BUILDING ORAL
LANGUAGE SKILL
FOR LITERACY
DEVELOPMENT
GRETEL LAURA M. CADIONG, EdD.
Education Program Supervisor
Schools Division of Tacloban City
Region 8, Eastern Visayas
09/03/2023 [email protected] 1
Preliminaries
1. To divide the whole class, please follow the following groupings:
• Region 4A - Group 1; Group 2
• Region 4B - Group 3
• Region 5 - Group 4
• NCR - Group 5
2. Choose a task director, a scribe, a rapporteur, a time-keeper, a
resource manager and the task players.
3. Use the same groupings throughout the session and if applicable,
for other sessions.
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• Explain the importance of oral
Explain language development in
building literacy
At the end of • identify factors that will help
the session, Identify develop the oral skills of the
learners;
the
participants • determine effective activities
should be able Determine that promote oral language
development; and
to:
• prepare sample activities that
Prepare will develop and assess oral
language skill
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What do you know about oral language?
ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.
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Rank the domains according to how it
naturally transpire in the process of
beginning reading instruction
ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.
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Give a name of an activity which you
think is apt for oral language skill
development
ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.
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See
what
you
know!
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[email protected] 1. For 5 minutes, watch a short video with your group. Take down
notes how the conversation goes with the child and his mother. Look
for information how oral language development is facilitated.
2. After watching the video, discuss with your group.
3. Your group will be given questions to guide your discussion.
4. You have 20 minutes to formulate your group’s insights and ideas.
5. Write down the insights briefly on a Manila Paper.
5. After the given time, the group’s rapporteur will share the insights
and ideas to the big group.
6. The rapporteur will have 3 to 5 minutes to report the group’s
insights.
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Say what
you
know!
Big Group Sharing
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What kind of interaction was happening
between the child and his mother?
Is the child a reader already?
Do you think this kind of story reading is
done by the teachers in school? Why?
Why must this kind of story reading be
employed?
Why do you think the mother is “talking while
reading”?
What skill is the focus when “talking while
reading”?
What manifests when the child has oral
language skill?
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What were some strategies that the mother
employed to elicit the child’s oral language skill
during the story reading?
If you were to do the same, what other
strategies would you use?
Was there an opportunity given to build on
vocabulary?
How was it done?
Why should vocabulary building be part of
the process in oral skill development?
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Would this kind of interaction be an
avenue for the child to learn how to read?
Explain how this activity could be
used as springboard to teach reading.
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• Communicating with others through
speaking and listening
• The child’s first, most important and
What is most frequently used structured
medium of communication.
ORAL (Cregan,1998)
LANGUAGE?
• Oral language acquisition is a natural
process for children. (Alex &
Kortner,1995)
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The BIG SIX of READING
Why ORAL
LANGUAGE
in READING?
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Adapted from R. Villaneza’s Presentation
Domains of Literacy in the K to 12 Curriculum
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What experts say…
Oral language functions as a
foundation for literacy and as the
means of learning in school and Oral language
out. (Fillmore & Snow, 2002) development is a
critical foundation
for reading, writing,
and spelling, and it
If children come to a reading with a strong is the “engine” of
oral language base, they can build further
learning and
on that base, establishing a reciprocal
thinking. (National
relationship between oral language and Institute for Literacy,
reading. It is because oral language will 2009)
contribute to development in reading,
which in turn, will contribute to
development in oral language. (Shiel, et al,
2012)
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Adapted from R. Villaneza’s Presentation
The literacy learning process begins with speaking-talking about the children’s
experiences, about themselves. It is through speech that children learn to
organize their thinking and focus their idea. (Lyle,1993)
If the printed words can be efficiently recognized, comprehension of connected
text depends heavily on the reader’s oral language abilities. (Snow et al.,1998)
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PHONOLOGICAL SKILLS Brooke, E. , www.lexialearning.com
An awareness of sounds
such as syllables and
rhymes
MORPHOLOGICAL
SEMANTICS OR
SKILLS
VOCABULARY
Understanding the
Understanding the meaning
meaning of words and
of words and phrases
ORAL parts
LANGUAGE
SYNTAX PRAGMATICS
Understanding word Understanding the social
order and grammar rules rules of communication
AREAS OF ORAL LANGUAGE IN RELATION TO READING
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[email protected] Adapted from R. Villaneza’s Presentation
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The real score…
“There is evidence that some teachers may have struggled to
implement this component because the underlying framework
was unclear to them”
(NCCA, 2012, pg. 10)
Oral language development is often missing from reading and
writing programs, leaving teachers to wonder why their students are
still struggling or taking longer than expected to become proficient
speakers and readers.
