C.O.

M of
Continuous System
Center of Mass 2

COM

COM
2R 4R
π 3π
Semi Ring Semi Disk
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Center Of Mass - Let’s BEGIN
3 identical balls are projected in three different directions as shown below.
Find Time of Flight, Maximum Height & Range of COM!

u2
u1 u3
 u2
u1 u3 uCOM
Solution:
Given
v1 = –3 Î + 4 ĵ ms–1 a1 = – g ĵ ms–2

v2 = 4 ĵ ms–1 a2 = – g ĵ ms–2

v3 = 6 Î + 4 ĵ ms–1 a3 = – g ĵ ms–2

M(v1 ) + M(v2 ) + M(v3 )

VCM =
3M

–3 Î + 4 ĵ + 4ĵ +6Î +4ĵ
VCM =
3
 –3 Î + 4 ĵ + 4 ĵ + 6 Î+ 4 ĵ
VCM = Hence path followed by
3 center of mass is projectile

VCM =
3 Î + 12 ĵ ACM = M(a1 ) +M(a2 ) + M(a3 )
3 3M

VCM = Î + 4 ĵ ms–1 –gĵ +–gĵ + –gĵ

ACM =
3

ACM = – g ĵ ms–2
 y
VCM = I + 4 ĵms–1
g
ux = 1 ms–1
uy
uy = 4 ms–1 Hmax
COM x
ux
2 uy 2×4
T = = = 0.8 sec R
g 10
uy2 42
Hmax = = = 0.8 m
2g 2 ×10

R = ux T = 1 × 0.8 = 0.8 m
COM of Continuous Bodies
 COM of continuous body
➔ Consider a rigid body of mass M
➔ Consider elemental masses dm1, dm2, dm3… from origin having
position vectors r1 , r2 , r3 , respectively
➔ The COM of entire system is having position vector rCOM

y
dm1 dm2

r2 COM
r1
dm3

r3
x

z
 dm1 r1 + dm2 r2 + dm3 r3 +…..
∴ rCM =
dm1 + dm2 + dm3 +….. y
dm1 dm2
n
Σ dm r r2
i=1 i i r1 COM
rCM = n
dm3

Σ
i = 1 dmi
r3
x

∫ dm r z
rCM =
∫ dm
If we know x, y, z coordinates of elemental masses then we
can find XCM, YCM, ZCM of COM

∫ dm r
rCM =
∫ dm

dm1 x1 + dm2x2 + dm3x3 + . . . .

xCOM =
dm1 + dm2 + dm3 + . . . .

n
Σ dmi xi
i=1
XCM =
n
Σ dmi
i=1
 n
Σ dmi xi
i=1 Similarly, the YCM & ZCM of
XCM =
n center of mass can be calculated
Σ dmi
i=1

∫ dm x ∫ dm y
XCM = YCM =
∫ dm ∫ dm

∫ dm z
ZCM =
∫ dm
Numericals on C.O.M. of Continuous Bodies
 Locate the Centre of Mass of thin uniform rod of mass M & length L.

L X
Solution:
➔ Consider the coordinate axis as shown
➔ Consider an elemental mass dm at a distance x from origin
➔ The thickness of this elemental mass is dx
➔ Let, l be the linear mass density of rod
M y
l = kg m–1
L
dm = l dx dx

M dm
dm = dx
L M x
(0, 0)
(L, 0)
x
∫ dm x
L
XCM =
∫ dm
 L
∫dm x M
∫ x dx
XCM = L 0
XCM =
∫dm L
M ∫
dx
L L 0
M
∫ L
dx x
L
XCM = 0
∫ dx
L 0
M
∫ L
dx XCM =
L
0
∫ dx
0
 L
∫ x dx
0 L2 02
XCM = –
L 2 2
∫ XCM =
dx
0 L–0

