a wide range of words and
phrases for you to use on test day no matter what the topic.

Guide for the TOEFL Test

Speaking Question 3
Have questions about TOEFL Speaking question 3?
We have sample questions, example responses, and a whole lot more.
You are doing great so far!
You have already read about TOEFL Speaking questions one and two.
Time to talk about TOEFL Speaking question three.
TOEFL Speaking question three consists of both a reading passage and a recorded lecture
about the same topic. You will take notes on both and then give a paraphrased summary
drawing on information from both sources. You will have 30 seconds to prepare and 60
seconds to speak.
You might be thinking, how can I prepare and deliver a response in just 60 seconds?
Here’s how:

1. Take notes like a pro – Write down short notes on the reading passage and just
enough notes on the lecture to help you when it is time to speak.

2. Be casual – Imagine you are a teacher, trying to explain this to a child.

3. Plan in advance what you are going to say – Review your notes before you speak
so you know exactly what to say.

4. Make your life easier: follow a template – Create your own template and practice
until you can do it in your sleep.
In this article, we will take you through each step so that you will feel comfortable and
confident no matter what topic you get for TOEFL Speaking question three.
Let’s take a quick look at the structure of TOEFL Speaking question three.
1st – You have 45 seconds to read a short paragraph (about 100 words)
2nd – The reading disappears and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. The
lecture will be between 60-90 seconds.
3rd – The question will appear. You have 30 seconds to prepare your response.
4th – Time to speak. You will have 60 seconds to speak.
Here’s an example from TST Prep’s Test #13:
Speaking Task 3
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Directions: You will now read a short passage and then listen to a lecture on the same topic.
You will then be asked a question about the passages. After you hear the question, you will
have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
You have 45 seconds to read the passage below. You may begin reading now.
Compassionate Consumerism
Compassionate consumerism is a relatively new trend in the American retail market. In this
type of consumerism, when individuals make a purchase a portion of the money they pay is
allocated to a charitable cause. Nowadays, individuals often look for ways to contribute to
the betterment of humanity, but they don’t always have the financial resources to do so.
Compassionate consumerism appears to be a good middle ground. While critics feel that it’s
only a marketing ploy aimed at appealing to people in their 20s and 30s, others applaud the
effort. They argue that it is desirable for companies to sacrifice profits in order to help those
in need.
Now listen to a lecture about this topic in a business class
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Now answer the question.

Using the examples from the lecture, explain what compassionate consumerism is and how
it works.
Preparation Time: 30 seconds
Response Time: 60 seconds
Get access to your Templates and Strategies for TOEFLSpeaking 26+ guide so you can learn
exactly how to answer each TOEFL Speaking question.
Tip #1: Take notes like a pro
First, you will be given a reading topic of about 80 to 120 words. Your goal is to skim and
write down several key pieces of information.
 T stands for topic. This is usually the title.
 D stands for definition. This is usually stated in the first or second sentence.
 AN stands for additional notes. 45 seconds is not a lot of time, but if you can, write
down any additional information you think is important.
Let’s look at an example:
Speaking Task 3
Directions: You will now read a short passage and then listen to a lecture on the same topic.
You will then be asked a question about the [Link] you hear the question, you will
have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. You have 45 seconds to
read the passage below. You may begin reading now.
Mimicry
According to evolutionary biology, there are various features that living organisms have
developed in order to adapt to their environment and to survive in it. While most people are
familiar with characteristics like camouflage, mimicry is another common defense
mechanism. Mimicry is when one species copies or mimics the look of another animal that is
better adapted to the environment. Living things that use mimicry might copy the size,
shape, color, smell, or behavior of another to either attract a mate, find food, or avoid
predators. In some cases, they may even adopt several of these traits simultaneously.
In our notes, T stands for the topic which is always the title so that’s easy.
T (topic): Mimicry
D (definition): one species looks like another that is better adapted
AN (additional notes): – copy size, shape, smell, color
– attract a mate, find food, avoid predators
Pro tip: When you write your notes, stick to a few paraphrased words. This is because you
will not have time to write down everything
You will then listen and take notes from the lecture using the following format.
Example 1:
Details:
Example 2:
Details:
Here is an example from the lecturer on Mimicry
Example 1: harmless animal look like a more dangerous one
Details: king snake, chgs color to look like a poison snake
Example 2: behavior of others
Details: Drongo birds copy the call of other birds
– scare away other birds to get food
So, in the end, your notes may look like this:

Reading Listening

T mimicry EX1: harmless animal look like a more

one species looks like another that is better SD1: King snake try to look like red po
D
adapted

AN copy size, shape, smell, color EX2: Animals copy behaviors of other

attract a mate, find food, avoid predators SD2: Drongo bird copies sound of dan
AN
food

Pro tip: Although the above example contains some full words and phrases, simply writing
one or two words to help you remember is also fine.
Tip #2: How to Sound Casual
The TOEFL Speaking exam is testing if you feel comfortable and confident while speaking
English, so you should sound as natural as possible.
One approach that is quite popular is to imagine you are a parent explaining this topic to
your children.
Listen to this example and notice the casual tone.
Speaking Task 3: Sample Answer
Audio Player
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00:00
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.

