8 Vectors

If A = B , then AX=BX, AV=BV and AZ=BZ or MS If A . B x C = 0 , then A.B and C are coplanar.

MS If angle between A and B is 45°, then A. B = | A x B |

jsS If Aj H-Ag +A 3 + +A,, =6 and A: = A2 = A3 =...... = An

= C o r i f A +B+C= , then A, B and C lie in
then the adjacent vector are inclined to each other at angle
one plane. 2ar/n.
jeS If A x B = C , then C is perpendicular to A as well as B .
MS If A + B = C and A 2 + B 2 = C2 , then the angle between
MS If | A + B | = | A - B |, then angle between A and Bis 90°. A and B is 90°.

D
jg$ Resultant of two vectors will be maximum when 0=0° i.e.
vectors are parallel.

Hmax = P 2 + Q

Thus, maximum value of the resultant of two vectors is equal to

the sum of their magnitude.
Fundamentals of Vectors
jeS Resultant of two vectors will be minimum when 0 = 180°
The vector projection of a vector 3i + 4fc on y-axis is
i.e. vectors are anti-parallel. [RPMT 2004]
(a) 5 (b) 4
(c) 3 /ero
Thus, minimum value of the resultant of two vectors is equal to Position of a particle in a rectangular-co-ordinate system is
the difference of their magnitude. (3, 2, 5). Then its position vector will be

jeS When the magnitudes of two vectors are unequal, then (a) 3i + 5

[v|PMQIl (c) 5i + 3] + 2k None of these

Which of the following statement io true [J & K CET 2006]
Thus, two vectors P and Q having different magnitudes can (a) When -the coordinate axes are translated the
never be combined to give zero resultant. From here, we component of a vector in a plane changes
conclude that the minimum number of vectors of unequal (b) When the coordinate axes are rotated through some
magnitude whose resultant can be zero is three. On the other angle components of the vector change but the vector's
hand, the minimum number of vectors of equal magnitude magnitude remains constant.
whose resultant can be zero is two. (c) Sum of a and b is R. If the magnitude of a alone is

jeS Angle between two vectors A and B is given by increased angle between b and R decreases.
(d) The cross product of 3i and 4; is 12.
(A.B) |A x B |
cos 6 - ——=- and tan Q - „ ^ A force of 5 N acts on a particle along a direction making an
A.B angle of 60° with vertical. Its vertical component will be
(a) ION (b) 3N
MS Projection of a vector A in the direction of vector B
(c) 4 N (d) 2.5 N
A.B" A is a vector with magnitude A, then the unit vector A in
the direction of A is [J & K CET 2008]
(a) AA (b) A.A
MS Projection of a vector B in the direction of vector A
(c) A x A (d) A/A
A.B
Vector A makes equal angles with x, y and z axis. Value of
its components (in terms of magnitude of A ) will be
MS The vectors i + j + k is equally inclined to the coordinate (a) —=
A IM
(b) —pr
A
/Q /O
axes at an angle of 54.74 degrees. V-J V^

