prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

A combination of textbook-workbook on Daily English Conversation and

Communication for students of EFF (English as a Foreign Language) or
ESL (English as a Second Language).

Muhammad Hameed Nickzad

Copyright ©2015 Muhammad Hameed Nickzad

All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or by any system of information, storage or
retrieval without written permission from the author.

[email protected]

Cell-phone#: +93 (0) 782 180 073

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Introduction

Recent development in technology, plus the world of globalization have caused our classroom
to change substantially. Nowadays, the teacher needs to understand a lot more about
technology and new methods of teaching than he/she used to. It is not enough to be fluent in
the English Language to be able to teach it. If you do not possess the skills of teaching a
Language, you will be left behind.

This Daily conversation book was created thinking about the specific needs of the ESL-
EFL students. It is meant to serve as a useful guide to aid in the development of the fluency
needed in and out of the classroom.

About this book

Think of this way:

When you build a house, what do you build first? Do you install the roof before the
foundation? Never. You lay the foundation first.

That’s also the way to build correct habits on using the language, from its very own
foundation.

This book does exactly that. It begins from the foundation o language: the parts of speech.
It goes into each and every one of them in a brief yet comprehension way, from the simple
ones like nouns to the more complex ones like auxiliary verbs. Then it goes into using those
parts of speech correctly in conversation.

Because of the grammar and communication requirements of our world, this

modernized and up-to-date series offers these characteristics:

 General exercises which help the students develop all four basic skills:
 Listening Speaking
 Reading Writing
 Different conversations, with exercises, practices, and comprehension tests.
 General practice and reviews of all materials.

This book is as complete as humanly possible.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Preface
This book is a comprehensive English conversation, comprehension, and grammar text all rolled into
one, suitable for students who are able to write decently and would like to work on English
pronunciation and speaking skills. After each conversation, there are exercises for students to test
their understanding of what was said in each conversation, as well as exercises for students to
practice using key phrases and using correct grammar. There are a variety of different
conversational topics included in this book that are designed to help prepare students for different
situations they may encounter in daily life where they will interact with English speaking people,
whether it be in school, at work, or even at a doctor‟s office.
These conversations will provide students with more exposure to the American culture because they
reflect aspects of the American life. One thing to note is that although abbreviations of words are
commonly used in conversations, this book will not use abbreviations in order to show
students the proper tenses that should be used in sentences. Abbreviations are only used when it is
most necessary to avoid awkwardness in the sentence.
A great deal of thought and effort was put into the production of this book and we are proud to
present it in the hope that it will aid students in their quest to gain proficiency in English, both
written and spoken. From the bottom of our hearts, we wish each and every one of our readers the
best of luck in all their endeavors and remember: practice is key!

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Contents

Section I) DAILY LIFE

Chapter 1 Talking About The Weather

Chapter 2 An Afternoon in The Kitchen

Chapter 3 Telephone Conversation

Chapter 4 An Afternoon In The Park

Chapter 5 Weekend Plans

Chapter 6 Winter Break Plans

Chapter 7 A Visit to the Doctor’s Office

Chapter 8 Going to the Market

Chapter 9 I Need Help!

Chapter 10 Looking for an Apartment

Chapter 11 Formal Conversation

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER ONE
TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER

Situation: Ann and Mary talk while walking to their next class.

Ann: Oh, it feels so cold this morning.

Mary: It sure is. Early this morning my car‟s windshield was covered with frost. I had to spray it
with water before I could head to school.

Ann: Who would have thought it could be this cold in early December, especially in California.

Mary: I know. The temperature was 35 degrees Fahrenheit when I woke up this morning. I was
freezing as soon as I got out of bed. The cold weather just hit me by surprise.

Ann: I cannot remember when it was this cold in early December.

Mary: Brace yourself for the rain this afternoon. Cold and wet, Yuck!

Ann: It is going to rain this afternoon?

Mary: Not only this afternoon, but also the rest of the week.

Ann: Oh, it is going to be miserable. I have a full class schedule today and tomorrow. To walk from
class to class, I will have to juggle my books and my umbrella trying not to get wet.

Mary: You carry too many books. Why don‟t you leave some of them in your locker?

Ann: My locker is a long way from my English classes. This is the reason why I carry all my books
with me. Is it going to rain hard or just drizzle?

Mary: The news said that it would start to drizzle around noon, and then it would rain really hard by
three o‟clock.

Ann: No hope for better weather this week?

Mary: There is a slim chance of sunshine by Saturday. However, it will be foggy, windy, and rainy
before the sun comes out this weekend.

Ann: I am glad that it rains even though I do not like rainy weather. We have a very dry season so
far this year.

Mary: Yes, I can hardly remember when it rained last time. Well, as long as there is no thunder or
lightning, I can bear it.

Ann: We rarely have thunder or lightning in California.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Mary: We are very lucky that California has one of the best weather conditions in America.
When it is hot, it is not humid; when it rains, there is no thunder or lightning, and the cold
weather during the winter season is quite mild compared to the weather of the other states.

Ann: Yes, we are lucky. However, sometimes when I look at the Christmas pictures, I just wish
we had some snow. It looks so pretty when everything is covered by a blanket of pure white
snow.

Mary: Living in southern California all my life, I have never seen snow. I would not mind playing
in the snow once in a while.

Ann: Yes, it would be fun to make a snowman or go skiing.

Mary: We have never seen snow; we have never made a snowman, and we have never gone skiing.
We better do something about this.

Ann: May be we should plan a trip to Aspen, Colorado during winter break. I heard that the skiing
season is fantastic up there.

Mary: I don‟t think we can afford a trip to Aspen. It is very expensive up there.

Ann: I am just wishing. I know what I will be doing during winter break. I will be working very
hard to save money for a new car.

Mary: With the cars that we drive, it is better that we live in a place where there is no snow.

Ann: You are right, we are better off with no snow. Ok, I have class right now; see you later in the
library.

Mary: See you later.

EXPRESSIONS
1- It feels so cold:
2- Who would have thought?
3- Hit me by surprise:
4- Brace oneself for:
5- The rest of the week:
6- Juggle my books and my umbrella:
7- Is a long way from:
8- Drizzle:
9- There is a slim chance:
10- Before the sun comes out:
11- I can bear it:
12- I would not mind:
13- Be better off:
14- It would be fun:
15- Plan a trip:

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice
Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.
Q: Was it cold last night?
A: Yes, it was.

Q: Was it hot yesterday?

A: No, it was not.

Q: Was it very windy when you went to the store?

A: No, it was quite nice.

Q: What did the news say?

A: The news said that it would rain.

Q: How will it be during the weekend?

A: It will be foggy, windy, and rainy.

Q: Is it humid in California?
A: No, it is never humid in California.

Q: Is it going to be warm tonight?

A: No, it will be chilly tonight.

Q: How will it be tomorrow?

A: There is a slight chance of rain tomorrow.

Q: Is it going to be sunny tomorrow?

A: No, it will be hazy tomorrow.

Q: How was the weather in Denver last week?

A: It was cloudy last week.

Comprehension test
a) How was the weather this morning?
b) What happened to Mary‟s car?
c) What did Mary do to her car?
d) What was the temperature when Mary woke up?
e) How will it be in the afternoon?
f) How long will it be raining?
g) How is the weather until the weekend?
h) Why will it be difficult for Ann when it rains this afternoon?
i) When will it start raining really hard?
j) How will it be during the coming weekend?
k) What kind of season did they have so far this year?
l) Why is the weather in California better than the weather in the other states?
m) What is Ann wishing for?
n) Why does Ann suggest a trip to Aspen?
o) Can they afford a trip to Aspen?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Discussion
a)What kinds of weather do you have in your country?
b) Describe a perfect weather.
c) Where would you want to live if you have a choice?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
NOUNS:
1) Nouns can be classified as either common nouns or proper nouns:
A)Common nouns are used to refer to people, animals, things and places in general.
Student
Cat
Umbrella
Beach

Common nouns can be singular or plural.

Singular nouns are used when there is one person, one animal or one thing.
One week
An umbrella

Plural nouns are used when more than one person, more than one thing or more than one place are
mentioned. To form a plural noun, simply add -s to the end of the word.
Two weeks
Many umbrellas

Exceptions:
1) For nouns that end with -ch, -s, -sh, -x and -z; add -es to form plural nouns.
Peach, peaches - Bus, buses

2) For nouns that end with a consonant followed by -y, change -y to -i, and then add -es. Body,
bodies
Party, parties

3) For nouns that end with a vowel followed by -y, add -s to form plural nouns.
Toy, toys - Boy, boys

4) For nouns that end with -fe or - f, change - f to -v, and then add -es.
Life, lives - Leaf, leaves

Note:
Some nouns do not follow this rule.
Example: roof, - roofs;
chief, - chiefs.

5) For nouns that end with -o preceded by a vowel, simply add -s. However, if -o is preceded by a
consonant, add -es.
Patio, - patios

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 Potato, - potatoes
Note:

Some nouns do not follow this rule.

Example: piano, - pianos;
photo, - photos.

6) Some nouns completely change when they become plural.

Child, - children
Mouse, - mice
Foot, - feet.

7) Some nouns are singular even though they end in -s.

The news is very depressing.
Mathematics is not easy to understand sometimes.

8) Some nouns are always plural.

My pants are very comfortable.
The scissors are very sharp

9) Some nouns are the same in singular and plural form.

Fish, - fish
Equipment, - equipment

10) Some nouns come from adjectives, and are considered plural nouns. They are
always preceded by the.
The rich have many expensive hobbies.
Sometimes the young have a lot of wild ideas.

B) Proper nouns are used to name specific persons, things or places, and are always capitalized. Some
examples are:
Mary Aspen California

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.

Q: Did you see a boy wandering around here?

A: No, I saw four boys wandering around here.

Q: How many peaches did you buy?

A: I just bought one peach.

Q: Are you talking about Jane and John‟s parties?

A: No, I am just talking about John‟s party?

Q: Are these your children?

A: No, that is my child.

Q: Did you hurt both feet?

A: No, I only hurt my left foot

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: Do you want an apple for lunch?
A: No, I want two apples.

Q: Who is living in this neighborhood?

A: Only the rich live in this neighborhood

Q: Who needs a lot of medical care?

A: The old need a lot of medical care.

Q: Who is that girl in the blue dress?

A: Oh, that is Suzanne.

Q: Where are we?

A: We are at San Pedro beach.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER TWO
AN AFTERNOON IN THE KITCHEN

Situation: Mrs. Anderson is baking cakes when her daughter Debbie gets home from school.

Debbie: Mom, I am home.

Mrs. Anderson: How was school? How did you do on the test?

Debbie: School was OK, and I did great on the test. Mom, I was so worried about that test , but now I feel
great. What a relief!

Mrs. Anderson: I am glad to hear that. You have been studying so hard the past few weeks. Now, you
can relax and enjoy life.

Debbie: What are you cooking? It smells so good.

Mrs. Anderson: I am baking cakes. This is your favorite carrot cake.

Debbie: It looks really yummy. And I see muffins over there too. You were busy, weren‟t you?

Mrs. Anderson: Yes. Jeff has to take something to school tomorrow. So, those muffins are for him.
Don‟t touch them.

Debbie: Can I have a piece of carrot cake? I want to enjoy life right now.