The reading passage goes into detail about mimicry, which is when one animal will try to
copy some aspect of another animal in order to survive. At first, the lecturer talks about the
king snake. Now, this snake isn’t poisonous, but it knows how to change its skin to red so it
looks like a coral snake, which is poisonous. The professor also mentions the drongo bird,
which has learned to mimic the sound of other birds. So, after these other birds have killed
some prey, the drongo bird will start copying their alarm sound; signaling that there are
predators nearby. The birds soon fly away, and the drongo bird enjoys a free meal. As you
can see, both the king snake and drongo bird use mimicry to help them survive and thrive.
See how natural and casual he sounds? This is how you want to deliver your answers on test
day.
Tip #3: Plan your response
If you have taken good notes, then planning what to say will be straight forward.
Let’s take a look again at the sample answer to the question on Mimicry
The reading passage goes into detail about mimicry, which is when one animal will try to
copy some aspect of another animal in order to survive. At first, the lecturer talks about the
king snake. Now, this snake isn’t poisonous, but it knows how to change its skin to red so it
looks like a coral snake, which is poisonous. The professor also mentions the drongo bird,
which has learned to mimic the sound of other birds. So, after these other birds have killed
some prey, the drongo bird will start copying their alarm sound; signaling that there are
predators nearby. The birds soon fly away, and the drongo bird enjoys a free meal. As you
can see, both the king snake and drongo bird use mimicry to help them survive and thrive.
Notice how this follows the order of your notes?

Reading Listening

T mimicry EX1: harmless animal look like a more

one species looks like another that is better SD1: King snake try to look like red po
D
adapted

AN copy size, shape, smell, color EX2: Animals copy behaviors of other

attract a mate, find food, avoid predators SD2: Drongo bird copies sound of dan
AN
food
Pro Tip: This particular response decided not to use the supporting details from the reading,
but if you are a fast speaker, it would be advisable to do so.
Tip #4: Follow a template
There are a few key phrases you should memorize and use for every practice question, so by
the time you get to the real question three, you won’t be confused as to how to start. Below
are common phrases that work almost every time:

1. The introduction phrase: “ Both the reading and the lecture discuss…….X”
2. The definition phrase: “ X essentially means that………….”
3. Transitioning from the reading to the lecturer: “The professor clearly illustrates this
by providing the example(s) of…….”
4. Common transition phrases for developing points, such as: “also, in addition,
moreover, as a result, consequently,” and many more. Pick a few of your favorites
and practice using them in every question you answer.
5. Conclusion phrase: “this is how the professor explains X.”

Basic Template: Question 3

Template Con

 In
th
re
According to the reading (topic) is (topic definition) to
 D
to

 Tr
to
In the lecture, the professor delves deeper into this subject by providing on example of/two le
examples of (topic).  St
ex
 Ex
To start the lecturer explains that (first example of topic)
fi
ex

He/She goes on to say (second example of topic)  St

se
ex
 Ex
se
 ex

 Pr
So, after listening I now have a better understanding of what (topic) is. co
to

This will make you more confident when it comes time to start speaking because you
already know the first few words you are going to say!
Other articles
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 1
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 2
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 4
Questions, Topics and Sample Answers for the Speaking Section of the TOEFL Test
Check other articles on TOEFL
Conclusion

Phew, you made it to the end!

So, let’s recap:

1. Take notes like a pro – Write down short notes on the reading passage and just
enough notes on the lecture to help you when it is time to speak.
2. Be casual – Imagine you are a teacher, trying to explain this to a child.
3. Plan in advance what you are going to say – Review your notes before you speak so
you know exactly what to say.
4. Make your life easier: follow a template – Create your own template and practice
until you can do it in your sleep.
Guide for the TOEFL Test
Speaking Question 4
Have questions about TOEFL Speaking question 4?
We have sample questions, example responses, and a whole lot more.
Congratulations on reaching the final question in your TOEFL Speaking journey! Let’s talk
about TOEFL question four and how to master it.
TOEFL Speaking question four asks you to listen to an academic lecture and then summarize
it in your own words. How can you paraphrase an entire lecture in 60 seconds? It’s easier
than you think.
Here’s how:

1. Write out your note structure first – Knowing what information you are looking for
will help you take better notes and filter out the noise.

2. Identify the definition and example – The professor in the listening will describe
the topic and provide a few examples of it. Write this down in your notes.

3. Use transitional phrases – When it is time to speak, move smoothly between ideas
by using the language ETS wants to hear.

