KHiBCbKHM HAIIOHAJIBHUM YHIBEPCHTET IMEHI TAPACA IIIEBYEHKA TECT N3 3 ABT JMMICEKOI MOBH 201A BCTYDHMKIB JO MATICTPATYPH KHiB 2013[PARTI READING Task 1. You are going to read a conversation, For questions I - 5, choose the answer from the list (A — #) to complete the conversation, There are two extra items that ‘you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: | O | A Jane: Well, it's obviously very difficult for you, Monica. No wonder you're confused and upset. Monica: (0) Mmm, I don't know which Way to turn, to be honest, that's why I've phoned you. I need some good advice, Jane: OK, first of all, | think you need to talk to someone about the debts you have. A real professional. Monica: (1)_¢ Jane: But I do, Monica. At the end of the programme, I can give you the name of someone who can advise you how to deal with your debts, Monica: (2) Jane; And you could also contact your local Citizens Advice Centre - their services are free. If possible, you should both go there. OK? Monica: (3)_C Jane: Well, if 1 were you, I'd check the Internet to see if there are some websites offering help - for free, of course. And there's another thing you can do. I'd advise you to contact a finance company. Why don't you look into it? Your bank might be able to advise you and recommend a reputable company. Monica: (4) Jane: Good. I'm pleased to hear it. One final bit of advice. You might consider getting some counselling yourself. Monica: (5) _£ Jane: Of course I will. My staff will contact you at the end of the programme, and you'll get everything you need. Goodbye Monica, and good luck! A Mmm, I don't know which way to turn, to be honest, that's why I've phoned you. I need some good advice. B Yes, I think I wouldC Mmm, OK. D_ All right, I'll think about that. Thanks, Jane. You've given me some good ideas. I must say, I feel a lot better talking to you. E Mmm. Well, thanks very much, Jane. Please give me the addresses you mentioned. -s 2 [Link] F Yes, but I don't know any professional person who could help us. G_ Well, I can see what you mean but, having said that, I do think it would be really good to have it. H_ Great, thanks very much. i z 3 z z 2 ~ Task 2. You are going to read an article. A summary of the article is provided after the text. Sentences of the summary are mixed up, For questions (6 — 14), put sentences (A — J) of the summary in the chronological order of events. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. SUPER-TERRORISM Terrorism has always been a serious issue, but the days when it involved small-scale bombing and assassinations could be over. The future of terrorism is far more alarming, Fears of serious terrorism are wrongly centered, People always panic about the possibility of terrorists getting hold of nuclear weapons, but in fact the technology is very difficult to access. Another worry people often have concerns the possibility of our water supplies being poisoned. This is also implausible, as anti-bacterial filter systems in reservoirs have been carefully designed to make poisons ineffective. The real threats are cheaper, more direct, and far more effective. The advancement of technology perfectly suits the purposes of terrorism: why bother trying to create your own nuclear weapons, for example, when you can blow up a nuclear power station instead? After all, it has been conveniently put there for you by the government. One major factor that has made terrorism so much more effective has been the alarming rise in "suicide terrorism" cases, such as the Hamas bombings in Israel, opening up endless possibilities for terrorists. One scenario has them hijacking a passenger jet andcrashing it into a nuclear power plant - a prospect so alarming that the designers of one nuclear plant in America actually crashed a light aircraft into their own reactor to see how well it could withstand the impact. The damage was minimal, but nobody has ever tried the experiment in a Boeing 737 travelling at 600 mph! It is certainly a terrifying possibility because, while a fission reactor cannot explode like a bomb, it can experience what is known as "meltdown". This is when the highly radioactive core melts under intense heat and burns through the ground and into the water table below, causing widespread nuclear contamination. Biological warfare is another frightening prospect, especially as biological weapons are cheap to make, and therefore attractive to terrorist organizations. The effects are potentially devastating. One detailed American study looked at the test case of a small boat spraying anthrax spores into a light south-easterly breeze from the southern tip of Manhattan Island. Anthrax is an airborne disease which is almost always fatal to humans. The report states "If only half the target personnel are exposed: if only half of those develop pulmonary anthrax: if only half the cases result in death, more than 60.0,000 deaths would occur." The terrorists could also be long gone by the time the anthrax symptoms were identified in the victims. Chemical weapons are also cheap, and easy to get hold of. Once again technology has potentially aided the terrorists: air conditioning systems could provide the perfect way of