CHAPTER – 7

TRIANGLES
Exercise 7.1
Page No 7.2:
Question 1: Fill in the blanks using the correct word given in brackets:

(i) All circles are ......... (congruent, similar).

T IO S
(ii) All squares are ........(similar, congruent).
(iii) All .......... triangles are similar (isosceles, equilateral):

I
NO A D
(iv) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding angles are ..........

CO N
(proportional, equal)
A
(v) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding sides are ...........

PY
DO U A
(proportional, equal)
T
(vi) Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (a) their
ED PR

corresponding angles are and (b) their corresponding sides are

...........(equal, proportional).
C

ANSWER:
©

(i) Since all circles have centre and circumference, therefore all circles are
similar.
Hence Similar
(ii) Since all squares have each angle and sides are proportional,
therefore all squares are similar.
Hence Similar
(iii) In equilateral triangle each angle is therefore all equilateral
triangles are similar.
Hence equilateral
(iv) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding angles are equal.
(v) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding sides are Proportional.
(vi) Two polygons of same number of sides are similar, if (a) their
corresponding angles are equal and (b) their corresponding sides
are Proportional.

Page No 7.3:
Question 2: Write the truth value (T/F) of each of the following
statements:

T IO S
(i) Any two similar figures are congruent.

I
NO A D
(ii) Any two congruent figures are similar.

CO N
A
(iii) Two polygons are similar, if their corresponding sides are

PY
DO U A
proportional.
(iv) Two polygons are similar, if their corresponding angles are
T
ED PR

proportional.
(v) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.
C

(vi) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding angles are

©

proportional.
ANSWER:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) True
 EXERCISE – 7.2
Page No 7.19:
Question 1: In a ∆ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC
respectively such that DE || BC.
(i) If AD = 6 cm, DB = 9 cm and AE = 8 cm, find AC.
𝐴𝐷 3
(ii) If = and AC = 15 cm, find AE.
𝐷𝐵 4
𝐴𝐷 2

T IO S
(iii) If = and AC = 18 cm, find AE.
𝐷𝐵 3

I
(iv) If AD = 4, AE = 8, DB = x − 4, and EC = 3x − 19, find x.
NO A D
CO N
A
(v) If AD = 8 cm, AB = 12 cm and AE = 12 cm, find CE.

PY
(vi) if AD = 4 cm, DB = 4.5 cm and AE = 8 cm, find AC.
DO U A
T
(vii) If AD = 2 cm, AB = 6 cm, and AC = 9 cm, find AE.
ED PR

𝐴𝐷 4
(viii) If = and EC = 2.5 cm, find AE.
𝐵𝐷 5
C

(ix) If AD = x, DB = x − 2, AE = x + 2 and EC = x − 1, find the value of x.

©

(x) If AD = 8x − 7, DB = 5x − 3, AE = 4x − 3 and EC = (3x − 1), find the

value of x.
(xi) If AD = 4x − 3, AE = 8x − 7, BD = 3x − 1 and CE = 5x − 3. find the
volume x.
(xii) If AD = 2.5 cm, BD = 3.0 cm and AE = 3.75 cm find the length of
AC.
ANSWER:
(i) It is given that ∆ABC and DE || BC
We have to find the AC
Since
AD = 6 cm
DB = 9 cm
AE = 8 cm
⇒ AB = 15
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐸
6 8
Then =
9 𝑥

T IO S
6𝑥 = 72 cm

I
𝑥= NO A D
72
cm

CO N
6
A
= 12 cm

PY
DO U A
Hence
T
ED PR

𝐴𝐶 = 12 + 8
= 20
C

𝐴𝐷 3
©

(ii) It is given that = and AC = 15 cm

𝐵𝐷 4

We have to find AE
Let AE = 𝑥
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
3 𝑥
Then =
4 15−𝑥

45 − 3𝑥 = 4𝑥
−3𝑥 − 4𝑥 = −45
7𝑥 = 45
45
𝑥=
7
Hence
𝑥 = 6.43 cm

𝐴𝐷 2
(iii) It is given that = and AC = 18 cm
𝐵𝐷 3

We have to find AE
Let AE = x and CE = 18 – x

T IO S
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸

I
Then = NO A D
2 𝑥

CO N
3 18−𝑥
A
3𝑥 = 36 − 2𝑥

PY
DO U A
5𝑥 = 36 cm
T
ED PR

36
𝑥= cm
5

𝑥 = 7.2 cm
C
©

Hence
AE = 7.2 cm

(iv) It is given that AD = 4cm, AE = 8 cm, DB = 𝑥 − 4 and EC = 3𝑥 −

19.
We have to find x
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
4 8
Then =
𝑥−4 3𝑥−19

4(3𝑥 − 19) = 8(𝑥 − 4)

 12𝑥 − 76 = 8(𝑥 − 4)
12𝑥 − 8𝑥 = −32 + 76
4𝑥 = 44 cm
Hence
𝑥 = 11 cm

T IO S
(v) It is given that AD = 8cm, AB = 12 cm and AE = 12 cm.

I
We have to find CE.
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
A
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸

PY
8 12
Then =
DO U A
4 𝐶𝐸
T
8CE = 4 × 12 cm
ED PR

4×12
CE = cm
8
C

48
©

= cm
8

= 6 cm
Hence
CE = 6 cm

(vi) It is given that AD = 4cm, DB = 4.5 cm and AE = 12 cm.

We have to find AC.
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
4 8
Then =
4.5 𝐴𝐶
 4.5×8
AC = cm
4

= 9 cm
Hence
AC = 9 cm

(vii) It is given that AD = 2cm, AB = 6 cm and AC = 9cm.

T IO S
We have to find AE.

I
Now
NO A D
CO N
DB = 6 − 2 = 4 cm
A
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸

PY
So = (by Thales theorem)
DO U A
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
T
2 𝑥
ED PR

Then = (Let 𝑥 = 𝐴𝐸)

4 9−𝑥

4𝑥 = 18 − 2𝑥
C

6𝑥 = 18 cm
©

18
𝑥= cm
6

𝑥 = 3 cm
Hence
𝑥 = 3 cm

𝐴𝐷 4
(viii) It is given that = and EC = 2.5 cm
𝐵𝐷 5

We have to find AE.

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
 4 𝐴𝐸
Then =
5 2.5

4×2.5
𝐴𝐸 = = 2 cm
5

Hence
AE = 2cm

(ix) It is given that AD = x, DB = x – 2, AE = x + 2 and EC = x – 1.

T IO S I
We have to find the value of x.
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
A
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸

PY
𝑥 𝑥+2
=
DO U A
Then
𝑥−2 𝑥−1
T
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
ED PR

𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + 4 = 0
C

𝑥=4
©

Hence
𝑥 = 4 cm

(x) It is given that AD = 8x − 7, DB = 5x − 3, AE = 4x − 3 and EC = 3x −

1.
We have to find the value of .
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸

Then,

8𝑥−7 4𝑥−3
=
5𝑥−3 3𝑥−1
⇒ (8𝑥 − 7)(3𝑥 − 1) = (5𝑥 − 3)(4𝑥 − 3)
⇒ 24𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 7 = 20𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 9
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ 2[2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1] = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0

T IO S
⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 1(𝑥 − 1) = 0

I
⇒ (𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑥 − 1 = 0 or 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
A
1

PY
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 or 𝑥 = − (rejected)
DO U A
2
T
ED PR

Hence,
𝑥 = 1 cm
C
©

(xi) It is given that AD = 4x − 3, BD = 3x − 1, AE = 8x − 7 and EC = 5x −

3.
We have to find the value of .
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
4𝑥−3 8𝑥−7
Then =
3𝑥−1 5𝑥−3

(4𝑥 − 3)(5𝑥 − 3) = (3𝑥 − 1)(8𝑥 − 7)

4𝑥 (5𝑥 − 3) − 3(5𝑥 − 3) = 3𝑥(8𝑥 − 7) − 1(8𝑥 − 7)
20𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 15𝑥 + 9 = 24𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 7
20𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 9 = 24𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 7
Then
−4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 = 0
4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
4𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 2(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(4𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0

T IO S
𝑥=1

I
Hence NO A D
CO N
A
𝑥 = 1 cm

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(xii) It is given that AD = 2.5 cm, AE = 3.7 cm and BD = 3 cm.

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
So = (by Thales theorem)
C

𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
©

2.5 3.7
Then =
3 𝐶𝐸

2.5𝐶𝐸 = 3.75 × 3
3.75×3
𝐶𝐸 =
2.5
11.25
=
2.5

= 4.50
Now
𝐴𝐶 = 3.75 cm + 4.50 cm
= 8.25 cm
Page No 7.19:
Question 2: In a ∆ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC
respectively. For each of the following cases show that DE || BC:
(i) AB = 12 cm, AD = 8 cm, AE = 12 cm and AC = 18 cm.
(ii) AB = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 and AE = 1.8 cm.
(iii) AB = 10.8 cm, BD = 4.5 cm, AC = 4.8 cm and AE = 2.8 cm.
(iv) AD = 5.7 cm, BD = 9.5 cm, AE = 3.3 cm and EC = 5.5 cm
ANSWER:

T IO S
(i) It is given that D and E are point on sides AB and AC.

I
NO A D
We have to prove that DE || BC.

CO N
A
According to Thales theorem we have

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
T
ED PR

8 12
⇒ =
4 6

⇒2=2 (Proportional)
C
©

Hence, DE || BC.

(ii) It is given that and are point on sides AB and AC.

We have to prove that DE || BC.
According to Thales theorem we have
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
1.4 1.8
⇒ =
4.2 5.4
1 1
⇒ = (Proportional)
3 3

Hence, DE || BC.
(iii) It is given that and are point on sides AB and AC.
We have to prove that DE || BC.
According to Thales theorem we have
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸

So

T IO S
𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐷𝐵 = 10.8 − 4.5 = 6.3

I
And NO A D
CO N
A
𝐸𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐴𝐸 = 4.8 − 2.8 = 2

PY
DO U A
Now
T
ED PR

6.3 2.8
=
4.5 2.0

Hence, DE || BC.
C
©

(iv) It is given that and are point on sides AB and AC.

We have to prove that DE || BC.
According to Thales theorem we have
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐶𝐸
5.7 3.3
⇒ =
9.5 5.5
3 3
⇒ = (Proportional)
5 5

Hence, DE || BC.
 Page No 7.19:
Question 3: In a ∆ABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC
respectively, such that PQ || BC. If AP = 2.4 cm, AQ = 2 cm, QC = 3 cm
and BC = 6 cm, find the AB and PQ.
ANSWER:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

It is given that AP = 2.4 cm, AQ = 2.4 cm, QC = 3 cm and BC = 6 cm.

C

We have to find AB and PQ.

©

𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
So = (by Thales theorem)
𝑃𝐵 𝑄𝐶
2.4 2
Then =
𝑃𝐵 3

⇒ 2𝑃𝐵 = 2.4 × 3 cm
2.4×3
⇒ 𝑃𝐵 = cm
2

= 3.6 cm
Now
AB = AP + PB
= 2.4 + 3.6 cm
= 6 cm

Since PQ∥∥BC, AB is a transversal, then

∠APQ = ∠ABC (corresponding angles)

Since PQ∥∥BC, AC is a transversal, then

∠AQP = ∠ACB (corresponding angles)

T IO S I
In ∆APQ and ∆ABC,
NO A D
CO N
A
∠APQ = ∠ABC (proved above)

PY
DO U A

∠AQP = ∠ACB (proved above)

T
ED PR

so, ∆ APQ ∼ ∆ ABC (Angle Similarity)

C
©

Since the corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional, then

𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝑄 𝐴𝑄
= =
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶

𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝑄
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
2.4 𝑃𝑄
=
6 6

so, PQ = 2.4 cm

Page No 7.19:
Question 4: In a ∆ABC, D and E are points on AB and AC respectively
such that DE || BC. If AD = 2.4 cm, AE = 3.2 cm, DE = 2 cm and BC = 5
cm, find BD and CE.
ANSWER:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
It is given that AD = 2.4 cm, AE = 3.2 cm, DE = 2 cm and BC = 5 cm.
T
We have to find BD and CE.
ED PR

Since DE||BC, AB is transversal, then

C
©

∠ADE = ∠ABC (corresponding angles)

Since DE∥BC, AC is a transversal, then

∠AED = ∠ACB (corresponding angles)

In ∆ADE and ∆ABC,

∠ADE = ∠ABC (proved above)

∠AED = ∠ACB (proved above)

so, ∆ADE ∼ ∆ABC (Angle similarity)

Since, the corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional, then

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
= =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸
⇒ =
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
2.4 2
⇒ =
2.4 + 𝐷𝐵 5

⇒ 2.4 + DB = 6

T IO S
⇒ DB = 6 − 2.4

I
⇒ DB = 3.6 cm
NO A D
CO N
A
Similarly,

PY
𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
DO U A
=
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
T
3.2 2
ED PR

⇒ =
3.2 + 𝐸𝐶 5

⇒ 3.2 + EC = 8
C

⇒ EC = 8 − 3.2
©

⇒ EC = 4.8 cm

Hence, BD = 3.6 cm and CE = 4.8 cm.

Page No 7.19:
Question 5: In Fig. 4.35, state if PQ || EF.
 T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

It is given that EP = 3 cm, PG = 3.9 cm, FQ = 3.6 cm and FQ = 2.4 cm.

We have to check that PQ||EF or not.
According to Thales theorem we have
𝑃𝐺 𝐺𝑄
=
𝐺𝐸 𝐹𝑄

Now,
3.9 3.6
≠
3 2.4

Hence, it is not proportional.

So, PQ ∦ EF.
 Page No 7.20:
Question 6: M and N are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a
∆PQR. For each of the following cases, state whether MN || QR.
(i) PM = 4 cm, QM = 4.5 cm, PN = 4 cm, NR = 4.5 cm
(ii) PQ = 1.28 cm, PR = 2.56 cm, PM = 0.16 cm, PN = 0.32 cm
ANSWER:
(1) It is given that PM = 4 cm, QM = 4.5 cm, PN = 4cm and NR = 4.5 cm.

T IO S
We have to check that MN||QR or not.

I
NO A D
According to Thales theorem we have

CO N
A
𝑃𝑀 𝑃𝑁
=

PY
𝑄𝑀 𝑁𝑅
DO U A
4 4
⇒ = (Proportional)
T
4.5 4.5
ED PR

Hence, MN||QR
C

(2) It is given that PQ = 1.28 cm, PR = 2.56 cm, PM = 0.16 cm and PN =

©

0.32 cm.
We have to check that MN||QR or not.
According to Thales theorem we have
𝑃𝑀 𝑃𝑁
=
𝑄𝑀 𝑁𝑅

Now,
PM 0.16 1
= =
MQ 1.12 7
PN 0.32 1
= =
NR 2.24 7
0.16 0.32
∴ =
1.12 2.24

Hence, MN||QR
 Page No 7.20:
Question 7: In three line segments OA, OB and OC points L, M, N
respectively are so chosen that LM || AB and MN || BC but neither of L,
M, N nor of A, B, C are collinear. Show that LN || AC.
ANSWER:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

In ΔOAB, since LM∥AB, then

𝑂𝐿 𝑂𝑀
= (By BPT) ........(1)
C

𝐿𝐴 𝑀𝐵
©

In ΔOBC, since MN∥BC, then

𝑂𝑀 𝑂𝑁
= (By BPT)
𝑀𝐵 𝑁𝐶
𝑂𝑁 𝑂𝑀
⇒ = .........(2)
𝑁𝐶 𝑀𝐵

from (1) and (2), we get

𝑂𝐿 𝑂𝑁
= .........(3)
𝐿𝐴 𝑁𝐶

In ΔOCA, we have,
𝑂𝐿 𝑂𝑁
=
𝐿𝐴 𝑁𝐶

⇒ LN∥AC (By converse of BPT)

 Page No 7.20:
Question 8: If D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively of a
∆ABC such that DE || BC and BD = CE. Prove that ∆ABC is isosceles.
ANSWER:
It is given that in ∆ABC, DE || BC and BD = CE.

We have to prove that ∆ABC is isosceles.

T IO S
By Thales theorem we have

I
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
𝐵𝐷
=
NO A D
𝐸𝐶

CO N
A
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐸

PY
DO U A
Now BD = CE and AD = AE
T
ED PR

So AD + BD = AE + CE
C

Hence AB = AC
©

So, ∆ABC is isosceles

 EXERCISE – 7.3
Page No 7.31:
Question 1: If a ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.

(i) If BD = 2.5 cm, AB = 5 cm and AC = 4.2 cm, find DC.

(ii) If BD = 2 cm, AB = 5 cm and DC = 3 cm, find AC.
(iii) If AB = 3.5 cm, AC = 4.2 cm and DC = 2.8 cm, find BD.
(iv) If AB = 10 cm, AC = 14 cm and BC = 6 cm, find BD and DC.

T IO S
(v) If AC = 4.2 cm, DC = 6 cm and BC = 10 cm. find AB.

I
(vi) If AB = 5.6 cm, AC = 6 cm and DC = 3 cm, find BC.
NO A D
CO N
(vii) If AD = 5.6 cm, BC = 6 cm and BD = 3.2 cm, find AC.
A
(viii) If AB = 10 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm, find BD and DC.

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

(i) It is given that BD = 2.5 cm, AB = 5 cm and AC = 4.2 cm.

In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.
C

We have to find DC.

©

Since AD is ∠A bisector
𝐴𝐵 2.5
Then =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
5 2.5
=
4.2 𝐷𝐶

5DC = 4.2 × 2.5

4.2×2.5
DC =
5

= 2.1
Hence DC = 2.1 cm
(ii) It is given that BD = 2 cm, AB = 5 cm and DC = 3 cm.
In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.
We have to find AC.
Since AD is ∠A bisector
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
So = (AD is the bisector of ∠A and side BC)
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

Then
5 2
=
𝐴𝐶 3

T IO S
⇒ 2𝐴𝐶 = 5 × 3

I
⇒ AC = NO A D 15

CO N
2
A
= 7.5

PY
DO U A
Hence AC = 7.5 cm
T
ED PR

(iii) It is given that AB = 3.5 cm, AC = 4.2 cm and DC = 2.8 cm.

C

In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.

©

We have to find BD.

Since AD is ∠A bisector
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
So = (AD is the bisector of ∠A and side BC)
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

Then
3.5 𝐵𝐷
=
4.2 2.8
3.5×2.8
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 =
4.2
7
⇒ BD =
3

= 2.3
Hence BD = 2.3 cm

(iv) It is given that AB = 10 cm, AC = 14 cm and BC = 6 cm.

In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.
We have to find BD and DC.
Since AD is ∠A bisector
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷

T IO S
So = (AD is the bisector of ∠A and side BC)
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

I
Let BD = x cm. Then CD = (6 − x) cm
NO A D
CO N
A
Then,

PY
DO U A
10 𝑥
=
14 6−𝑥
T
ED PR

⇒ 14𝑥 = 60 − 10𝑥
⇒ 24𝑥 = 60
C

60
©

⇒𝑥= = 2.5
24

Hence, BD = 2.5 cm and DC = 6 − 2.5 = 3.5 cm.

(v) It is given that AC = 4.2 cm, DC = 6 cm and BC = 10 cm.

In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.
We have to find AB.
Since AD is ∠A bisector
𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐶
So =
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐷

Then,
4.2 6
=
𝐴𝐵 4

⇒ 6𝐴𝐵 = 4.2 × 4
4.2×4
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 =
6
16.8
⇒
6

Hence AB = 2.8 cm

T IO S I
(vi) It is given that AB = 5.6 cm, AC = 6 cm and DC = 3 cm.
NO A D
In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.

CO N
A
We have to find BC.

PY
DO U A
Since AD is ∠A bisector
T
ED PR

𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐷
So =
𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐶

Then
C
©

6 3
=
5.6 𝐷𝐶

⇒ 𝐷𝐶 = 2.8
So
𝐵𝐶 = 2.8 + 3
= 5.8
Hence BC = 5.8 cm

(vii) If it is given that AD = 5.6 cm, BC = 6 cm and BD = 3.2 cm.

In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.
 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
∴ =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
5.6 cm 3.2 cm
= [DC = BC – BD]
𝐴𝐶 2.8 cm
5.6×2.8
AC = cm = 4.9 cm
3.2

(viii) It is given that AB = 10 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm.

In ∆ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.

T IO S I
We have to find BD and DC.
NO A D
CO N
Since AD is ∠A bisector
A
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
So =

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵 T 𝐵𝐷

Let BD = x cm
ED PR

Then
6 12−𝑥
C

=
10 𝑥
©

⇒ 6𝑥 = 120 − 10𝑥
⇒ 16𝑥 = 120
120
⇒𝑥=
16

⇒ 𝑥 = 7.5
Now
DC = 12 – BD
= 12 – 7.5
= 4.5
Hence BD = 7.5 cm and DC = 4.5 cm
 Page No 7.31:
Question 2: In Fig. 4.57, AE is the bisector of the exterior ∠CAD meeting
BC produced in E. If AB = 10 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm, find CE.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
It is given that AE is the bisector of the exterior ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷
DO U A
T
Meeting BC produced E and AB = 10 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm
ED PR

Since AE is the bisector of the exterior ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷

𝐵𝐸 𝐴𝐵
C

So =
𝐶𝐸 𝐴𝐶
©

12+𝑥 10
=
𝑥 6

72 + 6𝑥 = 10𝑥
4𝑥 = 72
𝑥 = 18
Hence CE = 18 cm

Page No 7.31:
𝐴𝐵
Question 3: In Fig. 4.58, ∆ABC is a triangle such that =
𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐷
, ∠B=70°, ∠C=50°. Find the ∠BAD.
𝐷𝐶
ANSWER:

T IO S
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
It is given that in ∆ABC, = , ∠B=70°, ∠C=50°.

I
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

NO A D
CO N
We have to find ∠BAD.
A
In ∆ABC,

PY
DO U A
∠B = 180° - (70° + 50°)
T
ED PR

= 180° - 120°
= 60°
C
©

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Since = , therefore, AD is the bisector of ∠A∠A.
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
60°
Hence, ∠BAD = = 30°
2

Page No 7.31:
Question 4: In Fig. 4.60, check whether AD is the bisector of ∠A of
∆ABC in each of the following:
(i) AB = 5 cm, AC = 10 cm, BD = 1.5 cm and CD = 3.5 cm
(ii) AB = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm, BD = 1.6 cm and CD = 2.4 cm

T IO S
(iii) AB = 8 cm, AC = 24 cm, BD = 6 cm and BC = 24 cm

I
(iv) AB = 6 cm, AC = 8 cm, BD = 1.5 cm and CD = 2 cm
NO A D
CO N
(v) AB = 5 cm, AC = 12 cm, BD = 2.5 cm and BC = 9 cm
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
(i) It is given that AB = 5 cm, AC = 10 cm, BD = 1.5 cm and CD = 3.5
T
cm.
ED PR

We have to check whether AD is bisector of ∠𝐴.

C

First we will check proportional ratio between sides.

©

Now

𝐴𝐵 5 1
= =
𝐴𝐶 10 2

𝐵𝐷 1.5 3
= =
𝐶𝐷 3.5 7

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Since ≠
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐷

Hence AD is not the bisector of ∠𝐴.

(ii) It is given that, AB = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm, BD = 1.6 cm and CD = 2.4
cm.
We have to check whether AD is bisector of ∠𝐴.
First we will check proportional ratio between sides.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
So =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
4 1.6
⇒ =
6 2.4
2 2

T IO S
⇒ =
3 3

I
NO A D
(It is proportional)

CO N
A
Hence, AD is bisector of ∠𝐴.

PY
DO U A
T
(iii) It is given that AB = 8 cm, AC = 24 cm, BD = 6 cm and BC = 24 cm.
ED PR

We have to check whether AD is bisector of ∠𝐴.

C

First we will check proportional ratio between sides.

©

Now
DC = BC – BD
DC = 24 – 6
= 18

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
So =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
8 6
⇒ =
24 18
1 1
⇒ =
3 3
(It is proportional)
Hence, is bisector of ∠𝐴.
(iv) It is given that, AB = 6 cm, AC = 8 cm, BD = 1.5 cm and CD = 2 cm.
We have to check whether AD is bisector of ∠𝐴.
First we will check proportional ratio between sides.

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
So =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

6 1.5
⇒ =
8 2

T IO S
3 3
⇒ =

I
4 4

NO A D
(It is proportional)

CO N
A
Hence is bisector of ∠𝐴.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(v) It is given that AB = 5 cm, AC = 12 cm, BD = 2.5 cm and BC = 9 cm

We have to check whether AD is bisector of ∠𝐴.
C

First we will check proportional ratio between sides.

©

Now

𝐴𝐵 5
=
𝐴𝐶 12

𝐵𝐷 2.5 5
= =
𝐶𝐷 9 18

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Since ≠
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐷

Hence AD is not the bisector of ∠𝐴.

 Page No 7.31:
Question 5: In Fig. 4.60, AD bisects ∠A, AB = 12 cm, AC = 20 cm and
BD = 5 cm, determine CD.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
It is given that; AD bisects ∠A. Also, AB = 12 cm, AC = 20 cm and BD

PY
DO U A
= 5 cm.
T
ED PR

We have to find CD.

Since AD is the bisector of ∠A
C

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Then =
©

𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
12cm 5cm
=
20cm 𝐷𝐶

12cm × 𝐷𝐶 = 20cm × 5cm

100
𝐷𝐶 = cm
12

= 8.33 cm
Hence CD = 8.33 cm
 Page No 7.32:
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Question 6: In ∆ABC (Fig. 4.59), if ∠1 = ∠2, prove that = .
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
DO U A
We have to prove that = .
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
T
In ∆ABC,
ED PR

∠1 = ∠2 (Given)
C

So, AD is the bisector of ∠A.

©

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Therefore, =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

Page No 7.32:
Question 7: D, E and F are the points on sides BC, CA and AB
respectively of ∆ABC such that AD bisects ∠A, BE bisects ∠B and CF
bisects ∠C. If AB = 5 cm, BC = 8 cm and CA = 4 cm, determine AF, CE
and BD.
ANSWER:
 T IO S
It is given that AB = 5 cm, BC = 8 cm and CA = 4 cm.

I
NO A D
We have to find AF, CE and BD.

