nutritional status.

Overpopulation, tou is a breakdown of the ecological balance in which the population

may exceed the carrying copacity of the environment. This then undermines food production, which
leads to inadequate food witate and/or the consumption of non- nutritious food, and thus to
malnutrition.

"On the other hand, malnutrition itself can have far-reaching impacts on the environmenit, and can
induce a cycle leading to additional health problems and deprivation for examples, malnutrition can
crente and perpetuate paerty, which triggers a cycle that hampers economic and social development,
and contributes to unsustainable resource use and environmental degradation (WWEHAB, 2002).
Breaking the cycle of continuing poverty and environmental deterioratión is a prerequiste for
sustainable development and survical- Undernowishomerit is almost often due to not enough quality
food being available to cont. This is often relited to high food prize and poverty. A lack of breastfeeding
may contribute as many as number of infectious. disease such as increase nutrients requirements. d

ne

Protein-energy malnutrition has two severe forms & Marasmus la bek of protein and calories) and
kwashiorkor (a lack of protein) in some developing countries, der nutrition is the form of obesity is
begining to present within the same communities as under-nitrition. Other causes of malnutrition
include anorexia, nervosa and bariatric surgery.

Malnutrition is a health resulting from eating food that contains esther insufficient or too many calories,
carbohydrates, vitamins, protems, for minerals. It is a state of under-nutrition or over-nutrition,
evidenced by a deficiency or an excess of essential nutrients. Good matrition is the basic neede for
children to thrive, grow, learn, play and partripate

Section 28 of the Bill of Rights in the suth African Constitution. guarantees every child the right to basic
nitrition, shelter, basithealth are services and social services that are related to the best. interests of the
child. Access of every child tos sufficient ford many be the responsibility of parerits and child to
determine the fulfillment of the right. Malnutrition often steals dreams from their young lives and hangs
their future in the bilance. It remains a major publiz health concern for children under the age of 5 years
in many low- income and middle-income countries because it is still the leading underlying cause of child
mortality in these countries. Children are mone vulnerable to macro-nutrieril and micro-mitrient
deficiencies Caused by high demand for food during their years of growth. The term malnutrition is
commonly used to refer to under nutrition only.. This applies particularly to the context of development
co-operation. Therefore, malnutrition is document by the World health Organization UNICEF, save the
children or other viberrational non-government Forganization (NGOs) usually in equated to under
nutrition.

there were 793 million under nourished people in the world in 2015 (13% of the total population). This is
a reduction of 216 milion pegle since 1990 when 23% were under nourished.

In 2016, it was estimailed that another billion people had a lack of vitamins and mineral. In 2013,
protein-energy malnutrition was estimrailed to have resulted 1,469,000 deaths from 570,000 deaths in
1990. Other nutritional deficiencies, which inchide iodine deficiències. and tron deficiency. Anemia
result in another 84,000 deaths. In children are believed to be due to under nutrition, although the
death are rarely labelled as such in 2010, it was estimated to have. contributed to about 15 million
death in woman and children, though some estimated the number may be greater than 3millions. An
additional 165 million children were estimated to have stunted growth. from malnutrition in 2013.
Under-nutrition is more common in developing countries. Certain groups have higher rates of under
nutritionIncluding woman in particular while pregnant or breast feeding children under five years of age.

Under nutrition in Nigeria like any other Africa countries is long standing problem which has persisted
since the 1960's and whose. magnitude is on the increase. This is because food consumption, both
quality and quantity has decrease appreciably, especially with the Commencement of the structural
Agustment Bigramme (SAP) in 1986. τη Availability studied from Limited data have indicated that the
introdution of economic reforms are more than anything else has contributed to reduced food wstake
and the near collapse of nutrition oriented health delivery (Marr J. 2001). Since the economic reforms
may continue into the next decade and beyond, sustainable remedies for alleviation of the prettem are
wgently needed.

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Health Organization cite mabnutrition as the greatest The World Health single treats to the world's
public health globally. Children are at rok for malnutrition even before birth, as their nutritional levels
are directly tred to the nutrition of their mother. Brest feeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and
mortality in children. In developing comities, milions of children suffer from poor nutrition. There is now
a large and increasing evidence to indicate that pour maitrition affects children's Cognitive motor and
behaviour development both pre and post natal. In revaluating the effect of poor nutrition on a child's
development, the researcher traditionally focus on motor and cognitive development. However, it is
critical to evaluate social and emotional development as well, because these factors may be equally if
too important to an individual's success in life.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In these days, it is a tradition of Africa and Nigeria in. partzular that feeding of child is most paramount
in every home, Especially after given birth to a new baby. But due to dynamic nature of world and
economic situation, mast parent find it difficult to give a proper food to their child which in turn lead to
malnutrition.

