Introduction of Science, Technology and Society (STS)

Science- a systematic and organized body of knowledge that explains or predicts nature and the universe.
Science- is the parent (cause) of technology.
Technology- is the collection of methods, techniques and processes used in the production of goods and services or the
accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation or any other demands.
Technology- is the child (product) of science
Technology uses scientific principles and scientific findings in achieving technological advancements and improvement.
Without science, technological improvement is left to chance.
Science and technology affect society in general .

Historical Development of Science and Technology in the World

Science and Technology had been around from the beginning of time.
The earliest form of human artifacts about 2.3 million years ago.
Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543)- a mathematician and astronomer -he proposed that the sun is the center of the
universe and earth revolved around it.
Charles Darwin- had two natural evolution theories.
The origin of species ( 1859) and Descent of Man ( 1871)
Sigmund Freud- born on May 6, 1856- an Austrian physician who emphasized the role of psychoanalysis in dealing with
personality
Three levels of mind
1. Pre-conscious mind - located between the unconscious and conscious mind.
2. Unconscious mind - is the highest level of the mind that contained repressed urges, thoughts memories and wishes.
3. Conscious mind - lowest level of mind and recalled at anytime.
Three structures of personality
1. Id- animalistic nature of man - makahayop
2. Ego - is the human nature of man- makatao
3. Super ego - its strives perfection conscience- maka diyos
The 5 psycho sexual stages of development are
1. Oral ( 0-1 year )- pleasure centers on the mouth -sucking, biting, chewing
2. Anal ( 1-3 years) - pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination
3. Phallic- ( 4-6 years)- pleasures zone is the genitals coping, with incestuous sexual feeling
4. Latency- ( 7-12 years) - dormant sexual feelings. Identification process.
5. Genital ( 13+ years)- maturation of sexual interest.

Science and Technology and nation building

Role of science and technology in nation building
* technology is always linked with development phase. Technology occurs when there is advancement in science.
* modernization in every aspects of life is the greatest example of implementation.
Contribution of Science and technology in society
* science affects virtually everyone- agriculture and food production, genetic research in medicine, global change and
energy.
* many of the problems now facing humankind can be solved only if we approach science more holistically. The power
of science to bring about changes places a duty on scientist
Contribution of science and technology in the environment
* the availability of computer systems in homes and in work environment has eradicated the need to have reams of
paper files, in the long run, this simple changes will have a considerable impact on the environment and help to preserve
forest. One of the principal reasons behind the significant gap between the developing world and developed world is
lack of technology.
Contribution of science and technology and the government policies
DOST- department of science and technology -is the executive department of the phil Government responsible for the
coordination of science and technology-related projects in the philippines and to formulate policies and projects in the
fields of science and technology in support of national development.’

Major development ins science and technology in the Philippines

- to help the country leapfrog its constrains to growth , USAID has strategically included science and technology and
innovation (STI) in its programming.

Major personalities in Science and Technology in the Philippines

Regine Cobato Documented seven Filipino scientist who are changing the world.

1. Reina Reyes- astrophysicist, on of Reyes passion projects is pinoy Scientists is a blog that features mostly young
Filipino scientists across different fields and from across the world.
2. Irene Crislologo - radar meteorologist - based in Postdam, Germany working on open source methods for processing
data.
3. Julios Sempio- speciallist in geoinformatics and remote sensing.
4. Andrea Carillo - astrophysicist , based in Austin in the UNited States where she is finishing a doctorate degree at the
univertsity of texas.
5. Kamela Ng - molecular epidemiologist , split her time between the Institute of tropical Medicine
6. Migs Canilao- anthropologist and archaeologist, specializes in environmental and urban geography. He is completing
his studies at the University of Illinois in Chicago.
7. Sarah Oliva- geophysicist, based in Tulane, new Orleans , united States, she had a background in physics and material
science but preferred geoloogy because her dad is geologist.

List of Famous Filipino Biologists

1. Angel C. Alcala- worked for the conservation of tropical marine resources and invented artificial coral reefs that are to
be used for fisheries in the Southeast Asia.
2. Benjamin [Link]- has been involved in medical parasitology and public health and has published over 100
scientific studies.
3. Pedro B. Escuro- has achieved fame as a plant breeder. He developed high-yield varieties of C4 rice that was hardly.
Against diseases and pests.
4. Edgardo Gomez- researches marine ecosystems and is well-known marine biologist. His work on coral reefs led to
saving the true giant clam from extinction.
5. Bienvenido O. Juliano - has spent much of his life improving the grain quality of rice. He made the rice economical and
more nutritious.
6. Milagrosa R. Martinez - ia a pioneer in the field of micro- algae culture.
7. Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza - has performed research in plant biochemistry, particularly in the makapuno phenotype of
coconut and the nutritional worth of certain legumes in the Philippines, Cassava, and the sweet potatoes.
8. Baldomero Olveria Jr. - has conducted research in the fields of molecular biology and bio chemistry and he has
isolated key DNA enymes,
9. Eduardo Quisumbing- is an authority of the Phil. Plants. He has published numerous papers, many concerning
medicinal plants, like orchids.
10. Asuncion Raymundo - is a researcher into the chemistry of natural products.
11. Reynaldo A. Tabada- has made contibutions in air pollution and water resources
12. Carmen VElasques- ahs studied parasites and their hosts in the fish or fish parasitology
13. Benito S. Vergara- is an expert on the flowering response of rice to photoperiodism and physiology.
14. Prescillano M. Zamora- has done work on the xylem elements of vascular plants. His research on ferns has led to the
discovery.

