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STRUCTURE
OR
FORMALIST
Subject : ENGLISH Submit by : GRUPO NI FRITZ 😜
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WHAT IS
FORMALIST
APPROACH
Aapproach in which the text under discussion is
considered primarily as a structure of words.
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WHAT IS THE
DEFINITION
The formalist approach is a method of literary analysis that emphasizes
the form, structure, and technical elements of a work rather than its
content or historical context. Formalists focus on aspects such as
language, rhythm, symbolism, and narrative techniques to interpret
meaning and understand the aesthetic qualities of a text. This approach
often seeks to uncover patterns and techniques within the work itself.
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EXAMPLE
Structuralist example:Symbolic
Systems: Finally, a structuralist reading
1. Formalist example:Sonnet 18" by
might interpret the novel's symbols and William Shakespeare: Even a short
metaphors as part of a larger symbolic poem like this can be subject to
system. For instance, Holden's red formalist analysis, examining its formal
hunting hat could be seen as a symbol of structure (sonnet form), use of metaphor
his desire for individuality and protection and imagery (the comparison of the
from the harsh realities of the adult beloved to a summer's day), and rhyme
world, contributing to the overall scheme to understand how Shakespeare
structural coherence of the text. creates beauty and immortality through
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Group 1
13
SALIENT FEATURE
(MOST IMPORTANT)
SALIENT FEATURE(Most important
idea/Characterization)
Structuralism is based on the assumption
that every text has a universal, underlying
structure. Formalism analyses the structure
of a text without focusing on the external
factors such as authorship, social and
cultural influence.
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HOW TO WRITE
1.Close Reading: Begin by conducting a close reading of the text. 2.Identify Structural Patterns: Look for underlying structures
Pay attention to its formal elements, including language, imagery, and patterns within the text. This could include binary
narrative structure, symbolism, and rhythm. Take notes on oppositions, recurring themes, narrative arcs, or linguistic
recurring patterns, motifs, and structural elements that contribute structures. Identify how these structural elements contribute to
to the overall meaning of the text.
the text's meaning and significance.
3.Analyze Language and Style: Examine the language and style 4.Examine Narrative Techniques: Analyze the text's
of the text. Consider the author's choice of words, sentence narrative techniques, such as point of view, narrative voice,
structure, tone, and rhetorical devices. Analyze how these and temporal structure. Consider how these techniques
elements contribute to the text's formal qualities and aesthetic
shape the reader's experience and contribute to the text's
appeal.
formal unity.
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HOW TO WRITE
5.Interpret Symbols and Imagery: Interpret symbols, metaphors, 6.Consider Formal Constraints: Reflect on any formal
and imagery within the text. Analyze how these literary devices constraints or conventions that govern the text, such as genre
create meaning and contribute to the text's formal structure. conventions or poetic forms. Analyze how the text adheres to
Consider how they may function as part of broader structural or subverts these constraints and what effect this has on its
systems or thematic motifs.
formal qualities
7.Engage in Textual Analysis: Provide close readings of specific 8.Compare and Contrast: Compare the formal features of
passages or excerpts from the text. Analyze the language, the text with other works of literature. Consider how
imagery, and formal elements within these passages to uncover different authors use formal elements to achieve similar or
deeper meanings and insights. Use textual evidence to support different effects. Analyze what sets the text apart in terms
your interpretations. of its formal qualities and structural innovations.
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9.Consider Reader Response: Reflect on the reader's response to
the text's formal qualities. Analyze how the text's form shapes the
reader's interpretation and emotional response. Consider how
formal elements contribute to the text's accessibility,
engagement, and impact on the reader.
Draw Conclusions: Synthesize your analysis and draw conclusions
about the text's formal qualities and structural dynamics. Consider
how the identified structures contribute to the text's overall
meaning, thematic resonance, and aesthetic appeal. Reflect on
the significance of your findings within the broader context of
literary criticism and theory.
