Reproduction and Development Mulligan

Description
This is a closed-book exam consisting of:
● 25 multiple choice
● 7 numerical response
Instructions
● Read each question carefully
● If you wish to change an answer erase all traces of your first answer
Multiple Choice
● Decide which of the choices best completes the statement or answers the
question
● Locate the question number on the separate answer sheet provided and fill in the
circle that corresponds to you choice
Numerical Response
● Record your answer on the answer sheet provided by writing it in the boxes and
then filling in the corresponding circles
● If the answer is between 0 and 1, be sure to record the 0 before the decimal
place
● Enter the first digit of your answer in the left-hand box. Any boxes on the right
that are not needed are to remain blank.

Name: ______________________________
 Use the information below to answer the next two questions.

1. Identify the structures labelled 2, 6 and 8

Row Structure 2 Structure 6 Structure 8

A. Prostate gland Cowper’ gland Epididymis

B. Prostate gland Seminal vesicle Epididymis

C. Bladder Cowper’ gland Testes

D. Bladder Seminal vesicle Testes

2. The order of the structures numbered above through which sperm cells travel from
spermatogenesis to before ejaculation is
A. 8, 7, 2, 9
B. 8, 7, 2, 6
C. 1, 8, 7, 2
D. 1, 8, 7, 3
 Use the following information to answer the next two questions

A non-surgical vasectomy procedure involves using ultrasound to produce scar tissue in the
walls of the vasa deferentia. The resulting scar tissue forms a barrier through which sperm can
not pass.

3. If the non-surgical vasectomy procedure is successful, sperm will not be present in the
A. testes
B. urethra
C. epididymides
D. seminiferous tubules

Use the following information to answer the numerical response question 1

Numerical Response 1

1. Match each of the structures numbered in the diagram with its description given below.

Number: __________ __________ __________ _________

Description: Site of Site of Site of final Site of
blockage sperm sperm testosterone
following a production maturation secretion
vasectomy

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical response section on the answer sheet.)
4. A structure in a man that has a similar function to an ovary in a woman is the
A. epididymis
B. vas deferens
C. seminal vesicle
D. seminiferous tubule

5. Which row below does not accurately match the component of semen with the structure
that secretes it?
Row Components of semen Structure
A. Alkaline buffer Prostate gland
B. Basic buffer Seminal vesicle
C. Mucus Cowper’s gland
D. Sperm Testes

6. Sperm need to confront many dangers to make it to fertilize an ovum. Which of the
following would not support sperm through the female reproductive tract?
A. Lubricant to reduce friction
B. Supply of high calorie nutrient
C. Enzymes to attack the female immune system
D. Solution to neutralize the environment of the vagina
 Use the following information to answer numerical-response 2

Numerical Response 2

2. In the diagrams above, the four areas where N. gonorrhoeae can grow are numbered
_______ , _______, _______, and _______.

(Record your answer in any order in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
 Use the following information to answer the next question

7. In the diagram above, which cell still needs to undergo meiosis to become a sperm and
how much genetic information will it contribute to an embryo?

Row Cell Genetic contribution of sperm

A 2 23 chromosomes

B 2 46 chromosomes

C 4 23 chromosomes

D 4 46 chromosomes

8. The function of the acrosome on the male sperm is to provide

A. the energy required for motility.
B. the energy for the mitochondria.
C. protection for the nucleus (DNA) found in the sperm.
D. the enzymes that help the sperm enter the egg.
 9. Under normal circumstances, what initially determines whether an embryo develops into
a male or a female?

A. The embryo develops testes for a male and ovaries for a female.

B. The embryo predominantly produces testosterone for a male and estrogen for a
female.

C. The embryo’s genital embryonic structures develop into those of a male or those of a
female.

D. The embryo develops into a male if fertilization involves a Y chromosome - carrying

sperm and into a female if fertilization involves a X chromosome - carrying sperm.

Use the following diagram to answer the next question.

Numerical Response 3
3. The order of the structures that an unfertilized egg would travel through after ovulation is
____, ____, ____, and ____.
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical response section on the answer sheet.)
 Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

10. All of these reproductive strategies can be used to help produce a baby. Which of the
following is accurate about these technologies:

A. The baby born from cloning will live as long as the baby born from fertilization
B. Cloning is the only process that will require supplemental hormones of
progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy
C. All of the above methods will require implantation
D. All of the above methods could utilize a sperm donor
 11. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia
trachomatis, which infects the endometrium. Permanent inflammation that results from
this infection can cause ectopic pregnancies, which occur when an embryo implants
outside its natural location. Which of the following rows identifies the location where an
ectopic pregnancy typically occurs and describes an effect of a C. trachomatis infection?

Row Location of Ectopic Effect of a C. trachomatis Infection

Pregnancy

A. 2 Decreases hormone production by the follicle

B. 2 Decreases nutrients available to the growing embryo

C. 3 Decreases hormone production by the follicle

D. 3 Decreases nutrients available to the growing embryo

Use the following information to answer the next question

A weekly injection of estrogen was investigated as a method of contraception.

12. Which of the following hypotheses is most consistent with the investigation?

A. Estrogen will increase the secretion of LH through positive feedback

B. Estrogen will decrease the secretion of GnRH through positive feedback
C. Estrogen will increase the secretion of GnRH through negative feedback
D. Estrogen will decrease the secretion of both LH and FSH through negative feedback

13. Which of the following rows identifies a hormone imbalance and describes an effect most
immediately of the hormone imbalance?

Row Possible Hormone Imbalance Effect

A. A decrease in blood LH levels Decreased ovum maturation

B. A decrease in blood FSH levels Decreased ovum maturation

C. An increase in blood GnRH levels Decreased estrogen production

D. An increase in blood GnRH levels Decreased ovum production

 Use the following information to answer the next question

14. Which of the following rows identifies LH, GnRH, and testosterone in the diagram of
hormonal control of sperm production shown above?

