3.1.

1 Column Design
Introduction
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that
transmits, through compression, the
weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
 Columns carry axial loads and therefore are designed for compression.
 Other loads from snow, wind or other horizontal forces can cause bending in the
columns.
 We shall build up a small size structure by RR masonry at a certain height but the
multi-story building cannot be constructed by
RR masonry because the structure can able to transmit the heavy load to the
foundation.
 Basically, a column designed to distribute the compressive axial load & additional
forces like snow, wind to the foundation eventually & it could be sustained the
structure even in the earthquake or any other force measure.
5.2.2 Column analysis and result on axis C2
From ETABS analysis output column C2 from first floor to second.
Design action
NED= 185.35 KN
 Figure 3-15 column layout

At axis 2A Between First floor and Second floor

GIVEN DATA

fck=20MPa

S-500 fYK=500MPa

.0.85fck 0.85(20) =11.33MPa

fcd = rc = 1.5

fyd = fyk
500
rs = =434.8MPa
1.15

Es=200GPa

Storry Heignt= 2.9m

Column Dimension= 250mm×250mm Beam

Dimension grond= 200mm×300mm
 3m

3.56m

3.2m

2.6m

MEdx=1.75KN.m (minor axis bending capacity is less)

MEdy=4.1KN.m( major axis bending capacity is max)

250.0
 185.35kn

4.1KN.m
RESULT FROM ANALYSIS
NEd=185.35KN
MEdx=1.75KN.m
2.7
MEdy=4.1KN.m

1.75KN.m

[Link].1 X-DIRECTION

[Link].2 Relative flexibility at the joint (K):

Ic = 250*2503 /12 = 32552083mm4

Ib = 200*3003 /12 =450000000mm4

(32552083/2700)
K=2(450000000/3200)+2(450000000/3560) =0.023

[Link].3 slenderness ratio of column

Effective column height
l=clear height of the column=2.9m-0.3m=2.7m
 K1 K2
lo=0.5l√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + )
0.45+K1 0.45+K2

0.0230 0.023
lo=0.5*2.7√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + ) =1.43m
0.45+0.036
0.45+0.230
 250mm∗250𝑚𝑚3
i=√I =√ 12∗250∗250 =72.2mm
A

lo 1.43∗1000m
.𝜆= L = 72mm =19.86

[Link].4 LIMITING SLENDERNESS RATIO

lim  20 ABC/ √n

where

1
A=
→ 𝑖𝑓 𝜑𝑒𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝐴 = 0.7 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
(1+0.2ef
)

B=√1 + 2𝜔 →if 𝜔 is not known B=1.1 may be used C=1.7-

𝛾m →if Ym is not known c=1.1may be used

Ym=M01 −1.75
MO2 4.1 =-0.43
1.75
C=1.7-(− ) =2.13
4.7

NEd
n=(Ac∗fcd) →relative normal force

185.35∗103
n=
=0.261
(250∗250∗11.33)

20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.13 =64.21
.𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚= √0.261

𝜆<𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 →the column under consideration is not slender the second order effect can be ignored!

i.e M2=0

[Link].5 Design action on the column (Ned and Med)

MEd=max{Mo2; MoEd+M2; Mo1+0.5M2; Mmin}

But, since the column is short i.e ,MEd= max{Mo2; Mmin}

Mo2=Max {[ Mtop ]; [ Mbottom ] }+eiNEd

ei= lo 1430 =3.56mm

400
= 400
 h 250
8.33
={ =20
emin = {30 ={ 30 20
20 20
3.56
Mo2=Max {[ 1.75 ]; [4.1] }+ * 185.35
1000

=4.1+0.66=4.76
20
Mmin=eiNEd = *185.35=3.71
1000

MEd=max{Mo2; Mmin}
MEd=max{4.76;3.71}
MEdx=4.76KN.m

[Link].6 Y-DIRECTION

[Link].7 Relative flexibility at the joint (K):

(32552083/2700)
Ky = 2(450000000/3000)+2(450000000/2600)=0.036

There Fore K1=K2

[Link].8 slenderness ratio of column

Effective column height

l=clear height of the column=2.9m-0.3m=2.7m

K1 K2
lo=0.5l√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + )
0.45+K1 0.45+K2

0.036 0.036
lo=0.5*2.7√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + ) =1.45m
0.45+0.036
0.45+0.036

i=√I 250mm∗250𝑚𝑚3
A =√ 12∗250∗250 =72.2mm

lo 1.43∗1000m
.𝜆= L = 72.2mm =19.81

[Link].9 LIMITING SLENDERNESS RATIO

20∗A∗B∗C
.𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚= √𝑛
where

1
A= → 𝑖𝑓 𝜑𝑒𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝐴 = 0.7 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
(1+0.2𝜑𝑒𝑓
)