Mrs. Anderson: You don‟t want to wait until after dinner?

Debbie: It looks inviting, and I bet it is delicious. No, I don‟t want to wait. Can I, mom?

Mrs. Anderson: OK, go ahead.

Debbie: Did you see the new recipe that was posted on Today Cooking‟s website? I believe it was called
Scrumptious Pie.

Mrs. Anderson: No, I did not. But I want to try that recipe. Your dad loves pie.

Debbie: So do I.

Mrs. Anderson: So does Jeff. Our whole family is crazy about pie.

Debbie: When do you want to try the new recipe? I want to learn too. Should we bake a cherry pie or an
apple pie?
Mrs. Anderson: Since this is the cherry season, let‟s make a cherry pie. Tomorrow, I will get some
cherries at the supermarket, and we can start baking in the afternoon when you get home from school.

Debbie: I need to finish a science project, and I will not get home until 3:30. Will it be too late to start
baking, mom? If it is, you can start without me.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Mrs. Anderson: 3:30 PM is fine. I will prepare dinner early, and then I will have everything ready for
our baking session before you get home.

Debbie: Make sure that we still have enough sugar and eggs, mom. It seems like you were using a lot of
sugar and eggs baking the cakes and muffins today.

Mrs. Anderson: Don‟t worry. We still have plenty of sugar and a lot of eggs, enough to make at least ten
pies.

Debbie: Ten pies, huh? Ten sounds like a good number, but let‟s not overdo it. Let‟s make nine and a half
pies instead.

Mrs. Anderson: OK, we will make nine and a half pies tomorrow. No more, no less.

Debbie: It is a deal.

Mrs. Anderson: Enough about baking pies. I need to start working on today‟s dinner. It is three o‟clock
already. Your dad and Jeff will be home soon. I am sure they will be very hungry and will want dinner
right away.

Debbie: What do we have for dinner tonight?

Mrs. Anderson: I will make roast beef and cream of mushroom soup.

Debbie: It has been a long time since you made cream of mushroom soup. Do you need any help,
mom?

Mrs. Anderson: No, go do your homework and leave the cooking to me.

Debbie: Thanks, mom. Call me whenever dinner is ready. I do not want to be late for roast beef, cream of
mushroom soup, carrot cake and muffins.

Mrs. Anderson: The muffins are for Jeff. Do not touch them!

Debbie: I know, mom. Just kidding.

EXPRESSIONS
1- How was school?.
2- I did great on the test.
3- I feel great.
4- What a relief!
5- Enjoy life:
6- It is a piece of cake.
7- t looks inviting.
8- It is delicious.
9- Go ahead!
10- So do I.
11- Be crazy about something.
12- In the afternoon.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 13- Get home from school.
14- Don’t worry!
15- Let’s not overdo it.
16- No more, no less.
17- It is a deal.
18- It has been a long time since.
19- Do you need any help?
20- Leave the cooking to me:
21- Just kidding!.

EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of two students. Have one student plays the role of Mrs.
Anderson, and another the role of Debbie.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: What are you doing?

A: I am preparing breakfast.

Q: What is she cooking?

A: She is cooking steak.

Q: What is your plan after work?

A: I plan to bake a cake for Mary.

Q: Is the turkey ready?

A: No, it is not done yet.

Q: How do you like your steak? Rare, medium or well done?

A: Well done, please.

Q: What happened to the ribs?

A: I overcooked them, and they were burned.

Q: How should I bake the cherry pie?

A: Bake it at 350 degrees for 30 minutes.

Q: How is my chicken soup?

A: It is very tasty.

Q: How is my fish?
A: It tastes very good.

Q: How is my stew?
A: Not too sweet, not too salty. Just perfect.

Q: Do you like my muffins?

A: I love them.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: What should I put in my stew?
A: A lot of ingredients besides salt.

3) Comprehension test
a) Why is Debbie feeling great?
b) What kind of cake does Debbie like?
c) Why did Mrs. Anderson bake muffins?
d) Why does Debbie want a piece of cake now?
e) What is the name of the new recipe that Debbie saw on Today Cooking‟s website?
f) Why does Mrs. Anderson want to bake a cherry pie?
g) When will Debbie get home tomorrow? Why?
h) How many pies will they bake tomorrow?
i) What will Jeff want when he gets home?
j) What will Mrs. Anderson cook for dinner?
k) Why doesn‟t Debbie want to be late for dinner?

4) Discussion
a) Should boys learn how to cook?
c) What is the most popular cake or food in your country?
d) What is your favorite baking recipe?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
NOUNS
Common nouns can be classified as either count or noncount nouns.

Count nouns refer to people, animals, things or places that can be counted. Count nouns can be singular
or plural and are generally preceded by words indicating quantity or number (one, four, many, several, a
few, every, a lot of) or by an article (a, an, the).
An afternoon
A science project
The new recipe
Ten pies

A and an are indefinite articles and do not point to any person, animal, thing or place in particular.
I drove by a gas station before I got home
yesterday. I saw a blue 1950 Corvette on my
way to work.

A and an always precede a singular noun. Use the indefinite article a before words which start
with a consonant, a sounded h (example: a horse) or a long u (example: a utensil). Use an before words
which start with a vowel, except long u, and before words beginning with a silent h
(example: an hour)
A cherry pie
A house
An apple pie
An urgent message

The is a definite article and is used to indicate a specific person, animal, thing or place.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

The can precede singular or plural nouns.
Did you see the new recipe that was posted on Today Cooking’s website? I looked at the new houses on
Bolsa Street yesterday.

The is not used with nouns indicating people, animals or things in general.
Most of the times, cats do not like dogs. (No the because we are talking about cats and dogs in general)
I hate to listen to distressing news. (No the because we are talking about distressing news in general)

2) Noncount Nouns:
Noncount nouns refer to anything that cannot be counted such as:
a) Substances: water, air, sugar
b) Abstractions: luck, bravery, beauty
c) Fields of study or sports: chemistry, baseball

Noncount nouns are usually preceded by words such as some, much, a little, and are always expressed in
the singular form with a few exceptions.
You were using a lot of sugar (vs. you were using a lot of eggs) She needs some encouragement before
taking the test.

Note:
Noncount nouns that refer to abstractions, sports, fields of study usually are not preceded by an article or
any other word.
He watches baseball every weekend.
I do not like physics
The company expects loyalty from its employees.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions and answers.
1- Q: Does your son like soccer?
A: No, my son likes basketball.

2- Q: Can you speak English?

A: I can speak excellent English.

3- Q: Would you like some coffee?

A: Yes, please.

4- Q: How much salt should I put in the soup?

A: Just a little bit.

5- Q: How many oranges did you buy?

A: Just a few.

6- Q: How much water do you need?

A: Not too much.

7- Q: How many cakes did you bake?

A: Not too many.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 8- Q: what do the Milikan high school‟s students want for sport?
A: They want to play football.

9- Q: How do wild animals survive during the winter?

A: With great difficulties.

10- Q: How are the houses on Bolsa Street?

A: They are very small.

11- Q: How long does it take you to clean a house?

A: On an average, it takes me an hour to clean a house.

12- Q: What did you put in your soup?

A: I put in a little bit of salt and a lot of tomatoes.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER THREE

TELEPHONE CONVERSATION

Situation: Lisa is having some problems with her exercise bike, and she is calling Sport Center to
have it repaired.

Nancy: Thank you for calling Sports Center. May I help you?

Lisa: I bought an exercise bike from your store last year, and I am having problems with it. I need to
have it repaired.

Nancy: Let me connect you to the Service department. One moment please.

Karen: Service department, this is Karen. How can I help you?

Lisa: I bought an exercise bike from Sports Center last year and it needs to be repaired.

Karen: What seems to be the problem?

Lisa: I am not very sure, but I think there is a problem with the bike‟s computer console because the
LCD screen does not display the different features.

Karen: Nothing was on when you pushed the Start button?

Lisa: No, nothing.

Karen: What is your bike model?

Lisa: It is a 126 Upright Ford Bike.

Karen: I can send a technician out to take a look at your bike. It will cost $75.00 for labor. Also, if we
have to replace any parts, that will be extra.

Lisa: That is expensive. Isn‟t the repair cost covered by warranty?

Karen: When exactly did you purchase your bike?

Lisa: About fifteen months ago.

Karen: I am sorry. The standard warranty only covers a year. Did you buy extra warranty coverage at
the time of purchase?

Lisa: No, I did not. Are there any other options besides paying $75.00 for repair labor?

Karen: No, I am afraid not.

Lisa: I guess I just have to pay for the repair. When can you send a technician?

Karen: I have next Thursday November the twenty third at 2:00PM available. Otherwise, the next date

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

has to be December the eighth at 10:00AM.

Lisa: I take this coming Thursday. Will you send out a reminder?

Karen: Somebody will give you a call the evening before to confirm the appointment.

Lisa: Will the technician accept credit card payment?

Karen: Yes, he will. By the way, you can buy the extra warranty coverage now if you want to.

Lisa: How much does it cost?

Karen: Fifty dollars for one-year warranty, seventy-five dollars for two-years, and a hundred dollars
for three-years.

Lisa: Does it cover both labor and materials?

Karen: It covers everything. Do you want to sign up for it?

Lisa: Oh, I do not know.

Karen: It will be good for you. We will send a technician any times the bike needs services. It does
not matter how many times you call us in a year. Also, if we cannot fix the problem, we will provide
you with a new exercise bike.

Lisa: OK, I want to sign up for the two-year warranty program.

Karen: I think it is a good investment. Are you going to pay by credit card now or do
you want me to send you a bill?

Lisa: Send me a bill, please.

Karen: One last thing before I let you go, I need your address please.

Lisa: 995 Silver Lake Street in Long Beach.

Karen: OK, it is all set. Is there anything else I can help you with today?

Lisa: No. Thank you for your help.

Karen: You are welcome. Have a nice day!

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

EXPRESSIONS
a. May I help you?
b. Have problems
c. Let me connect you to
d. One moment please
e. What kind of problems are you having?
f. I am not sure.
g. Display the different features.
h. That will be extra.
i. Covered by warranty.
j. About fifteen months ago.
k. Insurance coverage.
l. Options.
m. Otherwise.
n. Send out a reminder.
o. Confirm the appointment.
p. Accept credit card payment.
q. Need services.
r. Thank you for your help.
s. Have a nice day!.

EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of two students. Have one student plays the role of Nancy and Karen, and
another the role of Lisa.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions or greetings and
answers. Ask them to come up with similar questions or greetings and answers.

G: Hello, this is Natalie.

A: Hi, Natalie. This is Mary from the Accounting department.

G: Good morning. How may I help you?

A: Good morning, I have misplaced my hotel room key.

G: Hi, this is Jennifer.

A: Hi Jennifer, thank you for returning my call.

Q: May I speak to John please?

A: One moment. Let me connect you.

G: I was put on hold for a long time. I am still waiting for John.
A: I am so sorry. Let me connect you to John right now.

Q: Who is calling, please?

A: This is Tom Burt.

G: I need to speak to Richard Anderson.

A: Let me transfer you. Please hold.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

G: Sorry, Richard is in the field at the moment.
A: Could you take a message?

G: Sorry, Richard is not available at the moment.

A: Can I leave a message for Richard then?