distributing dangerous gas extremely quickly through a building. A mock chemical attack by the security services on the air conditioning systems of the White House and Capitol Hill in the late 1970's proved alarmingly successful. Had it been real, the President and the entire congress would have been killed. Gas has already been used in a terrorist attack. In 1995 religious fanatics released deadly satin gas in the Tokyo subway. Twelve people died and more than 5,500 were injured, suffering temporary or even permanent blindness. How can incidents like this be avoided? "We have carried out intensive work over the last few years to install surveillance equipment in our stations,” said a London Underground spokesman "We also carefully train staff to recognise unusual smells and to evacuate stations speedily.” Likewise, nuclear specialists say that power stations are extremely well protected against terrorists,containing emergency systems which immediately shut down power at the first sign of trouble. Terrorism works by acting directly on the public through intimidation. What makes it so interesting to us is the fact that, unlike many political activities, we are directly affected by it. Unfortunately, there is very little we can do about it except place our faith in the government, and hope that the measures taken to prevent terrorism are successful. A People focus their attention on unlikely targets. B_ Terrorists can afford to make weapons capable of large-scale devastation. Cif we let ourselves be frightened then the terrorists have won. D__ Terrorism is becoming more menacing than ever before. « E There has been an increase in the number of terrorists willing to give up their lives for their cause. \UF Experts are confident that they have minimized the risks. 3 G Boing is a weapon. | Chemicals can spread rapidly through modern structures. \s a, | Task 3. You are going to read an article about some rare creatures. For questions (15 ~ 26), choose from the headings (A — H). There is one extra heading that you don’t need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: | O | B THE CREATURES THAT TIME FORGOT o B The process of evolution has been very hard on some creatures. Just think of the dinosaurs. Along with many other species, they were unable to adapt to the changing environment and, as a result, died out. But sometimes members of a species have managed to hide away and live on. Meat-eating sponges, coelacanths and the white salamander are three such creatures. 15-16 The remarkable thing about these three creatures is that they have not changed for millions of years. They have remained hidden away in some of the darkest underwater places on earth.® These are caves which, until now, have not been properly explored; they lack light and food and the creatures that live in them have had to struggle to survive. 17-18 ‘The most exotic of these creatures lives deep in an underwater cave in Europe. It is the white salamander, which is a member of a species 350 million years old — older than the dinosaurs. Over the last 20 million years, it has been driven to isolated places in order to escape being hunted. The underwater cave was the ideal place. In fact the salamander managed to hide so successfully that the first sighting wasn't reported until 1689. 19-20 ‘The salamander is usually a pale, milky colour and it is almost blind. It can live for up to 100 years, and can apparently live for decades without food. The salamander is under threat, though, as a result of pollution in underground rivers. Scientists have had problems trying to raise salamanders, so they have created a laboratory in underwater caves in order to do this. 21-22 In equally dark caves under the sea, there has been an even more surprising discovery: a sponge that eats meat. It was discovered in a cave that was flooded 7,000 years ago. The water is cold and still and has no nutrition. Faced with this lack of food that other sponges take from the water, this species started catching tiny sea animals like shrimps and prawns and eating them. This was the only way this strange creature could survive. 23-24 The most famous of all these creatures, however, is the coelacanth. This ancient fish has lived in the sea for more than 300 million years. Until 1938, scientists thought it had died out a long time before. Then one was caught in the Indian Ocean. This fish has fins which resemble legs, and these have not changed for millions of years. A recent study showed that, unlike other fish, it lives and breeds in caves and the only time it ventures out is for food. 25-26 / Because of fishing and tourism, the coelacanth is in great danger of dying out. Experts say there are only about 200 of them left. It seems that the isolation which protected these ancient creaturesfor millions of years is no more. Humans are, of course, the biggest threat to them, and now that their secret places have been discovered, they have nowhere left to go. A A completely new species B Exceptions to extinction C The threats people pose D Changing eating habits for survival E Surviving unchanged 02% F Hiding from hunters G Saving ancient lives with science Hi A surprising reappearance 3 Tai Ta, 1320) 