CO N
A
Since AD is bisector of ∠A

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
So =
𝐴𝐶
T𝐷𝐶
ED PR

Then,
C

5 𝐵𝐷
=
©

4 𝐵𝐶−𝐵𝐷
5 𝐵𝐷
⇒ =
4 8−𝐵𝐷

⇒ 40 − 5𝐵𝐷 = 4𝐵𝐷
⇒ 9𝐵𝐷 = 40
40
So, 𝐵𝐷 =
9

Since BE is the bisector of ∠𝐵.

So,

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐶
 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶−𝐸𝐶
⇒ =
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐶
5 4−𝐶𝐸
=
8 𝐶𝐸

5𝐶𝐸 = 32 − 8𝐶𝐸
5𝐶𝐸 + 8𝐶𝐸 = 32
13𝐶𝐸 = 32
So

T IO S
32
𝐶𝐸 = cm

I
13
NO A D
CO N
Now since CF is the bisector of ∠𝐶
A
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐹
So =

PY
DO U A
𝐶𝐴 𝐴𝐹
8 𝐴𝐵−𝐴𝐹
T
=
ED PR

4 𝐴𝐹
8 5−𝐴𝐹
=
4 𝐴𝐹
C

8𝐴𝐹 = 20 − 4𝐴𝐹
©

12𝐴𝐹 = 20
So
3𝐴𝐹 = 5 cm
5
𝐴𝐹 = cm
3
5
Hence 𝐴𝐹 = cm
3
32
𝐶𝐸 = cm
13
40
And 𝐵𝐷 = cm
9
 Exercise – 7.4
Page No 7.37:
Question 1:
(i) In the given figure, if AB || CD, find the value of x.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
(ii) In the given figure, If AB || CD, find the value of x.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

(iii) In the given figure, AB || CD, If OA = 3x − 19, OB = x − 4, OC = x −

3 and OD = 4, find x.

ANSWER:
(i) It is given that AB || CD.

We have to find the value of 𝑥.

T IO S I
Diagonals of the para
NO A D
CO N
𝐷𝑂 𝐶𝑂
=
A
Now
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵

PY
4𝑥−2 2𝑥+4
DO U A
⇒ =
4 𝑥+1
T
ED PR

4(2𝑥 + 4) = (4𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)

8𝑥 + 16 = 𝑥 (4𝑥 − 2) + 1(4𝑥 − 2)
C

8𝑥 + 16 = 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 2
©

−4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 + 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
−4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 18 = 0
4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 18 = 0
4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 18 = 0
So
4𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) + 6(𝑥 − 3) = 0
(4𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
Therefore 4𝑥 + 6 = 0 and 𝑥 − 3 = 0
Hence 𝑥 = 3
(ii) It is given that AB || CD

T IO S I
We have to find the value of x
NO A D
CO N
𝐷𝑂 𝐶𝑂
Now =
A
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵

PY
6𝑥−5 5𝑥−3
DO U A
⇒ =
2𝑥+1 3𝑥−1
T
ED PR

(6𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 − 1) = (2𝑥 + 1)(5𝑥 − 3)

3𝑥 (6𝑥 − 5) − 1(6𝑥 − 5) = 2𝑥 (5𝑥 − 3) + 1(5𝑥 − 3)
C

18𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 5 = 10𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 3

©

18𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 + 5 + 𝑥 + 3 = 0

8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 8 = 0
8𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8 = 0
8𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) − 4(𝑥 − 2) = 0
(8𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
So
(8𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
Therefore 8𝑥 − 4 = 0 or 𝑥 − 2 = 0
 1
Hence x = or x = 2.
2

1
For x = , OD is negative.
2

Hence 𝑥 = 2

(iii) It is given that AB || CD.

And OA = 3x − 19, OB = x − 4, OC = x − 3 and OD = 4

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

We have to find the value of 𝑥

C

𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂
Now =
©

𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐷
3𝑥−19 𝑥−4
⇒ =
𝑥−3 4

4(3𝑥 − 19) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 4)

12𝑥 − 76 = 𝑥 (𝑥 − 4) − 3(𝑥 − 4)
12𝑥 − 76 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 12
12𝑥 − 76 = 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 12
−𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 12 + 12𝑥 − 76 = 0
−𝑥 2 + 19𝑥 − 88 = 0
𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 + 88 = 0
So
 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 88 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 11) − 8(𝑥 − 11) = 0

Therefore 𝑥 − 11 = 0 and 𝑥 − 8 = 0
Hence 𝑥 = 8 or 𝑥 = 11.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 7.5
Page No 7.73:
Question 1: In the given figure, ∆ACB ∼ ∆APQ. If BC = 8 cm, PQ = 4
cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm, find CA and AQ.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
It is given that ∆𝐴𝐶𝐵~∆𝐴𝑃𝑄.
ED PR

BC = 8 cm, PQ = 4 cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm

C
©

We have to find CA and AQ.

Since ∆𝐴𝐶𝐵~∆𝐴𝑃𝑄
𝐵𝐴 𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
⇒ = =
𝐴𝑄 𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝑄

So
6.5cm 8cm
=
𝐴𝑄 4cm
6.5cm×4cm
𝐴𝑄 =
8cm

= 3.25 cm
Similarly
𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
=
𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝑄
𝐶𝐴 8cm

T IO S
=
2.8cm 4cm

I
NO A D
𝐶𝐴 = 2.8cm × 2cm

CO N
A
= 5.6 cm

PY
Hence, CA = 5.6 cm and AQ = 3.25 cm
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 7.73:
C

Question 2: In the given figure, AB || QR. Find the length of PB.

©

ANSWER:
It is given that AB||QR
AB = 3cm, QR = 9 cm and PR = 6 cm
We have to find PB.
Since ∆𝑃𝑅𝑄~∆𝑃𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝐵
⇒ =
𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅

So
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝐵
=
𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅
3 cm 𝑃𝐵
=
9 cm 2 cm

T IO S
𝑃𝐵 = 2 cm

I
Hence, 𝑃𝐵 = 2 cm
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.73:

PY
DO U A

Question 3: In the given figure, XY||BC. Find the length of XY.

T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
It is given that XY||BC.
AX = 1cm, XB = 3 cm and BC = 6 cm
We have to find XY.
Since ∆𝐴𝑋𝑌~∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝑋𝑌 𝐴𝑋
⇒ = (𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑋 + 𝑋𝐵 = 4)
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
So
𝑋𝑌 1 cm
=
6 cm 4 cm
6 cm
𝑋𝑌 =
4 cm

= 1.5 cm
Hence, 𝑋𝑌 = 1.5 cm

T IO S
Page No 7.73:

I
NO A D
Question 4: In a right angled triangle with sides a and b and

CO N
A
hypotenuse c, the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse is x. Prove
that ab = cx.

PY
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR

Let ∆ABC be a right angle triangle having sides a and b; and

hypotenuse c. BD is the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse AC.
C
©

We have to find to prove 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐𝑥.

Since the altitude is perpendicular on the hypotenuse, both the triangles
are similar
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
=
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐶
 𝑎 𝑐
=
𝑥 𝑏

𝑥𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏
Hence, 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐𝑥.

Page No 7.74:
Question 5: In the given figure, ∠ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC. If BD = 8
cm and AD = 4 cm, find CD.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
It is given that ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 90° and BD ⊥ AC.
When BD = 8 cm and AD = 4 cm we have to find the CD.
Since ABC is right angle triangle and is perpendicular on AC, so
∆𝐷𝐵𝐴 ~∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 (AA similarity)
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
=
𝐶𝐷 𝐵𝐷

⇒ 𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷 × 𝐷𝐶
⇒ (8 cm)2 = 4cm × 𝐷𝐶
64cm
⇒ 𝐷𝐶 = = 16 cm
4cm
Hence, CD = 16 cm

Page No 7.74:
Question 6: In the given figure, ∠ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC. If AB = 5.7
cm, BD = 3.8 cm and CD = 5.4 cm, find BC.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
It is given that BD ⊥ AC, AB = 5.7 cm, BD = 3.8 cm and CD = 5.4
C

cm and ∠ABC = 90°

©

We have to find BC.

Since ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ~∆𝐵𝐷𝐶
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
⇒ =
𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐷

So
5.7 cm BC
⇒ =
3.8 cm 5.4 cm
5.7cm×5.4 cm
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 =
3.8 cm

⇒ 8.1 cm
Hence, BC = 8.1 cm
 Page No 7.74:
1
Question 7: In the given figure, DE || BC such that AE = ( ) AC. If AB
4
= 6 cm, find AD.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
1
ED PR

It is given that DE || BC, AE = AC and AB = 6 cm.

4

We have to find AD.

C

Since ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ~∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

©

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
⇒ =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶

So
𝐴𝐷 1 cm
⇒ =
6 cm 4 cm

⇒ 4 cm × 𝐴𝐷 = 6
6 cm
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 =
4 cm
3 cm
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 =
2 cm

Hence, AD = 1.5 cm
 Page No 7.74:
Question 8: In Fig. 7.142, if AB ⊥ BC, DC ⊥ BC and DE ⊥ AC, prove
that ∆CED ~ ∆ABC.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
Given: AB⊥BC, DC⊥BC and DE⊥AC
T
ED PR

To prove: ΔCED~ΔABC
Proof:
C

Consider the figure.

©

In ΔDEC,
∠DEC = 90∘
Also, ∠DEC + ∠ECD + ∠CDE = 180∘ (Angle sum property of triangle)
⇒ 90∘ + ∠ECD + ∠CDE = 180∘
⇒∠ECD + ∠CDE = 90∘ ...(i)
Also given that DC ⊥ BC
⇒ ∠DCB = 90∘
⇒ ∠ECD + ∠ECB = 90∘ ...(ii)
Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
∠ECD + ∠ECB = ∠ECD + ∠CDE
⇒ ∠ECB = ∠CDE ...(iii)
Also because AB ⊥ BC and DC ⊥ BC,
⇒ AB∥DC and AC acts as a transversal.
⇒ ∠BAC = ∠ECD (Alternate angles) ...(iv)
Again, ∠ABC = ∠CED (Both 90∘) ...(v)
∠ABC = ∠CED (Both 90∘) ...(v)

T IO S
From (iii), (iv) and (v) we have

I
△ABC ~ △CED (AAA similarity criteria)
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.74:

PY
DO U A
Question 9: Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC
T
intersect each other at the point O. Using similarity criterion for two
ED PR

𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
triangles, show that = .
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐷
C

ANSWER:
©

It is given that trapezium ABCD with AB || DC. O is the point of

intersection of AC and BD.

𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
We have to prove that =
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐷
Now, in ∆AOB and ∆COD
∠AOB = ∠COD (Vertically opposite angles)
∠OAB = ∠OCD (Alternate angles)
∴△AOB ~ △COD (AA Similarity)
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
Hence, = (Corresponding sides are proportional)
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐷

T IO S
Page No 7.74:

I
Question 10: If ∆ABC and ∆AMP are two right triangles, right angled at
NO A D
CO N
B and M respectively such that ∠MAP = ∠BAC. Prove that
A

PY
(i) ∆ABC ∼ ∆AMP
DO U A
T
𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
=
ED PR

(ii)
𝑃𝐴 𝑀𝑃

ANSWER:
C
©

(1) It is given that ∆ABC and ∆AMP are two right angle triangles.
Now, in ∆ABC and ∆AMP, we have
∠MAP = ∠BAC (Given)
∠MAP = ∠B = 90°
∆ABC ∼ ∆AMP (AA Similarity)
(2) ∆ABC ∼ ∆AMP
𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
So, = (Corresponding sides are proportional)
𝑃𝐴 𝑀𝑃

Page No 7.74:

T IO S
Question 11: A vertical stick 10 cm long casts a shadow 8 cm long. At

I
the same time a tower casts a shadow 30 m long. Determine the height of
NO A D
the tower.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

We have to find the height of PQ.

Now,

∆ABC ~ ∆PQR (AA Similarity)

𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
=
𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝑅
10 cm 𝑃𝑄
=
8 cm 30 cm
30 cm×10 cm
𝑃𝑄 =
8 cm
3000 cm×10 cm
𝑃𝑄 =
8 cm
3000𝑐𝑚
PQ =
8𝑐𝑚
3000cm
𝑃𝑄 =
8cm

T IO S
3750
=

I
100

NO A D
CO N
= 37.5 cm
A
Hence PQ = 37.5 cm

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 7.75:
ED PR

Question 12: In the given figure, ∠A = ∠CED, prove that ∆CAB ∼

∆CED. Also, find the value of x.
C
©

ANSWER:
Comparing ΔCAB and ΔCED,
∠CAB = ∠CED [Given]
∠ACB = ∠ECD [Common]
∴ ΔCAB ∼ ΔCED
𝐶𝐴 𝐴𝐵
⇒ =
𝐶𝐸 𝐸𝐷

[In similar triangles, corresponding sides are in the same proportion]

15 cm 9 cm
⇒ =
10 cm 𝑥

T IO S
9×10
⇒𝑥= cm = 6 cm

I
5
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.75:

PY
DO U A
Question 13: The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and 15
T
ED PR

cm respectively. If one side of first triangle is 9 cm, what is the

corresponding side of the other triangle?
C

ANSWER:
©

It is given that perimeter of two similar triangles are 25 cm and 15 cm and

one side 9 cm.
We have to find the other side.

Let the corresponding side of the other triangle be x cm.

Since ratio of perimeter = ratio of corresponding side

25 cm 9 cm
=
15 cm 𝑥

25 cm × 𝑥 = 9cm ×15cm
135 cm
𝑥=
25 cm
 𝑥 = 5.4 cm
Hence 𝑥 = 5.4 cm

Page No 7.75:
Question 14: In ∆ABC and ∆DEF, it is being given that: AB = 5 cm, BC
= 4 cm and CA = 4.2 cm; DE = 10 cm, EF = 8 cm and FD = 8.4 cm. If AL
⊥ BC and DM ⊥ EF, find AL: DM.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
It is given that AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm and CA = 4.2 cm; DE = 10 cm, EF

CO N
= 8 cm and FD = 8.4 cm
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

We have to find AL: DM

Since both triangle are similar
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 1
So, = = =
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐷𝐹 2

Here, we use the result that in similar triangle the ratio of corresponding
altitude is same as the ratio of the corresponding sides.
∴ AL: DM = 1: 2
 Page No 7.75:
Question 15: D and E are the points on the sides AB and AC respectively
of a ∆ABC such that: AD = 8 cm, DB = 12 cm, AE = 6 cm and CE = 9
5
cm, Prove that BC = DE.
2

ANSWER:
It is given that AD = 8 cm, DB = 12 cm, AE = 6 cm and CE = 9 cm.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

5
We have to prove that BC = DE
2
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 2
C

Since clearly = =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 5
©

Also, ∠𝐴 is common in Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶andΔ𝐴𝐷𝐸

So Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶~Δ𝐴𝐷𝐸 (SAS Similarity)
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
⇒ =
𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐷
𝐵𝐶 1
⇒ = 𝐴𝐷
𝐷𝐸 (𝐴𝐵)

𝐵𝐶 1 𝐴𝐷 2
⇒ = 2 ( = )
𝐷𝐸 (5) 𝐴𝐵 5

𝐵𝐶 5
⇒ =
𝐷𝐸 2
5
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐸
2
 Page No 7.75:
Question 16: D is the mid-point of side BC of a ∆ABC. AD is bisected at
the point E and BE produced cuts AC at the point X. Prove that BE = EX
= 3: 1
ANSWER:
Given: ABC is a triangle in which D is the midpoint of BC, E is the
midpoint of AD. BE produced meets AC at X.
To Prove: BE : EX = 3:1.

T IO S
Construction: We draw a line DY parallel to BX.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Proof:

In ΔBCX and ΔDCY,

∠CBX = ∠CDY (Corresponding angles)
∠CXB = ∠CYD (Corresponding angles)
△BCX ~ △DCY (AA similarity)
We know that corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional.
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝑋 𝐶𝑋
Thus, = =
𝐷𝐶 𝐷𝑌 𝐶𝑌
𝐵𝑋 𝐵𝐶
⇒ =
𝐷𝑌 𝐷𝐶
 𝐵𝑋 2 𝐷𝐶
⇒ = (As D is the midpoint of BC)
𝐷𝑌 𝐷𝐶
𝐵𝑋 2
⇒ = .... (1)
𝐷𝑌 1

In ΔAEX and ΔADY,

∠AEX = ∠ADY (Corresponding angles)
∠AXE = ∠AYD (Corresponding angles)
△AEX ~ △ADY (AA similarity)

T IO S
We know that corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional.

I
Thus, NO A D
𝐴𝐸
=
𝐸𝑋
=
𝐴𝑋

CO N
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝑌 𝐴𝑌
A
𝐸𝑋 𝐴𝐸
⇒ =

PY
𝐷𝑌 𝐴𝐷
DO U A

𝐸𝑋 𝐴𝐸
T
⇒ = (As D is the mid point of BC)
ED PR

𝐷𝑌 2 𝐴𝐸
𝐸𝑋 1
⇒ = .... (2)
𝐷𝑌 2
C

Dividing (1) by (2), we get

©

𝐵𝑋
=4
𝐸𝑋

⇒ BX = 4EX
⇒ BE + EX = 4EX
⇒ BE = 3EX
⇒ BE: EX = 3: 1
Page No 7.75:
Question 17: ABCD is a parallelogram and APQ is a straight line meeting
BC at P and DC produced at Q. Prove that the rectangle obtained by BP
and DQ is equal to the rectangle contained by AB and BC.
ANSWER:
Given:
ABCD is a parallelogram and APQ is a straight line meeting BC at P and
DC produced at Q.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
To Prove:

PY
The rectangle obtained by BP and DQ is equal to the rectangle contained
DO U A

by AB and BC. We need to prove that BP×DQ=AB×BC

T
ED PR

Proof:
In ∆ABP and ∆QCP, we have
C

∠ABP = ∠QCP
©

(Alternate angles as AB || DC)

∠BPA = ∠QPC ( Vertically opposite angles)
By AA similarity, we get
∆ABP ~ ∆QCP
We know that corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional.

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑃 𝐴𝑃
⇒ = =
𝑄𝐶 𝐶𝑃 𝑄𝑃

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑃
⇒ =
𝑄𝐶 𝐶𝑃

⇒ 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑄𝐶 × 𝐵𝑃
Adding AB×BP in both sides, we get
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐶𝑃 + 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝑃 = 𝑄𝐶 × 𝐵𝑃 + 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝑃
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 × (𝐶𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃) = (𝑄𝐶 + 𝐴𝐵) × 𝐵𝑃
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 × (𝐶𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃) = (𝑄𝐶 + 𝐶𝐷) × 𝐵𝑃
(𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷)
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝑄 × 𝐵𝑃
⇒ 𝐵𝑃 × 𝐷𝑄 = 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝐶

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 7.75:

CO N
A
Question 18: In ∆ABC, AL and CM are the perpendiculars from the

PY
vertices A and C to BC and AB respectively. If AL and CM intersect at
DO U A

O, prove that:
T
ED PR

(i) ∆OMA ∼ ∆OLC

(ii) OAOC=OMOLOAOC=OMOL
C
©

ANSWER:

(i). In ΔOMA and ΔOLC,

∠AOM = ∠COL [Vertically opposite angles]
∠OMA = ∠OLC [90° each]
⇒ΔOMA ~ ΔOLC [AA similarity]
(ii). Since ΔOMA ~ ΔOLC by AA similarity, then
𝑂𝑀 𝑂𝐴 𝑀𝐴
= =
𝑂𝐿 𝑂𝐶 𝐿𝐶

[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional]

𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝑀
⇒ = .
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐿

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 7.75:

CO N
A
Question 19: ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC. If P, Q, R, S

PY
be the mid-points of AB, AC, CD and BD respectively, show that PQRS
DO U A

is a rhombus.
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given:
C

ABCD is quadrilateral in which AD = BC and P, Q, R, S are the mid-

©

points of AB, AC, CD, BD respectively.

To Prove:
PQRS is a rhombus.
Proof:
In ∆ABC, P and Q are the midpoints of the sides AB and AC
respectively.
By the Midpoint theorem, we get
1
PQ || BC and PQ = BC ...(1)
2
In ∆ADC, Q and R are the midpoints of the sides AC and DC
respectively.
By the Midpoint theorem, we get
1 1

T IO S
QR || AD and QR = AD = BC (Since AD = BC) ...(2)
2 2

I
NO A D
Similarly, in ∆BCD, we have

CO N
A
1
RS || BC and RS = BC ...(3)
2

PY
In ∆BAD, we have
DO U A
1 1
T
PS || AD and PS = AD = BC (Since AD = BC) ...(4)
ED PR

2 2
From the equations (1), (2), (3), (4), we get
PQ = QR = RS = RS
C
©

Thus, PQRS is a rhombus.

Page No 7.75:
Question 20: In an isosceles ∆ABC, the base AB is produced both the
ways to P and Q such that AP ✕ BQ = AC2. Prove that ∆APC ∼ ∆BCQ.
ANSWER:
It is given that ∆ABC is isosceles and AP ✕ BQ = AC2.
 T IO S
We have to prove that ∆APC ~∆BCQ.

I
NO A D
It is given that ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle, so AC = BC.

CO N
A
Now,

PY
DO U A
AP ✕ BQ = AC2 (Given)
T
ED PR

𝐴𝑃 × 𝐵𝑄 = 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐶
⇒ =
C

𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝑄
©

𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝐶
⇒ =
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝑄
Also,

∠CAB=∠CBA (Equal sides have equal angles opposite to them)

⇒180° − ∠CAP = 180° − ∠CBQ
⇒∠CAP = ∠CBQ
Hence, ∆APC ~∆BCQ (SAS Similarity)
 Page No 7.75:
Question 21:
A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a
speed of 1.2 m/sec. If the lamp is 3.6 m above the ground, find the length
of her shadow after 4 seconds.
ANSWER:
It is given that, girl height= 90 cm, speed = 1.2 m/sec and height of lamp

T IO S
= 3.6m.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

We have to find the length of her shadow after

©

Let AB be the lamp post and CD be the girl.

Suppose DE is the length of her shadow.
Let DE = x
And
BD = 1.2 × 4
= 4.8 m
Now in ∆ABE and ∆CDE we have
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷 and ∠𝐸 = ∠𝐸
So by AA similarly criterion ∆ABE ~∆CDE

𝐵𝐸 𝐴𝐵
=
𝐷𝐸 𝐶𝐷
4.8+𝑥 3.6
= =4
𝑥 0.9

⇒ 3𝑥 = 4.8
⇒ 𝑥 = 1.6

T IO S
Hence the length of her shadow after 4 secs is 1.6 m.

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 7.75:
A
Question 22: A vertical stick of length 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long on

PY
DO U A
the ground and at the same time a tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Find
T
the height of the tower.
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

It is given that length of vertical stick = 6 cm

©

We have to find the height of the tower.

Suppose AB is the height of the tower and BC is its shadow.
Now, ∆ABC ~∆PCR (∠B=∠Q and ∠A=∠P)
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
=
𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝑅
𝐴𝐵 6
𝑚= 𝑚
28 4
28𝑚×6𝑚
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 =
4𝑚

⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 42𝑚

T IO S
Hence the height of the tower is 42 m.

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 7.75:
A
Question 23: In the given figure, ∆ABC is right angled at C and DE ⊥

PY
DO U A
AB. Prove that ∆ABC ∼ ∆ADE and hence find the length of AE and DE.
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
It is given that ACB is right angle triangle and ∠𝐶 = 90°
We have to prove that ∆ABC ~∆ADE and find the lengths of AE and DE.
In ∆ABC ∼ ∆ADE,

∠A = ∠A (Common)
∠C = ∠E (90°)

So by AA similarly criterion, we have

∆ABC ~∆ADE
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
⇒ = =
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐸
13𝑐𝑚 12𝑐𝑚 5𝑐𝑚
⇒ = =
3𝑐𝑚 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐸

T IO S
Since

I
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
NO A D
CO N
= 52 + 122
A

PY
= 132
DO U A
T 36
So 𝐷𝐸 = 𝑐𝑚
ED PR

13
15
And 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑐𝑚
13
C

36 15
©

Hence, 𝐷𝐸 = 𝑐𝑚 and 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑐𝑚
13 13

Page No 7.76:
Question 24: In the given figure, PA, QB and RC are each perpendicular
1 1 1
to AC. Prove that + = .
𝑥 𝑧 𝑦
 T IO S
ANSWER:

I
It is given that PA, QB and RC are each perpendicular to AC.
NO A D
CO N
1 1 1
We have to prove that + =
A
𝑥 𝑧 𝑦

PY
In ∆PAC we have BQ||AP
DO U A
T
𝐵𝑄 𝐶𝐵
⇒ =
ED PR

𝐴𝑃 𝐶𝐴

𝑦 𝐶𝐵
C

⇒ = ......(1)
𝑥 𝐶𝐴
©

Now in ∆ACR, we have BQ||CR

𝐵𝑄 𝐴𝐵
⇒ =
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐶

𝑦 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = ......(2)
𝑧 𝐴𝐶

Adding (1) and (2) we have

𝑦 𝑦 𝐶𝐵 𝐴𝐵
+ = +
𝑥 𝑧 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶
=
𝐴𝐶
𝑦 𝑦 𝐴𝐶
⇒ + = =1
𝑥 𝑧 𝐴𝐶
 1 1 1
⇒ + =
𝑥 𝑧 𝑦
1 1 1
Hence, + = .
𝑥 𝑧 𝑦

Page No 7.76:
Question 25: In the given figure, we have AB || CD || EF. If AB = 6 cm,
CD = x cm, EF = 10 cm, BD = 4 cm and DE = y cm, Calculate the values

T IO S
of x and y.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
It is given that AB || CD || EF.
AB = 6 cm, CD = x cm, and EF = 10 cm

We have to calculate the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦.

In ∆ADB and ∆DEF, we have
∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = ∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 (Vertically opposite angles)
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 (Alternate interior angles)
So ∆ADB ~ ∆DEF
𝐸𝐹 𝐷𝐸
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵
10𝑐𝑚 𝑦
=
6𝑐𝑚 4𝑐𝑚

T IO S
6 cm × 𝑦 = 40 cm

I
40 cm
NO A D𝑦=

CO N
6 cm
A
𝑦 = 6.67 cm

PY
DO U A
Similarly, in ∆ABE we have
T
ED PR

𝐷𝐶 𝐷𝐸
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐸
C

𝑥 𝑦
⇒ =
©

6 4+𝑦
6𝑦
⇒𝑥=
4+𝑦
6×6.67
⇒𝑥=
4+6.67

⇒ 𝑥 = 3.75
Hence, 𝑥 = 3.75cm and 𝑦 = 6.67 cm.
 Exercise 7.6
Page No 7.94:
Question 1: Triangles ABC and DEF are similar.