Science Education in the Philippines

The most logical anchor for the environmental education subjects being taught in schools is Science.
- students from the philippines performed poorly in mathematics and science compared to other nations in the world.
- the philippines ranks a poor seventh among nine Southeast Asian nations in the area of education and innovation.

Science and Technology and the human Condition

The Human Flourishing in terms of Science and technoloy

Due to the rapid advances of science and technology in todays contemporary world, there are questions being raised
about human life, human flourishing, human suffering and death.
*Technology as a way of revealing- “ the question Concerning technology” Martin Heidegger states that technology is a
way of revealing and this is closely connected with what he elsewhere calls regioning”, which means “ the clearing of
Being”.
* human Flourishing - is an effort ti achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of
individuals, each with the right to pursue his or her own such efforts.
- theory of Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)-
- dealt on self-actualization ( self-fulfilment, reaching ones potential to the fullest, creativeness and appreciation of
beauty and symmetry) as the last level of mans motivation.
-encompasses the uniqueness, dignity, diversity freedom, happiness and holistic well- being of the individual within the
larger family community and population.
-achieving human flourishing is a lifelong existential journey of hopes, achievements, regrets losses, illness, suffering and
coping.
* shalom- signifies a number of things.
* the Good Life- is a philosophical term for the life that one would like to live.
* the ultimate expression of life is living a good life.
- constitutes a good life-
1. Produce as much as you can-
2. Develop good friends
3. Keep your culture alive
4. Your spiritually counts a lot
5. don’t miss anything
6. Inspire your family and the inner circle
- when technology and humanity Cross-
* whether we like it or not, technology will radically alter not just our society and economy but our values and lifestyle
as well.
- examination of Human Rights-
Human being has an innate right to be valued, respected, and to receive ethical treatment. These right enshrined in the
constitution to the individual in a democratic state on the belief that the individual has intrinsic dignity which must be
respected and safeguarded., under DEMOCRATIC country, there are 3 human rights
1. Natural rights- rights possessed by man not granted by the state, but conferred to him by GOD and nature so that he
may live happily. Ex. Right to happiness, right to live, and the right to love.
2. Statutory rights- right granted to individuals by laws which are promulgated by the law-making body and
consequently may be abolished by the same body. Ex. Right to receive minimum wage, right to receive 13 th month pay.
3. Constitutional Rights- right of the citizens to participate directly or indirectly to the establishment or administration of
the government, rights are the ff. - right of citizenship, right of suffrage, right on information on matters of public
concern., civil rights, social and economical rights and rights to accused.
-Is Google making us stupid?
“is google making us stupid?”- is the title of magazine article by technology writer Nicholas G. Carr and is highly critical
of the internet effect on cognition. It is published in the july and august 2018 edition of the Atlantic Magazine as a 6-
page cover story., the main argument of this is that the internet might have detrimental effects on cognition that
diminish the capacity for concentration and contemplation.
Why the future doesn’t need us?
This is the same title of an article written by Bill Joy in the April 2000 issue of wired magazine, he stated in his article that
“ our most powerful 21st century technologies - robotics, genetic engineering and nanotech- are threatening to make
humans an endangered species.
Local Government policies that protect the well- being of the person in the Face of new Technologies

1. Republic Act No. 10173- approved on January 6, 2012, this law is known as the DATA Privacy Act of 2012. this law
protects the fundamental human rights of privacy of communication which ensures free flow of information to promote
innovation and growth.
2. 1987 constitution - which stipulates that the “ state shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balance and
healthful ecology with the rhythm of nature.
3. Philippine Agenda 21- which serves as the nations blueprint for sustainable development.
4. Inter-agency Committee on Climate Change ( IA CCC) which aimed at harnessing and synergizing the various activities
undertaken by the national government and civil society in response to the crisis pose by the growing problem on
climate change
5. Republic Act 8749 ( clean Air Act of 1999) - that moves for an effective air quality management program that will
mitigate the worsening problem of air population in the country.
6. Republic Act no. 8435 ( agriculture and foresty Modernization Act of 1997) states that the department of Agriculture
should take into account climate change, weather disturbance, and annual productivity cycle in order to forecast and
formulate appropriate agricultural and fisheries programs.
7. Republic Act No. 9003 ( solid waste Management Act of 2000) aimed at providing a comprehensive solution to the
countrys garbage problem.
8. Republic Act No. 9275 ( philippine Clean water Act of 2004 ) moves for comprehensive water quality management.
9. Administrative Order 171, 2007 created Presidential Task Force on Climate Change (PTFCC) to address and mitigate
the impact of climate change in the Philippines.
10. Republic Act No. 9729 Climate change act of 2009- systematized and integrated the concept of climate change in the
policy formulation and development plan of all government agencies and units to prepare the government for the
impact of climate change.
11. Phiippine Climate Change Commission (PCCC) under the office of the President as the policy making body of the
government to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the program and action plan relating to climate change.
12. Natural Framework strategy on climate change 2010-2022 committed towards ensuring and strengthening the
adaption of our natural ecosystem ang human communities to climate change.

Current Issues in Science and Technology

1. Personalized genetic test/ medicine
2. Hacking into medical devices
3. Driverless Zipcars
4. 3-D printing
5. Adaptation to climate change
6. Low-quality and counterfeit pharmaceuticals
7. Autonomous system
8. Human-animal hybrids
9. Ensuring Access to wireless and spectrum
10. Human enhancements