Q: Richard is still on the line. Do you still wish to hold?

A: Yes, I will hold.

G: Thank you for holding. How may I help you?

A: I need some information on one of your products.

Q: May I have your account number?

A: Excuse me, but what account number?

Q: For verification, may I have your home address?

A: 1825 Palo Verde, Costa Mesa, Denver.

3) Comprehension test
a) Why is Lisa calling Sports Center?
b) Is Nancy able to help Lisa?
c) What kind of problem does Lisa have with her exercise bike?
d) What happened when Lisa pushed the Start button?
e) What is the model of Lisa‟s bike?
f) How much does it cost to have the bike repaired?
g) What will happen if the technician has to replace any parts?
h) Why is the bike no longer covered by the warranty policy?
i) When can Sports Center send a technician to Lisa‟s house?
j) What does Sports Center do to remind people of their appointment?
k) What types of payments does Sports Center accept?
l) What types of costs does the extra warranty policy cover?
m) How often can Lisa call for services under the extra warranty policy?

4) Discussion
a) Should we buy extra warranty when we purchase merchandises? Why? Why not?
b) What happened when things you bought break down?
c) What do you do for exercise?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
NOUNS
Roles of nouns
Nouns can perform a variety of roles such as:
A) Subject of a verb
My husband uses the bike every day.
The LCD screen does not display the different features.

B) Object of a verb

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

I want a bike.
My husband uses the bike every day.

C) Modifier of a verb
It feels cold this morning.
I will leave tomorrow.
He jogs today.

D) Modifier of a noun
I bought an exercise bike from your store. I love apple juice.
Possessives
When we want to indicate that a person, animal, thing or place belongs to another person, animal, thing
or place, we can use an apostrophe („) and -s to express ownership.

Example:
The bike’s computer console (= the computer console of the bike)
The car’s windshield (= the windshield of the car)

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.

Q: Who uses the bike every day?

A: My husband uses the bike every day.

Q: What is on that table?

A: A bouquet of flowers is on the table.

Q: What did you see on your way home?

A: I saw a beautiful sports car.

Q: What did you do yesterday?

A: I painted my house yesterday.

Q: When will he return?

A: He will return tomorrow.

Q: When can I see her?

A: You can see her today.

Q: Which key did you lose?

A: I lost my car key.

Q: What kind of cake did you bake?

A: I baked a carrot cake.

Q: Whose son was playing in my backyard?

A: That was Karen‟s son.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: Whose house was put on the market?
A: It was my cousin‟s house.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER FOUR
AN AFTERNOON AT THE PARK
Situation: Every year, Rooster Run, a country music band holds a concert at Silverado park.
Alex and his two friends are heading toward the park to attend the concert.

Alex: Hey Jane, John, there is a musical concert in the park. You want to go see the band play?

Jane: I am done with my homework; I can go.

John: Me too. Let‟s go.

Jane: Hey, look at that sport car. Isn‟t it neat?

Alex: That is exactly the kind of car that I want once I get a good job. I bet it is very fast. I want mine to
be red though.

Jane: Keep on dreaming, Alex. That car costs a fortune.

Alex: It does not hurt to set high expectations. Maybe one day I will make a lot of money, and I might
surprise you.

John: Talking about cars, why is the traffic so heavy today?

Alex: People are probably heading toward the park for the concert. The band does play pretty good
music.

Jane: Yes, it does. For the last three years, I have never missed the concert. I have always arranged my
schedule so that I could attend the event once the band was in town.

John: How long ago did the band start playing at our park?

Jane: I think it started this tradition five years ago before you moved into our neighborhood. Every year
it always arrives the first week of June to play for the whole week.

Alex: You will enjoy this evening, John. There will be good Country music, a lot of stomping around,
and definitely a lot of hollering.

John: It sounds like fun.

Jane: My favorite is Rock and Roll music; however, I have to say that country melodies can be quite
enticing. I can listen to them all day long.

Alex: John, what kind of music do you like?

John: Oh, I like all kinds of music as long as it is not Hard Rock.

Jane: Wow, look at the number of people who have already shown up for the concert. Good thing that
we are here already.

Alex: Jane, where do you want to sit? In the shade or in the sun?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Jane: In the shade, please. I have been in the sun too much lately.
John: There is a food stand over there. Do you two want anything?

Jane: Nothing for me, thanks. I already have my bottle of water.

Alex: I want a bag of chips and a soda. Are you sure you do not want any chips, Jane?

Jane: I am quite sure. Besides, my mother is cooking a good steak dinner, and I want to save my
appetite.

Alex: Jane, you are so lucky to have such a good cook for a mother. John, you have to taste her
cream cakes one of these days. You cannot find better cream cakes anywhere in this town.

Jane: I know we will have cream cake for dessert this evening. I will save you a piece if you want,
John.

John: I always love cake, so please save me a piece. Thanks, Jane.

Jane: How about you, Alex? A piece of cake for you too?

Alex: You know I will say yes to a piece of your mother‟s cream cake any day.

Jane: OK, I will save two pieces of cream cake for both of you tonight. We can meet at the cafeteria at
lunch time tomorrow and I will give them to you.

John: Alex, you better get your chips and soda now if you still want them. It is almost 3:00PM, and the
concert is about to start.

Alex: For the last time, do you guys want anything?

Jane: I am sure I do not want anything, Alex. I am doing fine. John: Me neither, Alex.

Alex: OK, save me a seat. I will be right back.

EXPRESSIONS
Isn’t it neat?
Keep on dreaming
Cost a fortune
Set high expectations:
Heavy traffic:
Arrange my schedule:
Start the tradition:
It sounds like fun:
Sit in the shade:
Food stand:
Nothing for me
Save my appetite for the steak:
For the last time

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

I am doing fine:
Save me a seat:
EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of three students. Have one student plays the role of Alex, another the role
of Jane and another the role of John.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.

Q: Did you see that beautiful car?

A: Yes, I sure did.

Q: Were there a lot of people at the park?

A: No, there were only a few.

Q: What can people do at the park?

A: They can ride a bike, jog, or skate.

Q: What kinds of attractions do they have at the park this coming Saturday?
A: A fishing contest and a marathon.

Q: Do you want to have your birthday party at the park this year?
A: Yes, if you do not mind.

Q: Do you like to go to the park?

A: I love to go to the park.

Q: Did you buy a ticket for ABA‟s annual concert?

A: No, it was sold out.

Q: Was Steve Malone‟s new CD on the Top Ten list?

A: Yes, his new CD was on the Top Ten list for two weeks.

Q: Who will conduct the Christmas symphony?

A: This year Ron will conduct the Christmas symphony.

Q: Who will you vote for Best Performer?

A: I will definitely vote for Tom Nelson.

Q: Do you like classical music?

A: Yes, I do.

Q: Who will play at the Pond this year?

A: Steve Malone will hold a concert there this year.

3) Comprehension test

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

a) Why are Jane, John and Alex heading toward the park?
b) What kind of car does Alex want to own?
c) How is the traffic?
d) When did the band start playing in Jane‟s town?
e) When does the band show up every year?
f) What kind of music does the band play?
g) What will happen when the band plays?
h) What is John‟s favorite music?
i) What else can people do at the park besides listening to the music?
j) Why doesn‟t Jane want anything from the food stand?
k) Is Jane‟s mother a bad cook?
l) When and where will Jane give the pieces of cake to John and Alex?

4) Discussion
a) What kind of entertainment should your town have every year?
b) What kind of music do you like? Why?
c) What is the use of a park? Why should we have parks?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
PRONOUNS
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns without changing the meaning of the
sentence
and may play the same roles as nouns in the sentence. Pronouns are handy because they
eliminate the need to repeat words. Like nouns, pronouns can be either singular or
plural.

When a pronoun replaces a word or a group of words, the word or group of words being
replaced is called an antecedent. If the pronoun‟s antecedent is singular, the pronoun must
be singular. If the pronoun‟s antecedent is plural, the pronoun must be plural.
Look at that sport car. Isn’t it neat?
Country melodies can be quite enticing. I can listen to them all day long.

There are many types of pronouns, and personal pronouns are one of the most
commonly used pronouns.

Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are used to replace a noun that refers to a person, animal or thing.
There are
many types of personal pronouns and their uses depend on the function they play in the
sentence.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 1) The subjective case

Singular Plural
First Person I We
The person who is speaking
Second person You You
The person who is spoken to
Third Person He They
(Masculine) The person who is spoken of
Third Person She They
(Feminine) The person who is spoken of
Third Person It They
(Neuter) The person who is spoken of

The subjective case is used to indicate the person, animal or thing that performs the
action or is the subject of a verb.
I will give the piece of cake to Alex tomorrow. You will enjoy this evening.

2) The objective case

Singular Plural
First person Me Us
Second person You You
Third person (masculine) Him Them
Third person (feminine) Her Them
Third person (neutral) It Them

The objective case is used when the person or thing is the object of a verb and is not the
one performing the action.
I might surprise her showing up with my new sports car.
Country melodies can be quite enticing. I can listen to them all day long.

3) The possessive case

Singular Plural
First person My/Mine Our/Ours
Second person Your/Yours Your/Yours
Third person (masculine) His/His Their/Theirs
Third person (feminine) Her/Hers Their/Theirs
Third person (neutral) Its/Its Their/Theirs

The possessive case is used to express possession.

You moved into our neighborhood.
I love that sports car. I want mine to be red though.

4) The reflexive case

Singular Plural
First person Myself Ourselves
Second person Yourself Yourselves
Third person (masculine) Himself Themselves

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Third person (feminine) Herself Themselves
Third person (neutral) Itself Themselves
The reflexive case is used when the subject and the object of the sentence are the same
person/thing. Reflexive pronouns usually are placed after the verb.
I will do it myself.
She will drive herself to school.

Note:
Reflexive pronouns can be placed right next to a noun or pronoun before the verb to emphasize the
noun or pronoun.
I myself will pick you up at the airport.
Mary herself must clean up the mess in the kitchen.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up
with similar questions and answers.

1- Q: Who took the blue shirt to the cleaner?

A: I took the blue shirt to the cleaner.

2- Q: How did John and Jane feel after the trip?

A: They felt sick.

3- Q: Did John and Jane leave for work yet?

A: They already left for work.

4- Q: Who will drive both of you to school?

A: John will drive us to school.

5- Q: Did you talk to John and Jane after school?

A: I talked to them at 3 o‟clock.

6- Q: Did you feed your daughter yet?

A: I fed her two hours ago.

7- Q: Whose books are those?

A: Those books are mine.
8- Q: Is that Janet‟s car?
A: Yes, that is her car.

9- Q: Did you buy Rick and Jessica‟s boat?

A: No. It is still theirs.

10- Q: Did Mary help you with your homework?

A: No, I did them by myself.

11- Q: Who painted their house?

A: They painted the house themselves.

12- Q: Should I ask for Jason‟s help?

A: No, you should clean the house by yourself.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER FIVE
WEEKEND PLANS
Situation: Laurie, Christie, and Sarah are making plans for the coming weekend.

Laurie: So, what are your plans for this weekend?

Christie: I don‟t know. Do you want to get together or something?

Sarah: How about going to see a movie? Cinemax 26 on Carson Boulevard is showing Enchanted.

Laurie: That sounds like a good idea. Maybe we should go out to eat beforehand.