(i) If area (∆ABC) = 16 cm2, area (∆DEF) = 25 cm2 and BC = 2.3 cm,
find EF.
(ii) If area (∆ABC) = 9 cm2, area (∆DEF) = 64 cm2 and DE = 5.1 cm ,
find AB.

T IO S
(iii) If AC = 19 cm and DF = 8 cm, find the ratio of the area of two

I
triangles.
NO A D
(iv) If area (∆ABC) = 36 cm2, area (∆DEF) = 64 cm2 and DE = 6.2 cm,

CO N
A
find AB.
(v) If AB = 1.2 cm and DE = 1.4 cm, find the ratio of the areas of ∆ABC

PY
DO U A
and ∆DEF.
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles
C

To find:
©

(i) If area of ΔABC = 16cm2, area of ΔDEF = 25cm2 and BC = 2.3 cm,
Find EF.
(ii) If area of ΔABC = 9cm2, area of ΔDEF = 64cm2 and DE = 5.1 cm,
Find AB.
(iii) If AC = 19cm and DF = 8cm, find the ratio of the area of two triangles.
(iv) If area of ΔABC = 36cm2, area of ΔDEF = 64cm2 and DE = 6.2 cm,
Find AB.
(v) If AB = 1.2cm and DE = 1.4cm, find the ratio of the area of two
triangles.
(i) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(∆ABC) 𝐵𝐶 2
=( )
ar(∆DEF) 𝐸𝐹

16 2.3 2
=( )
25 𝐸𝐹
4 2.3
⇒ =
5 𝐸𝐹

EF = 2.875 cm

T IO S
ar(∆ABC) 𝐴𝐵 2
(ii) =( )

I
ar(∆DEF) 𝐷𝐸

NO A D
𝐴𝐵 2

CO N
9
=( )
A
64 𝐷𝐸

PY
3 𝐴𝐵
DO U A
⇒ =
8 5.1
T
ED PR

AB = 1.9125 cm
C

ar(∆ABC) 𝐴𝐶 2
©

(iii) =( )
ar(∆DEF) 𝐷𝐹

ar(∆ABC) 19 2
=( )
ar(∆DEF) 8
ar(∆ABC) 361
=( )
ar(∆DEF) 64

ar(∆ABC) 𝐴𝐵 2
(iv) =( )
ar(∆DEF) 𝐷𝐸

36 𝐴𝐵 2
=( )
64 𝐷𝐸
6 𝐴𝐵
⇒ =
8 6.2
AB = 4.65 cm

ar(∆ABC) 𝐴𝐵 2
(v) =( )
ar(∆DEF) 𝐷𝐸

ar(∆ABC) 1.2 2
=( )
ar(∆DEF) 1.4
ar(∆ABC) 36
=
ar(∆DEF) 49

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 7.95:

CO N
A
Question 2: In the given figure, ∆ACB ∼ ∆APQ. If BC = 10 cm, PQ = 5

PY
cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm, find CA and AQ. Also, find the area
DO U A
(∆ACB): area (∆APQ).
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
Given: ΔACB is similar to ΔAPQ.
BC = 10 cm, PQ = 5cm, BA = 6.5cm and AP = 2.8 cm
TO FIND:
(1) CA and AQ
(2) Area of ΔACB: Area of ΔAPQ
(1) It is given that ΔACB ~~ ΔAPQ.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
We know that for any two similar triangles the sides are proportional.
A
Hence

PY
DO U A

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
T
= =
ED PR

𝐴𝑄 𝑃𝑄 𝐴𝑃
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
=
𝐴𝑄 𝑃𝑄
C
©

6.5 10
=
𝐴𝑄 5

AQ = 3.25 cm
Similarly,
𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
=
𝑃𝑄 𝐴𝑃
𝐶𝐴 10
=
2.8 5

CA = 5.6 cm

(2) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(ΔACQ) BC 2 10 2 2 2 4
=( ) =( ) =( ) =
ar(ΔAPQ) PQ 5 1 1

Page No 7.95:
Question 3: The areas of two similar triangles are 81 cm2 and 49
cm2 respectively. Find the ratio of their corresponding heights. What is the
ratio of their corresponding medians?
ANSWER:

T IO S I
Given: The area of two similar triangles is 81cm2 and 49cm2 respectively.
NO A D
CO N
To find:
A
(1) Ratio of their corresponding heights.

PY
DO U A
(2) Ratio of their corresponding medians.
T
ED PR

(1) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding altitudes.
C

ar(triangle 1) altitude1 2
=( )
©

ar(triangle 2) altitude2

81 altitude1 2
=( )
49 altitude2

Taking square root on both sides, we get

9 altitude1
=
7 altitude2

altitude1: altitude2 = 9: 7

(2) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their medians.
ar(triangle 1) median1 2
=( )
ar(triangle 2) median2

81 median1 2
=( )
49 median2

Taking square root on both sides, we get

9 median1
=
7 median2

median1: median2 = 9: 7

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 7.95:

CO N
A
Question 4: The areas of two similar triangles are 169 cm2 and 121
cm2 respectively. If the longest side of the larger triangle is 26 cm, find

PY
DO U A
the longest side of the smaller triangle.
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: The area of two similar triangles is 169cm2 and
C

121cm2 respectively. The longest side of the larger triangle is 26cm.

©

To find: Longest side of the smaller triangle

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(larger triangle) side of the larger triangle 2
=( )
ar(smaller triangle) side of the smaller triangle

169 side of the larger triangle 2

=( )
121 side of the smaller triangle

Taking square root on both sides, we get

13 side of the larger triangle
=
11 side of the smaller triangle
13 26
=
11 side of the smaller triangle
 11×26
side of the smaller triangle = = 22 cm
13

Hence, the longest side of the smaller triangle is 22 cm.

Page No 7.95:
Question 5: The areas of two similar triangles are 25 cm2 and 36
cm2 respectively. If the altitude of the first triangle is 2.4 cm, find the
corresponding altitude of the other.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Given: The area of two similar triangles is 25cm2 and 36cm2 respectively.

CO N
A
If the altitude of first triangle is 2.4cm

PY
To find: The altitude of the other triangle
DO U A
T
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ED PR

ratio of squares of their corresponding altitudes.

ar(triangle 1) altitude1 2
C

=( )
ar(triangle 2) altitude2
©

25 2.4 2
=( )
36 altitude2

Taking square root on both sides, we get

5 2.4
=
6 altitude2
⇒ altitude2 = 2.88 cm
Hence, the corresponding altitude of the other is 2.88 cm.
 Page No 7.95:
Question 6: The corresponding altitudes of two similar triangles are 6 cm
and 9 cm respectively. Find the ratio of their areas.
ANSWER:
Given: The corresponding altitudes of two similar triangles are 6 cm and
9 cm respectively.
To find: Ratio of areas of triangle.

T IO S
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the

I
ratio of squares of their corresponding altitudes.
NO A D
CO N
ar(triangle 1) altitude1 2
A
=( )
ar(triangle 2) altitude2

PY
DO U A
ar(triangle 1) 6 2
=( )
T
ar(triangle 2) 9
ED PR

ar(triangle 1) 4
=
ar(triangle 2) 9
C

ar(triangle 1): ar(triangle 2) = 4: 9

©

Hence, the ratio of areas of two triangles is 4: 9.

Page No 7.95:
Question 7: ABC is a triangle in which ∠A = 90°, AN ⊥ BC, BC = 12
cm and AC = 5 cm. Find the ratio of the area of ∆ANC and ∆ABC.
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, ∠A = 90°, AN ⊥ BC, BC = 12cm and AC = 5cm.
TO FIND: Ratio of the triangles ∆ANC and ∆ABC.

In ∆ANC and ∆ABC,

∠CAN = ∠ACB (Common)

∠A = ∠ANC (90º each)

∴ ∆ANC ~ ∆ABC (AA Similarity)

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Ar(ΔANC) AC 2
∴ =( )
Ar(ΔABC) BC

Ar(ΔANC) 5 cm 2
⇒ =( )
Ar(ΔABC) 12 cm
Ar(ΔANC) 25
⇒ =
Ar(ΔABC) 144

Page No 7.95:
Question 8: In the given figure, DE || BC
(i) If DE = 4 cm, BC = 6 cm and Area (∆ADE) = 16 cm2, find the area of
∆ABC.
(ii) If DE = 4 cm, BC = 8 cm and Area (∆ADE) = 25 cm2, find the area of
∆ABC.
(iii) If DE : BC = 3 : 5. Calculate the ratio of the areas of ∆ADE and the
trapezium BCED.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

In the given figure, we have DE || BC.

In ΔADE and ΔABC
C
©

∠ADE = ∠B (Corresponding angles

∠DAE = ∠BAC (Common)

So, ΔADE ~ ΔABC (AA Similarity)

(i) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Hence
Ar(ΔADE) 𝐷𝐸 2
=
Ar(ΔABC) 𝐵𝐶 2

16 42
=
Ar(ΔABC) 62
 62 ×16
Ar(ΔABC) =
42

Ar(ΔABC) = 36 cm²

(ii) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Hence,

T IO S
Ar(ΔADE) 𝐷𝐸 2
=
Ar(ΔABC) 𝐵𝐶 2

I
NO A D
25
=
42

CO N
Ar(ΔABC) 82
A
82 ×25

PY
Ar(ΔABC) =
DO U A
42
T
Ar(ΔABC) = 100 cm²
ED PR
C

(iii) We know that

©

Ar(ΔADE) 𝐷𝐸 2
=
Ar(ΔABC) 𝐵𝐶 2

Ar(ΔADE) 32
=
Ar(ΔABC) 52
Ar(ΔADE) 9
=
Ar(ΔABC) 25

Let Area of ΔADE = 9x sq. units and Area of ΔABC = 25x sq. units
Ar[trapBCED] = Ar(∆ABC) − Ar(∆ADE)
= 25𝑥 − 9𝑥
= 16𝑥 sq. units
Now,
Ar(ΔADE) 9𝑥
=
Ar[trapBCED] 16𝑥
Ar(ΔADE) 9
=
Ar[trapBCED] 16

Page No 7.95:
Question 9: In ∆ABC, D and E are the mid-points of AB and AC

T IO S
respectively. Find the ratio of the areas of ∆ADE and ∆ABC.

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
A
Given: In ΔABC, D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively.

PY
To find: Ratio of the areas of ΔADE and ΔABC.
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Since it is given that D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC,

respectively.
Therefore, DE || BC (Converse of mid-point theorem)

1
Also, DE = BC
2

In ΔADE and ΔABC

∠ADE = ∠B (Corresponding angles)
∠DAE = ∠BAC (Common)

So, ΔADE ~ ΔABC (AA Similarity)

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(ΔADE) 𝐴𝐷 2
=( )
ar(ΔABC) 𝐴𝐵

T IO S
ar(ΔADE) 1 2
=( )

I
ar(ΔABC) 2

NO A D
CO N
ar(ΔADE) 1
=( )
A
ar(ΔABC) 4

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 7.95:
ED PR

Question 10: The areas of two similar triangles are 100 cm2 and 49
cm2 respectively. If the altitude of the bigger triangle is 5 cm, find the
C

corresponding altitude of the other.

©

ANSWER:
Given: The area of two similar triangles is 100cm2 and
49cm2 respectively. If the altitude of bigger triangle is 5 cm
To find: their corresponding altitude of other triangle
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding altitudes.
ar(bigger triangle 1) altitude of bigger triangle 1 2
=( )
ar(triangle 2) altitude2

100 5 2
=( )
49 altitude2

Taking square root on both side

10 5
=
7 altitude2

altitude2 = 3.5 cm

Page No 7.96:
Question 11: The areas of two similar triangles are 121 cm2 and 64
cm2 respectively. If the median of the first triangle is 12.1 cm, find the
corresponding median of the other.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Given: The area of two similar triangles is 121cm2 and

CO N
A
64cm2 respectively. IF the median of the first triangle is 12.1cm

PY
To find: corresponding medians of the other triangle
DO U A
T
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ED PR

ratio of squares of their medians.

ar(triangle 1) median1 2
C

=( )
ar(triangle 2) median2
©

121 12.1 2
=( )
64 median2

Taking square root on both sides

11 12.1
=
8 median2

median2 = 8.8 cm

Page No 7.96:
Question 12: If ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF such that AB = 5 cm, area (∆ABC) = 20
cm2 and area (∆DEF) = 45 cm2, determine DE.
ANSWER:
Given: The area of two similar ΔABC = 20cm2, ΔDEF =
45cm2 respectively and AB = 5cm.
To find: measure of DE
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(ΔABC) 𝐴𝐵 2
=( )
ar(ΔDEF) 𝐷𝐸
2

T IO S
20 5
=( )
45 𝐷𝐸

I
NO A D
20
=
25

CO N
45 𝐷𝐸 2
A
25×45
DE² =

PY
20
DO U A
225
DE² =
T
4
ED PR

DE = 7.5 cm
C
©

Page No 7.96:
Question 13: In ∆ABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P and AC
at Q such that PQ || BC and PQ divides ∆ABC into two parts equal in area.
Find BPABBPAB.
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P, and AC at Q
such that PQ || BC and PQ divides ΔABC in two parts equal in area.
BP
To find:
AB

We have PQ || BC
And
 Ar(∆APQ) = Ar(quad BPQC)
Ar(∆APQ) + Ar(∆APQ) = Ar(quad BPQC) + Ar(∆APQ)
2 Ar(∆APQ) = Ar(∆ABC) … (1)
Now, PQ || BC and BA is a transversal.
In ΔAPQ and ΔABC,
∠APQ = ∠B (Corresponding angles)
∠PAQ = ∠BAC (Common)

T IO S
So, ΔAPQ ~ ΔABC (AA Similarity)

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Hence
Ar(∆APQ) 𝐴𝑃2
=
Ar(∆ABC) 𝐴𝐵 2

Ar(∆APQ) 𝐴𝑃2
=
2Ar(∆APQ) 𝐴𝐵 2

1 𝐴𝑃2
=
2 𝐴𝐵 2

1 𝐴𝑃2
√ =
2 𝐴𝐵 2

𝐴𝐵 = √2𝐴𝑃
 𝐴𝐵 = √2(𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝑃)
√2𝐵𝑃 = √2𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐵
√2𝐵𝑃 = (√2 − 1)𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝑃 (√2−1)
=
𝐴𝐵 √2

Page No 7.96:

T IO S
Question 14: The areas of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are in the

I
ratio 9: 16. If BC = 4.5 cm, find the length of QR.
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A

PY
Given: The areas of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are in the ratio
DO U A
9: 16. BC = 4.5cm.
T
ED PR

To find: length of QR
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
C

ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

©

ar(ΔABC) BC
=( )
ar(ΔPQR) QR

9 4.5 2
=( )
16 𝑄𝑅
3 4.5
=
4 𝑄𝑅
4×4.5
QR =
3

QR = 6 cm
 Page No 7.96:
Question 15: ABC is a triangle and PQ is a straight line meeting AB in P
and AC in Q. If AP = 1 cm, PB = 3 cm, AQ = 1.5 cm, QC = 4.5 m, prove
that the area of ∆APQ is one-sixteenth of the area of ∆ABC.
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P, and AC at Q.
AP = 1cm, PB = 3cm, AQ = 1.5cm and QC = 4.5cm.

T IO S
1
To find: Ar(ΔAPQ) = (ΔABC)
16

I
In ΔABC,
NO A D
CO N
A
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
=
𝑃𝐵 𝑄𝐶

PY
DO U A
1 1.5
=
3 4.5
T
ED PR

1 1
=
3 3
C

According to converse of basic proportionality theorem if a line divides

©

any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel
to the third side.
Hence, PQ || BC
In ΔAPQ and ΔABC,
∠APQ = ∠B (Corresponding angles)
∠PAQ = ∠BAC (Common)
So, ∆APQ~∆ABC (AA Similarity)
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

T IO S I
Hence
NO A D AP2

CO N
Ar(ΔAPQ)
=
A
Ar(ΔABC) 𝐴𝐵 2

PY
AP2
DO U A
= (𝐴𝑃+𝐵𝑃)2
T
ED PR

12
= (1+3)2
(given)
Ar(ΔAPQ) 1
C

=
Ar(ΔABC) 16
©

1
Ar(ΔAPQ) = (ΔABC)
16

Page No 7.96:
Question 16: If D is a point on the side AB of ∆ABC such that AD: DB
= 3.2 and E is a point on BC such that DE || AC. Find the ratio of areas of
∆ABC and ∆BDE.
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, D is a point on side AB such that AD: DB= 3: 2. E is a
point on side BC such that DE || AC.
ΔABC
To find:
ΔBDE
In ΔABC,
𝐴𝐷 3
=
𝐷𝐵 2

Since DE||AC,
𝐸𝐶 3
=
𝐸𝐵 2

According to converse of basic proportionality theorem if a line divides

any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel

T IO S
to the third side.

I
Hence DE || AC
NO A D
CO N
In ΔBDE and ΔABC,
A
∠BDE = ∠A (Corresponding angles)

PY
DO U A
∠DBE = ∠ABC (Common)
T
ED PR

So, ∆BDE ~ ∆ABC (AA Similarity)

C
©

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Let AD = 2x and BD = 3x.
Hence
Ar(ΔABC) AB2
=
Ar(ΔBDE) 𝐵𝐷2

(𝐵𝐷+𝐷𝐴)2
= (𝐵𝐷)2

(3𝑥+2𝑥)2
= (2𝑥)2

(5𝑥)2
= (2𝑥)2
Ar(ΔABC) 25

T IO S
=
Ar(ΔBDE) 4

I
1
NO A D
Ar(ΔAPQ) =
16
(ΔABC)

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 7.96:
T
Question 17: If ∆ABC and ∆BDE are equilateral triangles, where D is the
ED PR

midpoint of BC, find the ratio of areas of ∆ABC and ∆BDE.

C

ANSWER:
©

Given: In ΔABC and ΔBDE are equilateral triangles. D is the midpoint of

BC.
Ar(ΔABC)
To find:
Ar(ΔBDE)

In ΔABC and ΔBDE

∆ABC ~ ∆BDE (AAAcrietria of similarity, all angles of equilateral
triangle are equal)
Since D is the midpoint of BC, BD: DC = 1.
 T IO S I
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
NO A D
CO N
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
A
Let DC = x, and BD = x

PY
DO U A
Therefore, BC = BD + DC = 2x
T
ED PR

Hence
Ar(ΔABC) BC2
=
C

Ar(ΔBDE) 𝐵𝐷2
©

(𝐵𝐷+𝐷𝐶)2
= (𝐵𝐷)2

(1𝑥+1𝑥)2
= (1𝑥)2

(2𝑥)2
= (1𝑥)2
Ar(ΔABC) 4
=
Ar(ΔBDE) 1

Page No 7.96:
Question 18: Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their
areas are in the ratio 36: 25. Find the ratio of their corresponding heights.
ANSWER:
Given: Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their areas
are in the ratio of 36:25.
To find: Ratio of their corresponding heightsv

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A

.
T
ED PR

Suppose ∆ABC and ∆PQR are two isosceles triangles with ∠A=∠P.
C

Now, AB = AC and PQ = PR
©

𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
∴ =
𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑅

In ∆ABC and ∆PQR,

∠A = ∠P

𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
=
𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑅

∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR (SAS Similarity)

Let AD and PS be the altitudes of ∆ABC and ∆PQR, respectively.

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding altitudes.
ar(ΔABC) AD 2
∴ =( )
ar(ΔPQR) PS

36 AD 2
⇒ =( )
25 PS
AD 6
⇒ =
PS 5

T IO S
Hence, the ratio of their corresponding heights is 6: 5.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.96:

PY
Question 19: In the given figure, ∆ABC and ∆DBC are on the same
DO U A

Area(ΔABC) AO
T
base BC. If AD and BC intersect at O, prove that = .
ED PR

Area(ΔDBC) DO
C
©

ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC and ΔDBC are on the same base BC. AD and BC intersect
at O.
 Ar(ΔABC) AO
Prove that: =
Ar(ΔDBC) DO

Construction: Draw AL ⊥ BC and DM ⊥ BC.

Now, in ΔALO and ΔDMO, we have
∠ALO = ∠DMO = 90°
∠AOL = ∠DOM (vertically opposite angles)
Therefor ΔALO ~ ΔDMO

T IO S
𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑂
∴ = (Corresponding sides are proportional)

I
𝐷𝑀 𝐷𝑂

NO A D
CO N
1
×BC×AL
A
Ar(ΔABC) 2
= 1
Ar(ΔBCD) ×BC×DM

PY
2
DO U A
𝐴𝐿
=
T
𝐷𝑀
ED PR

𝐴𝑂
=
𝐷𝑂
C
©

Page No 7.96:
Question 20: ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD. The diagonals AC
and BD intersect at O. Prove that: (i) ∆AOB ∼ ∆COD (ii) If OA = 6 cm,
OC = 8 cm,
Find:
Area (ΔAOB)
(a)
Area (ΔCOD)
Area (ΔAOD)
(b)
Area (ΔCOD)

ANSWER:
Given: ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD.
The diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
To prove:
(i) ∆AOB ∼ ∆COD
(ii) If OA = 6 cm, OC = 8 cm
To find:
Ar (ΔAOB)
(a)
Ar (ΔCOD)
Ar (ΔAOD)
(b)
Ar (ΔCOD)

T IO S
Construction: Draw a line MN passing through O and parallel to AB and

I
CD
NO A D
CO N
A
(i) Now in ΔAOB and ΔCOD

PY
∠OAB = ∠OCD (Alternate angles)
DO U A

∠OBA = ∠ODC
T (Alternate angles)
ED PR

∠AOB = ∠COD (vertically opposite angle)

⇒ ΔAOB ~ ΔCOD (A.A.A crieteria)
C
©

(ii) (a)We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to
the ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Ar (ΔAOB) 𝑂𝐴 2
=( )
Ar (ΔCOD) 𝑂𝐶

6 2
=( )
8
Ar (ΔAOB) 9
=
Ar (ΔCOD) 16

(b)We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Ar (ΔAOD) 𝑂𝐴 2
=( )
Ar (ΔCOD) 𝑂𝐶

6 𝑐𝑚 2
=( )
8 𝑐𝑚

T IO S
9
=
16

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.96:

PY
Question 21: In ∆ABC, P divides the side AB such that AP: PB = 1: 2. Q
DO U A

is a point in AC such that PQ || BC. Find the ratio of the areas of ∆APQ
T
ED PR

and trapezium BPQC.

ANSWER:
C

GIVEN: In ΔABC, P divides the side AB such that AP: PB = 1: 2, Q is a

©

point on AC such that PQ || BC.

TO FIND: The ratio of the areas of ΔAPQ and the trapezium BPQC.
In ΔAPQ and ΔABC
∠APQ = ∠B (Corresponding angles)
∠PAQ = ∠BAC (Common)

So, ΔAPQ ~ ΔABC (AA Similarity)

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

T IO S
Ar (ΔAPQ) 𝐴𝑃2

I
=
NO A D
Ar (ΔQBC) 𝐴𝐵 2

CO N
1𝑥 2
A
Ar (ΔAPQ)
=
Ar (ΔQBC) (1𝑥+2𝑥)2

PY
DO U A
Ar (ΔAPQ) 1
=
T
Ar (ΔQBC) 9
ED PR

Let Area of ΔAPQ = 1 sq. units and Area of ΔABC = 9x sq. units
Ar[trapBCED] = Ar(∆ABC) – Ar(∆APQ)
C
©

= 9𝑥 − 1𝑥
= 8𝑥 sq units
Now,

ar(ΔAPQ) 𝑥 sq units 1
= =
ar(trapBCED) 8𝑥 sq units 8

Page No 7.96:
Question 22: AD is an altitude of an equilateral triangle ABC. On AD as
base, another equilateral triangle ADE is constructed.
Prove that Area (∆ADE): Area (∆ABC) = 3 : 4.
ANSWER:

T IO S I
We have an equilateral triangle in which AD is altitude. An
NO A D
equilateral triangle is drawn using AD as base. We have to prove

CO N
A
Ar (ΔADE) 3
that, =
Ar (ΔABC) 4

PY
DO U A
Since the two triangles are equilateral, the two triangles will be similar
T
also.
ED PR

∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
C

We know that according to the theorem, the ratio of areas of two similar
©

triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of any two corresponding

sides.
Ar (ΔADE) 𝐴𝐷 2
=( ) …… (1)
Ar (ΔABC) 𝐴𝐵

Now is an equilateral triangle. So,

∠𝐵 = 60° .
Therefore,
𝐴𝐷
sin ∠𝐵 =
𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐷 √3
So, =
𝐴𝐵 2

We will now use this in equation (1). So,

Ar (ΔADE) 𝐴𝐷 2
=( )
Ar (ΔABC) 𝐴𝐵
2
√3
= ( )
2
3
=
4

Hence, proved.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 7.7
Page No 7.119:
Question 1: If the sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm long,
determine whether the triangle is a right-angled triangle.
ANSWER:
We have,
𝑎 = 3 cm

T IO S
𝑏 = 4 cm

I
NO A D
𝑐 = 6 cm

CO N
A
In order to prove that the triangle is a right angled triangle we have to

PY
prove that square of the larger side is equal to the sum of the squares of
DO U A

the other two sides.

T
ED PR

Here, the larger side is 𝑐 = 6 cm.

Hence, we have to prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .
C
©

Let solve the left hand side of the above equation.

𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 = 32 + 42
= 9 + 16
= 25
Now we will solve the right hand side of the equation,
𝑐 2 = 62
= 36
Here we can observe that left hand side is not equal to the right hand side.
Therefore, the given triangle is not a right angled triangle.
 Page No 7.119:
Question 2: The sides of certain triangles are given below. Determine
which of them are right triangles.
(i) a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 25 cm
(ii) a = 9 cm, b = 16 cm and c = 18 cm
(iii) a = 1.6 cm, b = 3.8 cm and c = 4 cm
(iv) a = 8 cm, b = 10 cm and c = 6 cm
ANSWER:

T IO S
(i) Let

I
NO A D
𝑎 = 7 cm

CO N
A
𝑏 = 24 cm

PY
DO U A
𝑐 = 25 cm
T
ED PR

In order to prove that the given sides of a certain triangle form a right
angled triangle we have to prove that square of the larger side is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
C
©

Here, the larger side is 𝑐 = 25 cm.