L L2
x2 XCM =
2L
2
0
XCM =
L L
x XCM =
0 2
 Locate the centre of mass of thin non-uniform rod of length L.
Linear Mass density (µ)
l0 x Y
µ = kg /m
L
where l0 is constant
X
A. (L/3 , 0) L
B. (2L/3 ,0)
C. (L/6 , 0)
D. (L/2 , 0)
Solution:
➔ Consider the coordinate axis as shown y
➔ Consider an elemental mass dm at a
distance x from origin
➔ The thickness of this elemental mass is dx dm
➔ Let, l be the linear mass density of rod
M,0 x
(0, 0) dx (L, 0)
l0 x
µ = kg m–1
L L

dm = µ dx
l0
dm = dx
L

XCM = ∫dm x
∫dm
 l L
∫dm x ∫ x2 dx
XCM = 0L
0
∫dm XCM =
l L

0L
∫ x dx
0

L
∫ l
0
x dx x L
0L
∫ x2 dx
XCM = 0
XCM =
L l L
∫ x dx ∫x dx
0L
0 0
 L
L3 03
∫ x2 dx
3
–
3
XCM = 0
L
XCM =
L2 02
∫ x dx –
0 2 2
L L3 L2
x3 XCM =
3 3 2
XCM 0
=
x2 L
XCM = 2L
2 0 3
COM of Uniform body
Symmetric Bodies
The COM of uniform bodies is at there geometric centre

Ring Disc Square Plate

Cube Hollow Cylinder

 2R R H
π 2 3

Semi Ring Hollow Hemisphere Hollow Cone

3R H
4R 8 4
3π

Semi Disk Solid Hemisphere Solid Cone

Centre of Mass of a Uniform Semicircular Ring
Centre of Mass of a Uniform Semicircular Ring
Let M be the mass and R the radius of a uniform semicircular Ring

M,R

X
(0, 0)
 Y

M,R

X
(0, 0)
 π

XCOM =
1
∫M dθ (R cos θ)
M 0 π
y
π

XCOM R∫0 cosθdθ M, R

= π
COM
π 2R
0,
R ∫0 π
XCOM = cosθ dθ
π
x
R π
(0, 0)
XCOM = [sinθ]0
π
R
XCOM = [sin (π) – sin (0)]
π

XCOM = 0
λ = Linear Mass Density (Kg m–1) dx = R dθ
y
M M
λ= dm = Rdθ (R cos θ, R sin θ)
πR πR
dx, dm
M
dm = λ dx dm = dθ dθ
π R R sin θ
θ x
(0, 0) R cos θ
∫ dm x ∫dm y
XCOM =
YCOM =
∫ dm ∫dm
π
π
XCOM = ∫
1 M
dθ (R cos θ) 1 M
∫ dθ (R sin θ)
M0 π YCOM =
M0 π
 π
1 M
YCOM
M0 π
∫
dθ (R sin θ)
=
y
π

=∫
R sinθ dθ
YCOM M, R
0 π
COM
π 2R

YCOM =
R ∫ sinθ dθ
0, π
π 0

π x
YCOM = R [–cosθ] (0, 0)
π 0

R
YCOM = [(–cos π)–(–cos 00)]
π

YCOM 2R
π
=
Centre of Mass of Uniform Semi Disc
Centre of Mass of Uniform Semi Disc
Let M be the mass and R the radius of the Semi Disc

M, R

x
(0, 0)
 y

M, R

x
(0, 0)
Centre of Mass of Uniform Semi Disc
y
dA = Elemental area of semi-Ring (M, R)
2 dm
dA = π [y + dy] πy2
– 2 dy
2 0
dA = πy dy y
dA = π [y 2 + dy2 + 2ydy – y2]

2 x
σ = Surface Mass Density (Kg m–2) (0, 0)

M dm = σ dA
σ=
π R2 2M πy dy
2 dm =
πR2
2M 2M
σ= dm = y dy
π R2 R
2
 y
(M, R)
2M y dy dm
dm = 2 dy
R
y

XCOM
=
∫dm x′ x
(0, 0)
∫ dm
R
XCOM =
1 ∫
dm(0) X′ and Y′ are coordinates of
M 0
COM of elemental semi-ring
2y
XCOM = 0 which is 0,
π
 ∫dm y’ y
YCOM =
∫dm (M, R)
dm
dy
R
YCOM = 1 ∫ 2M
y dy
2y
π
y
M 0 R2 x
(0, 0)
R
4
YCOM =
πR2 0
∫
y2 dy

R
4 y3
YCOM=
πR2 3 0
4R
YCOM =
3π
Centre of Mass of Uniform Semi Disc
y
XCOM = 0 (M, R)

COM
4R
0,
4R 3π
YCOM =
3π
x
(0, 0)
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Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
 11th / 9, 10

12th / Drop

NAMO

NAMOLIVE
Thank You
@namokaul