2a BH 2526 = Task 4, You are going to read an article where different people give their views on preparing for an exam. For questions (27 — 40), choose from items (A — E). Some of the items may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: |_O | D About which sight are the following mentioned? the religious nature of the site pat Gay D i the source of the wealth used to create it its relevance to modern life its role in becoming a recognisable symbol of its aint , © the achievement of its designers the reason the wonder has survived oad is 2) the uncertainty about its purpose G4) £F the human effort required to create it (35) its geographical situation being an attraction to visitors 6 a G7 G8) C shy the fact that it is unrivalled t the fact that it was probably at the centre : of a rich farming community (40) 7 The Official New 7 Wonders of the World were chosen by the world's first-ever global election, in which more than 100 million votes werecast. They were declared in Lisbon on July 7, 2007. The non-profit New7Wonders Foundation, which organized the campaign, aims: to promote and foster international dialogue and mutual appreciation. A Petra, Jordan Petra, nestled away in the mountains south of the Dead Sea, was once the glittering capital of a huge empire. It has been preserved because many of its buildings were carved out of solid rock walls, making it acclaimed for its engineering. Its ornamental carvings are also impressive examples of Middle Eastern culture. Once a fortress city, Petra is one of the earliest known settlements in the area, and control of key trade routes made it a commercial hub while also producing the funding for its monumental temples and tohibs!’The city may have housed 20,000- 30,000 peopl its h yday' But by AD 700 its once- gracious buildings were in ruins! Tourists are lured by its spectacular setting on the edge of WadiAraba and the beautiful rose colours of the rocks. B Machu Picchu, Peru The ancient city of Machu Picchu is an extraordinary settlement 2,350 metres above sea level, deep in the Amazon jungle. The settlement had been abandoned following the Spanish invasion and by 1532 had become a ghost town. It was brought to the world's attention in 1911 and several different theories were then developed as to what the settlement was. Some believed it could have been a luxurious mausoleum but a more popular belief was that it might have been built to control the economy of conquered regions and protect the Inca nobility. Certainly it had a large agricultural area bringing wealth and sophistication to this remote region. Today it is seen as a perfect example of a complete community and travellers to the site are enchanted by its elevated and isolated position. C THE GREAT WALL, CHINA The Great Wall of China was built to create a united defence system and keep invading tribés out of China. It is the largest construction ever built. Although not continuous, it stretches across deserts, grasslands and mountains, and the remarkable architectural grandeur and historical significance still attract thousands of tourists every year. However, rather than a feat of engineering, it is a symbol of perseverance, one which has been extended and repaired across several centuries. The wall was originally built of stone, wood andgrass but later was made with bricks, laboriously transported up the mountains by men carrying them on their backs. It was once suggested that the wall was the only man-made object visible from space but this can't be true as nowadays even roads are visible. D Chichen Itza, Mexico This famous temple city was the political and economic centre of Mayan civilization. In 987 a Toltec king arrived with an army from central Mexico and, with local Mayan allies, made Chichen Itza his capital. The city was built here as it is on the site of an underground well that provided water all year. Offerings were thrown into the well and occasionally, a human sacrifice, which can't have been very healthy! The central pyramid is supposed to be the greatest of all Mayan temples and had enormous religious significance for the community. It has staircases and terraces decorated with great sculptures of plumed serpents. Visitors can climb an older pyramid inside this and see the fantastic throne of the serpent god. E Taj Mahal, India The Ta jMahal is regarded as the most:perfect jewel of Muslim art in India. This huge mausoleum was built by Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife and has become a great symbol of passion. It is a fairy-tale marvel of white marble and its gardens have been laid out formally around it. The material to build it was brought in from all over India with the help of elephants. The exterior decorations are as beautiful as the interior, and the colossal height of the tomb, along with its setting, make it look as if it is climbing into the skies. Visitors are struck by how romantic it must be to have such a tomb built in your honour, especially as no one has built anything since to equal this devotion. F The Statue of Christ Redeemer, Brazil This icon of the city of Rio de Janeiro, with its open arms, is a symbol of the warmth and openness of the people of Brazil. It