Foundation Tier

3–6 Test
Name Class

1 To live and grow unborn babies need many of the same things as children and
adults. They get these from their mothers.
a Where, in their mothers, do unborn babies grow?

[1 mark]
b What do unborn babies need to live and grow? Choose three things from the
words in the box.

dark nutrients light water oxygen carbon dioxide sound hair

i ii
iii
[3 marks]
c Organs in our bodies have different functions.
The table gives some of these functions. 1
Write the numbers on the drawing of the
body to show the place of each organ.
Number 1 has been done for you.

Number Function of organ

1 Thinks for the body.
2 Pumps blood round the body.
3 Stores food we eat and starts to digest it.
4 Completes the digestion of food.
5 Stores waste after digestion.
6 Where oxygen gets into the blood.

[5 marks]

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 Foundation Tier 3–6 Test (continued)

2 Jessica had three fruits. She used a balance to find the mass of each.

b c d
50 50 50

40 40 40
a

30 30 30

20 20 20
10 10 10
0 0 0

a Write the mass of each fruit below the correct drawing

plum strawberry tomato

Mass = Mass = Mass =

[1 mark]
b What is the unit of mass?
[1 mark]
c i Jessica then did an experiment to find the weight of each fruit.
What piece of apparatus did she use?

[1 mark]
ii Which fruit has the largest weight?

[1 mark]
3 In the winter lorries spread road grit. It is a mixture of salt and broken stones. The
grit helps tyres to grip the icy roads. The salt helps to make the ice melt.
a Complete the following sentence.
When tyres spin on an icy road there is only a small force of
between the icy road and the tyre.
[1 mark]

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 Foundation Tier 3–6 Test (continued)

b Four pupils were investigating road grit. Each planned to

dissolve all the salt from road grit and find out how much
grit was left. The drawing shows the apparatus they used.

i What is the name of the separation method they used?

[1 mark]
ii Join the names of the substances to how they are classified.
Substance Classification
grit solvent
salt solute
water insoluble solid
[1 mark]
iii The table below shows part of their results. Complete the table with the
results they should write in.

Pupil Mass of Mass of Mass of

dry road grit (g) dry grit left (g) salt (g)
John 40 36
Sharma 25 24
Peta 30 27
Marie 38 34

[1 mark]
iv Which pupil has probably not dissolved all the salt in the road grit?

[1 mark]
v Suggest two reasons why the pupil had not dissolved all the salt
in the road grit.
i

ii

[2 marks]
vi About how much salt is in 20 g of the road grit?
[1 mark]

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 Foundation Tier 3–6 Test (continued)

c John decides he wants to separate the

water from the salt in his solution.
He uses the apparatus shown. Water
exists as liquid water, steam and ice in
different places in the apparatus.
i Add three labels to the diagram to show:
pure water
ice
steam.
[3 marks]
HEAT
ii At what temperature does pure water
turn into steam?

[1 mark]
iii What is the pH of pure water?
[1 mark]
4 The Earth is in orbit around the Sun. The diagram shows the Earth in four different
positions during its orbit.

Sun

a In which position is the Earth when it is:

i summer in the northern hemisphere? Write summer by the Earth.
ii spring in the northern hemisphere? Write spring by the Earth.
[2 marks]
b Which planet is in orbit:
i nearest to the Sun
ii between Earth and Jupiter?
[2 marks]
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 Foundation Tier 3–6 Test (continued)

c Jupiter has many moons. At different times in the year one or more can be seen
through a telescope. Give two reasons why we cannot see all of Jupiter’s moons
all the time.
i

ii

[2 marks]
d What force keeps the moons of Jupiter in orbit around the planet?

[1 mark]
5 Joseph Priestley (1773–1804) showed that:
• a plant in a sealed jar dies
• a mouse in a sealed jar dies
• a mouse and a plant in a sealed jar keep living.
He said that breathing and burning made ‘fixed’ air, but plants helped to
restore ‘good’ air. In his writings Priestley suggested that both breathing and
burning made air ‘exhausted’.
Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799) repeated Priestley’s experiments and showed
that ‘fixed’ air could be restored to being ‘good’ by sunlight with plant leaves,
but not sunlight with plant roots, flowers or fruits.
a i What substance, present in plant leaves, enables plants to restore ‘fixed’
air to being ‘good’?

[1 mark]
ii What is the name of this process that occurs in leaves to make ‘fixed’
air ‘good’?

[1 mark]
iii What gas was removed from air, by breathing and burning, for Priestley to
describe the air as ‘exhausted’?

[1 mark]

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 Foundation Tier 3–6 Test (continued)

b Plants need more than sunlight and ‘fixed’ air to survive. The leaves also
need water. Describe how the organ system in the plant works for the leaves
to obtain water.

[3 marks]
6 Some boys were skimming stones across a pond.
This is part of their conversation.