Sarah: It is fine with me. Where do you want to meet?

Christie: Let‟s meet at Summer Pizza House. I have not gone there for a long time.

Laurie: Good idea again. I heard they just came up with a new pizza. It should be good because Summer
Pizza House always has the best pizza in town.

Sarah: When should we meet?

Christie: Well, the movie is shown at 2:00PM, 4:00PM, 6:00PM and 8:00PM.

Laurie: Why don‟t we go to the 2:00PM show? We can meet at Summer Pizza House at noon. That will
give us plenty of time to enjoy our pizza.

Sarah: My cousin Karen is in town. Can I bring her along? I hate to leave her home alone.

Christie: Karen is in town? Yes, bring her along. Laurie, you remember Karen? We met her at Sara‟s
high school graduation party two years ago.

Laurie: I do not quite remember her. What does she look like?

Sarah: She has blond hair, she is kind of slender, and she is about your height.

Laurie: She wears eyeglasses, right?

Sarah: Yes, and she was playing the piano off and on during the party.

Laurie: I remember her now. Yes, do bring her along Sara. She is such a nice person, and funny
too.

Sarah: She will be happy to meet both of you again.

Christie: What is she doing these days?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Sarah: She graduated last June, and she will start her teaching career next week when the new school
term begins.

Laurie: What grade is she going to teach?

Sarah: She will teach kindergarten. She loves working with kids, and she always has such a good
rapport with them.

Christie: Kindergarten? She must be a very patient person. I always think kindergarten is the most
difficult class to teach. Most of the kids have never been to school, and they have never been away
from mommy for long.

Sarah: I think Karen will do fine. She knows how to handle young children.

Laurie: I think the first few weeks will be tough. However, once the routine is set, it should not be too
difficult to teach kindergarten.

Christie: You are right. The kids might even look forward to going to school since they have so many
friends to play with.

Sarah: There are so many new things for them to do at school too. They do a lot of crafts in
kindergarten. I am always amazed by the things kindergarten teachers do.

Laurie: Yes, I have seen my niece come home with so many neat stuff.

Christie: Maybe we can ask Karen to show us some of the things that we can do for this Halloween.

Laurie: Maybe we can stop by the craft store after the movie. What do you think, Sara?

Sarah: I will talk to her. I think she will like that. It will help her with school projects when Halloween
comes.

Christie: Michael‟s is a good store for crafts. It always carries a variety of things, and you can find
almost anything there.

Laurie: There is a Michaels store not far away from Cinemax 26. I believe it is just around the corner, on
Pioneer Avenue. We can even walk over there.

Sarah: So, we plan to meet for pizza at noon, go to the movies at two, and shop at Michael‟s afterward.
Right?

Laurie and Christie: Yes.

EXPRESSIONS
Get together:
It sounds like a good idea:
Beforehand:
Come up with:

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

She is in town:
Bring someone along
Off and on:
What is she doing these days?
Teaching career:
School term:
Kindergarten:
Have a good rapport with:
Once the routine is set:
Look forward to:
Craft:
School project:
A variety of things:
It is around the corner:

\EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Step 1: Have the students listen to the recorded dialogue.
Step 2: Have the students read along to the recorded dialogue.
Step 3: Divide your class into groups of three students. Have one student plays the role of Christie,
another the role of Sara, and another the role of Laurie.

2) Questions/Answers Practice
.Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them
to come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: What are you going to do this weekend?

A: I am going to the movies this weekend.

Q: What do you plan to see?

A: I am going to see Spider Man.

Q: Which theater are you going to?

A: I am going to the one in Long Beach.

Q: Which show are you going to?

A: I plan to go to the 2:00PM show.

Q: How much are ticket prices these days?

A: Six dollars for shows before 5:00PM, and eight dollars for after five.

Q: Do they offer discounts to students?

A: I am afraid not.

Q: What is Karen doing these days?

A: She is a teacher at Jefferson high school.

Q: What subject does she teach?

A: She teaches English.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: What grade does she teach?
A: She teaches twelfth grade students.

Q: Does she enjoy her work?

A: She really enjoys being a teacher.

Q: Does she have the summer off?

A: Yes, she does. She plans to travel during the summer.

3) Comprehension test
a) Does Christie have a plan for this weekend?
b) Where do Sara, Christie, and Laurie want to go for movies?
c) What do they want to do before going to the movies?
d) Why do they want to eat at Summer Pizza House?
e) What is Summer Pizza House known for?
f) What times do they show Enchanted?
g) Who is Karen?
h) When and where did they meet Karen?
i) Describe Karen.
j) What was Karen doing when Christie and Laurie met her?
k) What kind of work does Karen do?
l) Why is it difficult to teach kindergarten?
m) Why do kindergarten kids enjoy school?
n) What do kindergarten kids do at school?
o) What will Laurie, Christie and Sara do after watching the movie?

4) Discussion
a) What is your usual plan for the weekend?
b) What do you want to be after you finish school?
c) If you are a teacher, what grade do you want to teach? Why?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
Types of Pronoun
There are many types of pronouns and their uses depend on the role they play in the sentence. Besides
the personal pronouns, there are:
1) Relative pronouns
2) Possessive pronouns
3) Interrogative pronouns
4) Demonstrative pronouns

Relative pronouns:
Relative pronouns (who, whom, that, which, what) replace the person or thing mentioned earlier in
the sentence and connect a dependent clause to the main clause. As a substitute word, relative
pronouns should correspond to the persons or things that they replace.

Who refers only to people and is used when it is the subject of a verb.
Karen is the girl who was playing the piano off and on during the party two years ago.
John and Tim are the persons who coach our children in baseball.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Whom refers only to people and is used when it is the object of a verb.
The girl whom you talked to last night is Sara’s cousin.
The boy whom you just met at school is considered a genius in physics.

Note: Whom is used only in formal writing. Generally who is used instead of whom.

That refers to people, animals or things.

Summer Pizza house is the restaurant that has the best pizza in town.
Karen is the person that wore eyeglasses at the party.

Which only refers to animals or things. Usually, that is used for a specific group of animals or
things while which is used for animals or things in general.
The books that were written by John Grisham sell pretty fast.
Books, which give information, are very useful in life.

What usually refers to things.

I do not know what you want.
He is questioning the meaning of what he heard on the street.

Other less common relative pronouns are: whoever, whomever, whatever and whichever. These
pronouns do not refer to a specific person or thing.
Tell the idea to whomever you want.
Take whatever you want.
I don’t care whichever one you choose.

Possessive pronouns
Whose is a possessive pronoun that means belonging to whom.
This is the young girl whose father is a famous movie director.
I just talked to the lady whose house was damaged by the storm yesterday.

Interrogative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns who, whom, whose, which, what are used in asking questions.
What grade is she going to teach?
Who cleaned the house yesterday?
Whom did you call?
Which book is on the Bestseller list?
Whose car is parked in front of my house?

Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns this, these, that, those are used to express the distance of the
person or object from the speaker.

This (singular form) and these (plural form) express nearness to the speaker.
This is my new car. (The new car is very close to the speaker)
These are my children. (The children are standing next to the speaker)

That (singular form) and those (plural form) express a certain distance from the speaker.
Look at that sports car! (The sports car is not close to the speaker).
Those paintings were done by Picasso. (The paintings are not near the speaker)

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice
Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up
with similar questions and answers.

Q: Who is Mrs. Anderson?

A: She is the one who drives the yellow car.

Q: Who is Karen?
A: She is the one who played the piano off and on during the party.

Q: Which house did you visit?

A: I visited the house that is on top of the hill.

Q: Which doctor did you choose for your personal care?

A: I chose the doctor that was referred by my friend Sally.

Q: Do you understand what I am saying?

A: I do not understand what you are talking about.

Q: Do you mind if I tell the news to Mary?

A: You can tell it to whomever you want.

Q: Who is that man?

A: He is the man whose car was stolen.

Q: Which ones are your children?

A: Here, these girls are my children.

Q: Are the books over there yours?

A: Yes, those are my books.

Q: Whose sandals is he holding?

A: Those are Sally‟s sandals.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER SIX
WINTER BREAK PLANS
Situation: Mike is discussing plans for Winter break with his friend Brendan while they are
driving home from their basketball game.

Brendan: Hey Mike, throw your stuff in the back and ride up front with me.

Mike: OK, Brendan. Thank you for giving me a ride home. I did not want to call my parents because
they were at Mimi‟s Café for my aunt‟s birthday.

Brendan: Mimi‟s Café? That place has the best burgers in town! The atmosphere is also nice. Good
food and a good setting, what more could you ask for? We should eat there after our next basketball
game.

Mike: Yes, that sounds like a good plan. When is our next game by the way?

Brendan: I think it is after Winter break, which is a long way off. Do you have any plans set up for the
upcoming vacation?

Mike: Well, besides going to basketball practices with you, I will most likely be working.

Brendan: Oh, working? Did you get a new job or are you still working at Starbucks?

Mike: Well, Starbucks was a good first job for me and I loved the people I worked with.
However, my work schedule was neither convenient nor easy. My manager would schedule me only
during the times when it was most busy, which is in the morning when there is a constant coffee rush. It
was definitely very difficult and a conflict to my class schedule.

Brendan: Well, what are you doing now at your new job?

Mike: Well, I am an Administrative Assistant for a company called Multi-Max. I have done a little
training, but I do not know what the full job entails. From what I have seen, it is mostly inputting data
into the computer and following up on customers‟ orders.

Brendan: Oh, that sounds pretty easy. When did you start this new job?

Mike: I have been with Multi-Max since November 1st. Well what about you? Do you have any plans
for break?

Brendan: Not really. I think I am just going to hang out at home and read some books. I am
planning a snowboarding trip though. You should come if you are not too busy working at your
new job.

Mike: Oh, that sounds like fun! Who is going and where are you guys going to go snowboarding?

Brendan: As of right now, my roommates, Jay and Kristian, are planning to go. And, there are Josh,
Alexis, and Ann. We are planning to go to Big Bear. I hear that there are pretty good conditions for
skiing and snowboarding this season up there.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Mike: Yes, that is what I heard as well. The whole trip sounds like fun. Where are you guys staying
at? Did you rent out a cabin?

Brendan: No, we did not. My cousin actually owns a cabin up there, and he said it is OK for us to
stay at his place for the weekend when I spoke with him last Friday. The cabin is not far away from the
ski slopes and the eateries, so it should be a convenient place.

Mike: Would it be OK with your cousin if I come along as well? I am not sure whether I can go;
however, since I am talking to you, I might as well ask now just in case my schedule permits.

Brendan: I am sure that will be fine. He did not tell me there is a limit on the number of people I
could bring, so you are more than welcome to join us.

Mike: Awesome! I am so excited! Well, I will check my schedule, and I will give you an
update tomorrow. Hey, that is my house on the corner. Thanks again for the ride, Brendan!

Brendan: You are welcome Mike. Have a good night and I will talk to you later about the trip.

EXPRESSIONS
Give somebody a ride home:
The atmosphere is nice:
I will most likely be working.
The schedule is neither convenient nor easy:
Conflict with:
I don’t know what the full job entails:
Hopefully it will be easy:
Hang out at home:
Plan a trip:
There are pretty good conditions for skiing:
Stay at someone’s place:
Someone’s place.
For the duration of the trip:
In case my schedule permits:
You are welcome to join us:
Give someone an update:

EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of two students. Have one student plays the role of Mike, and another the
role of Brendan.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice
Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up
with similar questions and answers.