(Reeder & Baxa, 2020)
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Listen to the
teachers’
thoughts…
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It would be good, if
there would be a
demonstration teaching
or we will be made to
observe a class where a
teacher teaches oral
language so we would
have a complete
understanding on how
we can teach it.
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In the TG, the expected
competencies are stated
as objectives, also there
are activities being
suggested which for me
are appropriate for oral
skills development. But
in the LM most activities
will make the pupils
write or color but not to
talk or express
themselves.
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It is more on reading
and writing. Even items
to assess or evaluate
the pupils’
performance require
them to write.
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Maybe this is the reason
why most children could
not talk or express ideas….
because in our activities
and assessment we make
our pupils write their
answers while they listen
to us, instead of allowing
them to talk. This is the
idea we that we have in
teaching oral language
skill.
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Let’s peek into reality…
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Adding the fact
that….
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Could this be a
factor why
READING
PROBLEMS
OCCUR in our
classrooms?
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Studies prove that…
The weaknesses in some dimensions in oral language such as receptive and expressive
vocabulary, phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge can lead to the occurrence
of significant reading problems. (Snow, et al., 1998)
Children with a history of oral language impairment are more likely to present with
reading difficulties than their peers. (Catts, Fey, Zhang, & Tomblin, 2001)
If children do not have a solid foundation in oral language, communicating effectively
and learning to read can be a long and difficult process. Children’s speaking and listening
lead the way for their reading and writing skills, and together these language skills are
the primary tools of the mind for all future learning. (Roskos, Tabors, & Lenhart, 2009).
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Can we do something about this?
YES!
Teachers can do it in a systematic
and explicit instruction to develop,
improve and sustain the oral
language skill of our learners.
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See how to work
things out…
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Maximize the learners’ innate propensity to talk,
to tell stories, to ask, in a language they are at
home with.
Employ activities in the classroom that will
promote the use of the learners’ natural
language facility.
Consider the developmental stages in language
learning which is an aid in learning how to read.
• listen speak read write
Fully comprehend, appreciate and follow our
Curriculum, specifically the Language Arts and
Multiliteracies Curriculum in the Key Stage 1.
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What will help
develop oral
language skill?
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ENVIRONMENT
1. Create a print rich classroom
• Put on the walls tasks done in the
classroom (co-authored graphs and
charts, words learned from a story, etc.)
• Label objects/places that learners use
and hear
2. Organize a classroom library
3. Put up storytelling/make-believe areas (dress
up areas, character puppets, board stories)
4. Provide rituals and routines for children to
experiment with language.
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CONNECTIONS WITH LITERATURE
• Use storybooks that contain
strong storylines that invite
the children to visit and
revisit the content, as well as
initiate conversation related
to the books.
• Use books that contain
“interesting” words to stretch
the child’s vocabulary.
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DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE
ORAL LANGUAGE ACTIVITIES
• Carefully plan literacy activities
build on the language knowledge
of the children in the classroom so
that every child can participate in
the process.
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Ways to
do
things…
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Listening Activity
• Listening is one of the skills directly related to oral skill
development.
• Listening and reading require the use of similar thought
processes such as predicting and self-monitoring to
attend to the conveyed message for the construction of
meaning.
• Reading a word is much easier if it has first been heard.
• Listening skill should be taught in school explicitly
through games and other listening activities.
- I Spy
- Simon Says
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Show and Tell / Show and Ask
• Enables children to describe self-selected items they have
brought to school to share with other children.
• With the object in a bag or box, the child must give clues about
the chosen object, or the child may show the object and tells
something about it.
• For starters, the teacher may prod the learners to share ideas by
asking questions.
• Gives opportunities for learners to say out ideas or learn how to
ask questions.