Hence, we have to prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .
Let solve the left hand side of the above equation.
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 72 + 242
= 49 + 576
= 625
Now we will solve the right hand side of the equation,
𝑐 2 = 252
= 625
Here we can observe that left hand side is equal to the right hand side that
is 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .
Therefore, the given sides of a certain triangle form a right angled triangle.

(ii) Let
𝑎 = 9 cm
𝑏 = 16 cm

T IO S
𝑐 = 18 cm

I
NO A D
In order to prove that the given sides of a certain triangle form a right

CO N
A
angled triangle we have to prove that square of the larger side is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

PY
DO U A

Here, the larger side is 𝑐 = 18 cm.

T
ED PR

Hence, we have to prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .

Let solve the left hand side of the above equation.
C
©

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 92 + 162
= 81 + 256
= 337
Now we will solve the right hand side of the equation,
𝑐 2 = 182
= 324
Here we can observe that left hand side is not equal to the right hand side.
Therefore, the given sides of a certain triangle do not form a right angled
triangle.
(iii) Let
𝑎 = 1.6 cm
𝑏 = 3.8 cm
𝑐 = 4 cm
In order to prove that the given sides of a certain triangle form a right
angled triangle we have to prove that square of the larger side is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Here, the larger side is 𝑐 = 4 cm.

T IO S
Hence, we have to prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .

I
NO A D
Let solve the left hand side of the above equation.

CO N
A
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = (1.6)2 + (3.8)2

PY
= 2.56 + 14.44
DO U A
T
= 17
ED PR

Now we will solve the right hand side of the equation,

C

𝑐 2 = 42
©

= 16
Here we can observe that left hand side is not equal to the right hand side.
Therefore, the given sides of a certain triangle do not form a right angled
triangle.
(iv) Let
𝑎 = 8 cm
𝑏 = 10 cm
𝑐 = 6 cm
In order to prove that the given sides of a certain triangle form a right
angled triangle we have to prove that square of the larger side is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Here, the larger side is 𝑏 = 10 cm.
Hence, we have to prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .
Let solve the left hand side of the above equation.
𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 = (8)2 + (6)2

T IO S
= 64 + 36

I
NO A D
= 100

CO N
A
Now we will solve the right hand side of the equation,

PY
𝑏 2 = 102
DO U A
T
= 100
ED PR

Here we can observe that left hand side is equal to the right hand side that
is 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 .
C
©

Therefore, the given sides of a certain triangle form a right angled triangle.

Page No 7.119:
Question 3: A man goes 15 meters due west and then 8 meters due north.
How far is he from the starting point?
ANSWER:
Let us draw the diagram. Let A be the starting point. From point B he goes
to the north.
Therefore, we obtained the following drawing.
Now we have to find how far is he from the starting point that is we have
to find 𝑙 (𝐴𝐶 ).

T IO S I
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem to find the length of AC.
NO A D
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 ……… (1)

CO N
A
Let us substituting the values of AB and BC in equation (1) we get,

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐶 2 = 152 + 82
T
ED PR

= 225 + 64
= 289
C
©

Let us take the square root we get,

𝐴𝐶 = ±√289
𝐴𝐶 = ±17
Since AC is the distance therefore it should be positive.
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 17 m
Therefore, he is 17 m from the starting point.

Page No 7.119:
Question 4: A ladder 17 m long reaches a window of a building 15 m
above the ground. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from the
building.
ANSWER:
Let us draw the diagram from the given information we get a right angled
triangle ABC as shown below,
Let the window be at the point A. We know that angle formed between
the building and ground is always 90°.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Given: AB = 15 m and CA = 17 m
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem to find 𝑙 (𝐵𝐶 ).
C
©

∴ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Let us substitute the values we get,
∴ 172 = 152 + 𝐵𝐶 2
∴ 289 = 225 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Subtracting 225 from both the sides of the equation we get,
∴ 289 − 225 = 𝐵𝐶 2
∴ 64 = 𝐵𝐶 2
Let us take the square root we get,
𝐵𝐶 = √64
∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 8
Therefore, the distance of the foot of the ladder from the building is 8 m.

Page No 7.119:
Question 5: Two poles of heights 6 m and 11 m stand on a plane ground.
If the distance between their feet is 12 m, find the distance between their
tops.
ANSWER:

T IO S
Let us draw the diagram from the given information.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Let us draw a perpendicular from B on CD which meets CD at P.

It is clear that BP = 12 m because it is given that distance between feet of
the two poles is 12 m.
After drawing the perpendicular, we get a rectangle BACP such that AB
= PC and BP = AC.
Because of this construction we also obtained a right angled triangle BPD.
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem,
𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐵𝑃2 + 𝑃𝐷 2
Let us substitute the values of BP and PD we get,
𝐵𝐷2 = 122 + 52
∴ 𝐵𝐷2 = 144 + 25
𝐵𝐷2 = 169
Taking the square root we get, 𝐵𝐷 = 13
Therefore, distance between the top of the two poles is 13 m.

Page No 7.120:

T IO S
Question 6: In an isosceles triangle ABC, AB = AC = 25 cm, BC = 14
cm, Calculate the altitude from A on BC.

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
A
We know that altitude that is a perpendicular drawn on the unequal side

PY
of the isosceles triangle bisects that side.
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Therefore, BD = DC = 7 cm.
Let us use the Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle ADB we get,
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
Substituting the values, we get,
252 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 72
∴ 625 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 49
Subtracting 49 from both the sides we get,
625 − 49 = 𝐴𝐷2
∴ 𝐴𝐷2 = 576
Let us take the square root we get,
AD = 24 cm
Therefore, the altitude of the isosceles triangle is 24 cm.

T IO S I
Page No 7.120:
NO A D
CO N
Question 7: The foot of a ladder is 6 m away from a wall and its top
A
reaches a window 8 m above the ground. If the ladder is shifted in such a

PY
way that its foot is 8 m away from the wall, to what height does its tip
DO U A

reach?
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
The given information can be represented as follows.
C
©

Here, A is the position of the window and AC is the ladder.

Also, DE is the same ladder when it is shifted.
C and E are the original and final position of the foot of the ladder.
Now, applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ AC2 = (8 m)2 + (6 m)2 = (10 m)2
⇒ AC = 10 m
Now, again applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔEBD
DE2 = EB2 + BD2

T IO S I
⇒ (10 m)2 = (8 m)2 + BD2
NO A D
CO N
⇒ BD2 = 100 m2 − 64 m2 = 36 m2
A
⇒ BD = 6 m

PY
DO U A

Thus, the tip of the ladder is now at the height of 6 m above the ground.
T
ED PR

Page No 7.120:
C
©

Question 8: Two poles of height 9 m and 14 m stand on a plane ground.

If the distance between their feet is 12 m, find the distance between their
tops.
ANSWER:
Let us draw the diagram from the given information.
 T IO S I
NO A D
As we are given that distance between their feet is 12 m

CO N
A
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 12.

PY
Now we get a right angled triangle DCE.
DO U A
T
Let us applying the Pythagoras theorem we get,
ED PR

𝐷𝐸 2 = 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐸𝐶 2
C

Substituting the values, we get,

©

𝐷𝐸 2 = 122 + 52
𝐷𝐸 2 = 144 + 25
∴ 𝐷𝐸 2 = 169
Let us take the square root we get,
∴ 𝐷𝐸 = 13
Therefore, distance between their top is 13 m.

Page No 7.120:
Question 9: Using Pythagoras theorem determine the length of AD in
terms of b and c shown in the given figure.
 T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
In ∆ABC and ∆DBA,
A

PY
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷 (90º each)
DO U A
T
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐵 (Common)
ED PR

Therefore, by AA-criterion for similarity, we have ΔABC~ΔDBA.

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
C

∴ = =
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐴 𝐴𝐷
©

Now we will substitute the values of AC and AB

𝑐 𝐵𝐶 𝑏
∴ = =
𝐵𝐷 𝑐 𝐴𝐷

We are finding the value of AD therefore; we will use the following

ratios,
𝐵𝐶 𝑏
=
𝑐 𝐴𝐷
1
Now we will multiple both sides of the equation by .
𝑏
𝐵𝐶 1 𝑏 1
× = ×
𝑐 𝑏 𝐴𝐷 𝑏

We will simplify the above equation as below,

 𝑏𝑐
𝐴𝐷 = ..… (1)
𝐵𝐶

But we know that 𝐵𝐶 = √𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 substituting the value of BC in

equation (1) we get,
𝑏𝑐
𝐴𝐷 =
√𝑏2 +𝑐 2
𝑏𝑐
Therefore, the value of AD in terms of b and c is .
√𝑏2 +𝑐 2

T IO S
Page No 7.120:

I
NO A D
Question 10: A triangle has sides 5 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the length

CO N
A
to one decimal place, of the perpendicular from the opposite vertex to the

PY
side whose length is 13 cm.
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR
C
©

Since 𝐵𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶we obtained two right angled triangles, ΔABD and ΔBDC.
In ΔABC and ΔABD
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐴 (Common angle)
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷
So, by AA-criterion ΔABC~ΔADB.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
∴ = =
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐴 𝐴𝐷
 BC AC
∴ =
BD AB

Now we will multiply both sides of the equation by 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝐷.

𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐴𝐶 ..... (1)
Let us simplify the equation (1) as given below,
𝐵𝐶×𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝐷 =
𝐴𝐶

Now we will substitute the values of BC, AB and AC.

T IO S
12×5
𝐵𝐷 =

I
13
NO A D
CO N
60
∴ 𝐵𝐷 =
A
13

PY
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 4.6 cm
DO U A
T
Therefore, the length of the altitude is 4.6 cm.
ED PR

Page No 7.120:
C
©

Question 11: ABCD is a square. F is the mid-point of AB. BE is one third

of BC. If the area of ∆FBE = 108 cm2, find the length of AC.
ANSWER:
It is given that F is the midpoint of AB. Therefore, we have AF = FB.

1
It is also given that 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐵𝐶 .....(1)
3

Now look at the figure. Quadrilateral ABCD is a square and hence all
angles are of 90º.
In ∆FBE, ∠𝐵 = 90° and hence it is a right angle triangle.
1
We know that the area of the right angle triangle is × base × height
2

T IO S
1
Therefore, Ar (ΔFBE) = × BF × BE

I
2
NO A D
CO N
= 108 cm2
A
Now we will multiple both sides of the equation by 2 we get,

PY
DO U A

BF × BE = 216 ..... (2)

T
ED PR

1
But we know that and 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐵𝐶.
3
C

Let us substitute these values in equation (2) we get,

©

1 1
× 𝐴𝐵 × × 𝐵𝐶 = 216
2 3

Let us simplify the above equation as below,

𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝐶 = 6 × 216
But we know that ABCD is a square and hence AB = BC = CD = AD.
∴ 𝐴𝐵2 = 6 × 216 ..... (3)
We know that 216 is the cube of 6 therefore we can write the equation (3)
as below,
AB2 = 63 × 6
AB2 = 64

∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 62 = 36
Therefore, side of the square ABCD is 36 cm.
Now we are going to find the diagonal AC.
Diagonal of the square can be calculate by using the formula given below,
Diagonal = √2 Side

T IO S
𝐴𝐶 = √2 × 36 ..... (4)

I
NO A D
We know that √2 = 1.414

CO N
A
Let us substitute the value of √2in equation (3).

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐶 = 1.414 × 36
T
ED PR

= 50.904
Therefore, the length of AC is 50.904 cm.
C
©

Page No 7.120:
Question 12: In an isosceles triangle ABC, if AB = AC = 13 cm and the
altitude from A on BC is 5 cm, find BC.
ANSWER:
We have given an isosceles triangle and we know that the altitude drawn
on the unequal side of the isosceles triangle bisects that side.
Therefore, in ∆ADB and ∆ADC
∠B = ∠C (Equal sides have equal angles opposite to them)
AD = AD

∠ADB = ∠ADC (90° each)

T IO S
∆𝐴𝐷𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 (AAS congruence theorem)

I
NO A D
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐷𝐶

CO N
A
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle ADB.

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
T
ED PR

Let us substitute the values of AB and AD we get, 132 = 52 + 𝐵𝐷2

169 = 25 + 𝐵𝐷2
C

Subtracting 25 from both sides we get,

©

𝐵𝐷2 = 169 − 25
𝐵𝐷2 = 144
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 12
Since 𝐵𝐶 = 2𝐵𝐷
∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 2 × 12
= 24
Therefore, length of BC is 24 cm.
 Page No 7.120:
Question 13: In a ∆ABC, AB = BC = CA = 2a and AD ⊥ BC. Prove that

(i) AD = 𝑎√3
(ii) Area (ΔABC) = √3𝑎2
ANSWER:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

In ∆ADB and ∆ADC

C

∠B = ∠C
©

(60º each)
AD = AD
∠ADB = ∠ADC (90º each)
∆𝐴𝐷𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 (AAS congruence theorem)
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐷𝐶
∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 28𝐷
But 𝐵𝐶 = 2𝑎 therefore, we get,
2𝑎 = 2𝐵𝐷 ……… (1)
Now we will divide both sides of the equation (1) by 2, we get,
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑎
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle ADB.
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
Now we will substitute the values of AB and BD we get,
(2𝑎)2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝑎2
4𝑎2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝑎2
3𝑎2 = 𝐴𝐷2

T IO S
∴ 𝐴𝐷 = √3𝑎

I
Therefore, 𝐴𝐷 = √3𝑎.
NO A D
CO N
We have given an equilateral triangle and we know that the area of the
A
√3
× 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 2 .

PY
equilateral triangle is
DO U A
4
T
Here, side is 2a
ED PR

√3
∴ 𝐴(Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 ) = × (2𝑎)2
4
C

√3
× 4𝑎2
©

∴ 𝐴(Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 ) =
4

𝐴(Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 ) = √3𝑎2
Therefore, 𝐴(Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 ) = √3𝑎2 .

Page No 7.120:
Question 14: The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 24 cm and 10
cm. Find each side of the rhombus.
ANSWER:
We know that a quadrilateral is said to a rhombus if all sides of the
quadrilateral are equal. Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right
angles.
Quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus and diagonals AC and BD intersect at
point O.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
As we defined above, we get AB = BC = CD = AD, AO = OC, BO =
DO U A

OD and angle ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 90°.

T
ED PR

We are given that AC = 10 cm and BD = 24 cm.

Therefore, we get, AO = OC = 5 cm and BO = OD = 12 cm.
C
©

Now we will use Pythagoras theorem in the right angled triangle AOD as
below,
AD2 = AO2 + OD2 …......(1)
Now we will substitute the values of AO and OD in equation (1) we get,
AD2 = 52 + 122
AD2 = 25 + 144
AD2 = 169
Let us take the square root
AD = 13
Therefore, length of the side of the rhombus is 13 cm.
 Page No 7.120:
Question 15: Each side of a rhombus is 10 cm. If one its diagonals is 16
cm find the length of the other diagonal.
ANSWER:
We know that a quadrilateral is said to a rhombus if all sides of the
quadrilateral are equal. Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right
angles.

T IO S
Quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus and diagonals AC and BD intersect at
point O.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

As we defined above, we get AB = BC = CD = AD, AO = OC, BO =

OD and angle ∠AOD = ∠AOB = ∠BOC = ∠COD = 90°.
We are given that AB = 10 cm and AC = 16 cm. Now we will find length
of BD.
As we know the definition of rhombus we get AB = BC = CD = AD.
Therefore, we get, AB = BC = CD = AD = 10 cm
Also we know that diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at right angles
therefore, we get,
AO = OC,
BO = OD
and ∠AOD = ∠AOB = ∠BOC = ∠COD = 90°
Here, we know the length of AC therefore, we get, AO = OC = 8 cm.
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem in the right angled triangle AOD as
below,
AD2 = AO2 + OD2 …......(1)
Now we will substitute the values of AD and AO in equation (1) we get,
102 = 82 + OD2

T IO S
100 = 64 + OD2 …......(2)

I
NO A D
Now we will subtract 64 from both sides of the equation (2)

CO N
A
OD2 = 100 − 64

PY
DO U A
OD2 = 36
T
ED PR

Now we will take the square root.

OD = 6
C

We know that BD = 2OD

©

∴ BD = 2 × 6
∴ BD = 12
Therefore, length of the other diagonal is 12 cm.

Page No 7.120:
Question 16: Calculate the height of an equilateral triangle each of whose
sides measures 12 cm.
ANSWER:
We are asked to find the height of the equilateral triangle.
Let us draw the figure. Let us draw the altitude AD. We know that altitude
is also median of the equilateral triangle.

T IO S I
NO A D
Therefore, BD = DC = 6 cm.

CO N
A
In right angled triangle ADB, we will Pythagoras theorem, as shown

PY
below,
DO U A

AB2 = AD2 + BD2

T
ED PR

Now we will substitute the values.

122 = AD2 + 62
C
©

144 = AD2 + 36

AD2 = 144 − 36 = 108

Taking square root, we get
AD = 10.39 cm
Therefore, the height of the equilateral triangle is 10.39 cm.

Page No 7.120:
Question 17: In the given figure, ∠B < 90° and segment AD ⊥ BC, show
that
(i) 𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥

T IO S
(ii) 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑥

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
(i) Since AD perpendicular to BC we obtained two right angled triangles,
A
triangle ADB and triangle ADC.

PY
DO U A
We will use Pythagoras theorem in the right angled triangle ADC
T
ED PR

AC 2 = AD2 + DC 2 …......(1)
Let us substitute AD = h, AC = b and DC = (a − x) in equation (1) we get,
C

𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + (𝑎 − 𝑥 )2
©

𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2
𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 …......(2)
(ii) Let us use Pythagoras theorem in the right angled triangle ADB as
shown below,
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 …......(3)
Let us substitute AB = c, AD = h and BD = x in equation (3) we get,
𝑐 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2
Let us rewrite the equation (2) as below,
𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥 …......(4)
Now we will substitute ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑐 2 in equation (4) we get,
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥
Therefore, 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥.

Page No 7.120:
Question 18: In an equilateral ∆ABC, AD ⊥ BC prove that AD2 = 3BD2.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

We have to prove that AD2 = 3BD2.

In right angled ∆ABD, using Pythagoras theorem we get,
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 …..... (1)
We know that in an equilateral triangle every altitude is also median.
Therefore, AD bisects BC.
Therefore, we have
Since is an equilateral triangle, AB = BC = AC
Therefore, we can write equation (1) as
BC 2 = AD2 + BD2 …...... (2)
But BC = 2BD
Therefore, equation (2) becomes,
(2𝐵𝐷)2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2
Simplifying the equation, we get,
4𝐵𝐷2 − 𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷2
3𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷 2
Therefore, 𝐴𝐷2 = 3𝐵𝐷2 .

T IO S
Page No 7.121:

I
NO A D
Question 19: ∆ABD is a right triangle right-angled at A and AC ⊥ BD.

CO N
A
Show that

PY
DO U A

(i) AB2 = BC. BD

T
ED PR

(ii) AC2 = BC. DC

(iii) AD2 = BD. CD
AB2 BD
C

(iv) =
AC2 DC
©

ANSWER:
(i)

In ∆ABD and ∆ABC,

∠ACB = ∠A = 90°
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐵 (Common angle)
So, by A criterion ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷~∆𝐶𝐵𝐴
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
∴ = =
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
∴ =
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵

∴ 𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐵𝐷. 𝐵𝐶 ..... (1)

T IO S
(ii) In ∆ABD and ∆ACD,

I
NO A D
∠𝐶 = ∠𝐴 = 90°

CO N
A
∠𝐷 = ∠𝐷 (Common angle)

PY
DO U A
So, by AA criterion ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷~∆𝐶𝐴𝐷
T
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
ED PR

∴ = =
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
∴ =
C

𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝐷
©

∴ 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐷. 𝐶𝐷 ..... (2)

(iii) We have shown that ∆ABD is similar to ∆CBA and ∆ABD is similar
to ∆CBD therefore, by the property of transitivity ∆CBA is similar
to ∆CBD.
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
∴ = =
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
∴ =
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐷

∴ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝐶. 𝐶𝐷 ..... (3)

AB2 BD
(iv) Now to obtained = , we will divide equation (1) by equation
AC2 DC
(2) as shown below,
 AB2 BD.BC
∴ =
AC2 BC.CD

Canceling BC we get,
AB2 BD
=
AC2 CD
AB2 BD
Therefore, =
AC2 CD

T IO S
Page No 7.121:

I
Question 20: A guy wire attached to a vertical pole of height 18 m is 24
NO A D
CO N
m long has a stake attached to the other end. How far from the base of
A
pole should the stake be driven so that the wire will be taut?

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
We will draw the figure from the given information as below,
ED PR
C
©

Let AB be the vertical pole of length 18 m and let the stake be at the point
C so the wire will be taut.
Therefore, we have AB = 18 m, AC = 24 m and we have to find BC.
Now we will use Pythagoras theorem,
AC 2 = AB2 + BC 2
Let us substitute the values we get,
242 = 182 + BC 2
576 = 324 + BC 2
Subtracting 324 from both sides of the equation we get,
BC 2 = 576 − 324
BC 2 = 252
We can rewrite the 252 as 36 × 7, therefore, our equation becomes,
BC 2 = 36 × 7

T IO S I
Now we will take the square root,
NO A D
CO N
𝐵𝐶 = 6 × √7
A

PY
Therefore, the stake should be 6√7 m far from the base of the pole so that
DO U A
the wire will be taut.
T
ED PR

Page No 7.121:
C

Question 21: Determine whether the triangle having sides (a − 1)

©

cm, 2√𝑎 cm and (a + 1) cm is a right angled triangle.

ANSWER:
Let
𝐴 = (𝑎 − 1)
𝐵 = √2𝑎
𝐶 = (𝑎 + 1)
Larger side is 𝐶 = (𝑎 + 1)
We know that any number plus 1 is always greater than that number minus
1 and product of 2 and its square root.
For example: If a = 36
𝑎 − 1 = 35
𝑎 + 1 = 37
√2𝑎 = 12
If a = 5
𝑎−1=4

T IO S
𝑎+1=6

I
√2𝑎 = 4, 47
NO A D
CO N
In order to prove that the given sides forms a right angled triangle we
A
have to prove that 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 = 𝐶 2 .

PY
DO U A
Let us solve the left hand side first.
T
ED PR

2
𝐴2 + 𝐵2 = (𝑎 − 1)2 + (√2𝑎)
= 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 1 + 4𝑎
C
©

= 𝑎2 + 2𝑎 + 1
Now we will simplify the right hand side as shown below,
𝑐 2 = (𝑎 + 1)2
= 𝑎2 + 2𝑎 + 1
We can see that left hand side is equal to right hand side.
Therefore, the given sides determined the right angled triangle.

Page No 7.121:
Question 22: In an acute-angled triangle, express a median in terms of its
sides.
ANSWER:
Let ΔABC be acute angled triangle where AD is its median with respect
side BC.

T IO S I
It is known that in any triangle, the sum of the squares of any two sides is
NO A D
CO N
equal to twice the square of half of the third side together with twice the
A
square of the median which bisects the third side.

PY
2
DO U A
1
∴ 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐷2 + 2 ( 𝐵𝐶)
T 2
ED PR

1
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐷 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
2
2𝐴𝐵 2 +2𝐴𝐶 2 −𝐵𝐶 2
C

𝐴𝐷2 =
©

This is the required expression.

Page No 7.121:
Question 23: In right-angled triangle ABC is which ∠C = 90°, if D is the
mid-point of BC, prove that AB2 = 4 AD2 − 3AC2.
ANSWER:
∆ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠C = 90°. D is the mid-point of BC.

We need to prove that AB2 = 4 AD2 − 3AC2.

Join AD.
 T IO S
Since D is the midpoint of the side BC, we get

I
NO A D
BD = DC

CO N
A
∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 2𝐷𝐶

PY
DO U A
Using Pythagoras theorem in triangles right angled triangle ABC
T
AB2 = AC 2 + BC 2
ED PR

AB2 = AC 2 + (2DC)2
C

AB2 = AC 2 + 4DC 2 ..... (1)

©

Again using Pythagoras theorem in the right angled triangle ADC

𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 ..... (2)
From (1) and (2), we get
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 4(𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 )
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 4𝐴𝐷 2 − 4𝐴𝐶 2
𝐴𝐵2 = 4𝐴𝐷2 − 3𝐴𝐶 2
Hence, 𝐴𝐵2 = 4𝐴𝐷 2 − 3𝐴𝐶 2 .
 Page No 7.121:
Question 24: In the given figure, D is the mid-point of side BC and AE
⊥ BC. If BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, ED = x, AD = p and AE = h, prove that:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

2 2 𝑎2
(i) 𝑏 = 𝑝 + 𝑎𝑥 +
4
C

𝑎2
(ii) 𝑐 2 = 𝑝2 − 𝑎𝑥 +
©

4
𝑎2
(iii) 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 2𝑝2 +
2

ANSWER:
(i) It is given that D is the midpoint of BC and 𝐵𝑐 = 𝑎.

𝑎
Therefore, 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐷𝐶 = …...... (1)
2

Using Pythagoras theorem in the right angled triangle AED,

𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐷 2 …...... (2)
Let us substitute 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑝, 𝐴𝐸 = ℎ and 𝐸𝑑 = 𝑥in equation (2), we get
𝑝2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2

Let us take another right angled triangle that is triangle AEC.

