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A brief note on green cloud computing

Conference Paper · January 2021

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 A brief note on green cloud computing

Ahamed Rameez Mohamed Nizzad

Post graduate, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, SLIIT
mohamednizzad@[Link]

Abstract
Global warming and environmental pollution have created increased awareness
on the utilization of green energy practices such as renewable energy as much
as possible to reduce the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the air. As such
with the increased use and adoption of Cloud Computing has led to the concern of
adopting green energy practices. Therefore, the green cloud computing focuses on
the study and design of producing energy efficient ways which are less impactful
to the environment. The reviewed literatures suggest that the IT industry produces
over 2% CO2 emission which is similar to the emission by aviation industry and
it is growing at the rate of 6% where it is expected to be emitting 12% by year
2020. Further the concept of green energy and models proposed to address energy
consumption on cloud computing are highlighted. The finding suggests that the
concept of green cloud computing is novel in local context. Therefore, research
have to be conducted in order to adopt energy efficient practices in the utilization of
technologies in general and cloud computing in particular.

Keywords
Cloud Computing, Green Cloud Computing, CO2 Emission, Green Technologies,
Renewable Energy

Introduction
Cloud Computing is defined as a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.
Networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction as per
the definition provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Mell,
2011). At present, Cloud Service has three core service models such as Infrastructure
as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (Paas).
Further, the cloud service models are deployed by service vendors in following ways,
such as, Private Cloud, Public Cloud and Hybrid Cloud where hybrid cloud is the use of
the combination of private and public cloud. Cloud computing also includes five actors
that fulfill the cycle of cloud computing from service provider to client. It includes Cloud
Consumer and Cloud Provider. Cloud Career, Auditor and Broker are the other actors
that make up the cycle of cloud computing a reality (Samizadeh, 2017). In the model of
Infrastructure as a Service, cloud consumers rent infrastructure from cloud providers.
The service may range from data centers which is in fact a set of physical machine or
collection of machines with each having their own resources such as CPU, RAM, network,
bandwidth, storage etc. However, the increased use of cloud computing adoption has
led to the concern of increased emission of Carbon Dioxide to the environment.

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 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research 2020

Literature Review on Green Cloud Computing

At present, global warming has become a key concern that has created increased
awareness and concerns on issues related to the environment, air pollution etc. In
this aspect, the use of cloud computing also has raised concerns over environmental
pollution through the emittance of tons of Carbon Dioxide to the environment. As per the
study by Gartner, the IT Industry produces 2 percent of CO2 emission which is similar
to that of the aviation industry has been producing to the environment (Khosravi, 2013).
The number is ever increasing, and it sits somewhere around at the rate of 6 percent
per year and predicted to be emitting 12 percent of CO2 to the environment by 2020
(Uddin, 2012). EPA report on U.S notes that datacenters consume 1.5 of total energy
consumption in U.S and costs 4.5 billion dollars each year ([Link], 2013).

In addition, several studies have been conducted to study and propose metrics to reduce
the energy consumptions and increase green cloud computing. In 2011, Si-Yuan Jing et
al ([Link], 2013) studied the issue of the status of green cloud computing and proposed
techniques and studies that had been done in energy aware technologies at different
levels such as server, network, processors, storage, cooling equipment etc. In this study,
the researchers have proposed a three-step model where they emphasized on hardware
and software that do not need hardware change and redesign. Mueen Uddin et al (Uddin,
2012) has proposed a framework that consist of five steps. This proposal can be used
to utilize green standards to measure the efficiency of data centers. In another study,
Saurbh kumar garg and et al, have proposed a framework called carbon-aware green
framework which addresses the problems associated with the environment with the aim
to reduce carbon footprint by the operation of cloud computing.

Discussion
Environmental issues and natural disasters are increasing in several ways that the
world is struggling to address. While the technology has brought so many advantages to
upgrade the living standards so does it is has brought new threats to the environment.
Therefore, while adopting to technologies that are beneficial and cost effective, it is also
important to have concerns on its negative impact on environment and other aspects that
would create undesired climate for the living creatures. As such in this review, attempts
were made to create awareness about cloud computing, the concept of green energy
and the models proposed by researchers to measure and monitor the emissions of CO2
in the use of cloud computing.

In addition, it was evident that the concept of green cloud computing is at the development
stage in general and to be precise, literature is very limited for the green cloud computing
in local context that too with a limited extend. Therefore, academics and researchers
may focus this emerging area to study and propose a suitable working model of green
cloud computing adoption which are less likely to create CO2 emission.

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 References

Khosravi, A., 2013. Energy and Carbon-Efficient Placement of Virtual Machines in

Distributed Cloud Data Centers. Parallel Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp.
317-328.

Mell, P., 2011. The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, Gaithersburg: National Institute
of Standards and Definitions.

[Link], S. S., 2013. State-of-the-art research study for green cloud. The Journal of
Supercomputing, 65(1), p. 445–468.

Samizadeh, T., 2017. Toward Green Cloud Computing: A Review. International Journal
of Computer Science and Information Security, 15(1).

Uddin, M., 2012. Energy efficiency and low carbon enabler green IT framework for data
centers considering green metrics. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6),
p. 4078–4094.

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