3.
1 Laplace Equation
To É ⼆ E
V1 ⼆ 点 杌
吉
ˊ
When f o o_o Laplace equation
In ID 器2 o Vaverage I I Ux a VXa
In 2D
巺⼗ 奇
i ⼆0 Vaverage ⼆ ǛR
然恐
In 3D i
發⼀ 發⼀ 發 ⼆ 0 Vaverage [Link]
sphere
Vauerage
赫 威Ssjiiiodi
⼆
Tiaǜftizi ⼼
⼼的
在
⼆
ǗR 121⼀ ⽇
九⼗
可 ⼆
⾶ 古
ti R
In general Vaverage ˇCenter
T
[Link] to internal charges
dueto external charges
7，3
加 加 也v1 ⼆
成 這 in 代國 是 4以 證
⼀
⼗
点 hh 證
spherical cord h 1 her h rsīno
V r 加
必录45必 到
V ⼆ ⼆0
活
录4 到 ⼆
⼈⼝ 共 ⼆ E const 吾_Ē V r f tk
cylindrical word h ⼆1 his hil
v v S Tv 录4器 0
S
哥 C 1const
哥 f
V S Clnlsltk
3，4
⼼ cose
zǘi
Ǚ y
九⼆ [Link]
cosxc 取⼦分量
Eaue ESS JRiodod4
應 斷 淫t 器
⽣疏 Ssinolt Rcosdjdo
玝 Rit Rcosopz
⼼
[Link]
t
lining
⼆
茲
⼆
if 品 亦j il tl lp.tt1
器 瑟川
1
d Z R bl ZLR
再化簡
3，2 Methods of images
this is equal t
Cxnz 岱
[Link]
dilxiuii
xiy ÉǙD
怎ducting 台
[Link]
99
V4以 ⼼ ⼀
ǜljtzt
induced surface charge density
贏 了
plane 5 EoEz
z 0
新醚
[Link].I to 9 z d
ǘliiiiicinì
⼆
to
忒
彘 i 蕊川
⼆
5的 F G
到比 ⼆
znjǜdjh
total induced charges
Q Ssōda
彘idg
usepolarcord
X榮 ii
ǜdiyf 四
⼆
⼆ 9
Force and energy
趰
台器
cting 壏 ǎhiy
N
plane
discussion
Ǖii vicinity of 90 É and0 are the same in
both cases so E IÉ is the same too
FĒǕÉ
potential energy Utf Édt
a
Uet ⾶ i bysymmetry upper part is
九 the lowerpart and in a
ezual
the
b Ub
Í lower part has zeroenergy
work regained to bring 9 to d from oi
a Ǘdē 年威燕 ⼆
⼆
武⼠ hi 茲 威 㗊 哔打
出 do work on both 性 and 9
⼆
2 彘式
Ex 了⼏
9 RFǗ i
v 庛 遮 ⼗ 点ˋ ⼼ 哲
V50 爽 蕊 蕊 b⼆ 点
ui 彘 先 均
Fǜ 器 áepii
3，7
L
df tzq
3dq 9
Ǚgjilii
A3，8
九 ⼆
Jrtǎt
N tiizy pluginto V1⼤ 爽 台吉
a b⼆ 点
vnok 彘
get
when
ljīo Jriil
vRO ⼆
点 miiacosò ⼆ 0
⼭ Ricnacosojn
器 ki 彘 蜘
to
品品
Qinduced Soda 笑 9
C
F⼆
Etòcrī
w
[Link]
3，9
9 is the sameas the
induced charge
Lftbgq for
⽣49
a natural conducting sphere
0
Fǜ icǜ
3，10
i
無 ÉÈ_ 志
i Ut ⼆⼀
ĪÉtdtǖioln 劉
similarly u
Ǖdi 志 lny
Vtne Uttk 点 f
⼆
In St ⼆ Juii
is
b 5 0青
⼆0
9induced ⼆ ⼑l
Sōe
⼀
fabihy
贏
蘭
Cab
ǘ a b o
再
Jcizi 器 了
Fǘllit 焉幽 [Link] 7
where
cost in
⾼ ⼆
3.4 Multipole expansion
iiòiiii
蔻
U⼼
武 參 到 ⼀
蘭 比⼆ ridiizrgaof
2
F 1Fgcoso⼗点
在 ⼆
Èlztotf.i
⼆
iciaso 他
o iiiizigag_g.it0
Vci l_G ts0 [Link]
monopole
t
9
戀 逛警 ǘn_n
Or the potential of
any localized
develop a systematic expression
distribution
charge
vcāiǜfecindi
[Link]
豐年 九⼆
i H 的⼀
NT
垰
If
KE_zcosxk
P is far
於此㙣 itiǘǎǖit 2
i istit
i. 上OÉ
l
biǎiifn 1 ⽔ 別⼼ 影
plug in
Siti C iCF D CER zn
ii [Link]
organize 卡 It ⻮ cosx
⼩
幽 舉
些 Pin To
i
f f.ÉFPR巡八
Ucūiǜsiecisdi
⼆
[Link] Éǘpncsxseidi
Pnanecidi
ǛÉLSN
i
些 [Link] 在 È
monopole Ǖpde Ǖadrume
3.4.2 Monopole and dipole terms
Umiiǜiseiy
i
In this case
tne
Udip ⼼ ⼀起的
what is
器iida _ǗǗǛ risx
_o
t 抵消 Vdip 的 ⼆ Èiě[Link]
lroucri
FOdipolemoment
i Vdip 0 IEGÈ
dipole moment of a collection of charges
⼀
Monopole moment
5⼆ 千 Note
the charge
physical dipole
3.4.3 Origin of
iari
God
ai
[Link]
in Multipole expansion
品 您 赫 灣 Ǘvii
tǜt
conclusion monopole multipole expansion 的 fit term
īsntexe whence is not at theorigin
2 If we shiftthe origin we would set the multipole
expansion
Move
but Qi monopole moment does no change
Cttl charge is independent of the cord
u dipole moment would change
Esǖidi Siāieidi Secidiieā
āse
using newword
舉
0
If Q o then f f
qǎ
呈年g
⼀
Ipole_momentalc.gs
af.fa_dipole_mome_Idiffe.rs from the choice of origin
qaq
3.4.4 Electricfield of a dipole
的 heriuau
A
Ǜu
slim
Vdip ⼼ ⼆ ⼆
Èfpco
E 卡器 卡器 古
登
gih Iio 954
hinhirsin [Link]
h 1
2pos0
架
⼀
v3 4瓯
Eo ⼆⼗ ⼆⽇
录 器⼝
E4 ⼆ 青發 o
Edipln0 彘 zasoērtsioěo
mo dirt Quadrupole ati
U potential
lil t
E field 古 古 古 古
First Uniqueness Theorem 杬
The solution to Laplace's equation in some volume v
is uniquely determined if U is specified on the boundary
surfaces
Second uniqueness Theorem
n a volume V by
surrounded conductors and
intaining a specified charge density e
the electric field is uniquely determined it
the total charge on each conductor is given
