Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 1

CHAPTER 1

Real Numbers

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (c) 6

Sol :
(d) 12
[Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

8. 225 can be expressed as

1. The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime-
(a) 5 # 32 (b) 52 # 3
factorisation of 196 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 52 # 32 (d) 53 # 3


Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
(c) 5 (d) 2


Sol : [Board 2022 Term 1 Basic]
9. 2 3 is
(a) an integer (b) a rational number
2. The values of x and y in the given figure are
(a) 7, 13 (b) 13, 7 (c) an irrational number (d) a whole number


Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
(c) 9, 12 (d) 12, 9


Sol : [Board 2022 Term 1 Standard]
10. The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational
number is
3. The total number of factors of prime number is
(a) always irrational (b) always rational
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) rational or irrational (d) one
(c) 2 (d) 3

Sol :


Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]

11. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3 y2

4. The HCF and the LCM of 12, 21, 15 respectively are
and b = xy3 , where x , y are prime numbers, then
(a) 3, 140 (b) 12, 420 HCF ^a, b h is
(c) 3, 420 (d) 420, 3 (a) xy (b) xy2


Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
(c) x3 y3 (d) x2 y2


Sol : [Board Term-1 2014, 2011]
5. The LCM of smallest two digit composite number and
smallest composite number is
12. If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as
(a) 12 (b) 4 p = ab2 and q = a3 b ; where a , b being prime numbers,
(c) 20 (d) 44 then LCM ^p, q h is equal to


Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] (a) ab (b) a2 b2
(c) a3 b2 (d) a3 b3
6. HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162. If

Sol : [Board 2010]

one of the numbers is 54, then the other number is

(a) 36 (b) 35 13. The least number that is divisible by all the numbers
(c) 9 (d) 81 from 1 to 10 (both inclusive)


Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] (a) 10 (b) 100
(c) 504 (d) 2520
7. HCF of 144 and 198 is

Sol : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]

(a) 9 (b) 18
Page 2 Real Numbers Chap 1

14. If p1 and p2 are two odd prime numbers such that 23. Express 225 in prime factorization.
p1 > p2 , then p 12 - p 22 is

Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

(a) an even number (b) an odd number

(c) an odd prime number (d) a prime number 24. HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162.


Sol : If one of the numbers is 54, then what is the other
number ?


Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]

15. The number 313 - 310 is divisible by

(a) 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 10 25. Find the HCF and LCM of 90 and 144 by the method
(c) 2, 3 and 10 (d) 2, 3 and 13 of prime factorization.


Sol :

Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

16. 1. The L.C.M. of x and 18 is 36. 26. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3 y2
and b = xy3 , where x , y are prime numbers, then find
HCF ^a, b h .
2. The H.C.F. of x and 18 is 2.
What is the number x ?

Sol : [Board Term -1 2014]
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 27. What are the values of x and y in the given figure ?


Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]

17. If a = 23 # 3 , b = 2 # 3 # 5 , c = 3n # 5 and
LCM (a, b, c) = 23 # 32 # 5, then n is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4


Sol :


Sol : [Board Term -1 2012]

18. The least number which is a perfect square and is

divisible by each of 16, 20 and 24 is
(a) 240 (b) 1600 28. If HCF(336, 54) = 6 , find LCM(336, 54).


Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
(c) 2400 (d) 3600


Sol :
29. a and b are two positive integers such that the least


ONE MARK QUESTION prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b
is 5. Then calculate the least prime factor of (a + b).


Sol : [Board Term-1 2014]

19. What is the sum of exponents of prime factors in the 30. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number
prime-factorisation of 196 ? and the smallest prime number?


Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2018]

20. Find the HCF and the LCM of 12, 21 and 15. 31. Calculate the HCF of 33 ×5 and 32 ×52 .


Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]

Sol : [Board 2007]

21. Explain why 13233343563715 is a composite number? 32. If HCF (a, b) = 12 and a # b = 1, 800 , then find LCM


Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
(a, b).


Sol : [Board 2010]

22. Find the LCM of smallest two digit composite number

and smallest composite number. 33. Find the smallest natural number by which 1200


Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
should be multiplied so that the square root of the
product is a rational number.