B=√1 + 2𝜔 →if 𝜔 is not known B=1.1 may be used

C=1.7- 𝛾m →if 𝜔 is not known c=0.7may be used

Ym=M01 1.75
=-0.43
MO2 4.1
1.75
C=1.7-(− ) =2.13
4.1

NEd
n=(Ac∗fcd) →relative normal force

185.75∗103
n= =0.26
(250∗250∗11.33)

20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.13 =64.21
.𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚= √0.261

𝜆<𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 →the column under consideration is not slender the second order effect can be ignored!

i.e M2=0

[Link].10 Design action on the column (Ned and Med)

MEd=max{Mo2; MoEd+M2; Mo1+0.5M2; Mmin}
But, since the column is short i.e ,MEd= max{Mo2; Mmin} Mo2=Max
{[ Mtop ]; [ Mbottom ] }+eiNEd

ei= lo 1450 =3.62

400 = 400
h
250
emin = {30 8.33 =20
={
20 ={ 30 20
20

3.62
Mo2=Max {[ 1.75 ]; [ 4.1] }+ * 185.75
1000

=4.1+0.67=4.77
 20
Mmin=eiNEd = *185.75=3,71
1000

MEd=max{Mo2; Mmin}
MEd=max{4.77; 3.71}
MEdy=4.77KN.m
[Link].11 CHECK FOR BI AXIAL EFFECT

𝜆𝑦 𝜆𝑥
≤2 and ≤2
𝜆𝑥 𝜆𝑦

19.81 19.86
→ = 0.99 ≤2 and = 1.002 ≤2
19.86 19.81
𝑒𝑦/ℎ
→ 𝑒𝑥/𝑏
≤0.2 or 𝑒𝑥/𝑏
≤0.2
𝑒𝑦/ℎ

MEdx 4.76KN.m
ey= NED 185.75KN =0.0262

MEdx 4.77Kn.m
ex= NED 185.75KN =0.0265
𝑒𝑦/ℎ 0.0262/250
→ ey/b ≤0.2 0.0265/250 = 0.99≥0.2

𝑒𝑥/𝑏 0.0265/250
→ 𝑒𝑦/ℎ ≤0.2 0.0262/250 = 0.43 ≥0.2
→ Hence check for bi axial bending is not ok

[Link].12 AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED (Ast)

using design chart column interaction diagram ASSUME

Φlong 16
d’=Cnom+ Φstrup+ =25mm+8mm+
2 2

d’=41mm
NEd
V=
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑑 185.75∗103
=0.4
250∗250∗11.33

4.77∗106𝑁.𝑚𝑚
MEd =
250∗2502∗11.33 0.03
µ= 𝑏ℎ2𝑓𝑐𝑑

d′ 41
= =0.18≈0.2
ℎ 250

fyd
Eyd=
437.372
Es = =0.002
200,000
Ast∗fyd
select appropriate mechanical steel ratio 𝜔 =
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑑
from design chart
From the Bi axial chart No w=0.32

𝜔𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑑
Ast= 𝑓𝑦d 0.32∗250∗250∗11.33
= 434.34 =521.70𝑚𝑚2
 𝐴𝑠t 521.70

No of bar= 𝜋𝑑2/4 = 𝜋162 =2.59≈ 3

4

Use 3Φ16 steel bar strupp Φ8

[Link].13 check rules for spacing and quantity reinforcement

→the area of longitudinal reinforcement should not exceed Asmax
Asmax=0.04Ac outside lap or 0.08Ac at lap
Asmax=0.04*250*250=2500𝑚𝑚2>Ast

Asmax>Ast…OK!!

The total amount of longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than Asmin

0.1NED
Asmin= fyd or 0.002Ac

0.1∗185.57∗103
Asmin= 434.34 = 42.72𝑚𝑚2
Ac=0.002*250*250=125𝑚𝑚2…OK!!

Detailing
200

`strupp
200
 Figure 3-16 Column cross section reinforcement detailing

Transverse reinforcement
According to ES EN 2, 2015 diameter of bar
 6mm
 1/4 of longitudinal reinforcement = 16/4 =4mm
Let’s use ∅10
c) Spacing of transverse reinforcement
20 * ∅long = 20*16 = 320mm
 Less dimension of column =250mm
 400mm
spacing = lesser of 0.6 (20ϕ, 250, 400)
Then use ∅10 center to center-250*0.6 = 150mm