Designation: D1869 − 15

Standard Specification for

Rubber Rings for Fiber-Reinforced Cement Pipe1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1869; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope C428 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Nonpressure Sewer

1.1 This specification covers rubber rings used to seal the Pipe
joints of asbestos-cement pipe conforming to Specifications C668 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Transmission Pipe
C296, C428, C668, and non-asbestos fiber-cement pipe con- C1449 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Non-
forming to Specification C1449. pressure Sewer Pipe
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
1.2 A specification is given for (1) natural or synthetic D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
rubber rings, or both, where resistance to oil or solvents is not tic Elastomers—Tension
required, and (2) synthetic rubber rings for services involving D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
resistance to oil or solvents. D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Oven
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D865 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heating in
only. Air (Test Tube Enclosure)
1.4 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. D1415 Test Method for Rubber Property—International
Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health Hardness
risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. D2137 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Brittleness Point
In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos- of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa- D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of ness
Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”2 2.2 Other Document:4
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), Rubber Hand-
test methods portion, Section 9, of this standard: This standard book MO-1—Molded, Extruded, Lathe-Cut and Cellular
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, Products
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
3. Composition and Manufacture
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior 3.1 The ring shall consist of a properly vulcanized virgin
to use. rubber compound. Virgin rubber is defined as one containing
no scrap, reclaim, or rubber substitutes.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 If a joint is used in the manufacture of the ring, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 strength of the spliced joint shall be such that the ring will
C296 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe withstand the stretch test described in 9.8 with no visible
separation or peeling.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.37 on Coated Fabrics, Rubber
4. Physical Requirements
Threads and Seals. 4.1 Sample rings taken from the shipment shall conform to
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1869 – 95 (2010).
the requirements for physical properties prescribed in Table 1
DOI: 10.1520/D1869-15. when tested in accordance with the test methods specified in
2
Available from The Asbestos Institute, http://www.chrysotile.com/en/sr_use/ Section 9.
manual.htm.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), 1400 K St., NW,
the ASTM website. Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005, http://www.rma.org.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 D1869 − 15
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Rubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe
Type of Rubber Ring
Test
Nonoil-Resistant Oil-Resistant
Original Properties:
Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi):
Average of three specimens 14.0 (2000) 10.5 (1500)
Lowest individual 12.5 (1800) 9.0 (1300)
Elongation, min, %:
Average of three specimens 350 325
Lowest individual 325 300
Hardness numberA nominal ±5 nominal ±5
Stress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi):
Max 16.0 (2300) 16.0 (2300)
Min 8.4 (1200) 7.0 (1000)
Compression set, max, % 16 25
Low-temperature flexibility no cracks no cracks
After Oven Aging:
Tensile strength, average decrease, max, % 15 20
Elongation, average decrease, max, % 25 30
Hardness, average increase, max, points 7 15
After Water Aging:
Volume change, max, % 12 12
Appearance change no surface degradation no surface degradation
After Oil Aging:
Tensile strength, average decrease, max, % ... 35
Elongation, average decrease, max, % ... 40
Hardness, average change, points ... −10 to + 2
Volume change, average, % ... −1 to + 15
A
Nominal hardness shall be from 50 to 60 as specified by the pipe manufacturer.

5. Dimensions and Tolerances 7.2 These shall be stretched and examined as specified in
5.1 The rings shall conform to the dimensions specified by 9.8. A sufficient additional number of rings shall be drawn at
the manufacturer of the pipe in which the rings are to be used, random for the tests specified in Table 1.
with an RMA Class 3 (see 2.2) tolerance of 60.25 up to 25 mm
(60.010 up to 1 in.) on all cross-section dimensions, and 61 % 8. Precision and Bias
on all diametral dimensions, unless otherwise agreed upon by 8.1 This is a performance specification establishing limits
the pipe manufacturer and the ring supplier. for commercial product quality. No precision or bias state-
NOTE 1—The design and tolerances of fiber-reinforced cement pipe are ments are required.
not sufficiently standardized to permit interchangeability of rings in many
cases from pipe of one manufacturer to that of another. 9. Test Methods
6. Workmanship 9.1 Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Stress at 300 %
6.1 The surface shall be smooth and free of pitting, cracks, Elongation—Test Methods D412:
blisters, air marks, and any other imperfection that would affect 9.1.1 Cut samples for tensile strength, elongation, and stress
its behavior in service. The body shall be free of porosity and at 300 % elongation tests from circumferential sections of the
air pockets. ring itself.
6.2 The flash thickness shall not exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.), 9.1.2 From these samples stamp dumbbell test specimens
nor the flash width 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) at any point in the ring. using a standard ASTM Type C dumbbell conforming to Fig. 1
of Test Methods D412.
6.3 Offset, or failure of the mold to register accurately, shall
not exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.). 9.1.3 The sections from which the dumbbells are cut shall
be prepared by sectioning a sample ring held rigidly in a jig,
7. Sampling which in turn is mounted in a chuck of a machinist’s lathe. A
sharp, thin cutting knife shall be mounted in the lathe holder
7.1 A number of sample rings shall be drawn at random
and the cut made at a right angle to the jig face. The cutting site
from each shipment of rings in accordance with Table 2.
shall be lubricated at all times by a jet of cool water.
9.1.4 These sections shall be buffed lightly prior to cutting
TABLE 2 Sampling Plan for Stretch Test for Visual Inspection
into dumbbell specimens in order to bring them to a uniform
Maximum Number of
Number of Rings Number of Rings in
Defectives for
thickness for testing.
in Shipment Sample
Acceptance
Up to 800 75 4
9.2 Hardness:
801 to 3 200 150 8 9.2.1 Test Method D1415 shall be used as the referee
3 201 to 8 000 225 11
8 001 to 22 000 300 14
method.
9.2.2 Test Method D2240 may be used for quality control.