is an important landmark on top of Corcovado mountain, overlooking the bay and the city. The statue was paid for by contributions from people all over Brazil, making it truly a people's monument. Its outer layers are made of soapstone as this is resistant to extreme weather. The railway was used to bring the large pieces of the statue to the top of the mountain. In the past it must have been quite hard work to climb the mountainand the 220 steps in order to appreciate the breathtaking views from the top, but today panoramic elevators whisk visitors up the statue. G THE COLISEUM, ITALY The design concept of this great amphitheatre in the centre of Rome has influenced almost every sports stadium since, including those still built today. Largely made of stone, its innovative design divided the seating into sections to allow maximum viewing. The first level was for the important senators and the emperor, the second for the aristocrats and the third for citizens, with the poorest at the top. Today the wooden arena floor no longer exists, but the walls and corridors which ran underneath are visible in the ruins. Despite its sophisticated design, it couldn't have been very pleasant to work in the conditions of darkness and fear that existed underground. The skeleton exists today as a symbol of the celebration and suffering that took place at the events the building hosted. PART Il WRITING Task 1. For questions 1 — 10, read the following information note and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answer IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: (0) At 6 p.m. ona cold, dark November day, Emma was driving home. She lived in a village (0) in a remote part of the countryside and really depended (1) . her car (2) Zeau/se..the local bus service was so poor. easy ef At a crossroads, she saw an old lady (3) 14 a shopping bag standing at a bus stop. As the car approached, the old lady raised () her, arm and Emma, thinking that she had missed the last bus, stopped and (5S) 9dvt..0\s.-he¥'a lift. As they drove on, Emma (O4sheH....the old lady where she lived but (7) @.........her surprise (8) ¢42:¢....was no answer. In fact the old lady remained completely silent. Emma began to feel uneasy, especially when she / noticed that the old lady had very large, hairy hands. (9) scl she had an idea. She stopped and said, ‘I think one of the rear lights isn’t working. Could you get out and check?” When the old lady was... However, she began to out of the car, Emma drove (10) .“ feel guilty. o ia i z Zz z @ 7 a 3 D Task 2. For questions 11 — 15, read the advertisement and fill in the Competitor’s Form given below. Write your answer on the separate answer sheet. Special one day TENNIS TOURNAMENT Exonbury International Students’ Club Saturday 7 th July 10.30 [Link]. Send us your form to participate in our tournament Name ay Address (12) s¥- cofy, Sv¥ete (reper) How long have you been playing tennis? ‘What/Who encouraged you to start playing it? (25 words) a3) ‘What can be done to attract the youth to play tennis? (25 words) (4) Why is football more popular than tennis in our country? (25words) (15), Task 3. For questions 16-20, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given and other words to complete each sentence. You must use between two and five words. Do not change the word order. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write only the missing words in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: © [DESPITE THE FACT THAT 0 He doesn’t earn much money although he works very hard.fact He doesn’t carn much money DESPITE THE FACT THAT he works very hard. 16 Buying a piae ticket a the lat minut isnt often possible. buy pe te Gy Rarely 5 alone de ‘Zea plane ticket at the last minute. 17 1 was told about the website by Charlie. who Cd ms Gj fg Fe Tt 208. GALLE, 2b "ne about the website. 18 Although no one gave us an invitation, we were still able to get into the club. pI 4 given Sp of nor © ye ho OH We were still able to get into ‘the club in geile -an invitation. 19 Dom couldn’t finish the crossword despite really trying hard. Dom couldn’t finish the 20 = The red shoes are slightly more pe than the green ones. quite poty Z sive The green shoes are’! tena bbe 12i-the red ones. DESPITE THE FACT THAT PART lil USE OF ENGLISH Task 1. For questions I — 10, read the text below and choose the most appropriate word from the list (A - M) for each gap. There are two extra words that you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: OLATh THE NEW AGE OF ELEGANCE A beautiful (0) woman is wearing a simple, sleeveless (1) Fh dress, made of black-and-white (2) QC, mid-heeled pumps and a neat handbag. Another young woman is dressed in a narrow black coat, cut to just above the knee, with slingback shoes and a classic hairstyle. Her bag has a gold chain shoulder (3) &. No, these aren't scenes from a fashion shoot circa 1960. They are moments from the recent (4) 4. shows and these were just two among many examples of a return to classic style. It's all gorgeous stuff, but the question is whether the modern woman will actually wear it. Accustomed to the lazy comfort of combat trousers and (5) Jk.. jeans, or the glamour of tops, bed hair and microminis, could women come back to strict tailoring, high necks and neat hairdo? Strange enough, but some fans of the pants-and-trainers combo are now spending hours choosing lipstick colours, learning to wear (6) .