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Fabric Finishing Process
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The fabric finishing process refers to the treatment to improve the appearance and feel,
enhance the performance or give special function. To be more specific, it is a technical
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treatment method that gives fabrics color effects, morphological effects (bright and clean,
suede, crisp, etc.), and actual effects (impermeable, non-felting, non-ironing, non-moth,
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flame resistance, etc.).
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Finishing process methods can be divided into physical/mechanical finishing and chemical
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finishing. According to the purpose, it can be classified into basic finishing, appearance
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finishing, and functional finishing.
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Purpose of Finishing:
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Making textiles uniform in width and stable in size and shape
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Improving the appearance of textiles
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Improving the touch feeling of textiles: such as softness, stiffness, weight gain, etc
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Improving the durability of textiles: such as anti-moth, anti-mold, and so on
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Giving textiles special properties: such as flame-retardant, anti-bacterial, water-proof,
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oil-repellent, anti-ultraviolet, and anti-static
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Finishing Processes:
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1 Pre-shrinking
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Pre-shrinking is a process that uses physical methods to reduce the shrinkage rate of fabrics.
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[Link]
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2 Stenter
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Stenter takes advantage of the plasticity of cellulose, silk, wool, and other fibers under humid
conditions. The width of the fabric is gradually expanded to a specified size and dry it to
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stabilize the shape of the fabric. It is also called fixed-width finishing.
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3 Coating
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Coating refers to the finishing process in which the fabric is dipped into the solution and
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dried to obtain a thick and stiff texture. Our stiffening agent is suitable for this application.
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For more information, please visit our website [Link].
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4 Heat Setting
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Heat setting is a process that makes the morphology of thermoplastic fibers and blended or
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interwoven fabrics relatively stable. It is mainly used for the processing of synthetic fibers
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such as nylon or polyester, which are easy to shrink and deform after being heated. The
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heat-set fabric has better dimensional stability and a more stiff hand feel.
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5 Whitening
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Whitening is the process of increasing the whiteness of textiles by using the principle of light
complementary colors. There are two kinds of whitening methods: blue and fluorescent
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whitening.
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[Link]
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6 Calendering
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Calendering is a process that uses the plasticity of the fiber under humid and hot conditions
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to flatten the surface of the fabric or roll out parallel fine twills to enhance the luster of the
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fabric. Flat calendering consists of hard rolls and soft rolls. After the fabric is rolled, the yarn
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is flattened with a smooth surface, a bright luster, and stiff hand feels. Soft calendering
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consists of two soft rolls forming a soft nip point. After the fabric is pressed, the yarn is
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slightly flat, with a soft luster and a soft hand.
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Electro-optical is the use of electrically heated rollers to calender the fabric.
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Embossing is composed of steel rolls and soft rolls engraved with positive patterns. Under
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hot rolling conditions, the fabric can obtain shiny patterns.
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7 Sanding
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Sanding is the process of using a sanding roller (or belt) to grind a layer of short and dense
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fluff on the surface of the fabric. The sanding finishing can make the warp and weft yarns
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produce fluff at the same time, and the fluff is short and dense.
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8 Fuzzing
Fuzzing is the process of picking up the fibers on the surface of the fabric with dense needles
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or thorns to form a layer of fluff. It is also called brushing finishing. Fuzzing is mainly used for
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woolen fabrics, acrylic fabrics, and cotton fabrics. The fluff layer can improve the warmth of
the fabric, improve the appearance and make the hand feel soft.
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[Link]
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9 Shearing
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Shearing is the process of using a shearing machine to cut the unwanted hair on the surface
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of the fabric. Its purpose is to make the fabric weave clear and the surface smooth, or to
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make the fluff or suede surface neat. Generally woolen, velvet, artificial fur, carpets, and
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other products need to be sheared.
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10 Softening
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There are two methods of softening finishing, mechanical finishing, and chemical finishing.
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Mechanical soft finishing is achieved by rubbing and bending the fabric many times, but the
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effect is not ideal. Chemical softening is to apply a softener on the fabric to reduce the
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coefficient of friction between fibers and yarns, so as to obtain a soft and smooth hand feel,
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and the finishing effect is significant. Nonionic polyester resin can be used for this
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application.
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[Link]
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