Using Pythagoras theorem,
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐶 2 …......(3)
𝑎
Let us substitute 𝐴𝐸 = ℎ and 𝐸𝐶 = 𝑥 + in equation (3) we get,
2
𝑎

T IO S
Here we know that 𝐷𝐶 = and 𝐸𝐷 = 𝑥.
2

I
EC = ED + DC
NO A D
CO N
𝑎 𝑎
A
Substituting 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑏, 𝐷𝐶 = and we get 𝐸𝐶 = (𝑥 + )
2 2

PY
DO U A
2 2 𝑎 2
𝑏 = ℎ + (𝑥 + )
T 2
ED PR

2 2 2 𝑎2
𝑏 = ℎ + 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑎 + …......(4)
4
C

From equation (1) we can substitute ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑝2 in equation (4),

©

𝑎2
𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑎 + …......(5)
4

(ii) Using Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle AEB,

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐵𝐸 2 …...... (6)
We know that AB = c and AE = h now we will find BE.
BD = BE + ED
Therefore, BD = BE – ED
𝑎
We know that 𝐵𝐷 = and Ed = x substituting these values in BE = BD
2
– ED we get,
𝑎
𝐵𝐸 = − 𝑥
2
 𝑎
Now we will substitute AB = c, AE = h and 𝐵𝐸 = − 𝑥 in equation (6)
2
we get,
𝑎 2
𝑐 2 = ℎ2 + ( − 𝑥)
2
𝑎2
𝑐 2 = ℎ2 + − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 …......(7)
4

Let us rewrite the equation (7) as below,

2 2 𝑎2
…......(8)

T IO S
𝑐 =ℎ + − 𝑎𝑥
4

I
From equation (1) we can substitute ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑝2 in equation (8),
NO A D
CO N
𝑎2
A
2 2
𝑐 =𝑝 + − 𝑎𝑥
4

PY
DO U A
2 2 𝑎2
𝑐 = 𝑝 − 𝑎𝑥 + …......(9)
T 4
ED PR

(iii) Now we will add equations (5) and (9) as shown below,
𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑝2 + 𝑥𝑎 + + 𝑝2 − 𝑎𝑥 +
C

4 4
©

𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑝2 + + 𝑝2 +
4 4
𝑎2
𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 2𝑝2 +
4

2 2 2 𝑎2
Therefore, 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2𝑝 + .
4

Page No 7.121:
Question 25: In ∆ABC, ∠A is obtuse, PB ⊥ AC and QC ⊥ AB. Prove
that:

(i) AB ✕ AQ = AC ✕ AP
(ii) BC2 = (AC ✕ CP + AB ✕ BQ)
ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC where ∠BAC is obtuse. PB ⊥AC and QC⊥AB.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
To prove: (i) AB × AQ = AC × AP and (ii) BC2 = AC × CP + AB × BQ

PY
DO U A

Proof: In ΔACQ and ΔABP,

T
ED PR

∠CAQ = ∠BAP (Vertically opposite angles)

∠Q = ∠P (= 90°)
C
©

∴ ΔACQ ∼ ΔABP [AA similarity test]

𝐶𝑄 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑄
⇒ = = [Corresponding sides are in the same proportion]
𝐵𝑃 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝑃
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑄
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝑃

⇒ 𝐴𝑄 × 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐴𝑃 (1)
In right ΔBCQ,

T IO S
⇒ BC2 = CQ2 + QB2

I
NO A D
CO N
⇒ BC2 = CQ2 + (QA + AB)2
A
⇒ BC2 = CQ2 + QA2 + AB2 + 2QA × AB

PY
DO U A
⇒ BC2 = AC2 + AB2 + QA × AB + QA × AB
T
ED PR

[In right ΔACQ, CQ2 + QA2 = AC2]

⇒ BC2 = AC2 + AB2 + QA × AB + AC × AP (Using (1))
C

⇒ BC2 = AC (AC + AP) + AB (AB + QA)

©

⇒ BC2 = AC × CP + AB × BQ

Page No 7.121:
Question 26: In a right ∆ABC right-angled at C, if D is the mid-point of
BC, prove that BC2 = 4(AD2 − AC2).
ANSWER:
It is given that ∆ABC is a right-angled at C and D is the mid-point of BC.
 T IO S I
NO A D
In the right angled triangle ADC, we will use Pythagoras theorem,

CO N
A
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 …......(1)

PY
DO U A

Since D is the midpoint of BC, we have

T
ED PR

𝐵𝐶
𝐷𝐶 =
2
C

𝐵𝐶
©

Substituting 𝐷𝐶 = in equation (1), we get

2

𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐷 = ( ) + 𝐴𝐶 2
2
2

2 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐷 = + 𝐴𝐶 2
4

4𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 + 4𝐴𝐶 2

𝐵𝐶 2 = 4𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐶 2

𝐵𝐶 2 = 4(𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 )
 Page No 7.121:
Question 27: In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠B = 90°, AD2 = AB2 + BC2 +
CD2, prove that ∠ACD = 90°.
ANSWER:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
In order to prove angle ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 90° it is enough to prove that 𝐴𝐷2 =
DO U A

𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2 .
T
ED PR

Given, 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2

𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐶𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 ..... (1)
C
©

Since ∠𝐵 = 90°, so applying Pythagoras theorem in the right angled

triangle ABC, we get
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 ..... (2)
From (1) and (2), we get
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐶𝐷 2
𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷 2
Therefore, angle ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 90°. (Converse of Pythagoras theorem)
 Page No 7.121:
Question 28: An Aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a
speed of 1000 km/hr. At the same time, another Aeroplane leaves the same
airport and flies due west at a speed of 1200 km/hr. How far apart will be
the two planes after 112 hours112 hours?
ANSWER:
Let us draw the figure first.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

An Aeroplane which flies due north at a speed of 1000 km/hr. covers the
1
©

distance AB after 1 hr. and another Aeroplane that flies due west at the
2
1
speed of 1200 km/hr. covers the distance BC after 1 hr.
2
distance
We know that speed =
time

∴ distance = speed × time

Let us calculate AB first as shown below,
𝐴𝐵 = 1000 × 1.5
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 1500 km
Similarly, we can calculate BC.
𝐵𝐶 = 1200 × 1.5
∴ 𝐵𝐶 = 1800 km
Now we have find AC. To find AC we will use Pythagoras theorem,
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
∴ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (1500)2 + (1800)2
∴ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2250000 + 3240000
∴ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 5490000

T IO S
Taking square root, we get,

I
𝐴𝐶 = 2343.07
NO A D
CO N
1
Therefore, after 1 hrs the aero planes will be approximately 2343 km far
A
2
apart.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 7.123:
Question 1: In each of the figures [(i)-(iv)] given below, a line segment
C

is drawn parallel to one side of the triangle and the lengths of certain line-
©

segment are marked. Find the value of x in each of the following :

(i)

(ii)
 (iv)
(iii)
©
ED PR
DO U A
C
NO A D A
T
T IO S I
CO N
PY
ANSWER:
In each of the figure, we have to find the value of x
(i)

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
1 𝑑
=

PY
1+𝑐 𝑑+𝑥
DO U A

By cross multiplication on both sides, we get

T
ED PR

1 × (𝑑 + 𝑥 ) = 𝑑 × (1 + 𝑐)
𝑑 + 𝑥 = 𝑑 + 𝑑𝑐
C
©

𝑥 = 𝑑 + 𝑑𝑐 − 𝑑
𝑥 = 𝑑 + 𝑑𝑐 − 𝑑
𝑥 = 𝑑𝑐
Hence the value of 𝑥 is +𝑑𝑐.
(ii)
 𝑎 𝑏

T IO S
=
𝑎+1 𝑏+𝑥

I
By cross multiplication on both sides, we get
NO A D
CO N
𝑎 × (𝑏 + 𝑥 ) = 𝑏 × (𝑎 + 1)
A

PY
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏
DO U A
T
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏
ED PR

𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑏
C
©

𝑏
𝑥=
𝑎
𝑏
Hence the value of 𝑥 is .
𝑎

(iii)
 𝑥 g
=
𝑥+g g+1

By cross multiplication on both sides, we get

𝑥 × (g + 1) = g × (𝑥 + g)
𝑥g + 𝑥 = g𝑥 + g 2
𝑥 = g𝑥 + g 2 − g𝑥
𝑥 = g𝑥 + g 2 − g𝑥

T IO S
𝑥 = g2

I
Hence the value of 𝑥 is g 2 .
NO A D
CO N
A
(iv)

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

1 𝑥
=
1+ℎ 𝑥+1

By cross multiplication on both sides, we get

1 × (𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 × (1 + ℎ)
𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + ℎ𝑥
𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 = ℎ𝑥
𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 = ℎ𝑥
1 = 𝑥ℎ
1
=𝑥
ℎ
1
Hence the value of 𝑥 is .
ℎ

Page No 7.123:
Question 2: What values of x will make DE || AB in the given figure?

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
C
©

If DE || AB, then
𝐶𝐸 𝐶𝐷
=
𝐶𝐵 𝐴𝐶
𝑥 𝑥+3
=
𝑥+3𝑥+4 4𝑥+22
𝑥 𝑥+3
=
4𝑥+4 4𝑥+22

𝑥 × (4𝑥 + 22) = 𝑥 + 3 × (4𝑥 + 4)

4𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 12
22𝑥 = 16𝑥 + 12
22𝑥 − 16𝑥 = 12
6𝑥 = 12
 12
𝑥=
6

𝑥=2
Hence, the value of 𝑥 is 2.

Page No 7.123:
Question 3: In ∆ABC, points P and Q are on CA and CB, respectively

T IO S
such that CA = 16 cm, CP = 10 cm, CB = 30 cm and CQ = 25 cm. Is PQ
|| AB?

I
ANSWER:NO A D
CO N
A
Given: AC = 16 cm, CP = 10 cm, CB = 30 cm and CQ = 25 cm, we get

PY
DO U A
𝐶𝑃 𝐶𝑄
We will check whether = or not to conclude whether PQ || AB.
T 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
ED PR

𝐶𝑃 10 cm 5
= =
𝐴𝐶 16 cm 8
𝐶𝑄 25 cm 5
C

= =
𝐶𝐵 30 cm 6
©

𝐶𝑃 𝐶𝑄
∴ ≠
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐵

Hence, PQ is not parallel to AB.

Page No 7.123:
Question 4: In the given figure, DE || BD. Determine AC and AE.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
Given, DE || CB.
T
In ∆ABC and ∆ADE
ED PR

∠ADE = ∠C (Corresponding angles)

C
©

∠A =∠A (Common)

∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 (AA Similarity)

𝐴𝐸 12 14
= =
4 15 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐸 12
=
4 15

𝐴𝐸 × 15 = 12 × 4
12×4
𝐴𝐸 =
15
124 ×4
𝐴𝐸 =
155
 16
𝐴𝐸 =
15
𝐴𝐸 12 14
= =
4 15 𝐴𝐶
12 14
=
15 𝐴𝐶

12 × 𝐴𝐶 = 14 × 15
14×15
𝐴𝐶 =
2

T IO S
7×2×5×3
𝐴𝐶 =
2×2×3

I
𝐴𝐶 = NO A D
35

CO N
2
A
35 16
Hence the value of AC and AE is and .

PY
2 5
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 7.124:
Question 5: In the given figure, given that ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQR and quad
C

ABCD ∼ quad PQRS. Determine the value of x, y, z in each case.

©

ANSWER:
(i) We have, ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQR
So the ratio of the sides of the triangles will be proportional to each other.
AB BC AC
= =
PQ QR PR

Therefore, put the values of the known terms in the above equation to get,
12 7 10
= =
9 𝑥 𝑦

On solving these simultaneous equations, we get

T IO S
21

I
𝑥=
4
NO A D
CO N
30
𝑦=
A
4

PY
(ii) We have, □ABCD ~ □PQRS
DO U A
T
So the ratio of the sides of the quadrilaterals will be proportional to each
ED PR

other.
AB BC CD DA
= = =
C

PQ QR RS SP
©

Therefore, put the values of the known terms in the above equation to get,
20 16 50 50
= = =
7 𝑥 𝑦 3𝑧

On solving these simultaneous equations, we get

28
𝑥=
5
35
𝑦=
2
35
𝑧=
6
 Page No 7.124:
Question 6: In ∆ABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC
respectively such that PQ || BC. If AP = 4 cm, PB = 6 cm and PQ = 3 cm,
determine BC.
ANSWER:
In triangle ABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively
such that PQ || BC.

T IO S
In ΔAPQ and ΔABC,

I
∠APQ = ∠B (Corresponding angles)
NO A D
∠PAQ = ∠BAC

CO N
(Common)
A
So, ΔAPQ~ΔABC

PY
(AA Similarity)
DO U A
T
ED PR

APAB = PQBC
Substituting value AP = 3 cm, AB = 10 cm and PQ = 3 cm, we get
C

4 3
=
©

10 𝐵𝐶

By cross multiplication we get

4 × 𝐵𝐶 = 3 × 10
3×10
𝐵𝐶 =
4
30
𝐵𝐶 =
4

𝐵𝐶 = 7.5 𝑐𝑚
Hence, the value of BC is 7.5 cm.
 Page No 7.124:
Question 7: In each of the following figures, you find who triangles.
Indicate whether the triangles are similar. Give reasons in support of your
answer.

(i)

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(ii)
C
©

(iii)
 T IO S
(iv)

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

(v)

ANSWER:
(i) In two triangles, we observe that
2.3 4 5 1

T IO S
= = =
4.6 8 10 2

I
In similar triangle corresponding sides are proportional to each other.
NO A D
CO N
Therefore, by SSS-criterion of similarity,
A

PY
yes, two triangles are similar
DO U A

(ii)
T
ED PR
C
©

PQ || BC (Corresponding angles formed are equal)

In ΔAPQ and ΔABC,

∠APQ = ∠B (Corresponding angles)
∠PAQ = ∠BAC (Common)
So, ΔAPQ~ΔABC (AA Similarity)
yes, two triangles are similar
(iii) In two triangles, we observe that

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

In ΔABC and ΔCDE

C

CDCE = CBCA
©

∠ACB = ∠DCE (Vertically opposite angles)

ΔABC ~ ΔCDE (SAS Similarity)

yes, two triangles are similar

(iv) In two triangles, we observe that

 T IO S
24 25 7

I
≠ ≠
12 13 5
NO A D
CO N
In two triangles corresponding sides are not proportional to each other.
A
No, two triangles are not similar.

PY
DO U A

(v) In two triangles, we observe that

T
ED PR
C
©

1 1
32 23
1 = 3
16 14

7 7
2 3
7 = 7
6 4

7 6 7 4
× = ×
2 7 3 7
63 4
=
2 3
4
3=
3

In two triangles corresponding sides are not proportional to each other.

No, two triangles are not similar.

Page No 7.125:

T IO S
Question 8: In ∆PQR, M and N are points on sides PQ and PR

I
NO A D
respectively such that PM = 15 cm and NR = 8 cm. If PQ = 25 cm and PR

CO N
= 20 cm state whether MN || QR.
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

Given PM = 15 cm, MQ = 10 cm, NR = 8 cm and PN = 12 cm.

T
ED PR

PM 15 cm 3
= =
PQ 25 cm 5
C

PN 12 cm 3
= = (PN = PR − NR = 20 − 8 = 12 cm)
©

PR 20 cm 5
PM PN
∴ =
PQ PR

So, by the converse of basic proportionality theorem MN || QR.

Page No 7.125:
Question 9: In ∆ABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC
respectively such that PQ || BC. If AP = 3 cm, PB = 5 cm and AC = 8 cm,
find AQ.
ANSWER:
In ∆ABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively such
that PQ || BC
Then we have
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶

AP = 3 cm, PB = 5 cm AC = 8 cm and AB = 8 cm
3 𝐴𝑄
=
8 8

T IO S
3 𝐴𝑄
=

I
8 8

3 = 𝐴𝑄 NO A D
CO N
A
Hence the value of AQ is 3 cm

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 7.125:
Question 10: In the given figure, ∆AMB ∼ ∆CMD; determine MD in
C

terms of x, y and z.
©

ANSWER:
We are given ∆AMB ∼ ∆CMD
We have to determine the value of MD in terms of x, y and z.
 T IO S
Given ∆AMB ∼ ∆CMD

I
𝐵𝑀NO A D 𝐴𝑀

CO N
⇒ =
A
𝑀𝐷 𝐶𝑀
𝑥 𝑦

PY
=
DO U A
𝑀𝐷 𝑧
T 𝑥𝑧
By cross multiplication we get 𝑀𝐷 =
ED PR

𝑦
𝑥𝑧
Hence, the value of MD is .
𝑦
C
©

Page No 7.125:
Question 11: In ∆ABC, the bisector of ∠A intersects BC in D. If AB =
18 cm, AC = 15 cm and BC = 22 cm, find BD.
ANSWER:
We have to find the value of BD.

T IO S I
Given AB = 18 cm, AC = 15 cm and BC = 22 cm.
NO A D
CO N
In ∆ABC, AD the bisector of ∠𝐴.
A
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷

PY
=
DO U A
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
T
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
=
ED PR

𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶−𝐵𝐷
18 𝐵𝐷
=
C

15 22−𝐵𝐷
©

On cross multiplication, we get

6(22 − 𝐵𝐷) = 5 × 𝐵𝐷
132 − 6𝐵𝐷 = 5𝐵𝐷
132 = 5𝐵𝐷 + 6𝐵𝐷
132 = 11𝐵𝐷
BD = 12 cm
Hence, the value of BD is 12 cm.
 Page No 7.125:
Question 12: In the given figure, l || m

(i) Name three pairs of similar triangles with proper correspondence;

write similarities.
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
(ii) Prove that = =
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅 𝑅𝑄

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
(i) Three pair of similar triangles are-
C
©

ΔABK~ΔPQK (AAA Similarity)

ΔCBK~ΔRQK (AAA Similarity)
ΔACK~ΔPRK (AAA Similarity)
(ii) Since the pair of similar triangles mentioned above can give us the
desired result. The ratios of the corresponding side of the similar triangle
are equal.
So,
ΔABK≈ΔPQK
Therefore,
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐾 𝐵𝐾
= = ……equation (1)
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝐾 𝑄𝐾
Similarly in ΔCBK ≈ ΔRQK,
𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝐾 𝐵𝐾
= = ……equation (2)
𝑅𝑄 𝑅𝐾 𝑄𝐾

Similarly ΔACK ≈ ΔPRK,

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐾 𝐶𝐾
= = ……equation (3)
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝐾 𝑅𝐾

From the above equations 1 and 2 we have,

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐾 𝐵𝐾 𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝐾
= = = =

T IO S
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝐾 𝑄𝐾 𝑅𝑄 𝑅𝐾

I
𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐵
⇒ = ……equation (4)
𝑃𝑄
NO A D 𝑅𝑄

CO N
A
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
⇒ =
𝐶𝐵 𝑅𝑄

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
⇒ +1= +1
𝐶𝐵
T 𝑅𝑄
ED PR

𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑅
⇒ =
𝐶𝐵 𝑅𝑄
C

𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐵
⇒ =
©

𝑃𝑅 𝑅𝑄

Combining it with equation (4)

𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐵 𝑄𝐵
= =
𝑃𝑅 𝑅𝑄 𝑃𝑄

hence proved
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
= =
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑄 𝑅𝑄

Page No 7.125:
Question 13: In the given figure,
AB || DC prove that

T IO S
(i) ∆DMU ∼ ∆BMV

I
(ii) DM × BV = BM ✕ DU
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A

PY
(i) Given AB || DC
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In triangle DMU and BMV, we have

∠MUD = ∠MVB
Each angle is equal to 90°
∠UMD = ∠VMB
Each are vertically opposite angles.
Therefore, by AA-criterion of similarity ∆𝐷𝑀𝑈~∆𝐵𝑀𝑉
(ii) Since ∆𝐷𝑀𝑈~∆𝐵𝑀𝑉
𝐷𝑀 𝑀𝑈 𝐷𝑈
= =
𝐵𝑀 𝑀𝑉 𝐵𝑉
𝐷𝑀 𝐷𝑈
=
𝐵𝑀 𝐵𝑉

By cross multiplication, we get 𝐷𝑀 × 𝐵𝑉 = 𝐷𝑈 × 𝐵𝑀

Hence proved that 𝐷𝑀 × 𝐵𝑉 = 𝐷𝑈 × 𝐵𝑀

Page No 7.126:

T IO S
Question 14: ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC. P and Q are points

I
on sides AD and BC such that PQ || AB. If PD = 18, BQ = 35 and QC =
NO A D
15, find AD.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
In trapezium ABCD, AB || DC. P and Q are points on sides AD and BC
T
such that PQ || AB.
ED PR

Join AC. Suppose AC intersects PQ in O.

C
©

In ΔACD, OP∣∣CD
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑂
∴ = ...... (1) (BPT)
𝑃𝐷 𝑂𝐶

In ΔABC, OQ∣∣AB
𝐵𝑄 𝐴𝑂
∴ = ...... (2) (BPT)
𝑄𝐶 𝑂𝐶
From (1) and (2), we get
𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑄
=
𝐷𝑃 𝑄𝐶
𝐴𝑃 35
=
18 15
35×18
𝐴𝑃 =
15
7×5×3×6
𝐴𝑃 =
5×3

T IO S
7×5×3×6
𝐴𝑃 =
5×3

I
AP = 42NO A D
CO N
A
AD = AP + PD

PY
DO U A
AD = 42 + 18
T
AD = 60
ED PR

Hence, the value of AD is 60.

C
©

Page No 7.126:
Question 15: In ∆ABC, D and E are points on sides AB and AC
respectively such that AD ✕ EC = AE ✕ DB. Prove that DE || BC.
ANSWER:
Given: In ∆ABC, D and E are points on sides AB and AC such that AD ✕
EC = AE ✕ DB
To Prove: DE || BC
Proof:

T IO S
Since AD ✕ EC = AE ✕ DB

I
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
⇒
NO A D =

CO N
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
A
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
⇒ +1= +1

PY
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
DO U A
𝐷𝐵+𝐴𝐷 𝐸𝐶+𝐴𝐸
⇒ =
T
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
ED PR

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
⇒ =
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
C
©

∴ DE || BC (Converse of basic proportionality theorem)

Page No 7.126:
Question 16: ABCD is a trapezium having AB || DC. Prove that O, the
point of intersection of diagonals, divides the two diagonals in the same
ar(ΔOCD) 1
ratio. Also prove that = , if AB = 3 CD.
ar(ΔOAB) 9

ANSWER:
We are given ABCD is a trapezium with AB||DC
Consider the triangles AOB and COD in which

T IO S
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷

I
NO A D
∠𝐴𝐵𝑂 = ∠𝑂𝐷𝐶 (alternative angle)

CO N
A
∠𝐵𝐴𝑂 = ∠𝐷𝐶𝑂 (alternative angle)

PY
DO U A
Therefore, ∆𝑂𝐷𝐶~∆𝑂𝐵𝐴
T
ED PR

𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = =
𝑂𝐶 𝐷𝑂 𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂
⇒ =
C

𝑂𝐶 𝐷𝑂
©

Hence we have proved that O, the point of intersection of diagonals,

divides the two diagonals in the same ratio.
ar(ΔOCD) 1
We are given AB = 3CD and we have to prove that =
ar(ΔOAB) 9

We already have proved that AOB and COD are similar triangles
So
ar(ΔOCD) CD2
=
ar(ΔOAB) AB2

ar(ΔOCD) CD2
= (3CD)2
ar(ΔOAB)
ar(ΔOCD) 1
=
ar(ΔOAB) 9
 ar(ΔOCD) 1
Hence, Prove that =
ar(ΔOAB) 9

Page No 7.126:
Question 17: Corresponding sides of two triangles are in the ratio 2 : 3.
If the area of the smaller triangle is 48 cm2, determine the area of the larger
triangle.
ANSWER:

T IO S
The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the

I
NO A D
square of any two corresponding sides.

CO N
A
Area of triangle (Corresponding side of smaller triangle)2
= (Corresponding side of larger triangle)2
Area of larger triangle

PY
DO U A
Area of triangle 22
=
T
Area of larger triangle 32
ED PR

48 4
=
Area of larger triangle 9
C

48×9
©

Area of larger triangle =

4

Area of larger triangle = 108

Hence the area of the larger triangle is 108 cm².

Page No 7.126:
Question 18: The area of two similar triangles are 36 cm2 and 100 cm2.
If the length of a side of the smaller triangle in 3 cm, find the length of the
corresponding side of the larger triangle.
ANSWER:
Since the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the
squares of any two corresponding sides.
Area of smaller triangle (Corresponding side of smaller triangle)2
= (Corresponding side of larger triangle)2
Area of larger triangle

36 32
= (Corresponding
100 side of larger triangle)2

9×100
(Corresponding side of larger triangle)2 =
36
100
(Corresponding side of larger triangle)2 =
4

T IO S
(Corresponding side of larger triangle)2 = 25

I
NO A D
⇒ Corresponding side of larger triangle = 5

CO N
A
Hence, the length of the corresponding side of the larger triangle is 5 cm.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 7.126:
ED PR

Question 19: Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio
1: 3. If the area of the smaller triangle in 40 cm2, find the area of the larger
C
©

triangle.
ANSWER:
Since the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the
squares of any two corresponding sides.
Area of smaller triangle (Corresponding side of smaller triangle)2
= (Corresponding side of larger triangle)2
Area of larger triangle

Area of smaller triangle 12

=
Area of larger triangle 32
40 1
=
Area of larger triangle 9
40×9
Area of larger triangle = = 360 cm2
1

Hence the area of the larger triangle is 360 cm2

 Page No 7.126:
Question 20: In the given figure, each of PA, QB, RC and SD is
perpendicular to l. If AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm, CD = 12 cm and PS = 36
cm, then determine PQ, QR and RS.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

Given AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm, CD = 12 cm, AD = 27 cm and PS = 36 cm,

PA, QB, RC and SD is perpendicular to l,
C
©

Therefore, by the corollary of basic proportionality theorem, we have

𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
=
𝐴𝐷 𝑃𝑆
𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝑅
=
𝐴𝐷 𝑃𝑆
 𝐶𝐷 𝑅𝑆
=
𝐴𝐷 𝑃𝑆
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
⇒ =
𝐴𝐷 𝑃𝑆
6 𝑃𝑄
=
27 36
6×36
= 𝑃𝑄
27

𝑃𝑄 = 8

T IO S
Now for QR

I
𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝑃
𝐴𝐷
=
NO A D
𝑃𝑆

CO N
A
9 𝑄𝑅
=
27 36

PY
DO U A
9×36
= 𝑄𝑅
T
27
ED PR

𝑄𝑅 = 12
Again for RS
C
©

𝐶𝐷 𝑅𝑆
=
𝐴𝐷 𝑃𝑆
12 𝑅𝑆
=
27 36
12×36
= 𝑅𝑆
27

RS = 16
Hence, the values of PQ, QR and RS are 8, 12, 16 respectively.