£.5 dresses and doing their hair before setting out on the razzie. They seem to be challenged by a declaration that elegance is rare in the modern world and does not come easily to most women, and never will. The (7) might also be inspired by a best-seller novel Elegance in which a frumpy-duckling heroine achieves swan status by following advice on style and (8) &.. . Or, it might be just high time for us to start a new era of refinement after a decade that vigorously celebrated scruffy chic. Trying to look (9) 4L we didn’t notice the notion of “suitable dressing” dying out. In fact, it is now impossible to tell someone dressed for work or someone on the way to the theatre or philharmonics. Dr Halla Beloff, the social psychologist who has made studies of clothes and image, agrees that elegance may require some of the strictures, In an attempt to achieve true elegance, it’s quite easy now to fall into vulgar overgrooming, but even this is better than the culture of "slobbism”. So, ladies, put away your combats and (10) .£/. T-shirts — dressed-up chic is the way forward! A polka-dot E strap I skimpy M jeans B grooming —‘F tailored J trend C match G catwalk —_K stretch D tweed H young L casual14 o T 2 z a = 6 7 ss Task 2. For questions 11 — 24, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the Separate answer sheet. Example: 0 A 10 Last year, losses from shops through shoplifting and theft by staff @) amounted to over $1 billion. There are many (11) ...4..... for shopkeepers themselves to reduce shoplifting. As with all types of crime, prevention is better than (12) ...A...Q,.. . The best deterrent is the (13) .4g."6f staff properly trained in how to identify potential shoplifiers. There are also many security (14) .....4...9e now available. Video camera surveillance is a popular system, even with quite small retailers. In clothes shops, magnetic tag marking systems that set off an alarm have proved their (15) ..f¢....2. . However, there are many (16) ........measures that retailers should consider. Better lighting and ceiling-hung mirrors can help staff to (17) ... {yall parts of the display area. Similarly, simply arranging shelves and display units to allow clear (18) ...4.. of vision is a good deterrent. Another problem for retailers is the (19) ...@@...... of stolen credit cards to buy goods and services. Many retailers avoid this by always checking the (20) ...C. .. of a card used for purchase. Electronic systems are now available to (21) ...Z...£>up the procedure. Most companies keep a petty (22) box for small expenses. They are a popular (23) ./Z....for thieves. It is not enough to have a box that locks. A thief can‘stéal it and then open it at leisure. Lock it in a drawer as well. Telephones and computers are also vulnerable because they are (24) Boh i .B accumulated C went Dadded B schemes... C ideas D occasions® Bloss ~ C cure D conviction / 13 Aknowledge _ B presence C number D importance 14 A devices B methods Ctricks |. :o, D machines 45 A reliability — B worth Cvaluttion ~~‘ identity 1p 016 A better Beasier C simpler D bigger t 17 A notice B watch C control D regard Ptf 18 A fields, 515° B areas C systems D angles 19A employment B application —_ C technique Duse 20 A honesty B forgery C validity D value 21 A speed Beheck C take Dkey 22 A money B bank C saving Dash 23 A robbery B target Caim D object 24 A portable Bexpensive C stolen D attractive Task 3. For questions 25 — 40, read the text below and decide which lines of the text contain unnecessary words. Write the unnecessary word in the box. Indicate the correct lines with a tick (\). There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers on the Separate answer sheet. Example: | 0 V 00 | proven 0 It’s a subject that will be debated until the end of time, but 00 on the evidence proven available to date psychologists tend to feel 25 just that women do not fall in love as readily as men do. 26 Moreover, women seem to fall out of they love more quickly and 27 suffer less of long-term distress than men do when a relationship 28 breaks up. Why this should be so it is also a controversial question 29 about which Psychologists have different opinions. One view 30 contends that in cultures where a woman is allowed | how to choose a 31 mate, as opposed to the family organized arranging a marriage, the 32 woman must look out for her own best interests, She seeks the man 33 who is best be able to provide for her and their future children. Some 34 psychologists think that this may explain why it is not uncommon for 35 women to be attracted to regard men with power — physical or 36 social. Men, by contrast, are prone to fall in love ‘themselves very37 quickly and be much less critical than women of the qualities of the 38 person they love. According to one study, men are so far more 39 likely than women to believe in ‘love at the first sight’ and that ‘true 40 love comes along just once in life. a 35 oD 30 2 a 5 Ef a END OF TEST