• Can be used as springboard for a reading instruction by pre-
assigning objects to be brought ( e.g. objects that begin with Pp)
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Daily News
• Gives the learners the opportunity to tell their
stories
• Any story or news can be shared to the class; or the
teacher may assign a certain topic for sharing
• This allows learners to use words that they will later
read.
• This can be an avenue for learners to learn how to
construct stories and prepare them to write the
story structure later. 44
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Shared Reading
• Learners share in the process of story
reading by talking about the story
illustrations before the teacher reads
the text
• A rich venue for learners to learn
comprehension reading skills such as
getting the main idea, inferencing
and predicting outcomes.
• Learners get to connect their spoken
language to the written language,
thus, training the learners to
configure words to be decoded
because of the familiar structure of
the words they see in the big book.
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Meaning Track (through
Shared Reading)
• Facilitates the “talking with” the
learners
• Establishes the familiarity and
recognition of words that will be
read later (phonemic awareness)
• Forms the comprehension skill of
the learners
• Initiates self-confidence in the
learning process
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Inutusan ni nanay si Ana.
“Ana, halika. Bumili ka ng
asin sa tindahan ni Aling
Alita,” utos ni nanay kay
Ana.
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Pagdating niya sa tindahan
ni Aling Alita, marami
siyang nakitang paninda.
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May mga makukulay na
abaniko.
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May mga abokado at atis
din na paninda.
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Pero masayang-masaya siya
ng makita ang mga apa na
may kendi sa gitna.
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Wordless Book
Storytelling
• Stimulates the thinking of the learners by
figuring out what the story could be
through the pictures
• Train the learners’ oral language skills by
allowing them to tell the story as they
perceive or understand it.
• Creativity of the learners is likewise
encouraged as they can make different
versions or interpretations of the wordless
book.
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53
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Read Aloud
• Builds many important foundational skills,
introduces vocabulary, provides a model of
fluent, expressive reading, and helps children
recognize what reading for pleasure is all
about.
• Provides a means to allow learners to talk
and to give ideas as questions are asked in
story parts chosen by the teacher for a
purpose (vocabulary building, answering in
complete sentence, check the
comprehension)
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Picture Talk
• An activity that will prompt the learners to talk
through a picture provided by the teacher.
• Picture to be used must be a “busy picture” to
allow varied ideas to be talked about.
• Through questions, the teachers can prod the
learners to talk about the picture.
• Some questions are intended to elicit simple
descriptions, while others are intended to prompt
more exploratory talk, in the form of reasoning,
predicting and relating things to the learners’ own
experience
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Description questions:
• What do you think is happening in this picture?
• What are the people doing?
• How many girls are there? How many boys? How
many adults?
Reasoning questions:
• Point to an adult and ask, ‘Who do you think he is,
and what is he saying to the child?’
• Point to a child and ask, ‘What kind of boy he is?
Why do you say that?”
• Is it quiet or noisy? How can you tell?
Prediction questions:
• What will happen to the girl swinging her chair?
• What will happen after the event?
Relating to experience:
Have you ever been in a family gathering like this?
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Songs, Chants, Raps
• Songs, chants and raps are non-threatening
resources that creates a rich environment for
oral language development.
• Familiarize words and their meaning without
memorizing it.
• Learners get to learn grammar and sentence
structures without fear of making mistakes.
• Learners are trained to listen as they try to learn
the song and enjoy the rhythm and tune.
• Creates sound awareness within their brains that
could let them acquire [email protected]
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awareness 58
One, two, listen and do
Three, four, face the door.
Five, six, fingers on lips.
Seven, eight, line up straight.
Nine, ten, now the quiet
walking begins.
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A Bad Day
I overslept and missed my train,
Slipped on the sidewalk in the pouring rain,
Sprained my ankle,
Skinned my knees,
Broke my glasses,
Lost my keys,
Got stuck in the elevator, it wouldn't go.
Kicked it twice and stubbed my toe,
Bought a pen that didn't write,
Took it back and had a fight.
Went home angry,
Locked the door.
Crawled into bed.
Couldn't take any more.
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Rhymes, Limericks, Poems
• Rhyming words used in rhymes, limericks and poems help
the learners learn how to put these sounds together to
make words.