Page No 7.126:
Question 21: In each of the figures given below, an altitude is drawn to
the hypotenuse by a right-angled triangle. The length of different line-
segment is marked in each figure. Determine x, y, z in each case.

(i)

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
(ii)

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
(i) ∆ABC is right angled triangle right angled at B
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 = (4 + 5)2
𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 = 92
𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 = 81 …. (i)

∆BDA is right triangle right angled at D

T IO S
𝐵𝐷2 + 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2

I
𝑦 2 + 42 = 𝑥 2
NO A D
CO N
𝑦 2 + 16 = 𝑥 2
A
16 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 …. (ii)

PY
DO U A

∆BDC is right triangle right angled at D

T
ED PR

𝐵𝐷2 + 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2
𝑦 2 + 25 = 𝑧 2
C
©

25 = 𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 …. (iii)

By canceling equation (i) and (ii) by elimination method, we get

+𝑥 2 + 0 + 𝑧 2 = 81
+𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 0 = 16
− + − −
𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 65 ….. (iv)

y canceling and by elimination method we get

 𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 = 25
𝑧 2 + 𝑦 2 = 65
2𝑧 2 = 90
90
𝑧2 =
2

𝑧 2 = 45
𝑧 = √45
𝑧 = √3 × 3 × 5

T IO S
𝑧 = 3√5

I
NO A D
Now, substituting 𝑧 2 = 45 in equation (iv) we get

CO N
A
𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 65

PY
DO U A
𝑦 2 + 45 = 65
T
𝑦 2 = 65 − 45
ED PR

𝑦 2 = 20
C

𝑦 = √20
©

𝑦 = √2 × 2 × 5
𝑦 = 2√5
Now, substituting 𝑦 2 = 20 in equation (ii) we get
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 16
𝑥 2 − 20 = 16
𝑥 2 = 16 + 20
𝑥 2 = 36
𝑥 = √36
𝑥 = √6 × 6
𝑥=6
Hence the values of x, y, z is 6, 2√5, 3√5
(ii) ∆PQR is a right triangle, right angled at Q

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
6 + 𝑧 2 = (4 + 𝑥 )2

PY
DO U A

36 + 𝑧 2 = 16 + 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥
T
ED PR

𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 16 − 36
𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = −20 …… (i)
C
©

∆QSP is a right triangle right angled at S

𝑄𝑆 2 + 𝑃𝑆 2 = 𝑃𝑄 2
𝑦 2 + 42 = 62
𝑦 2 + 16 = 36
𝑦 2 = 36 − 16
𝑦 2 = 20
𝑦 = √20
𝑦 = √2 × 2 × 5
𝑦 = 2√5
∆QSR is a right triangle right angled at S
𝑄𝑆 2 + 𝑅𝑆 2 = 𝑄𝑅 2
𝑦2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑧2 …… (ii)
Now substituting 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑧 2 in equation (i) we get
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = −20
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 8 = −20

T IO S
𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 = −20 ……. (iii)

I
Now substituting 𝑦 2 = 20 in equation (iii) we get
NO A D
CO N
𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 = −20
A
20 − 8𝑥 = −20

PY
DO U A

−8𝑥 = −20 − 20
T
ED PR

−8𝑥 = −40
40
𝑥=
C

8
©

𝑥=5
Now substituting 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 2 = 20 in equation (ii) we get
𝑦2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑧2
20 + 52 = 𝑧 2
20 + 25 = 𝑧 2
45 = 𝑧 2
√3 × 3 × 5 = 𝑧 2
3√5 = 𝑧 2
Hence the value of x, y and z are 5, 2√5, 3√5
 Page No 7.127:
Question 22: Prove that in an equilateral triangle, three times the square
of a side is equal to four times the square of its altitudes.
ANSWER:
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle and let 𝐴𝐷 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
In ∆ADB and ∆ADC we have
ED PR

AB = AC
C

∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶
©

And ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶

⇒ ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC
So, BD = DC
1
⇒ BD = DC = BC
2

Since is a right triangle right-angled at D. So

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
1 2
2 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷 + ( 𝐵𝐶)
2

2 2 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷 +
4
 2 2 𝐴𝐵 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷 +
4
3
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2
4

3𝐴𝐵2 = 4𝐴𝐷2
Hence proved.

Page No 7.127:

T IO S
ar(ΔDEC)
Question 23: In ∆ABC, AD and BE are altitude. Prove that

I
=
ar(ΔABC)
DC2 NO A D
CO N
.
A
AC2

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Given: ΔABC in which AD and BE are altitudes on sides BC and AC

respectively.
Since ∠ADB = ∠AEB = 90°, there must be a circle passing through point
D and E having AB as diameter.
We also know that, angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.
Now, join DE.
So, ABDE is a cyclic quadrilateral with AB being the diameter of the
circle.
∠A + ∠BDE = 180°
[Opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary]
⇒ ∠A + (∠BDA + ∠ADE) = 180°
⇒ ∠BDA + ∠ADE = 180° − ∠A .... (1)
Again,
∠BDA + ∠ADC = 180° [Linear pair]
⇒ ∠BDA + ∠ADE + ∠EDC = 180°

T IO S I
⇒ ∠BDA + ∠ADE = 180° − ∠EDC .... (2)
NO A D
CO N
Equating (1) and (2), we get
A
180° − ∠A = 180° − ∠EDC

PY
DO U A

⇒ ∠A = ∠EDC
T
ED PR

Similarly, ∠B = ∠CED
Now, in ΔABC and ΔDEC, we have
C
©

∠A = ∠EDC
∠B = ∠CED
∠C = ∠C
∴ ΔABC ∼ ΔDEC
Area of ∆DEC 𝐷𝐶 2
⇒ =( )
Area of ∆ABC 𝐴𝐶

Page No 7.127:
Question 24: The diagonals of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O. Prove
ar(ΔACB) BO
that = .
ar(ΔACD) DO
ANSWER:
We are given the following quadrilateral with O as the intersection point
of diagonals

T IO S I
NO A D
To Prove:
ar(ΔACB)
=
BO

CO N
ar(ΔACD) DO
A
Given ACB and ACD are two triangles on the same base AC

PY
DO U A

Consider h as the distance between two parallel sides

T
ED PR

Now we see that the height of these two triangles ACB and ACD are same
and are equal to h
C

So
©

1
ar(ΔACB) 2
×𝐴𝐵×ℎ
= 1
ar(ΔACD) ×𝐶𝐷×ℎ
2
𝐴𝐵
= ….. (i)
𝐶𝐷

Now consider the triangles AOB and COD in which

∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷
∠𝐴𝐵𝑂 = ∠𝑂𝐷𝐶 (alternative angle)
∠𝐵𝐴𝑂 = ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴 (alternative angle)
Therefore, ∆𝑂𝐷𝐶~∆𝑂𝐵𝐴
 𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = =
𝑂𝐶 𝐷𝑂 𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝑂 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = …. (2)
𝐷𝑂 𝐶𝐷

From equation (1) and (2) we get

ar(ΔACB) BO
=
ar(ΔACD) DO
ar(ΔACB) BO
Hence prove that =
ar(ΔACD) DO

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 7.127:

CO N
A
Question 25: In ∆ABC, ray AD bisects ∠A and intersects BC in D. If BC

PY
= a, AC = b and AC = c, prove that
DO U A
𝑎𝑐
(i) 𝐵𝐷 =
T
𝑏+𝑐
ED PR

𝑎𝑏
(ii) 𝐷𝐶 =
𝑏+𝑐
C

ANSWER:
©

Given: In ∆ABC ray AD bisects angle A and intersects BC in D, If 𝐵𝐶 =

𝑎, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑏 and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑐
To Prove:
𝑎𝑐
(i) 𝐵𝐷 =
𝑏+𝑐
𝑎𝑏
(ii) 𝐷𝐶 =
𝑏+𝑐

(i) The corresponding figure is as follows

Proof: In triangle ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠𝐴

T IO S
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Therefore =

I
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐷

NO A D
CO N
Substitute 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑏 and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑐 we get,
A
𝑐 𝐵𝐷
=

PY
𝑏 𝐵𝐶−𝐵𝐷
DO U A

𝑐 𝐵𝐷
T
=
ED PR

𝑏 𝑎−𝐵𝐷

By cross multiplication we get.

C

𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝐵𝐷) = 𝑏 × 𝐵𝐷
©

𝑎𝑐 − 𝑐𝐵𝐷 = 𝑏𝐵𝐷
𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝐵𝐷 + 𝑐𝐵𝐷
𝑎𝑐 = (𝑏 + 𝑐)𝐵𝐷
𝑎𝑐
= 𝐵𝐷
𝑏+𝑐
𝑎𝑐
We proved that 𝐵𝐷 =
𝑏+𝑐

(ii) Since BC = CD + BD
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 − 𝐵𝐷
𝑎𝑐
𝐶𝐷 = 𝑎 −
𝑏+𝑐
 𝑎𝑏
=
𝑏+𝑐

Page No 7.127:
Question 26: There is a staircase as shown in the given figure, connecting
points A and B. Measurements of steps are marked in the figure. Find the
straight line distance between A and B.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
We are given the following figure with the related information
In the above figure complete the triangle ABC with right angled at C
So
AC = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 and
BC = 1 + 1.6 + 1.6 + 1.8 = 6
Using Pythagoras theorem for triangle ABC to find
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
= 82 + 62

T IO S I
= 100
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 10
A
Hence the distance between A and B is 10 cm.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 7.127:
Question 27: In ∆ABC, ∠A = 60°. Prove that BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − AB .
C

AC.
©

ANSWER:
In ΔABC in which ∠A is an acute angle with 60°.

𝐶𝐷 √3
sin 60° = =
𝐴𝐶 2
 √3
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝐶 … (1)
2
𝐴𝐷 1
cos 60° = =
𝐴𝐶 2
1
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐶 … (2)
2

Now apply Pythagoras theorem in triangle BCD

𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐶𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
= 𝐶𝐷2 + (𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐷)2

T IO S I
2 2
√3 1 1
=
NO A D
( 𝐴𝐶) + 𝐴𝐵2 + ( 𝐴𝐶) − 2𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶

CO N
2 2 2
A
= 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐵2 − 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶

PY
DO U A
Hence 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵. 𝐴𝐶
T
ED PR

Page No 7.127:
C

Question 28: In ∆ABC, ∠C is an obtuse angle. AD ⊥ BC and AB2 =

©

AC2 + 3 BC2. Prove that BC = CD.

ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC where ∠C is an obtuse angle, AD ⊥ BC and AB2 = AC2 +
3BC2

To prove: BC = CD
Proof:

In ΔABC, ∠C is obtuse.

Therefore,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 + 2BC × DC (Obtuse angle theorem) …(1)

AB2 = AC2 + 3BC2 (Given) …(2)

T IO S
From (1) and (2), we get

I
NO A D
CO N
AC2 + 3BC2 = AC2 + BC2 + 2BC × DC
A

PY
DO U A
⇒ 3BC2 = BC2 + 2BC × DC
T
ED PR

⇒ 2BC2 = 2BC × DC
C

⇒ BC = DC
©

Page No 7.127:
Question 29: A point D is on the side BC of an equilateral triangle ABC
1
such that DC = BC. Prove that AD2 = 13 CD2.
4

ANSWER:
1
We are given ABC is an equilateral triangle with 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶
4

We have to prove 𝐴𝐷2 = 13𝐷𝐶 2

Draw AE ⊥ BC
In ∆AEB and ∆AED we have AB = AC
∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐸𝐶 = 90°
𝐴𝐸 = 𝐴𝐸
So by right side criterion of similarity we have

T IO S I
NO A D
Thus we have

CO N
A
1 1
𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶

PY
4 2
DO U A

Since ∠𝐶 = 60°, therefore

T
ED PR

𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 − 2𝐷𝐶 × 𝐸𝐶
1 2 1 1
2 2
C

𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐶 + ( 𝐵𝐶) − 2 × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐶
4 4 2
©

1 1 1
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 − 2 × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐶
16 4 2
1
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
16

We know that AB = BC = AC
1
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
16
16 𝐵𝐶 2 +1𝐵𝐶 2 −4𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐷2 =
16
13
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐶 2
16
1
We know that 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
4
4𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
13
Substitute 4𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 in 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 we get
16
13
𝐴𝐷2 = × (4𝐷𝐶 )2
16
13
𝐴𝐷2 = × 16𝐷𝐶 2
16
13
𝐴𝐷2 = × 16 × 𝐷𝐶 2
16

T IO S
𝐴𝐷2 = 13𝐷𝐶 2

I
Hence we have proved that 𝐴𝐷2 = 13𝐷𝐶 2
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
Page No 7.127:
DO U A

Question 30: In ∆ABC, if BD ⊥ AC and BC2 = 2 AC.CD, then prove that

T
ED PR

AB = AC.
ANSWER:
C
©

Since ∆ADB is right triangle right angled at D

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
In right ∆BDC, we have
𝐶𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Since 2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶
2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐷2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 − 2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 + 𝐵𝐷2
𝐴𝐶 2 = (𝐴𝐶 − 𝐷𝐶 )2 + 𝐵𝐷2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2

T IO S
Now substitute 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2

I
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 7.127:
T
ED PR

Question 31: In a quadrilateral ABCD, given that ∠A + ∠D = 90°. Prove

that AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2.
C

ANSWER:
©

Given: A quadrilateral ABCD where ∠A + ∠D = 90°.

To prove: AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2
Construction: Extend AB and CD to intersect at O.
Proof:
In ΔAOD, ∠A + ∠O + ∠D = 180°
⇒ ∠O = 90° [∠A + ∠D = 90°]
Apply Pythagoras Theorem in ΔAOC and ΔBOD,
AC2 = AO2 + OC2
BD2 = OB2 + OD2
∴ AC2 + BD2 = (AO2 + OD2) + (OC2 + OB2)

T IO S I
⇒ AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2
NO A D
CO N
This proves the given relation.
A

PY
DO U A

Page No 7.127:
T
ED PR

Question 32: In ∆ABC, given that AB = AC and BD ⊥ AC. Prove

that BC2 = 2 AC. CD
C

ANSWER:
©

Since ∆ADB is right triangle right angled at D

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
Substitute 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶
 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2
𝐴𝐶 2 = (𝐴𝐶 − 𝐷𝐶 ) + 𝐵𝐷2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 − 2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 + 𝐵𝐷2
2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐷2
2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐷2
Now, in ∆BDC, we have

T IO S
𝐶𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐶 2

I
Therefore, 2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐷2
NO A D
CO N
2𝐴𝐶. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷2
A

PY
Hence proved.
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 7.127:
Question 33: ABCD is a rectangle. Points M and N are on BD such that
C

AM ⊥ BD and CN ⊥ BD. Prove that BM2 + BN2 = DM2 + DN2.

©

ANSWER:
Given: A rectangle ABCD where AM ⊥ BD and CN ⊥ BD.
To prove: BM2 + BN2 = DM2 + DN2
Proof:

Apply Pythagoras Theorem in ΔAMB and ΔCND,

AB2 = AM2 + MB2
CD2 = CN2 + ND2
Since AB = CD, AM2 + MB2 = CN2 + ND2
⇒ AM2 − CN2 = ND2 − MB2 … (i)
Again apply Pythagoras Theorem in ΔAMD and ΔCNB,
AD2 = AM2 + MD2
CB2 = CN2 + NB2

T IO S I
Since AD = BC, AM2 + MD2 = CN2 + NB2
NO A D
CO N
⇒ AM2 − CN2 = NB2 − MD2 … (ii)
A
Equating (i) and (ii),

PY
DO U A
ND2 − MB2 = NB2 − MD2
T
ED PR

I.e., BM2 + BN2 = DM2 + DN2

This proves the given relation.
C
©

Page No 7.127:
Question 34: In ∆ABC, AD is a median. Prove that AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 +
2DC2.
ANSWER:
We have the following figure.
Since triangle ABM and ACM are right triangles right angled at M
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝑀2 + 𝐵𝑀2 …… (i)
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝑀2 + 𝐶𝑀2 …… (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝑀2 + 𝐵𝑀2 + 𝐶𝑀2
Since in triangle ADM we have
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐷𝑀2 + 𝐴𝑀2

T IO S I
So,
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2(𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐷𝑀2 ) + 𝐵𝑀2 + 𝐶𝑀2
A
= 2𝐴𝐷2 − 2𝐷𝑀2 + 𝐵𝑀2 + 𝐶𝑀2

PY
DO U A

= 2𝐴𝐷2 − 2𝐷𝑀2 + 𝐵𝑀2 + 𝐶𝑀2 + 2𝐵𝑀 × 𝐶𝑀 − 2𝐵𝑀 × 𝐶𝑀

T
ED PR

= 2𝐴𝐷2 − 2𝐷𝑀2 + (𝐵𝑀 + 𝐶𝑀)2 − 2𝐵𝑀 × 𝐶𝑀

BM + CM = BC
C
©

So,
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐷 2 − 2𝐷𝑀2 + 2𝐵𝑀 × 𝐶𝑀 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Now we have
𝐵𝐶 2 = (2𝐶𝐷)2 = 4𝐶𝐷2
So,
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2
= 2𝐴𝐷2 − 2𝐷𝑀2 + 2𝐵𝑀 × 𝐶𝑀 + 𝐵𝐶 2
= 2𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐶𝐷2 + 2𝐷𝑀2 − 2(𝐶𝑀 + 𝐷𝑀)(𝐶𝐷 − 𝐷𝑀)
= 2𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐶𝐷2 + 2𝐷𝑀2 − 2𝐶𝐷2 + 2𝐶𝐷 × 𝐷𝑀 − 2𝐷𝑀 × 𝐶𝐷 + 2𝐷𝑀2
= 2𝐴𝐷2 + 2𝐶𝐷2
Hence proved 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐷2 + 2𝐶𝐷2

Page No 7.127:
Question 35: In ∆ABC, ∠ABC = 135°. Prove that AC2 = AB2 + BC2 +
4 ar (∆ABC)
ANSWER:

T IO S
We have the following figure.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

Here ∆ADB is a right triangle right angled at D. Therefore, by Pythagoras

©

theorem we have
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵 2
Again ∆ADC is a right triangle right angled at D.
Therefore, by Pythagoras theorem, we have
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + (𝐷𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 )2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 2. 𝐵𝐶. 𝐵𝐷
Since angle ABD is 45°and therefore angle BAD is also 45°.
Hence AB = DB
So,
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 2𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷
1
= 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 2 × 2 × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷
2

= 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 4𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 )
Since 𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵2
So,

T IO S
𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 4𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 )

I
Hence we have proved that 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 4𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 )
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
Page No 7.127:
DO U A
T
Question 36: In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠B = 90°. If AD2 = AB2 + BC2 +
ED PR

CD2 then prove that ∠ACD = 90°.

ANSWER:
C
©

In quadrilateral ABCD, we have

∠B = 90°
So, 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 (Pythagoras theorem)
and
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2 (Given)
So,
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷 2
Hence, ∠ACD = 90° (Converse of Pythagoras theorem)

T IO S
Page No 7.127:

I
NO A D
Question 37: In a triangle ABC, N is a point on AC such that BN ⊥ AC.

CO N
A
If BN2 = AN.NC, prove that ∠B = 90°.

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
In ∆ABC, BN ⊥ AC.
ED PR

Also, BN2 = AN × NC
C

We have to prove that ∠B = 90°.

©

In triangles ABN and BNC, we have

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝑁 2 + 𝐵𝑁 2
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝑁 2 + 𝐶𝑁 2
Adding above two equations, we get
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝑁 2 + 𝐶𝑁 2 + 2𝐴𝑁 × 𝑁𝐶
Since 𝐵𝑁 2 = 𝐴𝑁. 𝑁𝐶
So,
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝑁 2 + 𝐶𝑁 2 + 2𝐴𝑁 × 𝑁𝐶
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = (𝐴𝑁 + 𝑁𝐶 )2
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2

T IO S I
Hence ∠B = 90°.
NO A D
CO N
Page No 7.128:
A
Question 38: Nazima is fly fishing in a stream. The tip of her fishing rod

PY
DO U A
is 1.8 m above the surface of the water and the fly at the end of the string
T
rests on the water 3.6 m away and 2.4 m from a point directly under the
ED PR

tip of the road. Assuming that her string (from the tip of her road to the
fly) is taut, how much string does she have out (in the given figure)? If
C

she pulls the string at the rate of 5 cm per second, what will the horizontal
©

distance of the fly from her after 12 seconds.

ANSWER:
Let us take
AB = Tip of fishing rod above the surface of the water
BC = The string rest from directly under the tip of the rod.
AC = The length of string

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A

In ABC right triangle right angled at B

T
ED PR

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 1.82 + 2.42
C
©

𝐴𝐶 2 = 3.24 + 5.76
𝐴𝐶 2 = 9
𝐴𝐶 = √9
𝐴𝐶 = √3 × 3
𝐴𝐶 = 3
Hence 3 m string is out
The string pulled in 12 seconds is equal to 12 × 5 = 60 cm = 0.6 m to
point D
In this case the diagram will look like the following
 T IO S
Now The length of the new string AD = AC − CD = 3.00 − 0.6 = 2.4 m

I
NO A D
Now in triangle ADB we have

CO N
A
1.82 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 2.42

PY
3.24 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 5.76
DO U A
T
𝐵𝐷2 = 5.76 − 3.24
ED PR

𝐵𝐷2 = 2.52
C

𝐵𝐷 = 1.587
©

∴ Required distance = 1.587 + 1.2 = 2.79 m

Hence, the horizontal distance is 2.79 m.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQs)

Page No 7.128:
Question 1: State basic proportionality theorem and its converse.
ANSWER:
TO STATE: The basic proportionality theorem and its converse.
BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM: If a line is drawn parallel to
one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then it divides the
two sides in the same ratio.
CONVERSE OF BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM: If a line
divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be
parallel to the third side.

Page No 7.128:

T IO S
Question 2: In the adjoining figure, find AC.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN: In the figure we are given AD = 6cm, BD = 9cm, AE = 8cm
TO FIND: AC
According to BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM, if a line is
drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides,
then it divides the two sides in the same ratio.
In ∆ABC, DE || BC. So,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
6 8
=
9 𝐸𝐶
8×9
𝐸𝐶 =
6

𝐸𝐶 = 12 cm
Now,
AC = AE + EC
AC = 8 + 12

T IO S
AC = 20 cm

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.129:

PY
DO U A
Question 3: In the adjoining figure, if AD is the bisector of ∠A, what is
T
AC?
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN: AB = 6cm, BD = 3cm and DC = 2cm. Also, AD is the bisector
of ∠𝐴.
TO FIND: AC
SOLUTION: We know that the internal bisector of a triangle divides the
opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
Therefore,
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
=
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
6 3
=
𝐴𝐶 2
6×2
AC =
3

T IO S
AC = 4 cm

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.129:

PY
𝐴𝐵 1 Area (ΔABC)
Question 4: Given ΔABC ~ ΔPQR, if
DO U A
= , then find .
𝑃𝑄 3 Area (ΔPQR)
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: △ABC ~ △PQR
C

𝐴𝐵 1
Also, =
©

𝑃𝑄 3

We know if two triangles are similar then the ratio of the areas of two
similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding sides.
ar∆ABC AB 2 1 2 1
=( ) =( ) =
ar∆PQR PQ 3 9

Page No 7.129:
Question 5: State SSS similarity criterion.
ANSWER:
SSS Similarity Criterion: If the corresponding sides of two triangles are
proportional, then they are similar.
In ΔABC and ΔDEF, if
AB BC AC
= =
DE EF DF

Then, △ABC ~ △DEF

Page No 7.129:

T IO S
Question 6: State SAS similarity criterion.

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
SAS Similarity Criterion: If in two triangles, one pair of corresponding
A
sides are proportional and the included angles are equal then two triangles

PY
are similar.
DO U A
T
In ΔABC and ΔDEF, if
ED PR

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
= and ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹
C

Then, △ABC ~ △DEF

©

Page No 7.129:
Question 7: In the adjoining figure, DE is parallel to BC and AD = 1 cm,
BD = 2 cm. What is the ratio of the area of ∆ABC to the area of ∆ADE?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: DE is parallel to BC, AD = 1cm and BD = 2cm.
TO FIND: Ratio of ΔABC to area of ΔADE
According to BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM, if a line is
drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides,
then it divides the two sides in the same ratio.
In ΔABC, DE || BC.

T IO S
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=

I
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
1
NO A D
=
𝐴𝐸

CO N
2+1 𝐴𝐶
A
𝐴𝐸 1
⇒ =

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐶 3

So
T
ED PR

ar (ΔABC) 𝐴𝐶 2
=( )
ar (ΔADE) 𝐴𝐸
C

3 2
©

=( )
1
9
=
1

Page No 7.129:
Question 8: In the figure given below DE || BC. If AD = 2.4 cm, DB =
3.6 cm, AC = 5 cm. Find AE.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: AD = 2.4cm, BD = 3.6cm and AC = 5cm.
TO FIND: AE
According to BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM If a line is
drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides,
then it divides the two sides in the same ratio.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
In ∆ABC, DE || BC.
A
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
2.4
T 𝐴𝐸
=
ED PR

2.4+3.6 𝐴𝐶
2.4 𝐴𝐸
=
6 5
C

𝐴𝐸 = 2
©

𝐴𝐸 = 2 cm

Page No 7.129:
Question 9: If the areas of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are in the
ratio 9 : 16 and BC = 4.5 cm, what is the length of QR?
ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC and ΔPQR are similar triangles. Area of ΔABC: Area of
ΔPQR = 9:16 and BC = 4.5cm.
To find: Length of QR
We know that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of the squares of any two corresponding sides.
Hence,
ar (ΔABC) 𝐵𝐶 2
=
ar (ΔPQR) 𝑄𝑅 2

9 4.52
=
16 𝑄𝑅 2

4.52 ×16
𝑄𝑅 2 =

T IO S
9

I
𝑄𝑅 2 = 36
NO A D
CO N
𝑄𝑅 = 6 cm
A

PY
DO U A

Page No 7.129:
T
ED PR

Question 10: The areas of two similar triangles are 169 cm2 and 121
cm2 respectively. If the longest side of the larger triangle is 26 cm, what
C

is the length of the longest side of the smaller triangle?

