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Asymptotes Practice for IB Mathematics

The document contains exercises on asymptotes including: 1) Identifying vertical and horizontal asymptotes of functions; 2) Finding equations of asymptotes, intercepts, sketching graphs and domains/ranges of functions; 3) Solving inequalities based on function graphs; 4) Identifying parameter values from a function graph.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

165 views25 pages

Asymptotes Practice for IB Mathematics

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acorn an

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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

MAA

EXERCISES [MAA 2.7]

ASYMPTOTES
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

A. Practice questions

1. [Maximum mark: 18] [without GDC]

Complete the following table by writing down the corresponding asymptotes

Vertical Horizontal
Function
asymptote asymptote

2x  7
f ( x)  x5 y2
x5

x7
f ( x) 
2x  3

 4x  1
f ( x) 
2x  6

2
f ( x) 
x5

2
f ( x)  1
x5

2
f ( x)  1
x5

2x  7
f ( x)  1
x5

 4x  1
f ( x)  3
2x  6

5 x
f ( x) 
5 x

3 x  134
f ( x) 
2x  5

Page 1
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

2. [Maximum mark: 12] [with / without GDC]

3x  6
Let f ( x ) 
x2
(a) Write down the equations of the asymptotes. [2]
(b) Find the x - and y -intercepts. [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of the function. Indicate the information found in (a) and (b). [4]
(d) Write down the domain and the range of the function. [2]
(e) Find the point of intersection between the graph of f and the line y  1 . [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 2
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

3. [Maximum mark: 10] [with / without GDC]

3
Let f ( x) 
x2
(a) Write down the equations of the asymptotes. [2]
(b) Find any x - or y -intercepts. [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of the function. Indicate the information found in (a) and (b). [4]
(d) Write down the domain and the range of the function. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 3
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

4. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

ax  b
The graph of the function f ( x )  is shown below.
xc

(a) Find the values of a, b, c . [4]

1
(b) Find f ( 4) and f (1) . [2]
(c) By observing the graph, solve the inequality f ( x)  1 . [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 4
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

5. [Maximum mark: 19] [without GDC]

x6
The graph of the function f ( x )  is shown below.
x2

(a) Write down the images of the horizontal asymptote y  1 under the following
transformations [9]

y  f ( x)  2 y3 y  f ( x  2)

y  f ( x)  2 y  f ( x  2)

y  2 f ( x) y  f (2 x)

y  f ( x) / 2 y  f ( x / 2)

y   f ( x) y  f ( x)

(b) Write down the images of the vertical asymptote x  2 under the following
transformations [10]

y  f ( x)  2 y  f ( x  2)

y  f ( x)  2 y  f ( x  2)

y  2 f ( x) y  f (2 x)

y  f ( x) / 2 y  f ( x / 2)

y   f (x ) y  f ( x)

Page 5
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

6*. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

5 ax  b
(a) Express the function f ( x )  4  in the form f ( x )  . [2]
x3 x3

x  10 B
(b) Express the function g ( x )  in the form g ( x )  A  . [2]
x3 x3

2 x  10 D
(c) Express the function h ( x )  in the form h ( x )  C  . [2]
x3 x3

(d) Complete the following table

f g h
Vertical asymptote

Horizontal asymptote
[4]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 6
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

7*. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

4
Let g ( x )  3 
x2
(a) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of the graph of g . [2]

1
(b) Describe the sequence of transformations that map the graph of f ( x )  into
x
the graph of g . [4]

..................................................................................................................................

8**. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

3x  1
Let h( x ) 
x2
(a) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of the graph of h . [2]
1
(b) Describe the sequence of transformations that map the graph of f ( x )  into
x
the graph of h . [5]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 7
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

9*. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

The graph of a function f is shown below.

(a) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

(b) Write down the equations of all vertical asymptotes. [1]
(c) Complete the following table

(1) lim f ( x )  (4) lim f ( x ) 

x  x 

(2) lim f ( x )  (5) lim f ( x ) 

x  2 x  2

(3) lim f ( x )  (6) lim f ( x ) 

x  5 x  5
[3]
(d) State the results from question (c) which justify
(i) the horizontal asymptote
(ii) the vertical asymptotes. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 8
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

B. Exam style questions (SHORT)

10. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

6x 1
Consider the graph of f ( x )  .
2x  4
(a) Write down the domain and the range of f . [2]
(b) Write down the equation of
(i) the horizontal asymptote (ii) the vertical asymptote. [2]
(c) Find the x – intercept and the y – intercept. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

11. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

6
Consider the graph of f ( x )  .
2x  4
(a) Write down the domain and the range of f . [2]
(b) Write down the equation of
(i) the horizontal asymptote (ii) the vertical asymptote. [2]
(c) Find the x – intercept and the y – intercept (if they exist). [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 9
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

12. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The diagram shows the graph of y  f ( x ) , with the x -axis as an asymptote.