4. Think and speak like a teacher – You will sound more natural if you imagine
explaining the topic to a child.

In this article, we will take you through each step so that you will feel comfortable and
confident no matter what topic you get for TOEFL Speaking question four.
Let’s take a quick look at the structure of TOEFL Speaking question four.
1st – You will listen to an academic lecturer that typically lasts between 90-120 seconds.
2nd – The question will appear. You have 20 seconds to prepare your response.
3rd – Time to speak. You will have 60 seconds to speak.
We are going to take an in-depth look at TOEFL Speaking Question four. Listen to an
example from one of our complete tests first so you can get an idea of what to expect on
test day.
Speaking Task 4
Audio Player
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00:00
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.

Directions: You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about
it. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60
seconds to speak.
Now, listen to part of a lecture in a business studies class
Audio Player
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00:00
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.

Now answer the question

Using points and details from the talk, explain what equity compensation is, and why
companies might offer it to employees.
Preparation Time: 20 seconds
Response Time: 60 seconds
Speaking Task 4: Transcript
“OK, so, let’s continue our discussion of employee compensation. Today, I’d like to discuss a
less common method of compensation, namely equity-based pay. In simple terms, under
equity-based compensation, employees of the business receive part ownership of the
company. This is usually in the form of shares or stocks. So, basically, employees are paid a
usual hourly wage or yearly salary, but they also receive additional stock in the company.
While this may sound like it cuts into profits, equity-based compensation could, in fact, help
save a company money.
One benefit of equity based compensation is that it stops employees from leaving. Staff
turnover, which is when employees quit, can be a big expense for many companies. Initial
training takes weeks or even months, and is costly since trainees are not yet ready to
contribute to the company’s bottom line. Some businesses feel that offering equity to
employees makes them less likely to leave. The reason is that equity compensation plans
typically reward employees with more stock the longer they stay with the company.
Not only can a company save money by utilizing an equity-based pay structure, but they may
actually generate more profits by paying their workers in this manner. You see, another
potential advantage of providing employees with stock options is that they are more likely to
work harder to ensure the long-term success of the business. After all, if the company does
well, its stock value will go up and any employee who owns equity will see their personal
wealth rise too. Indeed, employees may actually go above and beyond their normal work
duties to share information about their work on social media, email, and in conversation
about their great job and its unique pay structure.”
Now that you have practiced with a real example from the TOEFL test, let’s go step-by-step
through the process of listening to the lecture and answering the question well.
If you want to take your TOEFL studies one step further, you can download our free PDF that
includes over 100 Speaking Topics for the TOEFL Test
Tip #1: Write out your note structure first
First, you will listen to an academic lecture. However, before the recording even begins,
have your notes set up in the proper way.
Topic:
Definition:
Example 1:
Details:
Example 2:
Details:
Tip #2: Identify the topic definition and examples
T: Stands for the topic. This topic is always found at the beginning of the lecture.
“OK, so, let’s continue our discussion of employee compensation. Today, I’d like to discuss a
less common method of compensation, namely equity-based pay. In simple terms, under
equity-based compensation, employees of the business receive part ownership of the
company. This is usually in the form of shares or stocks.“
In this example the topic is “equity based pay” and the definition is “when employees of the
business receive part ownership of the company.”
T: equity based pay
D: employees get part ownership
After the professor has stated the topic and defined it, he or she has to explain the
information in more detail. For example, if the topic is about McDonald’s and the definition
is an American fast-food company, you can expect the lecturer to give two examples like
“they serve American food like hamburgers and French fries” and “they have over 10,00
locations in over 50 different countries”.
The idea is simple, after introducing the topic, the professor has to give more information to
explain, in this situation the professor says:
“OK, so, let’s continue our discussion of employee compensation. Today, I’d like to discuss a
less common method of compensation, namely equity-based pay. In simple terms, under
equity-based compensation, employees of the business receive part ownership of the
company. This is usually in the form of shares or stocks. So, basically, employees are paid a
usual hourly wage or yearly salary, but they also receive additional stock in the company.
While this may sound like it cuts into profits, equity-based compensation could, in fact, help
save a company money.
One benefit of equity based compensation is that it stops employees from leaving. Staff
turnover, which is when employees quit, can be a big expense for many companies. Initial
training takes weeks or even months and is costly since trainees are not yet ready to
contribute to the company’s bottom line. Some businesses feel that offering equity to
employees makes them less likely to leave. The reason is that equity compensation plans
typically reward employees with more stock the longer they stay with the company.
Not only can a company save money by utilizing an equity-based pay structure, but they may
actually generate more profits by paying their workers in this manner. You see, another
potential advantage of providing employees with stock options is that they are more likely to
work harder to ensure the long-term success of the business. After all, if the company does
well, its stock value will go up and any employee who owns equity will see their personal
wealth rise too. Indeed, employees may actually go above and beyond their normal work
duties to share information about their work on social media, email, and in conversation
about their great job and its unique pay structure.”
So at this point, you should have the following information written down in your notes:
T: equity based pay
D: employees get part ownership
Ex1: 1 benefit, stops employees from leaving
D:
Ex2: benefit, employees work harder for success
Now you have a solid structure. As you listen to the rest of the lecture write down anything
you think is important under the correct example.
Pro tip: You do not need to write full sentences or even complete words. Just enough so you
can remember when you speak.
“OK, so, let’s continue our discussion of employee compensation. Today, I’d like to discuss a
less common method of compensation, namely equity-based pay. In simple terms, under
equity-based compensation, employees of the business receive part ownership of the
company. This is usually in the form of shares or stocks. So, basically, employees are paid a
usual hourly wage or yearly salary, but they also receive additional stock in the company.
While this may sound like it cuts into profits, equity-based compensation could, in fact, help
save a company money.
One benefit of equity based compensation is that it stops employees from leaving. Staff
turnover, which is when employees quit, can be a big expense for many companies. Initial
training takes weeks or even months and is costly since trainees are not yet ready to
contribute to the company’s bottom line. Some businesses feel that offering equity to
employees makes them less likely to leave. The reason is that equity compensation plans
typically reward employees with more stock the longer they stay with the company.
Not only can a company save money by utilizing an equity-based pay structure, but they may
actually generate more profits by paying their workers in this manner. You see, another
potential advantage of providing employees with stock options is that they are more likely to
work harder to ensure the long-term success of the business. After all, if the company does
well, its stock value will go up and any employee who owns equity will see their personal
wealth rise too. Indeed, employees may actually go above and beyond their normal work
duties to share information about their work on social media, email, and in conversation
about their great job and its unique pay structure.”
Here is an example of a good setup for your notes:
T: equity-based pay
D: employees get part ownership
Ex1: 1 benefit, stops employees from leaving