Sol : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 3

34. Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as 42. Check whether 4n can end with the digit 0 for any
their LCM? Give reasons. natural number n .


Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

35. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers 43. Show that 5 6 is an irrational number.
between 1 and 10 (both inclusive).

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]


Sol : [Board 2010]

36. Find HCF of the numbers given below: 44. Write a rational number between 2 and 3.


Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]


Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

37. Complete the following factor tree and find the 45. Show that 571 is a prime number.
composite number x .

Sol :


Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

46. If two positive integers p and q are written as p = a2 b3

TWO MARKS QUESTION and q = a3 b, where a and b are prime numbers than
verify LCM (p, q) # HCF (q, q) = pq


Sol : [Sample Paper 2017]

38. Explain why (7 # 13 # 11) + 11 and

(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1) + 3 are composite 47. Prove that 3 + 5 is an irrational number.
numbers.

Sol : [Board 2010]

Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

48. Show that any positive even integer can be written in

39. Explain whether 3 # 12 # 101 + 4 is a prime number the form 6q, 6q + 2 or 6q + 4, where q is an integer.
or a composite number.

Sol : [Board Term1, 2016]


Sol : [Board Term-1 2017]

THREE MARKS QUESTION

40. Given that HCF (306, 1314) = 18. Find LCM
(306, 1314)


Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
49. Given that 5 is irrational, prove that 2 5 - 3 is an
irrational number.
41. Complete the following factor tree and find the

Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
composite number x .

50. Given that 2 is irrational, prove that (5 + 3 2 ) is

an irrational number.


Sol : [Board 2018]

51. Write the smallest number which is divisible by both

306 and 657.


Sol : [Board 2019 OD]

52. 144 cartons of Coke cans and 90 cartons of Pepsi cans

are to be stacked in a canteen. If each stack is of
the same height and if it equal contain cartons of the
same drink, what would be the greatest number of
cartons each stack would have?


Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015, 2014]

Page 4 Real Numbers Chap 1

53. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes

COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTION
respectively. If they start tolling together, after what
time will they next toll together?


Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
63. You have a piece of construction paper that measures
32 cm by 48 cm. You want to cut it into squares of
54. Find HCF and LCM of 16 and 36 by prime factorization equal size.
and check your answer.


Sol : [Board 2009] (i) What will be the dimensions of the largest possible
square?
(ii) How many squares will you have?
55. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m
50 cm, 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find
the length of the longest rod that can measure the
dimensions of the room exactly.


Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]

FIVE MARKS QUESTION

56. If p is prime number, then prove that p is an

irrational.


Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]

57. Prove that 3 is an irrational number.

Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]

58. Prove that 5 is an irrational number and hence

show that 2 - 5 is also an irrational number. 64. When the marbles in a bag are divided evenly between


Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
two friends, there is one marble left over. When the
same marbles are divided evenly among three friends,
59. Find HCF and LCM of 378, 180 and 420 by prime there is one marble left over. When the marbles are
factorization method. Is HCF × LCM of these numbers divided evenly among five friends, there is one marble
equal to the product of the given three numbers? left over.


Sol : [Board 2009]
(i) What is the least possible number of marbles in
the bag?
60. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM (ii) What is another possible number of marbles in
of numbers 2520 and 10530 by prime factorization. the bag?


Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]

61. Can the number 6n , n being a natural number, end

with the digit 5 ? Give reasons.


Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

62. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Is it

possible that HCF and LCM of two numbers be 24
and 540 respectively. Justify your answer.


Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 5

65. An online shopping website sells 10 types of items

which are packed into various sizes of cartons which
are given below.

Carton type Inner Dimensions (L # W)cm2

Sol :
Small 6 # 8
Medium 12 # 24 67. Last year my grand mother was admitted to Fortis
Large 24 # 36 hospital due to a small accident. She was prescribed
Extra large 36 # 48 a pain medication to be given every 4 hr and an
antibiotic to be given every 5 hr. Bandages applied
XXL 48 # 96 to the my grand mother’s external injuries needed
The company places supporting thermocol sheets changing every 12 hr. The nurse changed the bandages
inside every package along the edges. The company and gave my grand mother both medications at 6:00
thought of procuring same sized sheets for all types AM Monday morning.
of cartons. (i) How many hours will pass before the grand mother
(i) What should be the maximum size of the sheet is given both medications and has her bandages
that fits into all type of cartons? changed at the same time?
(ii) How many such sheet sizes are possible? (ii) What day and time will this be?
(iii) The company later introduced a new size of carton
called semi large whose measurements are 14 #
15. Whether the existing maximum size sheet fits
this shape?
(iv) What should have been the size of the semi large
carton (which is larger than medium carton but
smaller than large carton) so that the maximum
sized sheet remains same?