Row LH GnRH Testosterone

A. Hormone 2 Hormone 1 Hormone 4

B. Hormone 2 Hormone 3 Hormone 5

C. Hormone 3 Hormone 1 Hormone 4

D. Hormone 3 Hormone 2 Hormone 5

 Use the following information to answer the next question

15. Which of the following rows correctly identifies 1 and 2 as pituitary hormones and also
3 and 4 as ovarian hormones, respectively,

Row Pituitary hormones Ovarian hormones

1 and then 2 3 and then 4

A. LH and FSH Progesterone and Estrogen

B. FSH and LH Progesterone and Estrogen

C. LH and FSH Estrogen and Progesterone

D. FSH and LH Estrogen and Progesterone

 Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions

16. The part of the diagram that represents the ovum just before day 14 of an average ovarian
cycle is labelled
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

17. If the ovum is fertilized and leads to implantation, which hormone will be found with a
high concentration in the mothers blood, and which structure in the ovary would respond
to this hormone?

Row Hormone Structure of ovary

A. hCG Corpus luteum

B. hCG Follicle

C. hGH Corpus luteum

D. hGH Follicle
 Use the following information to answer the next question
Some Events in the Menstrual Cycle

1. Corpus luteum forms.

2. Follicle stimulating hormone peaks.
3. Estrogen levels descend to the lowest level.
4. Ovum is liberated.

Numerical Response 4

4. Beginning at the start of the flow phase, the sequence in which the events in the menstrual
cycle listed above occur is ______, ______, ______, and _____.

(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a screening procedure that is performed on an embryo

after in vitro fertilization and before implantation. During the procedure, one cell is removed
from a mass of eight cells and is screened for genetic abnormalities. If no abnormalities are
present, the remaining mass of seven cells is placed into a woman’s uterus.

18. A cell that is removed from a mass of eight cells is useful for genetic screening because it
A. is more specialized than a zygote
B. has undergone many cell divisions
C. contains one copy of each human chromosome
D. contains a complete set of human chromosomes

19. A cell can be removed from a mass of eight cells for genetic screening without affecting
the development of the embryo and fetus because the remaining seven cells have
A. differentiated
B. been fertilized
C. not differentiated
D. not been fertilized
 Use the following information to answer the next two questions

In vitro fertilization techniques can enable postmenopausal women (those who have gone
through menopause) to have babies. In vitro is latin for “in glass”, as the process of
fertilization will occur in an artificial medium. The postmenopausal woman requires hormone
supplements for implantation and development to succeed.

20. In a pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilization of a postmenopausal woman,

implantation would not function normally because the

A. woman would not have a corpus luteum to produce pregnancy hormones

B. morula would not have an endometrium to attach to
C. woman’s pituitary would not respond to implantation hormones
D. embryo would not have enough time for cleavage

Use the following additional information to answer the next question

Some Steps Involved in the Process of In Vitro Fertilization

1. Ova are removed from the ovary

2. FSH is administered to the donor of the ova
3. Fertilization occurs in an artificial medium
4. Ultrasound imaging is used to monitor the development of follicles

Numerical Response 5

5. The order in which the steps numbered in the list occur in the process of in vitro fertilization
is _______ , _______, _______, and _______.

(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
21. In the diagram above, the structure that develops from layer X and the structure that
develops from layer Y are, respectively, the
A. embryo and the amnion
B. placenta and the amnion
C. placenta and the embryo
D. embryo and the placenta

Use the following information to answer the next question

22. Which of the following rows describes the typical processes the embryos will be going
through at these exact stages?
Row Process of Embryo 1 Process of Embryo 2
A. Cleavage Gastrulation
B. Cleavage Implantation
C. Implantation Gastrulation
D. Implantation Implantation
 Use the following information to answer the next question.

Some Organs and Tissues That Develop in an Embryo

1. Brain tissue and hair

2. Uterus or prostate
3. Respiratory tract

23. Which of the following rows properly identifies the three germ layers with products of
their continued growth?

Row Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

A. 1 2 3

B. 1 3 2

C. 3 2 1

D. 3 1 2
 Use the following information to answer the next question

Numerical Response 6

6. Match four of the boxes numbered in the diagram above with their descriptions below.

Number: __________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Description: Lining of Placenta Nervous Allantois
digestive system
tract and skin
develops develops

(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on t`he answer sheet.)
 Use the following information to answer the next question

24. Which of the following does not normally occur at the placenta?

A. Nutrients move from the maternal blood to the fetal blood

B. Blood cells move from the maternal blood to the fetal blood
C. Carbon dioxide moves from the fetal blood to the maternal blood
D. Metabolic wastes move from the fetal blood to the maternal blood
 Use the following information to answer the next question.

The effect of a teratogen on an embryo or fetus depends upon the developmental stage of
the embryo or fetus when exposure takes place.

Possible Effects of Teratogens on an Embryo or Fetus

1 Exposure to teratogens affects growth and maturation of organs that have already been
formed.
2 Exposure to teratogens causes abnormalities that cannot be repaired because cells are
differentiating into tissues and organs.
3 Cells have a chance to recover from teratogen exposure because they are
undifferentiated and can replace damaged or lost cells through mitosis.

Numerical Response 7

7. Match each of the effects of teratogens numbered above with the stage of development
during which it takes place, as described below.
Effect: ___________ ___________ ___________
Stage: Conception Implantation 8 weeks to
to implantation to 7 weeks 38 weeks

(Record all three digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

25. Which is the correct order of events for initiating breastfeeding:

A. 1, 3, 4, 2
B. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 3, 4, 2, 1
D. 3, 2, 4, 1