D: – staff turnover = big expense

– training employees is expensive
– people stay longer with equity

Ex2: benefit, employees work harder for success

D: – stock goes up, employee wage rises
– may share on social media
Tip #3: Use transitional phrases
Now as you prepare to speak, be sure to arm yourself with a memorized set of transition
phrases.
What are transition phrases?
These are useful expressions to help you transition between ideas. Here are a few examples
you probably already know:
  However,
 First of all
 For example
 In conclusion
Let’s start at the beginning of your response to question four. The good thing about the
question is you can use the same introduction each time, such as:
“The professor in the lecture is talking about……….”
Then you will introduce the topic and a brief definition. For example,
“The professor in the lecturer is talking about equity-based compensation, which is basically
when a company gives its employees stocks, in addition to their usual pay. ”
Then you can transition to the first example:
“First, the professor talks about…….”
Then talk about the first example:
“First, the professor talks about how equity-based compensation is a great way to keep
employees for a longer period of time.”
Introducing the second example is even easier. You can use any one of these simple
transition phrases:
 Also
 In addition
 Not to mention that
 Moreover
 Plus
Finally, with a few seconds left, go for a simple but effective conclusion
“And that is how the professor illustrates……(topic)”
Pro Tip: As you practice, be sure to practice with a timer to ensure you are on pace.

Basic Template: Question 4

Template Content

 Introduc
topic
The professor goes into a ton of detail about (topic), which (detail/definition)  Elaborat
topic

After introducing the topic, the lecturer mentions that (example 1 including details)...  Introduc
example
 Give det
about fir
 example

 Introduc
second e
He/She goes on to say that (example 2 including details)  Give det
about se
example

 Wrap it u
So, after hearing this lecture, I now have a better understanding of (topic). a conclus

Tip #4: Sound like a teacher

Wait, don’t skip this part! Many people lose points on their response because they make
one key mistake.
 When speaking, don’t try and read your notes. If you sound like you are reading,
your score will be lower. Instead, pretend you are a teacher explaining this topic to a
student.
You can listen to this example response to get an idea of how you should sound on test day.

Audio Player
00:00
00:00
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.

Other articles
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 1
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 2
Guide for the TOEFL Test Speaking Question 3
Questions, Topics and Sample Answers for the Speaking Section of the TOEFL Test
Check other articles on TOEFL
Conclusion

Well, that about sums it up…

So, let’s recap:

1. Write out your note structure first– Knowing what information you are looking for
will help you take better notes and filter out the noise.
2. Identify the definition and examples – The professor in the listening will describe
the topic and provide a few examples of it. Write this down in your notes.
3. Use transitional phrases – When it is time to speak, move smoothly between ideas
by using the language ETS wants to hear.
4. Think and speak like a teacher – You will sound more natural if you imagine
explaining the topic to a child.