Q: Can you give me a ride home?

A: Sure, get in.

Q: Can you give me a ride to work?

A: Certainly, I can.

Q: What are you going to do during Winter break?

A: I will head home to spend time with my parents.

Q: Where is home?
A: Long Beach, California.

Q: Are you going fishing in Long Beach?

A: I probably will once in a while.

Q: What else can you do in Long Beach?

A: I can go to the Aquarium of the Pacific.

Q: Aquarium of the Pacific?

A: I can go to the Aquarium of the Pacific.

Q: Aquarium of the Pacific?

A: Yes, Aquarium of the Pacific where you can see more than 12,500 ocean creatures in 50 exhibits.

Q: Wow, it must be quite an attraction in Long Beach.

A: Yes, it sure is.

Q: Can I stay with your parents when I am in Long Beach, California.

A: I cannot answer your question without talking to my parents.

Q: Will they say no?

A: Probably not since you are my friend.

3) Comprehension test
a) Why did Mike ask Brendan for a ride?
b) What kind of foods does Mimi‟s Café offer?
c) What will Mike and Brendan do after the next basketball game?
d) What will Mike do during Winter break?
e) Where is Mike currently working?
f) What is Mike‟s position at the new company?
g) Why did Mike change job?
h) What will Brendan do during Winter break?
i) Who will go to Big Bear?
j) Where will Brendan and his friends stay in Big Bear?
k) Why is it convenient to stay at the cabin?
l) Why is it OK for Mike to stay at the cabin?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

4) Discussion
a) Do schools have Winter break in your country? Describe your school year.
b) What will you do during school break?
c) Where do you want to go for vacation?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 GRAMMAR REVIEW
VERBS
Verbs are words that describe the action or state of being in a sentence.

My parents were at Mimi’s Café.

My work schedule was neither convenient nor easy. I will talk to you later about the trip.

Characteristic of verbs
1) Verbs have three basic forms from which the different tenses are formed.
A) Base form: this is the original form of the verb. For example: want, look, play.

B) Present participle form: this form is created by adding -ing to the base form. For
example: wanting, looking, playing. Present participles can be used with different helping
verbs to express certain tenses.
Exceptions:
- For verbs that end with -e, drop -e and add -ing. For example: hope,
hoping; love,
loving.
- For one-syllable verbs containing one vowel and ending with a consonant,
add
another consonant before adding -ing. For example: stop, stopping; drop, dropping.
- For verbs that end with -ie, change -ie to -y and add -ing. For example:
die, dying;
lie, lying.

C) Past participle form: this form is generally created by adding -ed to the base form. For
example: wanted, looked, played. Past participles are used with different helping verbs to
express certain tenses.
Exceptions:
- For verbs that end with -e, only add -d. For example: hope, hoped; love,
loved.
- For one-syllable verbs containing one vowel and ending with a consonant,
add
another consonant before adding -ed. For example: stop, stopped; drop, dropped.

2) Some verbs are called auxiliary verbs or helping verbs. These verbs usually
accompany
action verbs to show the tense or time of action. They include: be,
have, do, may, might,
can, could, shall, will.
I have done a little training.
I am planning a snowboarding trip.

3) Verbs can be classified as transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb needs an object

to
complete its meaning while an intransitive verb does not.

Transitive Intransitive
I open the windows. The rooster crows.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

John asked his friend to close the door. Lisa walks to school every day.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.
Q: What is a verb?
A: It is a word that describes the action or state of being in a sentence.

Q: What did you do yesterday?

A: I jogged in the park yesterday.

Q: How is Karen doing lately?

A: She is sick lately.

Q: Did you clean your room?

A: I have cleaned my room.

Q: Did Karen look beautiful in her new dress?

A: She looked very lovely in that new dress.

Q: How can you form the present participle?

A: Generally, by adding -ing to the base form.

Q: Like talked from talk?

A: Or yelled from yell.

Q: Who yelled at you yesterday?

A: Tim yelled at me yesterday when he was mad.

Q: Who cooked dinner last night?

A: My sister cooked dinner last night.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER SEVEN
A VISIT TO THE DOCTOR’S OFFICE

Situation: Laura has not been feeling well lately. Today she goes to see her doctor for a physical
checkup.

Laura: Good morning, I have an appointment with Doctor Clark at 8:30.

Clerk: Let me pull your record. In the meantime, please sign-in and have a seat.

Nurse: Laura Nicholson.

Laura: Here.

Nurse: Follow me to Room A please.

Nurse: Here we are. What are your reasons for seeing Doctor Clark today?

Laura: Well, lately I have been feeling tired, and occasionally I have had really bad headaches
and an upset stomach. On top of that, I have had this persistent cough for the last two weeks.

Nurse: When did you start having these symptoms?

Laura: I started feeling tired about two months ago; then, a little bit after that the headaches came. I got
the upset stomach long before feeling tired.

Nurse: Are you taking any medications?

Laura: Only my vitamins.

Nurse: What vitamins are you taking?

Laura: I am taking a multi-vitamin tablet and extra Vitamin C every day.

Nurse: OK, let me take your vital signs.

Laura: How am I doing?

Nurse: Everything is good—normal blood pressure and no high temperature. Please wait here for a
minute. Doctor Clark will be with you in a moment.

Laura: Thank you.

Doctor: Good morning, Laura.
Laura: Good morning, Doctor.

Doctor: I see here that you started feeling tired two months ago, and then you started having bad
headaches. You also have had an upset stomach and a persistent cough. Did you run a fever too?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Laura: No, doctor.

Doctor: Let me do a quick physical check up.

Doctor: Please take a deep breath, hold your breath, and exhale. Do it again please.

Doctor: Were there any changes in your diet or your weight lately?

Laura: I ate the usual things, but I lost five pounds recently.

Doctor: Did you suffer from insomnia?

Laura: Well, it is pretty hard for me to fall asleep when I go to bed. I also woke up many times during
the night.

Doctor: Do you drink? Do you smoke?

Laura: No.

Doctor: How are things at work?

Laura: There was a change of ownership three months ago, and I had to work a lot of overtime, even
during the weekend.

Doctor: It looks like you have pneumonia. Other than that, I do not see any problems. You are
probably under stress from changes at work, and the stress causes headaches, upset stomach, and
sleeplessness. For now, try to relax and exercise. It may solve your problems. Come back to see me
again if the symptoms persist, and I will do further tests. I am going to give you a
prescription for your pneumonia. Are you allergic to any medications?

Laura: Not to my knowledge.

Doctor: OK, take this medication three times a day after you eat. Also, I want you to have some blood
tests. Stop by the laboratory on your way out and have the nurse draw your blood.

Laura: I am anxious to know my cholesterol level. When will I get the results of the blood test?

Doctor: The results will be available in two weeks. Don‟t stress yourself. I think everything will be OK.

Laura: Thank you, Doctor.

Doctor: You are welcome.

EXPRESSIONS
Have an appointment with:
Pull somebody’s record:
In the meantime:
Have a seat, please:
Here we are:
Persistent cough:

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Upset stomach:
Symptom:
Long before:
Take somebody’s vital signs:
The doctor will be with you in a moment:
run a fever:
Physical checkup:
Diet:
Suffer from insomnia:
Change of ownership:
It looks like:
Sleeplessness:
It may solve your problems:
If the symptoms persist:
Give a prescription:
Be allergic to:
Not to my knowledge:
Blood test:
Stop by the laboratory on the way out.
Draw somebody’s blood:
The results will be available in two weeks:
Don’t stress yourself!

EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of three students. Have one student plays the role of Clerk and Nurse,
another the role of Doctor and another the role of Laura.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: How do you feel? A: I feel fine.

I think I have the flu
I have a cold.
I have a runny nose.
I feel sick.
I have a headache.
I have a sore throat. / My throat hurts
Q: Did you get a flu shot this year?
A: Not yet, but I am thinking about it.

Q: Why did they rush him to the hospital?

A: They rushed him to the hospital because they thought he had a stroke.

Q: Why did they take you to the emergency room?

A: They took me to the emergency room because I kept on throwing up.

Q: Why did they take your vital signs?

A They always take our vital signs when we go to the doctor.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: What seems to be the problem?
A: I had severe stomach aches and diarrhea.

Q: What should I do to stay healthy?

A: You need to eat a healthy diet and to stay active.

Q: What are the possible side effects of this medicine?

A: You might feel dizzy or weak after taking the medicine.

Q: What might lead to heart diseases?

A: Smoking, high blood pressure, and high level of cholesterol in the blood.

Q: What is good for my health?

A: Increase your physical activity and maintain a healthy weight.

Q: Are you going to give me a prescription for my headache?

A: You do not need a prescription for Aspirin.

Q: Do I need to make another appointment?

A: No, we will mail the test results to you.

3) Comprehension test
a) What time is Laura‟s appointment with the doctor?
b) Where does the physical checkup take place?
c) Why does Laura want to see Doctor Clark?
d) When did Laura start feeling bad?
e) What kinds of medications is she taking?
f) How are Laura‟s vital signs?
g) What kind of information is Dr. Clark trying to get from Laura?
h) What happened at work? What happened to Laura after that?
i) What is Dr. Clark‟s diagnosis?
j) What will happen if the symptoms persist?
k) What does Dr. Clark want to know before he gives Laura a prescription?
l) How many times a day does Laura have to take the medicine for pneumonia?
m) What else does Dr. Clark want Laura to do?
n) When will Laura get the results of her blood test?

4) Discussion
a) How often do you go to the doctor for a physical checkup?
b) What kind of illness do you usually have? How do you treat it?
c) How important is exercise to good health?
d) What do people do for exercise in your country?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 GRAMMAR REVIEW
VERBS
Verbs not only describe the action but also the time of the action. The time of occurrence is expressed
through six tenses: the present, the past, the future, the present perfect, the past perfect and the future
perfect.

Present Tense
1) The present tense is used to show that the action is happening now.
I want you to get a blood test.
I do not see any problems.

2) The present tense is also used to indicate a true fact.

The sun is bright.
It is cold in the winter.

3) The present tense is also used to indicate habits or customary actions.

Susan always bites her nails. (Susan bites her nails in the past, today and she will
continue to bite her nails in the future)
I go to the supermarket every Saturday. (In the past, now, and in the future, I always go
to the supermarket every Saturday)

4) The present tense can be used to replace the future tense after words that indicate time
such as when, until, as soon as, before or words that indicate condition such as if or unless.
I will do further tests if the symptoms persist.
The doctor will see you when he is done with Ms. Anderson.

Present Progressive Tense

The progressive tenses are used to indicate that an action is ongoing at a particular time.
The action begins at some earlier time, is in progress at the indicated moment, and probably continues
for some time after that.

The present progressive tense is used to indicate that an action is currently in progress.

BE IN PRESENT TENSE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

I am taking vitamin C.
Doctor Clark is seeing Laura at the moment.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: How is the weather in the summer?

A: It is hot and humid during the summer.

Q: What did your dad tell you yesterday?

A He told me that fire is very dangerous during dry seasons.

Q: Why do you wear sunglasses?

A: I wear sunglasses because the sun is bright.