68. Tina has 39 pairs of headphones and 13 music players.

Tina wants to sell all of the headphones and music
players in identical packages. What is the greatest
number of packages Tina can make?

66. Two oil tankers contain 825 litres and 675 litres of
kerosene oil respectively.
(i) Find the maximum capacity of a container which
can measure the kerosene oil of both the tankers
when used an exact number of times.
(ii) How many times we have to use container for
both tanker to fill ?
69. Taniya have 54 football cards, 72 volleyball cards, and
63 basketball cards and she want to put them in a
binder. Each page of the binder should have cards
Page 6 Real Numbers Chap 1

from a single sport, and there should be the same 72. Four satellites revolve around the earth once every
number of cards on each page. 6, 8, 10, and 15 hr, respectively. If the satellites are
(i) What is the greatest number of cards, Taniya can initially lined up, how many hours must pass before
put on a page? they will again be lined up?
(ii) How many pages will Taniya need for each sport?

70. A tile floor is to be made from 10 inch, 12 inch, and 15

inch square tiles. A design is made by alternating rows 73. Mercury, Venus, and Earth revolve around the Sun
with different size tiles. The first row uses only 10 inch approximately once every 3 months, 7 months, and
tiles, the second row uses only 12 inch tiles, and the 12 months, respectively. If the planets begin lined up,
third row uses only 15 inch tiles. Neglecting the grout what is the minimum number of months required for
seams, what is the shortest length of floor space that them to be aligned again? (Assume that the planets
can be covered evenly by each row? lie roughly in the same plane.)

71. In a morning walk, three persons step off together.

Their steps measure 75 cm, 80 cm and 90 cm

Sol :
respectively. What is the minimum distance each
should walk so that all can cover the same distance in
74. The traffic lights at three different road crossings
complete steps?
change after every 48 seconds, 72 seconds and 108
seconds respectively. If they change simultaneously at
7 AM, at what time will they change simultaneously
again?

Sol :
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 7

75. Lina is preparing dinner plates. She has 12 pieces of 78. Shalvi is a tuition teacher and teaches mathematics
chicken and 16 rolls. If she wants to make all the to some kids at her home. She is very innovative and
plates identical without any food left over, what is the always plan new games to make her students learn
greatest number of plates Lina can prepare ? concepts.

76. At a train station, the blue line has a train leaving

every 15 minutes, the green line has a train leaving
every 24 minutes, and the red line every 10 minutes. If
the first train on each line leaves at the same time, how Today, she has planned a prime number game. She
often will there be trains on all three lines departing announce the number 2 in her class and asked the
the train station at the same time? first student to multiply it by a prime number and
then pass it to second student. Second student also
multiplied it by a prime number and passed it to third
student. In this way by multiplying to a prime number
the last student got 173250. He told this number to
Shalvi in class. Now she asked some questions to the
students as given below.
(i) How many students are in the class?
(ii) What is the highest prime number used by
student?
(iii) What is the least prime number used by students ?
(iv) Which prime number has been used maximum
times ?
(v) Which prime number has been used minimum
times ?
77. Jasmin is completing an art project. She has two pieces

Sol :
of construction paper. The first piece is 44 centimeters
wide and the second piece is 33 centimeters wide.
Jasmin wants to cut the paper into strips that are 79. Amar, Akbar and Anthony are playing a game. Amar
equal in width and are as wide as possible. How wide climbs 5 stairs and gets down 2 stairs in one turn.
should Jasmin cut each strip? Akbar goes up by 7 stairs and comes down by 2 stairs
every time. Anthony goes 10 stairs up and 3 stairs
down each time.
Page 8 Real Numbers Chap 1

(i) Who reaches the nearest point? (iii) Lavanya decide to add 42 mangoes also. In this
(ii) How many times can they meet in between on case how many maximum guests Lavanya can
same stair ? invite ?
(iii) Who takes least number of steps to reach near (iv) How many total fruits will each guest get?
hundred? (v) If Lavanya decide to add 3 more mangoes and
(iv) What is the first stair where any two out of three remove 6 apple in total fruits, in this case how
will meet together? many maximum guests Lavanya can invite ?