• Provides opportunity for learners to practice pitch, volume,
enunciation of words and the rhythm of the language.
• The patterns and repetitions help the learners easily recall
and memorize.
• These introduces alliteration (Goosie, goosie, gander..)
onomatopoeia (Baa, baa, black sheep..) and imaginative
imagery, that helps develop phonemic awareness, for
enriching the imagination of the learners and making them
more creative.
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The Little Plant
In the heart of a seed,
Buried deep so deep,
A tiny plant,
Lay fast asleep.
“Wake,” said the sunshine,
“And creep to the light.”
“Wake,” said the voice
Of the raindrops bright.
The little plant heard
And it rose to see,
What a wonderful,
Outside world might be.
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Finger Plays
▪ Listening to and doing fingerplays is the perfect way for
children to build their vocabulary and understanding of
the structure of language.
▪ Finger plays develop the learners’ auditory perception
(the ability to hear, distinguish, remember, focus on and
break up sound ) which is a very important pre-reading
skill.
• The movement of the hands which is usually from left to
right develop important reading skills such as
• the left-to-right progression of reading
• learning to absorb how the sequence of
what happened first, second, etc.
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Grandmother’s Glasses The Anthill
These are grandmother’s glasses. Once I saw an anthill,
And this is grandmother’s cap. With no ants about.
This is the way she folds her hands. So I said, “Little ants, will you please
come out?”
And puts them in her lap.
Then, one, two, three, four, five came
out!
And that was all.
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Children will
talk more if we…
• wait a few seconds before we reply to
what they say
• show you are listening
• talk about what they want to talk about
• talk about what they are doing
• use new words and repeat the new
words often
• avoid interrupting them
• avoid changing topics quickly
• Avoid correcting errors
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Track the learners…
See how far have they gone…
HOW?
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
EN1OL-IIIa-b – 1.17 Talk about oneself and one’s family
Tell me something about yourself.
1 2 3 4
Pupil Pupil Pupil Pupil
mentioned mentioned mentioned 4 mentioned
only his 2-3 details details about 5 or more
name about himself details
himself. about
himself.
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EN1LC-IVg-h-3.6 Follow one-to-two step directions
Go to the door and close it and
run back here.
1 2 3 4
Pupil Pupil Pupil Pupil
attempted to executed executed executed
do what has wrongly what incompletely accurately
been said. has been what has what has
said. been said been said.
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EN1OL-IVi-j-1.17.1Give one-to-two step directions
You ask your younger sister to keep her toys
away. What will you say? Can you give her at
least two instructions?
1 2 3 4
Pupil attempted Pupil give Pupil gave 1 Pupil gave 2
to say inaccurate accurate or more
something but direction. direction. accurate and
has not finished complete
it. directions.
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EN1G-IVf-j-5 Recognize describing words for people,
objects, things and places (color, shape, size, height,
weight, length, distance, etc.)
Show a red ball.
Say: Tell me something about the object I am
holding.
1 2 3 4
Pupil says “ball” Pupil says Pupil says Pupil says “It
“ a ball” “ A red ball.” is a red ball.”
( or tell more
something
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about it.) 70
EN1OL-IVd- 1.3.4 Talk about topics of interest
Tell me what you think about this picture.
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Assessing comprehension skills through Oral
Language Assessment
1. What is the boy doing?
2. Where could he be going?
3. Can you tell me at least three
events that the boy did before
he change into his school
uniform?
4. What do you think will happen
next?
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Let’s get
things
done!
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Using the following strategies, show how oral language
development and literacy instruction can be facilitated
in the classroom
1. Shared Reading
2. Picture Talk
3. Songs and chants
4. Rhymes, Limericks and Poems
5. Wordless Storybook
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Make an assessment task on Oral Language Skill
with the following competencies:
1. EN1OL-IIIa-b – 1.17 Talk about oneself and one’s family
2. EN1OL-IIIa-e – 1.5 Use common expressions and polite
greetings
3. EN1LC-IVg-h-3.6 Follow one-to-two step directions
4. EN1OL-IVi-j-1.17.1Give one-to-two step directions
5. EN1OL-IVd- 1.3.4 Talk about topics of interest
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Thank
you!
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