TOPIC- REPORTED SPEECH
DEFINITIONS –
1. DIRECT SPEECH –
• It is the exact same words that someone has said.
• It is usually in inverted commas.
• It doesn’t include any changes.
• E.g.- He said, “I will go to the park today.”
2. INDIRECT SPEECH –
• It is not the exact words but the exact meaning of what someone said.
• It is not in inverted commas.
• It includes the changes in – tense, place, time, modals etc.
• E.g. – He said that he would go to the park that day.
THERE ARE 4 CHANGES IN THE REPORTED SPEECH
1. TENSE CHANGE 2. NOUN TO PRONOUN
3. MODALS CHANGE
TENSE CHANGE
4. PLACE AND TIME CHANGE
NOUN TO PRONOUN CHANGE
MODALS CHANGE
PLACE AND TIME CHANGE
Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences express a sudden outburst of some emotions such as joy,
sorrow, contempt, regret, surprise etc. Common explanatory phrases are given
below:
Hurrah! Ha! (Express joy)
Alas! Oh! (Express sorrow, regret, or loss)
Bravo! (Express Applause)
What! Oh! How! (Express surprise)
Pooh! Pshaw! (Express contempt)
Examples
Direct: The boy said, ‘Hurrah! We have won the match.’
Indirect: The boy exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Direct: The old man said, ‘Alas! I have lost my purse.’
Indirect: The old man exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his purse.
Direct: The child said, ‘What a beautiful sight!’
Indirect: The child exclaimed with delight that it was a very beautiful sight. OR
The child exclaimed with delight that the sight was very beautiful.
Direct: The girl said, ‘How beautiful the girl is!’
Indirect: The girl exclaimed with delight that the rainbow was very beautiful.
Direct: The candidate said, ‘How difficult the problem is!’
Indirect: The candidate exclaimed with disapproval that the problem was very
difficult.
Direct: The students said to the teacher, ‘Good morning, Teacher!’
Indirect: The students respectfully wished their teacher good morning.
Direct: ‘How glad I am,’ said Alice, ‘to meet my friend here.’
Indirect: Alice exclaimed with delight that she was very glad to meet her friend
there.
Direct: The Emperor said, ‘Alas! Our foes are too strong!’
Indirect: The Emperor exclaimed with sorrow that their foes were too strong.
Direct: ‘Hurrah!’ cried the boy, ‘I have won a prize.’
Indirect: The boy exclaimed with delight he had done a prize.