Sol :
(v) What is the second stair where any two out of
three will meet together?


Sol : 81. The Republic Day parade, first held in 1950, has
been a yearly ritual since. The parade marches from
80. Lavanya wants to organize her birthday party. She the Rashtrapati Bhawan along the Rajpath in New
is very happy on her birthday. She is very health Delhi. Several regiments of the army, navy, and air
conscious, thus she decided to serve fruits only in her force, along with their bands, march to India Gate.
birthday party. The parade is presided over by the President of India,
who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed
Forces. As he unfurls the tricolour, the national anthem
is played. The regiments of the Armed Forces then
start their march past. Prestigious awards like Kirti
Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Paramvir Chakra and Vir
Chakra are given out by the President. Nine to twelve
different regiments of the Indian Army, in addition
to the Navy and Air Force march toward India Gate
along with their bands. Contingents of paramilitary
forces and other civil forces also participate in the
parade.

She has 36 apples and 60 bananas at home and decided

to serve them. She wants to distribute fruits among
guests. She does not want to discriminate among
guests, so she decided to distribute fruits equally
among all.

On 71th republic day parade, captain RS Meel is

planing for parade of following two group:
(a) First group of Army troops of 624 members
behind an army band of 32 members.
(b) Second group of CRPF troops with 468 soldiers
behind the 228 members of bikers.
These two groups are to march in the same number
of columns. This sequence of soldiers is followed by
different states Jhanki which are showing the culture
of the respective states.
(i) What is the maximum number of columns in
(i) How many maximum guests Lavanya can invite? which the army troop can march?
(ii) How many apples and bananas will each guest (ii) What is the maximum number of columns in
get? which the CRPF troop can march?
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 9

(iii) What is the maximum number of columns in sixes etc. Mahesh want to arrange chairs in such a way
which total army troop and CRPF troop together that there are no chair left after arrangement.
can march past?
(iv) What should be subtracted with the numbers of
CRPF soldiers and the number of bikers so that
their maximum number of column is equal to the
maximum number of column of army troop?
(v) What should be added with the numbers of
CRPF soldiers and the number of bikers so that
their maximum number of column is equal to the
maximum number of column of army troop?


Sol :

When Mahesh arranges chairs in such pattern like in

82. Ashish supplies bread and jams to a hospital and a
2’s, 3’s, 4’s 5’s and 6’s then 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 chairs are
school. Bread and jam are supplied in equal number
left respectively. But when he arranges in 11’s, no
of pieces. Bread comes in a packet of 8 pieces and Jam
chair will be left.
comes in a pack of 6 pieces.
(i) In the hall, how many chairs are available?
(ii) If one chair is removed, which arrangement is
possible now?
(iii) If one chair is added to the total number of chairs,
how many chairs will be left when arranged in
11’s.
(iv) How many chairs will be left in original arrangement
On a particular day, Ashish has supplied x packets if same number of chairs are arranged in 7’s?
of bread and y packets of jam to the school. On the (v) How many chairs will be left in original
same day, Ashish has supplied 3x packets of bread arrangement if same number of chairs will be
along with sufficient packets of jam to hospital. It is arranged in 9’s?
known that the number of students in the school are

Sol :
between 500 and 550.
(i) How many students are there in school?
(ii) How many packets of bread are supplied in the
school?
(iii) How many packets of jams are supplied in the
school?
(iv) How many packets of bread are supplied in the
hospital?
(v) How many packets of jams are supplied in the
hospital?


Sol :

83. Mahesh works as a manager in a hotel. He has to

arrange chairs in hall for a function. The hall has a
certain number of chairs. Guests want to sit in different
groups like in pairs, triplets, quadruplets, fives and