Q: What do you do on Saturday?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

A: I go to the market every Saturday.

Q: What does your youngest son do every day?

A: He goes to preschool every day.

Q: What do you do when you get home every day?

A: I cook dinner after I get home every day.

Q: What is he going to do when he meets Sarah?

A: He will apologize when he meets her.

Q: When will he leave for Paris?

A: He will go to Paris when he has some free time.

Q: When will you take the SAT test?

A: I will take the SAT test only if I am ready.

Q: What are you doing?

A: I am reading John Young‟s new novel.

Q: Why is the baby crying?

A: He is crying because he is hungry.

Q: How does Mary feel after her trip?

A: She is not feeling well after the trip.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER EIGHT
GOING TO THE MARKET
Situation: Laura’s mother had asked her to go grocery shopping before she went to work this
morning. Since Laura is still busy with her homework, she asks her sister Martha to go to the market for
her.

Laura: Mom had asked me to go grocery shopping before she left for work this morning, but I need to
finish my school project. Can you go for me, Martha?

Martha: I guess I can. I am done with my homework. What did mom want you to buy?

Laura: Well, she wanted me to buy enough groceries for the whole week. Besides meat, some fish and
vegetables, we can buy whatever else we want for snacks and breakfast.

Martha: What do you want for breakfast?

Laura: I guess some cereal as usual.

Martha: I do not want cereal everyday. I will buy some pancakes and syrup then.

Laura: Get the new Fine Food pancakes in the frozen food section please. I want to see how it tastes.

Martha: Do we still have enough coffee and cream for mom and dad?

Laura: Yes, we do. Talking about coffee and cream, you better buy some milk also. We almost ran out
of it.

Martha: Next, what do you want for snacks?

Laura: Some chips would be fine with me. You probably want your chocolate cookies.

Martha: I better write down all these things; otherwise, I will forget them by the time I get to the market.
I would hate to make two trips to take care of things.

Laura: Right! As far as meat, mom wants some pork and some chicken.

Martha: Just any kind of pork?

Laura: I forgot to ask mom about that. Anyways, you can ask the butcher for his opinion. He knows
what is best.

Martha: How about fish?

Laura: Mom wants some salmon and some catfish. Make sure that they are fresh.

Martha: How much salmon and catfish should I buy?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Laura: Oh, buy four pieces of salmon filet and four pieces of catfish filet. Mom does not like to get
the whole fish.

Martha: Are these fish filets sold by weight or by the piece?

Laura: I am not very sure. Just buy four decent sized pieces. Not too big and not too small.

Martha: Do I need to buy some spices so mom can marinate the fish?

Laura: Yes, get some ground pepper and some garlic.

Martha: Now, how about vegetables? Mom probably wants carrots, potatoes, cabbages and some
lettuce.

Laura: That would be fine. We need some fruits also. What do you want?

Martha: Dad always packs an apple for lunch everyday. I want the same thing.

Laura: We have already run out of eggs. So, get a carton of eggs also.

Martha: How about some soft drinks?

Laura: No, buy some bottled water instead. It is healthier for us. We need to cut down on our intake of
sugar, as too much sugar is not good for our bodies.

Martha: I need to put bread on the list before I forget. Should I get one loaf or two?

Laura: One loaf will be enough. Put down a bag of rice also.

Martha: Do we need anything for dessert?

Laura: Get a box of ice cream.

Martha: Ice cream? Isn‟t ice cream packed with sugar?

Laura: Yes, but since I already drink water instead of soft drinks, one or perhaps two scoops of
ice cream after dinner is not too bad. Besides, mom loves ice cream, especially cherry vanilla.

Martha: OK, I will put down one box of ice cream if you say so. Do you want me to buy some pastries
for you?

Laura: I know the pastries at the market are delicious; however, no is my answer. Do not tempt me,
Martha.

Martha: Just asking, Laura.

Laura: You have quite a few items to take care of. You need to get going.

Martha: Yes, the list is quite long. By the time I get to the cashier to pay, I will probably have a full
shopping cart. OK, I am all set to go. I will be back soon.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Laura: Drive carefully please!

Martha: I will.

EXPRESSIONS
Go grocery shopping:
Leave for work:
I guess I can:
I am done with my homework:
Enough for the whole week:
Frozen food:
I want to see how it tastes:
Run out of something:
By the time:
Take care of something:
Right!:
Marinate:
Cut down on our intake of sugar:
Loaf of bread.
Besides:
Don’t tempt me!:
You need to get going:
Shopping cart:
I am all set to go:
I will be back:

EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of two students. Have one student plays the role of Laura
and another role of Martha.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.

Q: Where are you going?

A: I am going to the supermarket.

Q: Do they sell only meat at the supermarket?

A: No, they sell a lot of things. There is a section for meat, a section for frozen food, a section for
vegetables….

Q: Do supermarkets carry wine?

A: Yes, they have a whole section for liquor.

Q: What can you buy at the supermarket?

A I can buy groceries, over-the-counter medicines or daily hygiene stuffs like toothpaste, detergent,
and soap.
prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.
Q: What else do you find at the supermarket?
A: Nowadays, there is a pharmacy inside most supermarkets.

Q: Do you have to bargain at the supermarket?

A: No, because the prices are fixed.

Q: How do they sell things at the supermarket?

A: You can buy things by the package or by weight.

Q: When is the best time to go to the supermarket?

A: It is best for you to go when you are not hungry. Otherwise, you will want to buy everything that
you see.

Q: What are the hours of supermarkets?

A: Supermarkets are usually open from 5AM to midnight.

Q: Were they ever closed?

A: Supermarkets are usually open from 5AM to midnight.

Q: Do you go to the supermarket every day?

A: No. Like everybody, I always buy groceries for the whole week.

Q: What happens if you suddenly run out of things?

A: I will have to make an extra trip to the supermarket then.

3) Comprehension test
a) When did Laura‟s mom ask her to go grocery shopping?
b) Why does Laura ask Martha to go to the market?
c) Why does Martha agree to go grocery shopping?
d) What does Martha want for breakfast?
e) What kind of pancakes does Laura want?
f) Do they want chips for breakfast?
g) Why should Martha write down all the things she needs to buy?
h) What should Martha buy for the main meals?
i) What does Laura‟s mother use to marinate fish?
j) Why does Martha need to buy eggs?
k) Why shouldn‟t Martha buy some soft drinks?
l) Why does Laura want to buy ice cream?
m) Why should Martha get going?

4) Discussion
a) How often does your family go to the market for groceries? Describe the marketplace
where you usually go to for grocery shopping.
b) Do you like to go to the market? Why? Why not?
c) Describe the regular meals that you have during the day.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 GRAMMAR REVIEW
VERBS
Past tense
The past tense is used to indicate an action that happened and ended at a particular time in the
past or a habit in the past. In general, the past tense is formed by adding -ed to the end of the
verb.

VERB + ED
Mom asked me to go grocery shopping this morning.
She wanted me to buy enough groceries for the whole week this morning.

For certain verbs, past tense are not formed by merely adding -ed. These types of verbs are called
irregular verbs. Some verbs have the same form as the present form, others completely change to
express past tense.

Verb Present Past Tense Past Participle

Hit Hit Hit Hit
Cut Cut Cut Cut
Read Read Read Read
Do Do Did Done
Tell Tell Told Told
Begin Begin Began Begun
Drive Drive Drove Driven

Past Progressive tense

The past progressive tense is used to indicate that an action was in progress at a particular time in
the past or that an action was ongoing when another action happened in the past. Generally, the
past progressive tense is formed by using the verb be in the simple past and the present participle
of the verb.

BE IN PAST TENSE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

I was talking to Christine after dinner last night.
Paul was exercising when his mother got home from work yesterday.

Present perfect tense

The present perfect tense is used when an action happened at an unspecified time in the past. The
present perfect tense is formed by adding have or has to a past participle.

HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

I have done my homework.
She has cooked dinner.

However, when the present perfect tense is accompanied by since or for, it shows that the action
started in the past, is currently happening and will continue in the future.
I have been with Multi-Max since November 1st. (I started to work for Multi-Max on November 1st, I
am still working there today and will continue to work there in the future) Note: give an exact date after
since
I have worked in this field for ten years. (I started working in this field ten years ago. I am still working
in this field now, and I will continue to work in this field in the future. Note: give a duration of time
after for)

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Present perfect progressive tense
The present perfect progressive tense is used to indicate that an action has been in
progress until now. This tense is used to express the duration of the action.

HAVE BEEN/HAS BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

He has been cleaning his room for the last two hours. (He
started to clean his room two hours ago, and he is still cleaning it
now)

Past perfect tense

The past perfect tense is used to indicate that an action occurred before another action in the past. The
past perfect tense is formed by adding had to a past participle.

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

I had finished my homework when John came last night. (Last night I finished my homework first, and
then John came over)

Past perfect progressive tense

The past perfect progressive is used to indicate that an action was ongoing before another action
happened in the past. This tense is used to express the duration of the action, and is formed with had
been and the present participle of the verb.

HAD BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

Paul had been watching television for two hours before it was turned off. (There are two actions in this
sentence: watch television and turn off television)

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them
to come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: When did you finish your homework?

A: I finished my homework yesterday.

Q: What did you do during past summers?

A: In the past, I went home during summer.

Q: What was he doing when it rained yesterday?

A: He was sleeping when it rained.

Q: What happened at 6PM yesterday?

A: John was driving home when the accident happened.
Q: Did you finish your homework?
A: I have done my homework.

Q: How long have you been living in Long Beach?

A: I have lived in Long Beach since 1980.

Q: How long have you been working for John?

A: I have worked for John for two years.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: When did he start working on his homework?
A: He has been working on his homework since 3:00 o‟clock.

Q: How long has it been raining?

A: It has been raining for three hours.

Q: Did you meet my son?

A: No, your son had left when I came yesterday.

Q: Did you have to water the lawn?

A: No, it had rained when I got home.

Q: How long did she study before the test?

A: She had been studying for three hours before they started the test.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER NINE
I NEED HELP

Situation: Henry is having problems with his homework. His friend Tim is having problems with
building a doll house. They are seeking each other’s help.

Tim: Henry, what are you doing?

Henry: I have been trying to solve this physics problem for the last half hour, and I still have no idea
how to do it.

Tim: When do you have to turn it in?

Henry: It is due at the end of this week.

Tim: Well, it is only Monday. Why don‟t you get some after-school-tutoring tomorrow?

Henry: I have to sign up for it first. I guess I will go sign up for the Wednesday session tomorrow.

Tim: You should reread the chapter before you show up for the session. It will help you understand the
subject matter better.

Henry: OK, I will do that.

Tim: Now that your problem is solved, I need you to lend me a hand with my problem.

Henry: What is up?

Tim: I need to build a new doll house for Nancy. I was putting her doll house away, and somehow I
accidentally dropped it. It was broken into pieces.

Henry: How clumsy of you! Does she know?

Tim: I told her about it. I could not lie to her.

Henry: How did she take it?

Tim: My sister really liked that doll house, and obviously she was not very happy. But, I told her that I
would build a better one for her. So, I need your help.

Henry: Me? Help you? I have never built anything in my life.

Tim: Me neither. But, don‟t worry. Putting together pieces of wood is not going to be difficult.
Henry: It is more than just putting pieces of wood together. You need to put in windows and doors.
Have you thought about how you would do that?