2
 D1869 − 15
9.2.3 Hardness readings for guidance purposes may be 9.5.4 Oven age oil-resistant specimens for 22 6 0.25 h at
taken directly on the ring, recognizing that those may vary 100 6 1°C.
slightly from those taken on dumbbell specimens. 9.6 Low-Temperature Flexibility:
9.3 Air Aging: Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Hardness: 9.6.1 Test Methods D2137.
9.3.1 Test Methods D865 (preferred) or D573, in conjunc- 9.6.2 Prepare test specimens in accordance with 9.1.2 –
tion with Test Methods D412 and D1415 or D2240. Prepare 9.1.4. The temperature of test shall be -25 6 2°C.
test specimens in accordance with 9.1.
9.7 Oil Aging: Tensile Strength, Elongation, Hardness, and
9.3.2 Age nonoil-resistant specimens for 166 6 2 h at 70 6
Volume Change:
2°C.
9.7.1 Test Method D471.
9.3.3 Age oil-resistant specimens for 70 6 0.7 h at 100 6
9.7.2 Prepare test specimens for tensile strength, elongation,
2°C.
and hardness tests in accordance with 9.1.2 – 9.1.4.
9.4 Water Aging: Volume and Appearance Change: 9.7.3 Prepare specimens for the volume change test in
9.4.1 Cut one specimen 50 6 3 mm (2.0 6 0.1 in.) long and accordance with 9.4.1.
not less than 13 mm2 (0.2 in.2) in cross section from each of 9.7.4 Immerse the specimens in ASTM Oil No. 3 for 70 6
three rings. 0.7 h at 100 6 2°C.
9.4.2 Totally immerse the specimens in the siphon cup of an
insulated 3-dm3 extraction apparatus, and hold at a temperature 9.8 Stretch Test for Visual Examination:
of 100 6 2°C for 20 consecutive days. Suspend the specimens 9.8.1 Stretch the rings until the circumference has increased
at least 50 mm (2 in.) beneath the surface of the water in such 50 %.
a manner that they do not contact one another or the surface of 9.8.2 Inspect each ring visually for defects in accordance
the cup. with 3.2 and 6.1.
9.4.3 Immediately after removal from the boiling water, blot 9.8.3 The number of rings to be examined and the maximum
the specimens, weigh and calculate the volume increase in number of defective rings for acceptance of the lot is shown in
accordance with Test Method D471. Table 2.
9.4.4 Average the values obtained for the three specimens.
10. Product Marking
9.5 Compression Set:
9.5.1 Method B of Test Methods D395, except cut three 10.1 Each ring shall be marked with clearly legible letters,
specimens from separate rings about 75 mm (3 in.) in length the size of which shall not exceed 6 mm (1⁄4 in.).
and the full cross-sectional area of the ring in a compression 10.2 The markings shall include the ring manufacturer’s
device 50 mm long. name or symbol, the pipe manufacturer’s name or symbol, the
9.5.1.1 Place the specimens in the compression device with pipe size and pressure rating, and the year of manufacture.
the inside and outside circumference sides in contact with the
compression plates. 10.3 Each oil-resistant synthetic rubber ring shall be marked
9.5.1.2 If this is impractical because of the size or shape of with a color stripe, dot, or other identifying mark to distinguish
the specimens, they shall be placed in the compression device this ring from the nonoil-resistant type.
in a manner that will give the most accurate values. 10.3.1 The shape and color of the mark shall be as specified
9.5.2 Make a reference measurement at any convenient by the manufacturer of the pipe in which the ring is to be used.
point where the section is solid and compress the specimen
50 % at the reference point, using spacers. 11. Keywords
9.5.3 Oven age nonoil-resistant specimens for 22 6 0.25 h 11.1 asbestos-cement pipe; fiber-cement pipe; non-oil resis-
at 70 6 2°C. tant; oil-resistant; rubber rings

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