B(5, 4)

A(–5, –4)

(a) On the same axes, draw the graph of y  f ( x  2)  3 , indicating the coordinates
of the images of the points A and B. [3]

(b) Write down the equation of the asymptote

(i) for the graph of y  f ( x  2) .

(ii) for the graph of y  f ( x )  3 .

(iii) for the graph of y  f ( x  2)  3 . [3]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 10
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

13. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

The graph of a function f is shown in the diagram below. The point A (–1, 1) is on the
graph, and y  1 is a horizontal asymptote.

(a) Let g ( x )  f ( x  1)  2 . On the diagram, sketch the graph of g . [3]

(b) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of g . [1]
(c) Let A′ be the point on the graph of g corresponding to point A. Write down the
coordinates of A′. [2]
(d) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of
(i) y  f (2 x ) . (ii) y  2 f ( x) [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 11
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

14. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

q
(a) The diagram shows part of the graph of the function f ( x)  . The curve
x– p
passes through the point A (3, 10). The line (CD) is an asymptote.
y
C
15

10 A

–15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 x

-5

-10

-15
D
Find the value of (i) p (ii) q [4]
(b) The graph of f ( x ) is transformed as shown in the following diagram. The point A
is transformed to A’ (3, –10).
y
C
15

–15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 x

–5

–10
A

–15
D
Give a full geometric description of the transformation. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 12
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

15. [Maximum mark: 7] [with / without GDC]

1 5
The function f ( x ) is defined as f ( x )  3  , x .
2x  5 2
(a) Sketch the curve of f for 5  x  5 , showing the asymptotes. [3]
(b) Using your sketch, write down
(i) the equation of each asymptote;
(ii) the value of the x -intercept;
(iii) the value of the y -intercept. [4]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 13
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

16. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

3x
Let f ( x )  p  , where p, q  R  . Part of the graph of f , including the
x  q2 2

asymptotes, is shown below.

The equations of the asymptotes are x  1 , x  1 , y  2 .

Write down the value of (i) p (ii) q

..................................................................................................................................

17*. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

3
The function f is defined by f ( x )  , for 3  x  3 .
9 – x2
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f . [2]

(b) Write down the equation of each vertical asymptote. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 14
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

C. Exam style questions (LONG)

18. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

The function f is given by
f ( x) = 2 x  1 , x  , x  3 .
x3
(a) (i) Show that y  2 is an asymptote of the graph of y  f ( x ) .
(ii) Find the vertical asymptote of the graph.
(iii) Write down the coordinates of the point P at which the asymptotes intersect. [4]
(b) Find the points of intersection of the graph and the axes. [4]
(c) Hence sketch the graph of y  f ( x ) , showing the asymptotes by dotted lines. [4]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 15
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

19. [Maximum mark: 17] [without GDC]

Consider the functions f and g where f ( x )  3 x  5 and g ( x )  x  2 .
1
(a) Find the inverse function, f . [3]

(b) Given that g 1 ( x )  x  2 , find ( g 1  f )( x ) . [2]

1 x3 1
(c) Given also that ( f  g )( x )  , solve ( f  g )( x )  ( g 1  f )( x) . [2]
3
f ( x)
Let h( x)  , x  2.
g ( x)
(d) (i) Sketch the graph of h for  3  x  7 and  2  y  8 , including any
asymptotes.
(ii) Write down the equations of the asymptotes. [5]
(e) (i) Find h 1 ( x )

(ii) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of h 1 [5]

..................................................................................................................................

Page 16
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

..................................................................................................................................