MS If A ± B = C,then A . B x C = (c) V3A

7. If A = 2i + 4j - 5k the direction of cosines of the vector A 16. A vector is represented by 3 i + j + 2/c. Its length in XY
are plane is [EAMCET (Engg.) 1994]
2 4 ,- 5 1 2 -3 (a) 2 (b) Vl4
(a) and - (b) and
V45 V45
(c) VlO (d) V5
4 4 5
(c) r,0and- (d) rand 17. Five equal forces of 10 N each are applied at one point and
V45 V45 V45 V45 V45
all are lying in one plane. If the angles between them are
8. The vector that must be added to the vector i - 3 j + 2k and equal, the resultant force will be [CBSE PMT 1995]
3i + 6; - Ik so that the resultant vector is a unit vector (a) Zero (b) ION
along the y-axis is (c) 20 N (d) 10V2N
(a) 4i + 2j + 5fc (b) - 4 i - 2 J + 5k
18. The angle made by the vector A = i + j with x- axis is
(c) 3i+4] + 5k (d) Null vector [EAMCET (Engg.) 1999; Similar WB-JEE 2008]
9. Two persons A and B are located in X-Y plane at the points (a; 90° (b) 45°
(0,0) and (0, 10), respectively. (The distances are measured
(c) 22.5° (d) 30°
in MKS units). At a time t= 0, they start moving
19. Any vector in an arbitrary direction can always be replaced
simultaneously with velocities VA = 2j ms~l and
by two (or three)
VB -2ims~ 1 , respectively. The time after which A and B (a) Parallel vectors which have the original vector as their
are at their closest distance is [EAMCET 2009] resultant
(a) 2.5s (b) 4s (b) Mutually perpendicular vectors which have the original
, „ 10 vector as their resultant
(c) Is (d) -=s
V2 (c) Arbitrary vectors which have the original vector as their
10. A hall has the dimensions 10mxl2mxl4m. A fly starting resultant
at one corner ends up at a diagonally opposite corner. What (d) It is not possible to resolve a vector
is the magnitude of its displacement 20. Angular momentum is [MNR 1986, 87: MP PMT 1986;
(a) 17m (b) 26m CBSE PMT 1993; DPMT 2000; CPMT 2002, 03]
(c) 36 m (d) 21 m (a) A scalar (b) A polar vector
11. 100 coplanar forces each equal to 10 N act on a body. Each
(c) An axial vector (d) None of these
force makes angle jt750 with the preceding force. What is
the resultant of the forces 21. The position vector of a particle is determined by the
(a) 1000N (b) SOON expression f = 3t2i + 4t 2 j + 7k
(c) 250 N (d) Zero The distance traversed in first 10 sec is [DPMT 2002]
12. A particle starting from the origin (0, 0) moves in a straight
(a) 500m (b) 300m
line in the (x,y) plane. Its coordinates at a later time are
(c) 150m (d) 100m
(V3,3) • The path of the particle makes with the x-axis an
22. If P = Q then which of the following is NOT correct
angle of [CBSE PMT 2007; AIIMS 2007]
(a) 30° (b) 45° (a) P =Q (b) |P|=|Q|
(c) 60° (d) 0° (c) PQ = QP (d)
13. The component of vector A = 2i + 3j along the vector
23. The position vector of a particle is r = (a cos cot)i + (a sin cat)} .
i + ) is [KCET1997] The velocity of the particle is [CBSE PMT 1995]
(a) (b) (a) Parallel to the position vector
V2 (b) Perpendicular to the position vector
(c) 5>/2 (d) 5 (c) Directed towards the origin
14. Given vector A = 2i + 3j, the angle between A and y-axis is (d) Directed away from the origin
[CPMT 1993] 24. Which of the following is a scalar quantity [AFMC 1998]
(a) tan' 1 3/2 (b) tan'1 2/3 (a) Displacement (b) Electric field
(c) Acceleration (d) Work
(c) sin" 1 2/3 (d) cos"1 2 / 3
15. The unit vector along i + j is 25. If a unit vector is represented by 0.5i + 0.8 j + c/c , then the
value of 'c' is [EAMCET 1994; CBSE PMT 1999]
(a) k (b) i + j
(a) 1 (b) VoTT
(c)
i+j (d)
(c) VOOI (d) VO39
 UNIVERSAL
10 Vectors
26. A boy walks uniformally along the sides of a rectangular 4. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, then
park of size 400 mx 300 m, starting from one corner to the magnitude of difference is [CBSE PMT 1989; CPMT 1995]
other corner diagonally opposite. Which of the following
(a) V2 (b) V3
statement is incorrect [HP PMT 1999]
(a) He has travelled a distance of 700 m (c) 1/V2 (d) V5
(b) His displacement is 700 m 5. Three forces acting on a body are shown in the figure. To
have the resultant force only along the y-direction, the
(c) His displacement is 500 m magnitude of the minimum additional force needed is
(d) His velocity is not uniform throughout the walk 4N yA [CBSE PMT 2008]
27. The unit vector parallel to the resultant of the vectors ft \N
,a) f N
A = 4i + 3; + 6k and B = -i + 3 j - 8k is
[EAMCET 2000; Similar BHU 1995] (b) V3N
(a) ^(3i+6j-2/c) (b) ( (c) 0.5N
(d) 1.5 N 2N
J_ 6. An object of m kg with speed of v m/s strikes a wall at an
(c)
49
(3i+6j-2/c)
*» i< angle 6 and rebounds at the same speed and same angle.
28. Surface area is [J & K CET 2002] The magnitude of the change in momentum of the object
will be
(a) Scalar (b) Vector
(a) 2m v cos B
(c) Neither scalar nor vector (d) Both scalar and vector
(b) 2 m u s i n 6 >
29. With respect to a rectangular cartesian coordinate system,
three vectors are expressed as (c) 0
(d) 2mu
a = 4i - j , b = -3i + 2j and c = -k
7. Two forces, each of magnitude F have a resultant of the
where i,;,kare unit vectors, along the X, Y and Z-axis same magnitude F. The angle between the two forces is
respectively. The unit vectors f along the direction of sum of [CBSE PMT 1990]
these vector is [Kerala CET (Engg.) 2003] (a) 45° (b) 120°
(c) 150° (d) 60°
(a) (b) f=-(i
8. Two equal forces (P each) act at a point inclined to each
other at an angle of 120°. The magnitude of their resultant is
[Karnataka CET 2004]
3 ' V2 ' + ; + (a) P/2 (b) P/4
(c) P (d) 2P
Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
9. Two forces of 12 N and 8 N act upon a body. The resultant
There are two force vectors, one of 5 N and other of 12 N. force on the body has maximum value of
At what angle the two vectors be added to get resultant [Manipal 2003; RPMT 2005; Similar CPMT 1979]
vector of 17 N, 7 N and 13 N respectively (a) 4 N (b) ON
(a) 0°, 180° and 90° (b) 0°, 90° and 180° (c) 20 N (d) 8N
(c) 0°, 90° and 90° (d) 180°, 0° and 90° 10. Two vectors A and Blie in a plane, another vector Clies
outside this plane, then the resultant of these three vectors
If A = 4i - 3j and B - 6i + Sj then magnitude and
i.e.,A + B + C [CPMT 1983]
direction of A + B will be [Similar BHU 2000]
(a) Can be zero
(a) 5, tan'1 (3/4) (b) 5 Vs, tan'1 (I/2) (b) Cannot be zero

(c) 10, tan ^(5) (d) 25, tan ^(3/4) (c) Lies in the plane containing A + B

A truck travelling due north at 20 m/s turns west and travels (d) Lies in the plane containing C
at the same speed. The change in its velocity be 11. Two equal forces are acting at a point with an angle of 60°
[UPSEAT 1999; Orissa JEE 2011] between them. If the resultant force is equal to 40V3N , the
magnitude of each force is [Kerala PMT 2007]
(a) 40 m/s N-W (b) 20V2 m/s N-W
(a) 40 N (b) 20 N
(c) 40 m/s S-W (d) 20V2 m/s S-W (c) SON (d) SON