©

ANSWER:
Let ∆ABC and ΔPQR are similar triangles. The area of triangles is
169cm2 and 121cm2, respectively.
Longest side of the larger triangle is 26 cm

TO FIND: length of longest side of the smaller side.

Suppose longest side of the larger triangle is BC and longest side of the
smaller triangle is QR.
We know that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of the squares of any two corresponding sides.
Hence,
ar (ΔABC) 𝐵𝐶 2
=
ar (ΔPQR) 𝑄𝑅 2

169 262

T IO S
=
121 𝑄𝑅 2

I
13 26
NO A D =

CO N
11 𝑄𝑅
A
11×26
𝑄𝑅 =

PY
13
DO U A

𝑄𝑅 = 22
T
ED PR

𝑄𝑅 = 22 cm
C
©

Page No 7.129:
Question 11: If ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ∠A = 57°
and ∠E = 73°, what is the measure of ∠C?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: There are two similar triangles ΔABC and ΔDEF.
∠A = 57°, ∠E = 73°
TO FIND: measure of ∠𝐶
SAS Similarity Criterion: If in two triangles, one pair of corresponding
sides are proportional and the included angles are equal then two triangles
are similar.
In ΔABC and ΔDEF if
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
= and ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹

Then, ΔABC~ΔDEF
So,
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷
∠𝐷 = 57° …. (1)
Similarly

T IO S
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐸

I
∠𝐵 = 73° …. (2)
NO A D
CO N
A
Now we know that sum of all angles of a triangle is equal to 180°,

PY
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
DO U A
T
57° + 73° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
ED PR

130° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
C

∠𝐶 = 50°
©

Page No 7.129:
Question 12: If the altitude of two similar triangles are in the ratio 2 : 3,
what is the ratio of their areas?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Altitudes of two similar triangles are in ratio 2:3.
TO FIND: Ratio of the areas of two similar triangles.
Let first triangle be ΔABC and the second triangle be ΔPQR
We know that the areas of two similar triangles are in the ratio of the
squares of the corresponding altitudes.
 Area (ABC) 22
⇒ =
Area (PQR) 32
Area (ABC) 4
=
Area (PQR) 9

Page No 7.129:
AB BC
Question 13: If ∆ABC and ∆DEF are two triangles such that = =
DE EF
CA 3
= , then write Area (∆ABC) : Area (∆DEF)

T IO S
FD 4

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
AB BC CA 3
A
GIVEN: ΔABC and ΔDEF are two triangles such that = = = .
DE EF FD 4

PY
TO FIND: Area (∆ABC): Area (∆DEF)
DO U A
T
We know that two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are
ED PR

proportional.
Here, ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles because their corresponding
C
©

sides are given proportional, i.e. v

Since the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of
the squares of their corresponding sides.
Area (ABC) 32
⇒ =
Area (PQR) 42
Area (ABC) 9
=
Area (PQR) 16

Page No 7.129:
Question 14: If ∆ABC and ∆DEF are similar triangles such that AB = 3
cm, BC = 2 cm, CA = 2.5 cm and EF = 4 cm, write the perimeter of ∆DEF.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles such that AB = 3cm, BC
= 2cm, CA = 2.5cm and EF = 4cm.
TO FIND: Perimeter of ΔDEF.
We know that if two triangles are similar then their corresponding sides
are proportional.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
Hence, = =
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐷

Substituting the values, we get

T IO S
𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐸
=

I
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹
NO A D
CO N
3 𝐷𝐸
=
A
2 4

PY
DE = 6 cm …. (1)
DO U A
T
Similarly,
ED PR

𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐹
=
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹
C

2.5 𝐷𝐹
=
©

2 4

DF = 5 cm … (2)
Perimeter of ∆DER = DE + EF + DF
=6+4+5
= 15 cm

Page No 7.129:
Question 15: State Pythagoras theorem and its converse.
ANSWER:
TO STATE: Pythagoras theorem and its converse.
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM: In a right angled triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
hypotenuse² = perpendicular² + base²
CONVERSE OF PYTHAGORAS THEOREM: In a triangle, if the square
of one side is equal to the sum of the square of the other two sides then
the angle opposite to the greatest side is a right angle.

T IO S
Page No 7.129:

I
Question 16: The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 30 cm and 40
NO A D
cm. Find the side of the rhombus.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN: the lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 30 cm and 40 cm.
T
ED PR

TO FIND: side of the rhombus.

Let the diagonals AC and CD of the rhombus ABCD meet at point O.
C
©

We know that the diagonals of the rhombus bisect each other

perpendicularly.
Hence in right triangle AOD, by Pythagoras theorem
hypotenuse² = perpendicular² + base²
= 15² + 20²
= 225 + 400
= 625
hypotenuse = 25 cm
Hence the side of the rhombus is = 25 cm

T IO S
Page No 7.130:

I
NO A D
Question 17: In the given figure, PQ || BC and AP : PB = 1 : 2. Find

CO N
A
area (ΔAPQ)
.

PY
area (ΔABC)
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN: In the given figure PQ || BC, and AP: PB = 1:2
Area (APQ)
TO FIND: .
Area (ABC)

We know that according to basic proportionality theorem if a line is drawn

parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other side, then it divides
the two sides in the same ratio.
Since triangle APQ and ABC are similar
 𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄 𝑃𝑄
Hence, = =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝑃 1
Now, it is given that = .
𝑃𝐵 2

⇒ 𝑃𝐵 = 2𝐴𝑃
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑃 1
So; = = =
𝑃𝐵 𝐴𝑃+𝑃𝐵 𝐴𝑃+2𝐴𝑃 3

Since the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of
the squares of their corresponding sides.

T IO S
Area(APQ) AP 2 1 2 1

I
=( ) =( ) =
Area(ABC) AB 3 9
NO A D
CO N
Area(APQ) 1
A
=
Area(ABC) 9

PY
DO U A
Hence we got the result Area(APB): Area(ABC) = 1: 9
T
ED PR

Page No 7.130:
C

Question 18: In the given figure, S and T are points on the sides PQ and
©

PR respectively of ∆PQR such that PT = 2 cm, TR = 4 cm and ST is

parallel to QR. Find the ratio of the areas of ∆PST and ∆PQR.
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔPQR, S and T are the points on the sides PQ and PR
respectively such that PT = 2cm, TR = 4cm and ST is parallel to QR.
To find: Ratio of areas of ΔPST and ΔPQR
In ΔPST and ΔPQR,
∠PST = ∠Q (Corresponding angles)
∠P = ∠P (Common)

T IO S
∴ΔPST ~ ΔPQR (AA Similarity)

I
NO A D
Now, we know that the areas of two similar triangles are in the ratio of

CO N
A
the squares of the corresponding sides. Therefore,

PY
Area(∆PST) PT2
DO U A
=
Area(∆PQR) PR2
T
ED PR

Area(∆PST) PT2
= (PT+TR)2
Area(∆PQR)

22
C

Area(∆PST)
= (2+4)2
©

Area(∆PQR)
Area(∆PST) 4 1
= =
Area(∆PQR) 36 9

Page No 7.130:
Question 19: In the given figure, ∆AHK is similar to ∆ABC. If AK = 10
cm, BC = 3.5 cm and HK = 7 cm, find AC.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
Given:
T
ED PR

AK = 10 cm
BC = 3.5 cm
C

HK = 7 cm
©

To find: AC
Since ∆𝐴𝐻𝐾~∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, so their corresponding sides are proportional.
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
=
𝐴𝐾 𝐻𝐾
𝐴𝐶 3.5
=
10 7

AC = 5 cm

Page No 7.130:
Question 20: In the given figure, DE || BC in ∆ABC such that BC = 8 cm,
AB = 6 cm and DA = 1.5 cm. Find DE.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
Given: In ∆ABC, DE || BC. BC = 8 cm, AB = 6 cm and DA = 1.5 cm.

PY
DO U A

To find: DE
T
ED PR

In ∆ABC and ∆ADE

C

∠B = ∠ADE (Corresponding angles)

©

∠A = ∠A Common)
∴ΔABC ~ ΔADE (AA Similarity)
So,
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
=
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐴
8 6
=
𝐷𝐸 1.5
8×1.5
𝐷𝐸 =
6

𝐷𝐸 = 2 cm
 Page No 7.131:
1
Question 21: In the given figure, DE || BC and AD= BD. If BC = 4.5 cm,
2
find DE.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

1
Given: In ∆ABC, DE || BC. 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷 and BC = 4.5 cm.
2
C

To find: DE
©

In ∆ABC and ∆ADE

∠B = ∠ADE (Corresponding angles)

∠A = ∠A (Common)
∴ ΔABC ~ ΔADE (AA Similarity)
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸
=
𝐴𝐷+𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐶
1
2
𝐵𝐷 𝐷𝐸
1 =
𝐵𝐷+𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐶
2
1 𝐷𝐸
=
3 𝐵𝐶
1 𝐷𝐸
=
3 4.5

DE = 1.5 cm

Page No 7.131:
Question 22: In the given figure, LM = LN = 46°. Express x in terms

T IO S
of a, b and c where a, b, c are lengths of LM, MN and NK respectively.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
Given: In the given figure ∠LMN = ∠PNK = 46°
TO EXPRESS: x in terms of a, b, c where a, b, and c are the lengths of
LM, MN and NK respectively.
Here we can see that ∠LMN = ∠PNK = 46°. It forms a pair of
corresponding angles.
Hence, LM || PN
In ΔLMK and ΔPNK,

∠LMK=∠PNK (Corresponding angles)

∠LKM=∠PKN (Common)
∴ΔLMK~ΔPNK (AA Similarity)
ML MK
=
NP NK
𝑎 𝑏+𝑐
=
𝑥 𝑐
𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
𝑏+𝑐
𝑎𝑐
Hence we got the result as 𝑥 = .
𝑏+𝑐

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Page No 7.131:
Question 1: Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4: 9. Areas of
these triangles are in the ratio.
(a) 2 : 3
(b) 4 : 9
(c) 81 : 16
(d) 16 : 81

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Given: Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4:9

CO N
A
To find: Ratio of area of these triangles

PY
DO U A
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
T
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ED PR

ar(triangle1) side 1 2
=( )
ar(triangle2) side 2
C
©

4 2
=( )
9
ar(triangle1) 16
=
ar(triangle2) 81

Hence the correct answer is option (d)

Page No 7.131:
Question 2: The areas of two similar triangles are in respectively 9
cm2 and 16 cm2. The ratio of their corresponding sides is

(a) 3 : 4
(b) 4 : 3
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 4 : 5
ANSWER:
Given: Areas of two similar triangles are 9cm2 and 16cm2.
To find: Ratio of their corresponding sides.
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

T IO S
ar(triangle1) side 1 2
=( )

I
ar(triangle2) side 2

NO A D
CO N
9 side 1 2
=( )
A
16 side 2

PY
DO U A
Taking square root on both sides, we get
T
ED PR

side 1 3
=
side 2 4
C
©

So, the ratio of their corresponding sides is 3 : 4.

Hence the correct answer is (a) .

Page No 7.131:
Question 3: The areas of two similar triangles ∆ABC and ∆DEF are 144
cm2 and 81 cm2 respectively. If the longest side of larger ∆ABC be 36 cm,
then the longest side of the smaller triangle ∆DEF is

(a) 20 cm
(b) 26 cm
(c) 27 cm
(d) 30 cm
ANSWER:
Given: Areas of two similar triangles ΔABC and ΔDEF are 144cm2 and
81cm2.
If the longest side of larger ΔABC is 36cm
To find: the longest side of the smaller triangle ΔDEF

T IO S
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the

I
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
NO A D
CO N
Area(∆ABC) logest side of larger ∆ABC 2
A
=( )
Area(∆DEF) longest side of smaller ∆DEF

PY
DO U A
144 36 2
=( )
T
81 longest side of smaller ∆DEF
ED PR

Taking square root on both sides, we get

C
©

12 36
=
9 longest side of smaller ΔDEF
36×9
longest side of smaller ΔDEF = = 27 cm
12

Hence the correct answer is (C).

Page No 7.132:
Question 4: ∆ABC and ∆BDE are two equilateral triangles such that D is
the mid-point of BC. The ratio of the areas of triangle ABC and BDE is

(a) 2 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 4 : 1
(d) 1 : 4
ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC and ΔBDE are two equilateral triangles such that D is the
midpoint of BC.
To find: Ratio of areas of ΔABC and ΔBDE.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ΔABC and ΔBDE are equilateral triangles; hence they are similar
ED PR

triangles.
C

Since D is the midpoint of BC, BD = DC.

©

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(∆ABC) BC 2
=( )
ar(∆BDE) BD

ar(∆ABC) BC+DC 2
=( ) [D is the midpoint of BC]
ar(∆BDE) BD

ar(∆ABC) BC+BD 2
=( )
ar(∆BDE) BD

ar(∆ABC) 2BD 2
=( )
ar(∆BDE) BD
ar(∆ABC) 4
=
ar(∆BDE) 1
Hence the correct answer is (C).

Page No 7.132:
Question 5: If ∆ABC and ∆DEF are similar such that 2AB = DE and BC
= 8 cm, then EF =
(a) 16 cm
(b) 12 cm

T IO S
(c) 8 cm
(d) 4 cm

I
ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
Given: ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles such that 2AB = DE and

PY
DO U A
BC = 8 cm.
T
To find: EF
ED PR

We know that if two triangles are similar then their sides are proportional.
C

Hence, for similar triangles ΔABC and ΔDEF

©

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
= =
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐷

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
=
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹
1 8
=
2 𝐸𝐹

𝐸𝐹 = 16 cm
Hence the correct answer is (a).

Page No 7.132:
 AB BC
Question 6: If ∆ABC and ∆DEF are two triangles such that = =
DE EF
CA 2
= , then Area (∆ABC) : Area (∆DEF) =
FD 5

(a) 2 : 5
(b) 4 : 25
(c) 4 : 15
(d) 8 : 125
ANSWER:

T IO S
AB BC CA 2

I
Given: ΔABC and ΔDEF are two triangles such that = = = .
NO A D DE EF FD 5

CO N
To find: Ar(∆ABC): Ar(∆DEF)
A

PY
We know that if the sides of two triangles are proportional, then the two
DO U A
triangles are similar.
T
ED PR

AB BC CA 2
Since = = = , therefore, ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar.
DE EF FD 5
C

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
©

ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

Ar(∆ABC) AB2
=
Ar(∆DEF) DE2

Ar(∆ABC) 22
=
Ar(∆DEF) 52
Ar(∆ABC) 4
=
Ar(∆DEF) 25

Hence the correct answer is (b).

Page No 7.132:
Question 7: XY is drawn parallel to the base BC of a ∆ABC cutting AB
at X and AC at Y. If AB = 4 BX and YC = 2 cm, then AY =
(a) 2 cm
(b) 4 cm
(c) 6 cm
(d) 8 cm
ANSWER:
Given: XY is drawn parallel to the base BC of a ΔABC cutting AB at X
and AC at Y. AB = 4BX and YC = 2 cm.

T IO S
To find: AY

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

In ΔAXY and ΔABC,

©

∠AXY = ∠B (Corresponding angles)

∠A = ∠A (Common)
∴ ΔAXY ~ ΔABC (AA similarity)
We know that if two triangles are similar, then their sides are proportional.
It is given that AB = 4BX.

Let AB = 4x and BX = x.

Then, AX = 3x
AX AY
=
BX YC
3𝑥 AY
=
1𝑥 2
3𝑥×2
AY =
1𝑥

AY = 6 cm
Hence the correct answer is (c).

T IO S I
Page No 7.132:
NO A D
CO N
Question 8: Two poles of height 6 m and 11 m stand vertically upright
A
on a plane ground. If the distance between their foot is 12 m, the distance

PY
between their tops is
DO U A
T
(a) 12 m
ED PR

(b) 14 m
(c) 13 m
C

(d) 11 m
©

ANSWER:
Given: Two poles of heights 6m and 11m stand vertically upright on a
plane ground. Distance between their foot is 12 m.
To find: Distance between their tops.
Let CD be the pole with height 6m.
AB is the pole with height 11m, distance between their foot i.e. DB is 12
m.
 T IO S I
Let us assume a point E on the pole AB which is 6m from the base of AB.
NO A D
CO N
Hence
A
AE = AB − 6 = 11 − 6 = 5 m

PY
DO U A
Now in right triangle AEC, Applying Pythagoras theorem
T
ED PR

AC2 = AE2 + EC2

AC2 = 52 + 122
C

(since CDEB forms a rectangle and opposite sides of rectangle are equal)
©

AC2 = 25 + 144
AC2 = 169
AC = 13 m
Thus, the distance between their tops is 13m.
Hence correct answer is (c).

Page No 7.132:
Question 9: In ∆ABC, D and E are points on side AB and AC respectively
such that DE || BC and AD : DB = 3 : 1. If EA = 3.3 cm, then AC =
(a) 1.1 cm
(b) 4 cm
(c) 4.4 cm
(d) 5.5 cm
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, D and E are points on the side AB and AC respectively

T IO S
such that DE || BC and AD: DB = 3 : 1. Also, EA = 3.3cm.

I
NO A D
To find: AC

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ∆ABC, DE || BC.
Using corollary of basic proportionality theorem, we have
𝐴𝐷 𝐸𝐴
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐷 3.3
=
𝐴𝐷+𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐷 3.3
1 =
𝐴𝐷 + 3 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐶

EC = 4.4 cm
Hence the correct answer is (c).
 Page No 7.132:
Question 10: In triangles ABC and DEF, ∠A = ∠E = 40°, AB : ED = AC
: EF and ∠F = 65°, then ∠B =

(a) 35°
(b) 65°
(c) 75°
(d) 85°

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Given: In ΔABC and ΔDEF

CO N
A
∠A = ∠E = 40°

PY
DO U A
AB: ED = AC: EF
T
∠F = 65°
ED PR

To find: Measure of angle B.

C

In ΔABC and ΔDEF

©

∠A = ∠E = 40°
AB: ED = AC: EF
ΔABC ~ ΔDEF (S.A.S Similarity criterial)

Hence in similar triangles ΔABC and ΔDEF

∠A = ∠E = 40°
∠C = ∠F = 65°
∠B = ∠D
We know that sum of all the angles of a triangle is equal to 180°.
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
40° + ∠B + 65° = 180°
∠B + 115° = 180°

T IO S
∠B = 180° - 115°

I
∠B = 75°
NO A D
CO N
Hence the correct answer is (c).
A

PY
DO U A

Page No 7.132:
T
ED PR

Question 11: If ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ∠A = 47°
and ∠E = 83°, then ∠C =
C

(a) 50°
©

(b) 60°
(c) 70°
(d) 80°
ANSWER:
Given: If ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles such that
∠A = 47°
∠E = 83°
To find: Measure of angle C
In similar ΔABC and ΔDEF,
∠A = ∠D = 47°
∠B = ∠E = 83°

T IO S I
∠C = ∠F
NO A D
CO N
We know that sum of all the angles of a triangle is equal to 180°.
A
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

PY
DO U A
47° + 83° +∠C = 180°
T
ED PR

∠C + 130° = 180°
∠C = 180° – 130°
C

∠C = 50°
©

Hence the correct answer is (a)

Page No 7.132:
Question 12: If D, E, F are the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB
respectively of ∆ABC, then the ratio of the areas of triangles DEF and
ABC is
(a) 1 : 4
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 4 : 5
ANSWER:
GIVEN: In ΔABC, D, E and F are the midpoints of BC, CA, and AB
respectively.
TO FIND: Ratio of the areas of ΔDEF and ΔABC
Since it is given that D and, E are the midpoints of BC, and AC
respectively.
Therefore, DE || AB, DE || FA …… (1)
Again it is given that D and, F are the midpoints of BC, and, AB

T IO S
respectively.

I
Therefore, DF || CA, DF || AE …… (2)
NO A D
CO N
From (1) and (2) we get AFDE is a parallelogram.
A
Similarly, we can prove that BDEF is a parallelogram.

PY
DO U A

Now, in ΔADE and ΔABC

T
ED PR

∠FDE = ∠A (Opposite angles of ||gm AFDE)

∠DEF = ∠B (Opposite angles of ||gm AFDE)
C
©

⇒ ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF (AA similarity criterion)

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
ar(∆DEF) DE 2
=( )
ar(∆ABC) AB
 1 2
ar(∆DEF) (AB) 1
2
=( ) (Since 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐴𝐵)
ar(∆ABC) AB 2

ar(∆DEF) 1
=( )
ar(∆ABC) 4

Hence the correct option is (a).

Page No 7.132:

T IO S
Question 13: In a ∆ABC, ∠A = 90°, AB = 5 cm and AC = 12 cm. If AD

I
⊥ BC, then AD =
NO A D
CO N
13
cm
A
(a)
2
60

PY
(b) cm
DO U A
13
13
T
(c) cm
ED PR

60
2√15
(d) cm
13
C

ANSWER:
©

Given: In ΔABC ∠A = 90°, AD ⊥ BC, AC = 12cm, and AB = 5cm.

To find: AD
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
 T IO S
In ∆ACB and ∆ADC,

I
NO A D
CO N
∠C = ∠C (Common)
A

PY
∠A = ∠ADC=90°
DO U A
T
ED PR

∴ ∆ACB ~ ∆ADC (AA Similarity)

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐶
=
C

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
©

AB×AC
AD =
BC
12×5
AD =
13
60
AD =
13

We got the result as (b).

Page No 7.132:
Question 14: If ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle such that AD ⊥ BC,
then AD2 =
 3
(a) DC²
2
(b) 2 DC2
(c) 3 CD2
(d) 4 DC2
ANSWER:
Given: In an equilateral ΔABC, AD ⊥ BC.

BC
Since AD ⊥ BC, BD = CD =

T IO S
2

I
Applying Pythagoras theorem,
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ΔADC
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 (Since AC = BC)
(2𝐷𝐶 )2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 (Since BC = 2DC)
4𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
3𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2
3𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2
We got the result as (c)
 Page No 7.132:
Question 15: In a ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠BAC. If AB = 6 cm, AC
= 5 cm and BD = 3 cm, then DC =
(a) 11.3 cm
(b) 2.5 cm
(c) 3 : 5 cm
(d) None of these
ANSWER:

T IO S
Given: In a ΔABC, AD is the bisector of . AB = 6cm and AC = 5cm

I
NO A D
and BD = 3cm.

CO N
A
To find: DC

PY
DO U A
We know that the internal bisector of angle of a triangle divides the
T
opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
ED PR

Hence,
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
C

=
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
©

6 3
=
45 𝐷𝐶
5×3
DC =
6

DC = 2.5 cm
Hence we got the result (b)

Page No 7.132:
Question 16: In a ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠BAC. If AB = 8 cm, BD
= 6 cm and DC = 3 cm. Find AC
(a) 4 cm
(b) 6 cm
(c) 3 cm
(d) 8 cm
ANSWER:
Given: In a ΔABC, AD is the bisector of angle BAC. AB = 8cm, and DC
= 3cm and BD = 6cm.
To find: AC

T IO S
We know that the internal bisector of angle of a triangle divides the

I
NO A D
opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.

CO N
A
Hence,

PY
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
DO U A
=
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
T
ED PR

8 6
=
𝐴𝐶 3
8×3
AC =
C

6
©

AC = 4 cm
Hence we got the result (a)

Page No 7.132:
Question 17: ABCD is a trapezium such that BC || AD and AD = 4 cm.
𝐴𝑂 𝐷𝑂 1
If the diagonals AC and BD intersect at O such that = = , then
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐵 2
BC =
(a) 7 cm
(b) 8 cm
(c) 9 cm
(d) 6 cm
ANSWER:
Given: ABCD is a trapezium in which BC||AD and AD = 4 cm
𝐴𝑂 𝐷𝑂 1
The diagonals AC and BD intersect at O such that = =
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐵 2

To find: DC

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
In ΔAOD and ΔCOB
T
∠OAD = ∠OCB
ED PR

(Alternate angles)
∠ODA = ∠OBC (Alternate angles)
C

∠AOD = ∠BOC (Vertically opposite angles)

©

So, ΔAOD~ΔCOB (AAA similarity)

Now, correponding sides of similar Δ's are proportional.
𝐴𝑂 𝐷𝑂 𝐴𝐷
= =
𝐶𝑂 𝐵𝑂 𝐵𝐶
1 𝐴𝐷
⇒ =
2 𝐵𝐶
1 4
⇒ =
2 𝐵𝐶

⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 8 cm
Hence the correct answer is (b)
 Page No 7.133:
Question 18: If ABC is a right triangle right-angled at B and M, N are the
mid-points of AB and BC respectively, then 4(AN2 + CM2) =
(a) 4 AC2
(b) 5 AC2
5
(c) AC 2
4
(d) 6 AC2

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

M is the mid-point of AB.

AB
∴ BM =
2

N is the mid-point of BC.

BC
∴ BN =
2

Now,
1 2 1 2
𝐴𝑁 + 𝐶𝑀 = (𝐴𝐵 + ( 𝐵𝐶) ) + (( 𝐴𝐵) + 𝐵𝐶 2 )
2 2 2
2 2
 1 1
= 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
4 4
5
= (𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 )
4

⇒ 4(𝐴𝑁 2 + 𝐶𝑀2 ) = 5𝐴𝐶 2

Hence option (b) is correct.

Page No 7.133:

T IO S
Question 19: If in ∆ABC and ∆DEF, ABDE=BCFDABDE=BCFD, then

I
∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF when
NO A D
CO N
A
(a) ∠A = ∠F
(b) ∠A = ∠D

PY
DO U A
(c) ∠B = ∠D
T
(d) ∠B = ∠E
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
Given: In ΔABC and ΔDEF, = .
©

𝐷𝐸 𝐹𝐷

We know that if in two triangles, one pair of corresponding sides are

proportional and the included angles are equal, then the two triangles are
similar.
Then, ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷
Hence, ΔABC is similar to ΔDEF, we should have∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷.
Hence the correct answer is (c).

Page No 7.133:
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
Question 20: If in two triangles ABC and DEF, = = , then
𝐷𝐸 𝐹𝐸 𝐹𝐷

(a) ∆FDE ∼ ∆CAB

T IO S
(b) ∆FDE ∼ ∆ABC

I
(c) ∆CBA ∼ ∆FDE
NO A D
(d) ∆BCA ∼ ∆FDE

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
We know that if two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are
T
proportional.
ED PR
C
©

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
It is given that ΔABC and ΔDEF are two triangles such that = =
𝐷𝐸 𝐹𝐸
𝐶𝐴
.
𝐹𝐷

∠A = ∠D
∠B = ∠E
∠C = ∠F
∴ ΔCAB ~~ΔFDE
Hence the correct answer is (a).