Page 17
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES

20**. [Maximum mark: 10] [with GDC]

Let g ( x)  x 4  2 x 3  x 2  2
(a) Solve g ( x )  0 . [2]

2x3
Let f ( x )   1 . A part of the graph of f ( x) is shown below.
g ( x)
y

A 0 B x

(b) Write down

(i) the domain of f ; (ii) the range of f . [2]

(c) The graph has vertical asymptotes with equations x  a and x  b where a  b .
Write down the value of a and of b . [2]
(d) The graph has a horizontal asymptote with equation y  1 . Explain why the value

of f ( x ) approaches 1 as x becomes very large. [2]

(e) The graph intersects the x -axis at the points A and B. Write down the value of the
x -coordinate at (i) A; (ii) B. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 18
[MAA 2.7] ASYMPTOTES
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

A. Practice questions

1.
Function Vertical asymptote Horizontal
2x  7 asymptote
f ( x)  x5 y2
x5
x7
f ( x)  x3 y1
2x  3 2 2
 4x  1
f ( x)  x 3 y  2
2x  6
2
f ( x)  x5 y0
x 5
2
f ( x)  1 x5 y 1
x5
2
f ( x)  1 x5 y  1
x5
2x  7
f ( x)  1 x5 y 3
x 5
 4x  1
f ( x)  3 x 3 y 1
2x  6
5 x
f ( x)  x  5 y  1
5 x
3 x  134
f ( x)  x  5 / 2 y  3/ 2
2x  5

2. (a) H.A.: y  3 , V.A.: x  2

(b) x-intercept: x  2 , y-intercept: y  3
(c)

(d) x  2 , y  3
3x  6
(e)  1  3 x  6  x  2  x  4 so (4,1)
x2

3. (a) H.A.: y  0 , V.A.: x  2

1
(b) there is no x-intercept, y-intercept: y   3
2
(d) x2 , y0

4. (a) a  3 , b  6 , c  2
1
(b) f ( 4)  1 , f (1)  4 .
(c) 2 x 4
5. (a)
y  f ( x)  2 y3 y  f ( x  2) y 1
y  f ( x)  2 y  1 y  f ( x  2) y 1
y  2 f ( x) y2 y  f (2 x) y 1
y  f (x ) / 2 y  1/ 2 y  f (x / 2) y 1
y   f (x ) y  1 y  f ( x ) y 1
(b)
y  f ( x)  2 x2 y  f ( x  2) x0
y  f ( x)  2 x2 y  f ( x  2) x4
y  2 f ( x) x2 y  f (2 x) x 1
y  f (x ) / 2 x2 y  f (x / 2) x4
y   f (x ) x2 y  f ( x ) x  2

5 4( x  3) 5 4 x  17
6. (a) f ( x)  4    
x3 x3 x3 x3
x  10 x  3  7 7
(b) g ( x)    1
x3 x3 x3
2 x  10 2( x  3)  4 4
(c) h( x)    2
x3 x3 x3
(d)
f g h
Vertical asymptote x  3 x  3 x  3
Horizontal asymptote y4 y 1 y2

7. (a) H.A.: y  3 , V.A.: x  2

1 4 4 4
(b) → → → 3
x x x2 x2
Vertical stretch with s.f. 4
Horizontal translation 2 units to the right
Vertical translation 3 units up
8. (a) H.A.: y  3 , V.A.: x  2

3 x  1 3( x  2)  7 7
(b) h( x)    3
x2 x2 x2
1 7 7 7
→ → → 3
x x x2 x2
Vertical stretch with s.f. 7

2
Horizontal translation 2 units to the right
Vertical translation 3 units up
9. (a) y 3

(b) x  2, x 5

(c)

(1) lim f ( x )  1 (4) lim f ( x )  1

x  x 

(2) lim f ( x )   (5) lim f ( x )  

x  2 x  2

(3) lim f ( x )   (6) lim f ( x )  

x 5 x 5
(d) (i) (1) and (4) (ii) (2) and (5) for x  2 and (3) and (6) for x  5

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

10. (a) x2 , y3

(b) H.A.: y  3 , V.A.: x  2
(c) x-intercept (–1/6, 0) , y-intercept (0, –1/4)

11. (a) x2 , y0

(b) H.A.: y  0 , V.A.: x  2
(c) there is no x-intercept, y-intercept (0, –3/2)

12. (a)
y

B(5, 4)

B’(3, 1)

A(–5, –4)

A’(–7, –7)
(b) (i) Asymptote: y = 0, (ii) Asymptote: y = –3, (iii) Asymptote: y = –3

13. (a)

3
y
6

5 2
4

2 3
1
A (–1, 1)
1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x

–1

–2
Notes: left and right end points in circles 1,3, max in circle 2
(b) y = 1 (must be an equation)
(c) (0, 3)
(d) (i) Asymptote: y = -1, (ii) Asymptote: y = –2

4
14. (a) (i) p=2
q
(ii) 10 = (or equivalent), so q = 10
3–2
(b) Reflection, in x-axis

15. (a)

5
(b) (i) y = 3, x = (must be equations)
2
14  7  14  
(ii) x=  or 2.33 , also accept  , 0  
6 3  6 
14   14  
(iii) y=  y  2.8  accept  0 ,  or 0 , 2.8
6   5 

16. (i) p = 2
(ii) q = 1

17. (a)
y
6

x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3

Note: the y-intercept at 1.