‫רח‬

The research is concerned that some children in Effon local government aza are facing a lot on
malmustrition which prompt this researcher to carried out research on the Guses of malnutrition in Efon
local guvernment aren of Ekiti state.

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Many chilben are malnowished because they do not get enough to eat, but some are malnourished
because they eat a lot of starchy foods, like corn, riza, CASSA which are not buly building and protective
foods like milk, eggs, meats, beans, fruits and vegetables.

A malnourished child does not grow well, he/she is generally thinner and shorter ther children and get
sick more often.
1.3 BROAD OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The bread objective of this study is to raise the awareness of the people to have wisdom about the cores
and effects of malnutrition on children between the ages of 0-5 years in Efon laye Lund Government
Area of Eli Slite.

1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To Increase the awareness of mothers on minutrition, the effect of

2. Ilo edok muthers on the potential food resources and help to eliminate misguide customs, prejudices,
conservation, Ignorance and inertial which are often as a serious obstacle to the improvement of
nutrition asPoverty itself.

- 3. To assess the nitritional status of the children in the study area.

2. To health educate the community members especially fathers and mothers to make use of their local
food item which are of nutritional Importance ind to the children.

tion te

d
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. This study will movide useful information to parents on how best to frouck the necessary mitntion to
their children.

at

2) The result of the research work will be Important to parents, government, advisers on child right and
well being and education planners.

15.

es.

1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

This study is designed to bring but weful information towards the causes and effects of malnutrition on
children between the ages of 10-5 yours in Efun Alaye Local Government Area of Ekiti State.

١٠٦ SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is delimited to Efon town, the study is focused on the Comves and effect of malnutrition on
children between the ages of 0-5 yours in Efon Alaye Local Government Ali of Ekti state. The scope Is
going to cover some selected wards in the locality. Such as ward I,RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1 Are parents aware that children suffer malnutrition most because they are in a penied of rapid growth
that merenses the demand for calories and proteins?

2.

How does paverit's socio-economic status affect their children foud?

3. What are be influences of parent's helief on restreting their wards from cating some food?

ind

4. How iften do children from less priviledged parents enjoy balanced tron diet?

۱۰۹

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

int

A
NUTRITION & Is the selection of food and preparation of food and their lingestion to be assimilated by
the buly. Nutrition can be defined as the diet, food maintenance or navishment which is provided to the
biely in Me right mixtwe (by Walter Gratzer, 2007).

‫که‬

500

15.

MALNUTRITION'T Is the condition that results from eating a diệt (by Walter Gratzer 2007).

FOOD SCCURITY can be defined as access by all pegle all time to get enough for active (by John Curirad
Water low, 2003)

STUNTED GROVITH Is defrist as a reduced growth rate in human development. It's primary
menifestation of malnutrition in erly stage (by Peter Pan, 2001).

KWASHIORKOR & Is a form of malnutrition drit occurs when there is no enough potein in the diet (by
Walter Gratzer 2007)

MARASMUS+ deficiency of both protein and carbohydrate thit cause malnutrition.

BREAST MILK & Is the milk produced by the breast (or mammal good) of human female for her infant or
offspring by Walter Graitzer 2007). UNDER NUTRITION: Comprizes wasting and deficiencies of essential
vitamins and missral (collectively reformed to as micronutrientz literally describes as undernutrition).
Joy Mazing and Praz 2012 BALANCED DICTt A diet that provides all the essential nutrients

in suffraient quan health I'm the correct proportions to promote good and im Dxford Reference).

DIET & a United variety or reasons (by oxford dictionary). mount of fod that you eat for medical

NUTRIENT are chemical compounds in food that are used by the body to function properly and maintain
health. (National Institutes of Health, office of Dietary Supplements). or

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determinants of malnutrition are poverty, low intake of foul, unsuitable dietary choices, difficulty
Obtaining food, Various physical and mental health conditions. EFFECTS! The Effects of marutrition in
children include Viright, stuiting, wasting with or without redema and even.

Games Conses.

death.