Tim: Who says houses need to have windows and doors?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Henry: So, you are going to build a doll house with no windows and no doors?

Tim: Yes, I do not see anything wrong with that. Do you?

Henry: No. It makes the project easier to handle now. But, are you sure that Nancy will not mind
having a doll house with no doors and no windows?

Tim: Yes, I am sure.

Henry: Are you sure that Nancy will find this doll house with no doors and no windows prettier than
the one you broke?

Tim: No, I am not sure. Why do you have to make things so complicated?

Henry: I am not trying to complicate things. You did tell Nancy that the new doll house would be
better than the one you broke. I just want to remind you of your promise.

Tim: Ah, I wish I have not touched her doll house! What should I do then?

Henry: Get help from somebody who knows how to build a doll house. I would not be of any help to
you in this project.

Tim: Who do you suggest I ask?

Henry: Mr. Brown used to be a carpenter. He will be glad to help you out. Why don‟t you give him a
call, and see whether he has some free time.

Tim: You are right. It will take us forever to build this doll house. With Mr. Brown‟s help, I can finish it
in no time.

Henry: OK, now that your problem is solved, can you help me trim the trees in the back yard?

Tim: Who? Me? Trim the trees in your back yard? It will take us ages to trim those trees. Let‟s
see who is good at trimming trees. Ah, you can ask Mr. Brown. He is also good at trimming
trees. And, when you ask for his help, please ask him to help me build a doll house also.

EXPRESSIONS
Have a problem with:
Have no idea how to do something
It is due at the end of the week:
It would be wise to
Subject matter:
Lend a hand to:
What is up?
Accidentally
Broken into pieces:
How clumsy of you!
How did she take it?
Me neither:

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Don’t worry!
Have you thought about.
Who says that.
I don’t see anything wrong with it:
Do you mind to:
I am sure:
Complicate:
Used to be:
Have free time:
Finish in no time:

EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of two students. Have one student plays the role of John
and another the role of Mike.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.

Q: Why did it take you so long to finish your homework this afternoon?
A: I had difficulties understanding the problem.

Q: What are after-school-tutoring sessions for?

A: They are set up to provide additional help to students outside of school hours.

Q: What subject matter do you need help with?

A: I need help with English.

Q: What can I do to help?

A You can go over the chapter with me, and then help me solve the problem.

Q: Did you at least try to solve it on your own?

A: Yes, I have been trying to solve it for the last two hours.

Q: Why should I help you with building the doll house?

A: Because you are better at it than I am.

Q: Why do you think so?

A: Because you are always good at carpentry.

Q: By the way, what are you good at?

A: To tell you the truth, I am not really sure

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

3) Comprehension test
a) What kind of problem does Henry have?
b) When should Henry turn in his physics homework?
c) What is Tim‟s suggestion to Henry?
d) When does Henry want to be tutored in physics?
e) What should Henry do in order to understand the subject matter better?
f) Why does Tim need Henry‟s help?
g) Do Henry and Tim have any experiences in building doll houses?
h) What does Tim think about building doll houses?
i) Why does Henry keep on asking Tim questions about building the doll house?
j) Is Henry trying to complicate things?
k) Is there anybody else that Tim can ask for help with his project?
l) What can Mr. Brown do?

4) Discussion
a) When was the last time you had problems with a project? Describe the problem.
b) How did you solve the problem in question (a)?
c) Does your school have a program to help students with their homework or their understanding of
academic subject matters? If not, where did you get help?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
VERBS
Future tense
The future tense is used to indicate that an action will happen at a particular time in the
future. The future tense is formed by adding shall or will in front of the verb.

SHALL/WILL + VERB
I will build a better doll house for her later on.
The results will be available in two weeks.

Note:
Shall and Will: Shall is used with the first person personal pronouns I and we, while
will is used with the second and third person personal pronouns you, he/she/it, they.
However, recently people tend to use will with all three persons. Still, in questions and
requests, shall is used with the first persons and will with the second and third persons.
I shall do it tomorrow.
I will do it tomorrow.
Shall I call you at nine o’clock tomorrow?
Will you call me tomorrow?

We can also express the future with verb be + going to instead of shall or will.
He will build a doll house with no windows.
He is going to build a doll house with no windows.

We use might to express possibility in the future when we are not

sure.
They might go to Mary’s party tonight.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Future progressive tense
The future progressive is used to indicate that an action will be ongoing at a particular
time in the future.

WILL BE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

Peter will be eating his dinner at 7:00PM tomorrow.
Janet will be taking dancing lesson at 5:00PM on Thursday.

Future perfect tense

The future perfect tense is used to indicate that an action will happen in the future before
another action.

WILL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

When you finish your homework, your father will have left. (Tonight, your father will
leave before you finish your homework)
I will have finished my homework before noon.

Future perfect progressive tense

The future perfect progressive is used to indicate that an action will be ongoing in the
future when another action happens. This tense is used to express the duration of the
action and is formed by adding will have been to a present participle.

WILL HAVE BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

Paul will have been exercising for two hours when we go to the airport.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: What will you do tomorrow?

A: I will leave for Texas tomorrow.

Q: What will your mother do when she gets home?

A: She will cook dinner when she gets home.

Q: What is your plan for tomorrow?

A: I am going to bake a pie tomorrow.

Q: What is your plan for tonight?

A I might go to the movies tonight.

Q: What will you be doing at 5PM tomorrow?

A: I will be exercising at the gym at that time.

Q: What will he be doing when his mom gets home tomorrow.

A: He will be watering the front yard.

Q: When will your mother leave for work tomorrow?

A: She will have left before the school bus comes to pick me up.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: Will you still be home when your son wakes up tomorrow?
A: I will have left for work when my son wakes up tomorrow.

Q: How long will you be exercising when your wife takes the kids to school?
A: I will have been exercising for two hours.

Q: How long will you have been back from Hawaii when school starts next month?
A: I will have been back for a week when school starts next month.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER TEN
LOOKING FOR AN APARTMENT
Situation: John and James will start their first semester at the University of Southern California soon,
and they are trying to find an apartment before school starts.

John: Hey, James. What are you doing here?

James: I am looking for an apartment to rent. What are you doing here? Looking for an apartment
also?

John: Yes. Since my parents‟ house is so far away, I need to find an apartment closer to school. I
thought you were going to stay at the school dormitory.

James: I still have not decided whether to stay at the dormitory or not. I am looking at different options
to find the cheapest lodging.

John: So, what are you looking for?

James: All I need is a place big enough for my bed, my desk and my television. Of course, the place
should have a kitchen so that I can cook my meals. I will be living on a very tight budget and will have to
watch every dime.

John: Me too. I cannot work full-time like I did during the summer. I will cut down on my
workload in order to spend most of the time on my studies. So, a safe and decent apartment is all I need.

James: How long have you been looking?

John: I just started this week. Since school is going to start next month, I figured I better start the process
as soon as possible.

James: It is not easy to find an apartment to your liking that does not cost a lot. I have been
looking at the ads in the newspaper for two weeks, and I still have not found anything yet.

John: Really? Is it that difficult to find an apartment?

James: No, it is just that everything I like so far is too expensive and way beyond my reach.

John: Is it because they are very close to school? I heard that the closer they are to school, the higher the
rental cost.

James: Maybe that is the problem. Since I do not have a car, I need to find something close to school.
John: Have you thought about sharing an apartment? If you want, we can find a two bedroom
apartment and share it. It may be cheaper that way.

James: That could solve our problem.

John: Wait! Maybe we should talk this over before we decide.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

James: Right. For this plan to succeed, we need to come up with some sort of agreement or set of
rules.

John: Here is my first question: What do you do during the weekdays?

James: I have to work at Starbucks from 8:00AM to 12:00PM, and then I have school from 1:00PM to
5:00PM. After that I plan to go home, eat dinner, and work on my school
assignments. How about you?

John: Well, I have class from 8:00AM to 10:00AM, and then I go to the library to work until
2:00PM. After that, it is school again until 4:00PM. I plan to stay on campus until 6:00PM to
work on my computer projects, and then go home to work on my other classes‟ assignments.

James: It is my turn to ask the second question. Do you plan to have your friends over at the apartment
very often?

John: No, not on weekdays. I want to finish my homework during the weekdays as much as possible. I
think half of my weekend will also be reserved for homework. If my friends do stop by, it will probably
be during the weekend.

James: Good, I plan to do the same things during school time. I also plan to visit my parents during the
weekend. My mom is a great cook.

John: My parents‟ house is too far to visit once a week. I will go home to see them and my little brother
during the holidays. I need to be happy with whatever foods I cook.

James: It seems that sharing an apartment with you may work. Do you want to try it?

John: Yes. Let‟s go in and take a look at this one.

EXPRESSIONS
Look at different options:
Live on a tight budget:
Watch every dime:
Work full-time:
Work part-time:
Cut down on:
Start the process.
It is beyond my reach.
That could solve our problem:
Talk over:
Come up with some set of rules:
It is my turn to:
Have somebody over:
Take a look at something:

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of two students. Have one student plays the role of John and another the
role of James.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: What is the rental cost of this house?

A: The monthly rent is five hundred dollars.

Q: How big is the house?

A: It has three bedrooms and two bathrooms.

Q: Do I need to give you a security deposit?

A: Yes, I need a three hundred dollar deposit.

Q: What is the security deposit for?

A: To make sure that my tenant takes good care of my house.

Q: Do you require first and last month rent up-front?

A: Yes, I do.

Q: Does the rent cover utilities?

A: No, the tenant will have to pay for his own utility cost.

Q: Who has to take care of the lawn?

A: The tenant will have to take care of the lawn.

Q: Will you call my current landlord for reference?

A: Yes, I need a reference from your current landlord.

Q: When will the house be available?

A: The house will be available in another week.

Q: Do I have to give you notice if I need to move out?

A: I need to give you a month notice if I take the house back, and you need to give me a month
notice if you decide to move out.

Q: When can I move in?

A: I am still accepting rental applications. So, I do not have an answer for your question.

Q: When will you make a decision?

A: Probably in another week.

3) Comprehension test
a) What is James doing?
b) Why does John need to find an apartment?
c) Why is James looking at other options besides the college dormitory?
d) What kind of apartment does James want to rent?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

e) Why is John going to cut down on his workload?
f) Why does John need to start finding an apartment now?
g) How is the rental cost of apartments close to school?
h) Why does James need a place close to school?
i) What is John‟s solution to the high rental cost problem?
j) What is James‟s daily schedule?
k) What is John‟s daily schedule?
l) Do John and James plan to have their friends over during the weekdays?
m) Why is John planning to visit his family only during the holidays?

4) Discussion
a) What type of person do you like to have for roommate?
b) What kind of apartment can you find in your country?
c) Do you prefer staying in an apartment to staying at home with your parents while attending college?
What are the advantages of staying in an apartment? What are the advantages of staying at home?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 GRAMMAR REVIEW
VERBS
Negative form of verbs
To indicate that an action does not happen, we use the negative form of verbs. To express the negative
form of verbs:
1) Add do not or does not when the present tense is used.
I need a place big enough for my bed and my desk. I do not need a place big enough for my bed and my
desk.
She wants breakfast in bed. She does not want breakfast in bed.

