PLANT TISSUE
1) What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Tissue are made up of a group of cells carrying a specialised function. Each
specialised function is taken up by a different tissue. Since these cells of a
tissue carry out only a particular function, they do it very efficiently. For
example: In human beings, muscle cells contract or relax to cause
movement, nerve cell carry messages, etc. Likewise in plants vascular
tissue (xylem and phloem) conduct water and food from one part of the
plant to other parts.
2) a) Name the types of simple tissues.
b) Differentiate between Parenchyma, Collenchyma and
Sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
a) Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma
PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA
1. Cell wall is primary Cell wall is primary Cell wall is secondary
2. Cell wall is thin and Cell wall has irregular Cell wall is uniformly
made up of very less thickening of pectin. thick due to deposition
cellulose of lignin
3) a) Where is apical meristem found?
b) Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
a) Apical meristem is found in shoot apex and root apex of plants.
b) Sclerenchyma
4) Differentiate between meristematic tissue and permanent tissue
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE PERMANENT TISSUE
1. The cells divide repeatedly. The cells do not divide repeatedly.
2. The cells are undifferentiated. The cells are fully differentiated.
3. The cells are small and The cells are variable in shape and
isodiametric. size.
4. The cell walls are thin. The cell walls are thin or thick.
5) Identify the type of tissue in the following: (a) Bark of tree,
(b) Vascular bundle, (c) Crunchy fruits, (d) Lateral sides of roots and
stem, (e) Base of leaves and (f) Water hyacinth plant.
ANSWER: (a) Bark of tree - Cork (Protective tissue)
(b) Vascular bundle - Complex permanent tissue
(c) Crunchy fruits - Sclerenchyma
(d)Lateral sides of roots and stem - Lateral meristem
(e) Base of leaves - Intercalary meristem
(f) Water hyacinth plant - Aerenchyma.
6. What is a tissue?
A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to do a
peculiar function is called
7. What are the constituents of phloem?
Phloem is made up of four types of elements sieve tube, companion
cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.
8. How many types of elements together make up the xylem
tissue? Name them.
The xylem is made up of vessels, trachieds, xylem fibres and xylem
parenchyma.
9. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in
plants?
Simple tissues are made up of one type of cells which coordinate to
perform a common function.
Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these
coordinate to perform a common function.
10. What are the functions of stomata?
The outermost layer of the cell is called epidermis and is very
porous. These pores are called stomata. These stomata help in
transpiration and exchange of gases.
11. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
In the pith of the roots and stems. When it contains chlorophyll, it is
called chlorenchyma, found in green leaves. In aquatic plants,
parenchyma contains large air cavities and help them to float. Such type
of parenchyma is called aerenchyma.
12. What is the role of epidermis in plants?
Epidermal cells on the aerial part of the plant secrete a layer of wax
like substance to protect the plant from mechanical injuries, loss of water
and parasitic fungi. In the roots, the epidermal cells help in the absorption
of water. It protects all the parts of plants.
13. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
Cork acts as a protective tissue because its cells are dead and
compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They have deposition of
suberin on the walls that make them impervious to gases and water.
ANIMAL TISSUES
14. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.
1. Muscular tissue, 2. Nervous tissue, combination of both the tissues
are responsible for movement in our body.
15. What does a neuron look like?
A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from
which long thin hair like parts arise. Each neuron has a single long part
called the axon, and many small, short branched parts called dendrite. An
individual nerve cell is called neuron, it may be up to a metre long.
16. Give three features of cardiac muscles.
Feature of cardiac muscles
(1) Heart muscles (cardiac muscles) are cylindrical, branched and
uninucleated
(2) They are striated muscle fibres.
(3) They are involuntary muscles, cannot be controlled by us.
17. What are the Junctions of areolar tissue?
Areolar tissue are connective tissues found in animal. It is found
between skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the
bone marrow.
It fills the space inside the organs, supports internal organs and helps in
the repair of tissues.
18. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types
of muscle fibres.
Striated muscles
(1) They are connected to bones (Skeletal muscles).
(2) They are voluntary muscles.
(3) The cells are long, cylindrical with many nucleus and are unbranched.
Smooth muscles
(1) They are found in alimentary canal and lungs.
(2) They are involuntary muscles.
(3) They are spindle in shape and have single nucleus.
Cardiac muscles
(1) They are found in heart.
(2) They are involuntary in action.
(3) They are branched and have one nucleus.
19. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?
(1) Cardiac muscles cells are cylindrical, branched and uninucleated.
(2) They are involuntary muscles.
(3) They show rhythmically contraction and relaxation throughout life.
(4) Their rhythmic contraction and relaxation helps in pumping action of
heart.
20. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles
on the basis of their structure and location in the body.
21. Identify the type of tissue in the following: Skin, bark of tree,
bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
(a) Skin—Striated squamous epithelium
(b) Bark of tree—Cork, protective tissue
(c) Bone—Connective tissue
(d) Lining of kidney tubule—Cuboidal epithelium tisse
(e) Vascular bundle—Conducting tissue
22. Name the following.
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Answers:
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth – The epithelial tissue,
Squamous epithelium.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans – Tendon
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants – Phloem
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body – Adipose tissue
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix – Blood, it is a fluid connective
tissue
(f) Tissue present in the brain – Nervous tissue