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SHORT HISTORY AND
ORIGIN
(FORMALISM)
SHORT HISTORY AND ORIGIN (of formalism)
Formalism originated separately in several parts of the world and was never a united movement with well defined goals for art
and literary critique. Formalism became popular in Eastern Europe (mostly Russia and Poland) in the beginning of the 20th
century.
Formalism is an innovative 20th-century Russian school of literary criticism. It started with two organizations: OPOYAZ, an
acronym for Russian terms meaning Society for the Study of Poetic Language, created in 1916 in St. Petersburg (later Leningrad)
and managed by Viktor Shklovsky, and the Moscow Linguistic Circle, founded in 1915.
Formalism is a critical approach that views the text under consideration primarily as a word structure. That is, the primary
attention is on language arrangement rather than word connotations or the work's biographical and historical relevance.
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SHORT HISTORY AND
ORIGIN(STRUCTURALISM )
SHORT HISTORY AND ORIGIN (of structuralism)
Structuralism in linguistics and literary studies tracks its origins to the work of the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure at the turn
of the 20th century. Roman Jakobson invented the word "structuralism" as part of his ongoing work in linguistics, semiotics, and
literary analysis.
The structural approach to the study of language is traced back to the works of the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. For
Saussure, language must be evaluated by looking at its present state as opposed to its analysis based on its history or how
language changed over time.
Structuralism examines the hidden patterns that influence how people think, conduct, and communicate. It began with people
like Ferdinand de Saussure and Claude Lévi-Strauss, who aimed to understand the underlying processes that define human
societies and cultures. Essentially, it's about discovering the unspoken norms that affect everything from language to social
behavior.
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QUIZ TIME
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Group 1
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1. Which Russian organization focused on
the study of poetic language and
contributed to the development of
formalism?
A. Society for Russian poetry
B. The Russian Academy
C. OPOYAZ
D. Moscow linguistic circle
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Group 1
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2. Who managed the organization known
for its contributions to formalist literally
criticism?
A. Viktor Shklovsky
B. Roman Jakobson
C. Claude Levi-Strauss
D. Ferdinand de Saussure
| Claudia Alves |
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Group 1
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3. What is the primary focus of the
formalist approach to literally criticism?
A. The historical relevance of the text
B. The language arrangement and form of
the text
C. The biography of the author
D. The social and cultural influence of the
text
| Claudia Alves |
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Group 1
13
4. In formalist literally criticism, how do
constraints and conventions such as genre
and politic forms affect the text?
A. They dictate the political significance
of the text
B. They have no effect on the text analysis
C. They influence the text formal qualities
and structure
D. They shape the historical account within
the text
| Claudia Alves |
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Group 1
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5. What is fundamental assumption of
structuralism as it pertains to text?
A literally text has a universal, underlying
structure
B. Text are influenced by the authors
personal life
C. Text must be placed within a historical
context to be understood
D. The language of a text changes
meaning over time
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Group 1
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) 6. When conducting a close reading of a
text from a formalist perspective, what
aspect IS NOT typically emphasized
A. Historicity of the text
B. Language
C. Symbolism
D. Rhythm
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Group 1
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7. When technique involves looking for
binary opposition and recurring themes
within the text?
A. Structural analysis
B. Biographical Analysis
C. Historical Analysis
D. Comprehensive Analysis
| Claudia Alves |
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Group 1
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8. Which of those aspect would be a
formalist critic be LEAST likely to consider
when analyzing a text?
A. Tone
B. Rhetorical evidences
C. Symbolism
D. Social behavior of the author
| Claudia Alves |
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Group 1
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10. In formalist criticism, how do you
constraints and conversations such as
genre and poetic forms affect the text?
A. They dictate the political significance
of the text
B. They have no effect on the analysis
C. They influence the text formal qualities
and structure
D. They shape the historical account within
the text
| Claudia Alves |
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Group 1
13
9. Who's known for originate the term
"structuralism"
A. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Roman Jakobson
C. Viktor Shklovsky
D. Claude Levi-Strauss
| Claudia Alves |
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Subject : ENGLISH Submit by : GRUPO NI FRITZ