(b) x = 3, x = –3
(c) y1

5
C. Exam style questions (LONG)
1
2
2x  1 7 2x  1 x
18. (a) (i) f (x) = =2+ or f (x) = = 
x3 x 3 x3 3
1
x
Therefore as x   f (x)  2 y = 2 is an asymptote
2x  1
OR lim = 2  y = 2 is an asymptote
x  x  3

(ii) Asymptote at x = 3
(iii) P(3, 2)
1  1  1  1
(b) f (x) = 0  x = –   , 0  x = 0  f (x) = –  0,  
2 2  3  3

3 x

y5
19. (a) solve for x in terms of y: x 
3
1 x5
f ( x) 
3
(b) (g1◦ f) (x) = (3x  5) + 2 = 3x  3
x3 12
(c)  3x  3 x  3  9 x  9 so x 
3 8
3x  5
(d) (i) h( x ) 
x2

y=3

x=2

(ii) (Vertical asymptote) x = 2, (Horizontal asymptote) y = 3

6
3x  5 2y  5
(e) (i)  y  3 x  5  yx  2 y  x( y  3)  2 y  5  x 
x2 y 3
2x  5
h 1 ( x ) 
x3
(ii) (Vertical asymptote) x = 3, (Horizontal asymptote) y = 2

20. (a) x1 = –0.790 and x1 = 1.79

(b) (i) x ≠ –0.790 x ≠1.79 (ii) yℝ
(c) (i) a = –0.790 (ii) b = 1.79
(d) When x is large,
the value of g (x) becomes much larger than the value of 2x3.
2 x3
As a consequence, the value of approaches 0.
g ( x)
Thus f (x) approaches 1.
(e) (i) At A, x = –1 (ii) At B, x = 1

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Asymptotes Practice for IB Mathematics

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Asymptotes Practice for IB Mathematics

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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

EXERCISES [MAA 2.7]

1. [Maximum mark: 18] [without GDC]

2. [Maximum mark: 12] [with / without GDC]

3. [Maximum mark: 10] [with / without GDC]

4. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

(a) Find the values of a, b, c . [4]

5. [Maximum mark: 19] [without GDC]

6*. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

(d) Complete the following table

7*. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

8**. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

9*. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

(a) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

(1) lim f ( x )  (4) lim f ( x ) 

(2) lim f ( x )  (5) lim f ( x ) 

(3) lim f ( x )  (6) lim f ( x ) 

B. Exam style questions (SHORT)

10. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

11. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

12. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

(b) Write down the equation of the asymptote

(ii) for the graph of y  f ( x )  3 .

(iii) for the graph of y  f ( x  2)  3 . [3]

13. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

(a) Let g ( x )  f ( x  1)  2 . On the diagram, sketch the graph of g . [3]

14. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

15. [Maximum mark: 7] [with / without GDC]

16. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

asymptotes, is shown below.

The equations of the asymptotes are x  1 , x  1 , y  2 .

17*. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

(b) Write down the equation of each vertical asymptote. [2]

C. Exam style questions (LONG)

18. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

19. [Maximum mark: 17] [without GDC]

(b) Given that g 1 ( x )  x  2 , find ( g 1  f )( x ) . [2]

(ii) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of h 1 [5]

20**. [Maximum mark: 10] [with GDC]

(b) Write down

of f ( x ) approaches 1 as x becomes very large. [2]

2. (a) H.A.: y  3 , V.A.: x  2

3. (a) H.A.: y  0 , V.A.: x  2

7. (a) H.A.: y  3 , V.A.: x  2

(1) lim f ( x )  1 (4) lim f ( x )  1

(2) lim f ( x )   (5) lim f ( x )  

(3) lim f ( x )   (6) lim f ( x )  

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

10. (a) x2 , y3

11. (a) x2 , y0

Note: the y-intercept at 1.

(ii) (Vertical asymptote) x = 2, (Horizontal asymptote) y = 3

20. (a) x1 = –0.790 and x1 = 1.79

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