Page No 7.133:
Question 21: ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF, ar(∆ABC) = 9 cm2, ar(∆DEF) = 16 cm2. If
BC = 2.1 cm, then the measure of EF is
(a) 2.8 cm

T IO S
(b) 4.2 cm

I
(c) 2.5 cm
NO A D
CO N
(d) 4.1 cm
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
Given: ar(∆ABC) = 9 cm2, ar(∆DEF) = 16 cm2 and BC = 2.1 cm
T
ED PR

To find: measure of EF
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
C

ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

©

Ar(∆ABC) 𝐵𝐶 2
=
Ar(∆DEF) 𝐸𝐹 2

9 2.12
=
16 𝐸𝐹 2
3 2.1
=
4 𝐸𝐹

𝐸𝐹 = 2.8 cm
Hence the correct answer is (a)

Page No 7.133:
Question 22:
The length of the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle whose one
side is 4√2 cm is

(a) 12 cm
(b) 8 cm
(c) √82 cm
(d) 12√2 cm
ANSWER:

T IO S
Given: One side of isosceles right triangle is 4√2 cm

I
NO A D
To find: Length of the hypotenuse.

CO N
A
We know that in isosceles triangle two sides are equal.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In isosceles right triangle ABC, let AB and AC be the two equal sides of
measure 4√2 cm.
Applying Pythagoras theorem, we get
BC² = AB² + AC²
2 2
BC² = (4√2) + (4√2)
BC² = 32 + 32
BC² = 64
BC = 8 cm
Hence correct answer is (b).

Page No 7.133:
Question 23: A man goes 24 m due west and then 7 m due north. How
far is he from the starting point?
(a) 31 m

T IO S
(b) 17 m

I
(c) 25 m
NO A D
(d) 26 m

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
A man goes 24m due to west and then 7m due north.
T
ED PR

Let the man starts from point B and goes 24 m due to west and reaches
point A, then walked 7m north and reaches point C.
C

Now we have to find the distance between the starting point and the end
©

point i.e. BC.

In right triangle ABC, applying Pythagoras theorem, we get

BC² = AB² + AC²
BC² = (24)2 + (7)2
BC² = 576 + 49
BC² = 625
BC = 25 cm
Hence correct answer is (c).

Page No 7.133:
Question 24: ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF. If BC = 3 cm, EF = 4 cm and ar(∆ABC) =
54 cm2, then ar(∆DEF) =
(a) 108 cm2

T IO S
(b) 96 cm2

I
(c) 48 cm2
NO A D
(d) 100 cm2

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
Given: In ΔABC and ΔDEF
T
ED PR

ΔABC ~ ΔDEF
Ar (ΔABC) = 54 cm²
C

BC = 3 cm and EF = 4 cm
©

To find: Ar (Δ DEF)
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Ar(∆ABC) 𝐵𝐶 2
=
Ar(∆DEF) 𝐸𝐹 2

54 32
=
Ar(∆DEF) 42
54 9
=
Ar(∆DEF) 16
16×54
Ar(∆DEF) =
9

Ar(∆DEF) = 96 cm²
Hence the correct answer is (b)

Page No 7.133:
Question 25: ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQR such that ar(∆ABC) = 4 ar(∆PQR). If BC
= 12 cm, then QR =
(a) 9 cm
(b) 10 cm

T IO S
(c) 6 cm
(d) 8 cm

I
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
Given: In Δ ABC and ΔPQR

PY
DO U A
ΔABC ~ ΔPQR
T
ED PR

Ar (ΔABC) = 4Ar (ΔPQR)

BC = 12 cm
C

To find: Measure of QR
©

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Ar(∆ABC) 𝐵𝐶 2
=
Ar(∆PQR) 𝑄𝑅 2

4 Ar(∆PQR) 122
= (Given Ar(ΔABC) = 4Ar(ΔPQR))
Ar(∆PQR) 𝑄𝑅 2

4 122
=
1 𝑄𝑅 2
2 12
=
1 𝑄𝑅

QR = 6 cm²
Hence the correct answer is (c)
 Page No 7.133:
Question 26: The areas of two similar triangles are 121 cm2 and 64
cm2 respectively. If the median of the first triangle is 12.1 cm, then the
corresponding median of the other triangle is
(a) 11 cm
(b) 8.8 cm
(c) 11.1 cm
(d) 8.1 cm

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Given: The area of two similar triangles is 121cm2 and

CO N
64cm2 respectively. The median of the first triangle is 2.1cm.
A

PY
To find: Corresponding medians of the other triangle
DO U A

We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
T
ED PR

ratio of squares of their medians.

ar(triangle1) median 1 2
=( )
C

ar(triangle2) median 2
©

121 12.1 2
=( )
64 median 2

Taking square root on both side, we get

11 12.1 cm
=
8 median2

⇒ median2 = 8.8 cm
Hence the correct answer is (b).

Page No 7.133:
Question 27: In an equilateral triangle ABC if AD ⊥ BC, then AD2 =
(a) CD2
(b) 2CD2
(c) 3CD2
(d) 4CD2
ANSWER:
In an equilateral ΔABC, AD ⊥ BC.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

In ΔADC, applying Pythagoras theorem, we get

C

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
©

𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 (∵ AC = BC)
(2𝐷𝐶 )2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2 (∵ BC = 2DC)
4𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
3𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2
3𝐶𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷2
Hence, the correct option is (c).

Page No 7.133:
Question 28: In an equilateral triangle ABC if AD ⊥ BC, then
(a) 5AB2 = 4AD2
(b) 3AB2 = 4AD2
(c) 4AB2 = 3AD2
(d) 2AB2 = 3AD2
ANSWER:
∆ABC is an equilateral triangle and .

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

In ∆ABD, applying Pythagoras theorem, we get

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2
C
©

1 2 1
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + ( 𝐵𝐶) (∵ 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶)
2 2

1 2
2 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷 + ( 𝐴𝐵) (∵ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 )
2
1
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐴𝐵2
2

3𝐴𝐵2 = 4𝐴𝐷2
We got the result as (b).

Page No 7.133:
Question 29: In an isosceles triangle ABC if AC = BC and AB2 = 2AC2,
then ∠C =
(a) 30°
(b) 45
(c) 90°
(d) 60°
ANSWER:
It is given that in ΔABC, AC = BC
Also, it is given that AB2 = 2AC2
⇒AB2 = AC2 + AC2

T IO S
⇒AB2 = AC2 + BC2 (It is given that AC = BC)

I
NO A D
CO N
This is a condition for the Pythagoras theorem.
A
Therefore, ΔABC is a right angled triangle, where AB is the hypotenuse

PY
DO U A
and AC and BC are the other sides.
T
⇒ ∠C = 90°
ED PR

Hence, correct answer is option (c).

C
©

Page No 7.133:
Question 30: ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle in which ∠C = 90. If AC = 6
cm, then AB =
(a) 6√2 cm
(b) 6 cm
(c) 2√6 cm
(d) 4√2 cm
ANSWER:
Given: In an isosceles ΔABC, ∠C = 90°, AC = 6 cm.
To find: AB
In an isosceles ΔABC, ∠C = 90°.
Therefore, BC = AC = 6 cm

T IO S I
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we get
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
A
𝐴𝐵2 = 62 + 62 (AC = BC, sides of isosceles triangle)

PY
DO U A

𝐴𝐵2 = 36 + 36
T
ED PR

𝐴𝐵2 = 72
C

𝐴𝐵 = 6√2 cm
©

We got the result as (a).

Page No 7.134:
Question 31: If in two triangle ABC and DEF, ∠A = ∠E, ∠B = ∠F, then
which of the following is not true?
BC AC
(a) =
DF DE
AB BC
(b) =
DE DF
AB AC
(c) =
EF DE
BC AB
(d) =
DF EF

ANSWER:
In ΔABC and ΔDEF

T IO S
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐸

I
NO A D
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐹

CO N
A
∴ ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles.

PY
DO U A
AB BC CA
Hence = =
EF FD DE
T
ED PR

Hence the correct answer is (b).

C

Page No 7.134:
©

Question 32: In the given figure the measure of ∠D and ∠F are

respectively
(a) 50°, 40°
(b) 20°, 30°
(c) 40°, 50°
(d) 30°, 20°
ANSWER:

T IO S
ΔABC and ΔDEF,

I
NO A D
CO N
AB EF
=
A
AC ED

PY
∠A = ∠E = 130°
DO U A
T
ED PR

ΔABC ~ ΔEFD (SAS Similarity)

∴ ∠𝐹 = ∠𝐵 = 30°
C

∠𝐷 = ∠𝐶 = 20°
©

Hence the correct answer is (b)

Page No 7.134:
Question 33: In the given figure, the value of x for which DE || AB is
 T IO S I
(a) 4
NO A D
CO N
(b) 1
A
(c) 3

PY
(d) 2
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

Given: In ∆ABC, DE || AB.

C

To find: the value of x

©

According to basic proportionality theorem if a line is drawn parallel to

one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then it divides the
two sides in the same ratio.
In ∆ABC, DE || AB
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
𝑥+3 𝑥
=
3𝑥+19 3𝑥+4

(𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 + 4) = (𝑥 )(3𝑥 + 19)

3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 12 = 3𝑥 2 + 19𝑥
19𝑥 − 13𝑥 = 12
 6𝑥 = 12
x=2
Hence we got the result (d).

Page No 7.134:
Question 34: In the given figure, if ∠ADE = ∠ABC, then CE =

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(a) 2
C

(b) 5
©

9
(c)
2
(d) 3
ANSWER:
Given: ∠ADE = ∠ABC
To find: The value of CE

Since ∠ADE = ∠ABC

∴ DE || BC
(Two lines are parallel if the corresponding angles formed are equal)
According to basic proportionality theorem if a line is parallel to one side
of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then it divides the two sides
in the same ratio.
In ∆ABC, DE || BC
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
2 3
=
3 𝐸𝐶
3×3

T IO S
EC =
2

I
9
EC =
NO A D
CO N
2
A
Hence we got the result (c).

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 7.134:
ED PR

Question 35: In the given figure, RS || DB || PQ. If CP = PD = 11 cm and

C

DR = RA = 3 cm. Then the values of x and y are respectively.

©
(a) 12, 10
(b) 14, 6
(c) 10, 7
(d) 16, 8
ANSWER:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Given: RS || DB || PQ. CP = PD = 11cm and DR = RA = 3cm

To find: the value of x and y respectively.
In ΔASR and ΔABD,
∠ASR = ∠ABQ (Corresponding angles)
∠A = ∠A (Common)
∴ΔASR ~ΔABD (AA Similarity)
𝐴𝑅 𝐴𝑆 𝑅𝑆
= =
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵
3 𝑅𝑆
=
6 𝐷𝐵
 1 𝑥
=
2 𝑦

𝑥 = 2𝑦
This relation is satisfied by option (d).
Hence, x = 16 cm and y = 8cm
Hence the result is (d).

T IO S
Page No 7.135:

I
AD
NO A D
Question 36: In the given figure, if PB || CF and DP || EF, then =

CO N
DE
A
3
(a)
4

PY
1
DO U A
(b)
3
1
T
(c)
ED PR

4
2
(d)
3
C
©

ANSWER:
Given: PB||CF and DP||EF. AB = 2 cm and AC = 8 cm.
To find: AD: DE
According to BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM, if a line is
drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides,
then it divides the two sides in the same ratio.
In ∆ACF, PB || CF.
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝑃
=
𝐵𝐶 𝑃𝐹
𝐴𝑃 2
=
𝑃𝐹 8−2
𝐴𝑃 2

T IO S
=
𝑃𝐹 6

I
𝐴𝑃 1
=
NO A D ..... (1)

CO N
𝑃𝐹 3
A
Again, DP||EF.

PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝑃
=
𝐷𝐸 𝑃𝐹
T
ED PR

𝐴𝐷 1
=
𝐷𝐸 3

Hence we got the result option (b).

C
©

Page No 7.135:
Question 37: A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle
at the centre. The length of the chord (in cm) is

5
(a) 5√2 (b) 10√2 (c) (d) 10√3 [CBSE 2014]
√2

ANSWER:
 T IO S
In right ∆OAB,

I
NO A D
CO N
AB2 = OA2 + OB2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
A
⇒AB2 = (10)2 + (10)2

PY
(OA = OB = 10 cm)
DO U A

⇒AB2 = 100 + 100 = 200

T
ED PR

⇒ AB = √200 = 10√2 cm
Thus, the length of the chord is 10√2 cm.
C
©

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 7.135:
Question 38: A vertical stick 20 m long casts a shadow 10 m long on the
ground. At the same time, a tower casts a shadow 50 m long on the ground.
The height of the tower is
(a) 100 m
(b) 120 m
(c) 25 m
(d) 200 m
ANSWER:
Given: Vertical stick 20m long casts a shadow 10m long on the ground.
At the same time a tower casts the shadow 50 m long on the ground.
To determine: Height of the tower
Let AB be the vertical stick and AC be its shadow. Also, let DE be the
vertical tower and DF be its shadow.
Join BC and EF.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ΔABC and ΔDEF, we have

∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷 = 90°
∠𝐶 = ∠𝐹
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
We know that in any two similar triangles, the corresponding sides are
proportional. Hence,
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
= ‘
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹
20 10
=
𝐷𝐸 50

DE = 100 m
Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Page No 7.135:
Question 39: Two isosceles triangles have equal angles and their areas
are in the ratio 16: 25. The ratio of their corresponding heights is
(a) 4 : 5
(b) 5 : 4
(c) 3 : 2

T IO S
(d) 5 : 7

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
Given: Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their areas

PY
are in the ratio of 16:25.
DO U A

To find: Ratio of their corresponding heights.

T
ED PR
C
©

Let ∆ABC and ∆PQR be two isosceles triangles such

that ∠A=∠P∠A=∠P. Suppose AD ⊥ BC and PS ⊥ QR .

In ∆ABC and ∆PQR,

AB AC
=
PQ PR

∠A = ∠P
∴ ΔABC ~ ΔPQR (SAS similarity)
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding altitudes.
Hence,

Ar(ΔABC) AD 2
=( )
Ar(ΔPQR) PS

16 AD 2
⇒ =( )

T IO S
25 PS

I
AD 4
⇒ =
PS
NO A D5

CO N
A
Hence we got the result as (a)

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 7.135:
ED PR

Question 40: ∆ABC is such that AB = 3 cm, BC = 2 cm and CA = 2.5

cm. If ∆DEF ∼ ∆ABC and EF = 4 cm, then perimeter of ∆DEF is
C

(a) 7.5 cm
©

(b) 15 cm
(c) 22.5 cm
(d) 30 cm
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, AB = 3cm, BC = 2cm, CA = 2.5cm. and
EF = 4cm.
To find: Perimeter of ΔDEF.
We know that if two triangles are similar, then their sides are proportional
Since ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar,
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
= =
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐷
3 2 2.5
= =
𝐷𝐸 4 𝐹𝐷
3 2
=
𝐷𝐸 4

DE = 6 cm … (1)
2 2.5
=
4 𝐹𝐷

T IO S
FD = 5 cm …. (2)

I
From (1) and (2), we get
NO A D
CO N
A
Perimeter of ΔDEF = DE + EF + FD = 6 + 4 +5 = 15 cm

PY
DO U A
Hence the correct answer is (b).
T
ED PR

Page No 7.136:
Question 41: In ∆ABC, a line XY parallel to BC cuts AB at X and AC at
C
©

Y. If BY bisects ∠XYC, then

(a) BC = CY
(b) BC = BY
(c) BC ≠ CY
(d) BC ≠ BY
ANSWER:
Given: XY||BC and BY is bisector of ∠∠XYC.
Since XY || BC

T IO S I
So ∠YBC = ∠BYC (Alternate angles)
NO A D
CO N
Now, in triangle BYC two angles are equal. Therefore, the two
A
corresponding sides will be equal.

PY
DO U A
Hence, BC = CY
T
ED PR

Hence option (a) is correct.

C

Page No 7.136:
©

Question 42: In a ∆ABC, ∠A = 90°, AB = 5 cm and AC = 12 cm. If AD

⊥ BC, then AD =
13
(a) cm
2
60
(b) cm
13
13
(c) cm
60
2√15
(d) cm
13

ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC ∠A = 90°, AD ⊥ BC AC = 12cm, and AB = 5cm.
To find: AD
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
In ∆ACB and ∆ADC,

PY
DO U A
∠C = ∠C (Common)
T
ED PR

∠A = ∠ADC = 90°

∴ ∆ACB ~ ∆ADC
C

(AA Similarity)
©

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐶
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵×𝐴𝐶
AD =
𝐵𝐶
12×5
AD =
13
60
AD =
13

We got the result as (b).

Page No 7.136:
Question 43: In a ∆ABC, perpendicular AD from A and BC meets BC at
D. If BD = 8 cm, DC = 2 cm and AD = 4 cm, then
(a) ∆ABC is isosceles
(b) ∆ABC is equilateral
(c) AC = 2AB
(d) ∆ABC is right-angled at A
ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, , BD = 8cm, DC = 2 cm and AD = 4cm.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
In ΔADC,
T
ED PR

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 42 + 22
C

𝐴𝐶 2 = 20 …. (1)
©

Similarly, in ΔADB
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷 2
𝐴𝐵2 = 42 + 82
𝐴𝐵2 = 80 …. (2)
Now, In ΔABC

BC2 = (CD+DB)2 = (2+8)2 = (10)2 = 100

and

AB2 + CA2 = 80 + 20 = 100

∴ AB2 + CA2 = BC2
Hence, triangle ABC is right angled at A.
We got the result as (d)

Page No 7.136:
Question 44: In a ∆ABC, point D is on side AB and point E is on side

T IO S
AC, such that BCED is a trapezium. If DE: BC = 3: 5, then Area (∆ ADE):

I
Area (◻BCED) =
NO A D
CO N
(a) 3 : 4
A
(b) 9 : 16

PY
DO U A
(c) 3 : 5
(d) 9 : 25
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: In ΔABC, D is on side AB and point E is on side AC, such that
C

BCED is a trapezium. DE: BC = 3:5.

©

To find: Calculate the ratio of the areas of ΔADE and the trapezium
BCED.
In ΔADE and ΔABC,

∠ADE = ∠B (Corresponding angles)

∠A = ∠A (Common)
∴ ΔADE ~ ΔABC (AA Similarity)
We know that

T IO S
Ar(∆ADE) 𝐷𝐸 2
=

I
Ar(∆ABC) 𝐵𝐶 2

NO A D 32

CO N
Ar(∆ADE)
=
A
Ar(∆ABC) 52

PY
Ar(∆ADE) 9
DO U A
=
Ar(∆ABC) 25
T
ED PR

Let Area of ΔADE = 9x sq. units and Area of ΔABC = 25x sq. units
Ar(trapBCED) = Ar(∆ABC) − Ar(∆ADE)
C

= 25𝑥 − 9𝑥
©

= 16𝑥 sq. units

Now,
Ar(∆ADE) 9𝑥
=
Ar(trapBCED) 16𝑥
Ar(∆ADE) 9
=
Ar(trapBCED) 16

Hence the correct answer is (b).

Page No 7.136:
Question 45: If ABC is an isosceles triangle and D is a point of BC such
that AD ⊥ BC, then
(a) AB2 − AD2 = BD.DC
(b) AB2 − AD2 = BD2 − DC2
(c) AB2 + AD2 = BD.DC
(d) AB2 + AD2 = BD2 − DC2
ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC is an isosceles triangle, D is a point on BC such that
We know that in an isosceles triangle the perpendicular from the vertex
bisects the base.

T IO S
∴ BD = DC

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABD

AB2 = AD2 + BD2
⇒ AB2 – AD2 = BD2
⇒ AB2 – AD2 = BD × BD
Since BD = DC
⇒ AB2 – AD2 = BD × BD
Hence correct answer is (a).
 Page No 7.136:
Question 46: ∆ABC is a right triangle right-angled at A and AD ⊥ BC.
𝐵𝐷
Then, =
𝐷𝐶

𝐴𝐵 2
(a) ( )
𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵
(b)
𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 2
(c) ( )
𝐴𝐷

T IO S
𝐴𝐵
(d)

I
𝐴𝐷

ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
Given: In ΔABC, ∠𝐴 = 90° and AD ⊥ BC.

PY
DO U A
To find: BD: DC
T
ED PR
C
©

∠CAD + ∠BAD = 90° .... (1)

∠BAD + ∠ABD = 90° .... (2) (∠ADB=90°)
From (1) and (2),
∠CAD = ∠ABD
In ΔADB and ΔADC,
∠ADB = ∠ADC (90° each)
∠ABD = ∠CAD (Proved)
∴ ΔADB ~ ΔADC (AA Similarity)
𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷
⇒ = = (Corresponding sides are proportional)
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷

T IO S
Disclaimer: The question is not correct. The given ratio cannot be
evaluated using the given conditions in the question.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 7.136:

PY
DO U A
Question 47: If E is a point on side CA of an equilateral triangle ABC
T
such that BE ⊥ CA, then AB2 + BC2 + CA2 =
ED PR

(a) 2 BE2
(b) 3 BE2
C

(c) 4 BE2
©

(d) 6 BE2
ANSWER:
In triangle ABC, E is a point on AC such that BE ⊥ CA.
We need to find AB2 + BC2 + CA2 .
 𝐴𝐶

T IO S
Since BE ⊥ CA, CE = AE =
2

I
NO A D
(In a equilateral triangle, the perpendicular from the vertex bisects the

CO N
base.)
A
In triangle ABE, we have

PY
DO U A

AB2 + BC2 + CA2

T
ED PR

Since AB = BC = AC
Therefore, AB2 = BC2 = AC2 = BE2 + AE2
C
©

⇒ AB2 + BC2 + AC2 = 3BE2 + 3AE2

√3
Since in triangle BE is an altitude, so BE = AB
2

√3
BE = AB
2
√3
= × AC
2

√3
= × 2AE = √3 AE
2

2 2 2 2 𝐵𝐸 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴𝐶 = 3𝐵𝐸 + 3 ( )
√3

= 3𝐵𝐸 2 + 𝐵𝐸 2 = 4𝐵𝐸 2
Hence option (c) is correct.
 Page No 7.136:
Question 48: In a right triangle ABC right-angled at B, if P and Q are
points on the sides AB and AC respectively, then

(a) AQ2 + CP2 = 2(AC2 + PQ2)

(b) 2(AQ2 + CP2) = AC2 + PQ2
(c) AQ2 + CP2 = AC2 + PQ2
1
(d) AQ + CP = (AC + PQ)
2

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Disclaimer: There is mistake in the problem. The question should be "In

CO N
a right triangle ABC right-angled at B, if P and Q are points on the sides
A
AB and BC respectively, then"

PY
DO U A
Given: In the right ΔABC, right angled at B. P and Q are points on the
T
ED PR

sides AB and BC respectively.

C
©

Applying Pythagoras theorem,

In ΔAQB,
AQ2 = AB2 + BQ2 .... (1)
In ΔPBC
CP2 = PB2 + BC2 .... (2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get

AQ2 + CP2 = AB2 + BQ2 + PB2 + BC2 .....(3)

In ΔABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 .... (1)

In ΔPBQ,

T IO S I
PQ2 = PB2 + BQ2 .....(5)
NO A D
CO N
A
From (3), (4) and (5), we get

PY
DO U A

AQ2 + CP2 = AC2 + PQ2

T
ED PR

We got the result as (c).

C
©

Page No 7.136:
Question 49: If ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF such that DE = 3 cm, EF = 2 cm, DF =
2.5 cm, BC = 4 cm, then perimeter of ∆ABC is
(a) 18 cm
(b) 20 cm
(c) 12 cm
(d) 15 cm
ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar triangles such that DE = 3cm, EF =
2cm, DF = 2.5cm and BC = 4cm.
To find: Perimeter of ΔABC.
We know that if two triangles are similar then their corresponding sides
are proportional.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
Hence, = =
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐷

Substituting the values, we get

𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐸
=
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹
𝐴𝐵 3
=
4 2

T IO S
AB = 6 cm … (1)

I
NO A D
Similarly,

CO N
A
𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐸
=
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹

PY
DO U A
𝐶𝐴 2.5
=
T
4 2
ED PR

CA = 5 cm … (2)
Perimeter of ∆ABC = AB + BC + CA
C
©

=6+4+5
= 15 cm
Hence the correct option is (d)

Page No 7.136:
Question 50: If ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF such that AB = 9.1 cm and DE = 6.5 cm.
If the perimeter of ∆DEF is 25 cm, then the perimeter of ∆ABC is
(a) 36 cm
(b) 30 cm
(c) 34 cm
(d) 35 cm
ANSWER:
Given: ΔABC is similar to ΔDEF such that AB= 9.1cm, DE = 6.5cm.
Perimeter of ΔDEF is 25cm.
To find: Perimeter of ΔABC.
We know that the ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles is equal
to the ratio of their perimeters.
Hence,

T IO S
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝑃1
= = =

I
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐷𝐸 𝑃2
𝐴𝐵
NO A D
P(∆ABC)

CO N
=
𝐷𝐸 P(∆DEF)
A
9.1 P(∆ABC)

PY
=
DO U A
6.5 25
T
9.1×25
P(∆ABC) =
ED PR

6.5

P(∆ABC) = 35 cm
C

Hence the correct answer is (d).

©

Page No 7.136:
Question 51: In an isosceles triangle ABC if AC = BC and AB2 = 2AC2,
then ∠C =
(a) 30°
(b) 45°
(c) 90°
(d) 60°
ANSWER:
Given: In Isosceles ΔABC, AC = BC and AB2 = 2AC2.
To find: Measure of angle C
In Isosceles ΔABC,

AC = BC

∠B = ∠A (Equal sides have equal angles opposite to them)

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
𝐴𝐵2 = 2𝐴𝐶 2
ED PR

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2
C

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 (𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 )
©

⇒ ∆ ABC is right angle triangle, with ∠𝐶 = 90°

Hence the correct answer is (c).