2) Add did not to the base form of the verb when the past tense is used.
I started looking for an apartment last weekend. I did not start looking for an apartment last weekend.
I decided to stay at the dormitory. I did not decide to stay at the dormitory.

3) If the verb is in a progressive mode, in the future tense, or in a perfect tense; add not in
between the two parts of the verb.
My brother is sleeping. My brother is not sleeping.
I will go to the movies tonight. I will not go to the movies tonight. I have been to Paris. I have not been to
Paris.

Imperative form of verbs

Verbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence to express a command, a piece of
advice or an instruction.
Wait!
Shut your eyes!
Go this way!

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them
to come up with similar questions and answers.

Q: Do you like to eat steak?

A: No, I do not like steak.

Q: Does she plan to stop by after work?

A: No, she does not plan to stop by.

Q: Do you want to go out tonight?

A: No, I do not want to go out tonight.
Q: Did he break the lamp?
A: No, he did not break the lamp.
Q: Did the baby cry during sleep?
A: No, she did not cry during sleep.

Q: Did your father scold you for being late?

A: No, he did not scold me for being late.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: Is your father eating dinner?
A: No, he is not eating dinner.
Q: Are they going to play in the rain?

A: No, they are not going to play in the rain

Q: Are they going to work overtime?

A: No, they are not going to work overtime.

Q: What did you say?

A: Drive carefully!
Q: What should I do?
A: Listen to your mother!
Q: What was your advice?
A: Don‟t be late for the interview!

Q: What did he want me to do?

A: Ask him yourself!
Q: When should I leave town?
A: Do not leave town until the morning!

Q: Can I eat the cake now?

A: Wait until your father gets home!

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 CHAPTER ELEVEN
FORMAL CONVERSATION
Situation: Jane, Leslie, and Mary are having lunch at the restaurant. Since they will have to
give a presentation on etiquette rules next week, they try to practice by talking very formally to each
other.

Jane: Leslie, may I borrow your cell phone to call my mother after we finish lunch?

Leslie: Yes, of course, Jane. And please, do not forget to ask your mother whether you may go to the
movies with us afterwards.

Mary: Jane, could you pass the salt, please?

Jane: Sure, here you are.

Mary: And the pepper too, please. Thank you.

Jane: You are welcome.

Leslie: Would both of you mind if I stop by Marcus bookstore on our way to the movie?

Jane: No, not at all.

Mary: I would love to look at their New Book selection. So, I would like to stop there also.

Jane: Would both of you like to go shopping after the movie?

Leslie: Maybe some other time. I need to be home by 5:00 o‟clock.

Mary: I can go with you if you want.

Jane: That would be great. I need to pick up a gift for my brother. His birthday is on Sunday next week.
What would you recommend, Mary?

Mary: Just a moment please. Let me think. Maybe a fishing pole since he loves fishing?

Jane: What a clever suggestion! My brother will thank me for the lovely gift. I hope there is a fishing
store in the mall.

Leslie: I ordered too many French fries. Would anybody care for some?

Jane: Yes, I would like some.

Leslie: How about you, Mary?

Mary: No, thank you. I have enough food already.

Jane: Leslie, would you like some of my fried rice?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Leslie: Yes, please. Just a little bit.

Jane: Here you go.

Leslie: Oh, that is enough! No more, please.

Jane: Mary, did you remember to bring my Harry Potter book?

Mary: Oh, I am sorry. I completely forgot about it. Could you call to remind me again tonight?

Jane: Certainly.

Leslie: If you do not mind, may I borrow the book after you are done with it?

Jane: I promised to let John borrow it after I get it back from Mary. You are welcome to have it once
John is finished. John is a fast reader; he will finish it in no time.

Leslie: I, on the other hand, am a pretty slow reader. How long do you think I may keep it?

Jane: I already read it. So, you may keep it as long as you want. Give it back to me at your earliest
convenience.

Leslie: Thank you, Jane. That will save me some money.

Mary: Are we all done? We should leave now to catch the next show; otherwise, we will be late.

Leslie: I am ready anytime you are.

Jane: So am I. Shall we go?

EXPRESSIONS
Pass the salt, please:
Here you are:
Would you mind if:
On our way to:
I would be glad to:
May be some other time:
That would be great:
What would you recommend?:
Just a moment, please:
A very clever suggestion:
Would anybody care for some?:
Certainly:
A fast reader:
A slow reader:
Finish in no time:
On the other hand:
At your earliest convenience:
Catch a movie:
So am I:

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 EXERCISES
1) Conversation Practice
Divide your class into groups of three students. Have one student plays the role of Leslie, another the role
of Mary and another the role of Jane.

2) Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions or greetings and answers. Ask them to
come up with similar questions or greetings and answers.

G: May I introduce myself? I am Jonathan.

A: Nice to meet you. I am Laura.

G: Hello Kevin. How are you?

A: I am fine, thank you.

G: Good to see you, Ana. How are you doing?

A: I am doing fine, thank you.

G: Karen, this is John, our new employee.

A: I am doing fine, thank you.

G: Karen, this is John, our new employee.

A: John, welcome aboard.

G: Thank you for your help.

A: You are welcome.

G: Thank you for your help.

A: My pleasure.

Q: Could you please do me a favor and give Mike a call?

A: I would be glad to give Mike a call.

Q: Could you come back after work, please?

A: Yes, certainly.

Q: Would you like some coffee?

A: Thank you for your offer, but I do not drink coffee.

Q: Excuse me, would you mind repeating that?

A: Not at all.

Q: Could you give me a hand to move this desk, please?

A: Yes, certainly.

Q: May I help you?

A: Thank you for your help.

Q: May I have a word with you, please?

A: Yes, Karen.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

 3) Comprehension test
a) Why does Jane want to borrow Leslie‟s phone?
b) What do they want to do after lunch?
c) What do they want to do on their way to the movie?
d) Why doesn‟t Mary mind stopping at the bookstore?
e) Why doesn‟t Leslie want to go shopping after the movie?
f) What should Jane buy for her brother on his birthday? Why?
g) Why does Leslie want to give away some of her French fries?
h) What did Mary forget to do?
i) Why can‟t Leslie borrow the Harry Potter book after Jane gets it back from Mary?
j) What kind of reader is John?
k) How long can Leslie keep the book?

GRAMMAR REVIEW
VERBS
Contraction of verbs
Verbs do not have to be completely written out. Contractions of verbs are generally
used in informal writing.

Full form Contraction

I am I‟m
You are You‟re
You are not You aren‟t
He/She/It is He/She/It‟s
He/She/It is not He/She/It isn‟t
I have I‟ve
I have not I haven‟t
He/She/It has He/She/It‟s
He/She/It has not He/She/It hasn‟t
I had I‟d
I had not I hadn‟t
I shall, I will I‟ll
I will not I won‟t
I should not I shouldn‟t
I would I‟d
I would not I wouldn‟t
I do not I don‟t
He/She/It does not He/She/It doesn‟t
I did not I didn‟t
I can not I can‟t
I could not I couldn‟t

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used with a main verb to express different
meanings. The three main auxiliary verbs are: be, have and do (principle auxiliary).
Others are:

Models

Can
1) Used to express ability, right or skill.
I can solve this problem. (Ability)
I can use my money any way I want. (Right)
I can sketch a portrait of your child in ten minutes. (Skill)

2) Used to request or grant permission.

Can I eat this cake?
You can go now.

Could
1) Used to express ability, right or skill in the past.
I could solve this problem when I was in fifth grade.
I could use my money anyway I wanted then.
I could sketch a portrait of your child in ten minutes then.

2) Used to express conditional possibility.

If my mother could bake, she would make me a cake.

3) Used to express politeness.

Could you pass the salt, please?

4) Used to express a suggestion.

We could go to the movies once we finish our homework.

5) Has the same meaning as Can with less certainty.

He could fall down if he is not careful.

Will
1) Used to express future actions.
I will go to Paris next week.

2) Used to express a command.

You will clean the house after you finish your homework.

Would
1) Used to express a request or desire.
Would you join me for dinner? (Request)
I would love to look at their New Book selection. (Desire)

2) Used to express a polite request.

Would you mind if I stop by Marcus bookstore on our way to the movie?

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

3) Used to express a habit.
Every year, we would meet to plan a family get-together for my mother’s birthday.

4) Used in implied conditions.

I would have done my homework, but I had company. (The implied condition here is: if I had not had
company)
I never would have stopped at the stop sign without seeing the policeman. (The implied condition here
is: if I had not seen the policeman)

5) Used to express the future in past sentences

He told me he would go to your party.

6) Used to express an intention.

Our mothers would have us clean our rooms every week.

May
1) Used to request permission or to express a polite request.
May I go to the movies? (Request permission)
May I borrow the Harry Potter book after you are done with it? (Polite request)

2) Used to express possibility of an event or condition happening.

It may snow in Denver tomorrow.

3) Used to express a desire or wish.

May you have a great Christmas season!

Might
Used to express a weaker possibility than may.
I might get sick just from sitting next to Mary.

Must
1) Used to express a requirement or necessity.
You must leave for school at 8:00 o’clock. (Requirement) You must do this for me. (Necessity)

2) Used to express a command or demand.

You must stay quiet!

3) Used to express a high level of certainty.

Why is John still at school?
His mother must be late picking him up. (I am quite certain that his mother is late picking him up)

Should
1) Used to express an obligation or duty.
We should leave to catch the next show.
You should finish your work before you leave.

2) Used to express strong probability or expectation.

Mary should be calling us soon. (Expectation)
After those long hours at school, she should do well on her exams. (Very strong probability)

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Ought
Used to express an obligation or duty.
He ought to respect his elders. (Obligation) John ought to serve his country. (Duty)

Let’s (short for “let us”)

Used to make a suggestion.
Let’s go to the movies tonight.

Pair work: Questions/Answers Practice

Pair the students and have them practice the following questions and answers. Ask them to come up with
similar questions and answers.

Q: How are you doing?

A: I‟m doing fine, thank you.

Q: Would you like some coffee

A: I‟d like to have some coffee.

Q: Could you give me a hand?

A: Sorry, I couldn‟t give you a hand.

Q: Do they like cookies?

A: No, they don‟t like cookies.

Q: Did you spend all your money?

A: No, I didn‟t spend all my money.

Q: Have you done your chores?

A: No, I haven‟t done my chores.

Q: Has she read the new novel by James Wood?

A: No, she hasn‟t read the new novel.

Q: Have you done your homework?

A: Yes, I‟ve done my homework.

Q: Are they hungry?

A: Yes, they‟re hungry.

Q: Can they drive?

A: No, they can‟t drive

Q: Had he been drinking before his arrival?

A: No, he hadn‟t been drinking before his arrival.

Q: Had he been sick before he went on vacation?

A: Yes, he‟d been sick before he went on vacation.

Q: Will you return this gift for me?

A: Yes, I‟ll return the gift for you.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.

Q: Will you call him for me?
A: No, I won‟t call him for you.

Q: May I borrow some money?

A: Yes, you may borrow some money from me.

Q: Must he call you before he leaves?

A: No, he mustn‟t call me before he leaves.

Q: Shouldn‟t he finish school before looking for a job?

A: Yes, he should finish school before looking for a job.

prepared by: Teacher Muhammad Hameed Nickzad Head of English Department.