Hakan

Padrig Jack

That’s right. Water The Earth is a sphere, so if the

There is no wind runs downwards until it surface of the water is flat then
so the water surface finds its own level. how can water cover most of the
is perfectly flat. Earth’s surface?

a Give two pieces of evidence that show that the Earth is a sphere.
i

ii

[2 marks]
b i What property of water allows it to run downwards? Tick one box.
It has a top surface.
It can flow.
It fills a container.
It does not support a heavy weight.
[1 mark]
ii What name is given to the force that makes water run downwards?

[1 mark]

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 Foundation Tier 3–6 Test (continued)

c i Padrig had a toy boat. Describe what he could do to show that the surface of
the water is flat and support his statement.

[2 marks]
ii Use the diagram of the Earth to explain why Jack’s argument must be correct,
even though on a pond 100 m across the water surface looks flat.

circumference = 40 000 km

[1 mark]
d i In the boxes below draw the arrangement of molecules in liquid water and
water vapour (gas).
● ) to represent water molecules.
Use small circles (●
Liquid Gas

[3 marks]
ii Give one physical property of both a liquid and a gas.

[1 mark]
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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test
Name Class

1 In the winter lorries spread road grit. It is a mixture of salt and broken stones. The
grit helps tyres to grip the icy roads. The salt helps to make the ice melt.
Four pupils were investigating road grit. Each planned to
dissolve all the salt from road grit and find out how much
grit was left. The drawing shows the apparatus they used.
i What is the name of the separation method they used?

[1 mark]
ii Join the names of the substances to how they are classified.
Substance Classification
grit solvent
salt solute
water insoluble solid
[1 mark]
The table below shows the pupils’ results.

Pupil Mass of Mass of Mass of

dry road grit (g) dry grit left (g) salt (g)
John 40 36 4
Sharma 25 24 1
Peta 30 27 3
Marie 38 34 4

b Suggest two reasons why one pupil had not succeeded in dissolving all the salt
in the road grit.
i

ii

[2 marks]

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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test (continued)

c John decides he wants to separate the

water from the salt in his solution.
He uses the apparatus shown. Water
exists as liquid water, steam and ice
in different places in the apparatus.
i Add three labels to the diagram to show:
pure water
ice
steam.
[3 marks]
HEAT
ii What is the pH of pure water?

[1 mark]
2 The Earth is in orbit around the Sun. The diagram shows the Earth in four
different positions during its orbit.

Sun

a In which position is the Earth when it is:

i summer in the northern hemisphere? Write summer by the Earth.
ii spring in the northern hemisphere? Write spring by the Earth.
[2 marks]
b Which planet is in orbit:
i nearest to the Sun
ii between Earth and Jupiter?
[2 marks]

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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test (continued)

c Jupiter has many moons. At different times in the year one or more can be seen
through a telescope. Give two reasons why we cannot see all of Jupiter’s moons
all the time.
i

ii

[2 marks]
d What force keeps the moons of Jupiter in orbit around the planet?

[1 mark]
3 Joseph Priestley (1773–1804) showed that:
• a plant in a sealed jar dies
• a mouse in a sealed jar dies
• a mouse and a plant in a sealed jar keep living.
He said that breathing and burning made ‘fixed’ air, but plants helped to
restore ‘good’ air. In his writings Priestley suggested that both breathing and
burning made air ‘exhausted’.
Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799) repeated Priestley’s experiments and showed
that ‘fixed’ air could be restored to being ‘good’ by sunlight with plant leaves,
but not sunlight with plant roots, flowers or fruits.
a i What substance, present in plant leaves, enables plants to restore ‘fixed’
air to being ‘good’?

[1 mark]
ii What is the name of this process that occurs in leaves to make ‘fixed’
air ‘good’?

[1 mark]
iii What gas was removed from air, by breathing and burning, for Priestley to
describe the air as ‘exhausted’?

[1 mark]

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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test (continued)

b Plants need more than sunlight and ‘fixed’ air to survive. The leaves also
need water. Describe how the organ system in the plant works for the leaves
to obtain water.

[3 marks]
c The drawing shows the palisade cell in a plant leaf.
Complete the sentences to give three ways that the palisade
cell is different from an animal cell such as a cheek cell.
Unlike animal cells palisade cells contain:
i
ii
iii
[3 marks]
4 Some boys were skimming stones across a pond. This is part of their conversation.

Hakan

Padrig Jack

That’s right. Water The Earth is a sphere, so if the

There is no wind runs downwards until it surface of the water is flat then
so the water surface finds its own level. how can water cover most of the
is perfectly flat. Earth’s surface?

a Give two pieces of evidence that show that the Earth is a sphere.
i

ii

[2 marks]

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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test (continued)

b i What property of water allows it to run downwards? Tick one box.

It has a top surface.
It can flow.
It fills a container.
It does not support a heavy weight.
[1 mark]
ii What name is given to the force that makes water run downwards?

[1 mark]
c i Padrig had a toy boat. Describe what he could do to show that the surface of
the water is flat and support his statement.

[2 marks]
ii Use the diagram of the Earth to explain why Jack’s argument must be correct,
even though on a pond 100 m across the water surface looks flat.

circumference = 40 000 km

[1 mark]

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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test (continued)

d i In the boxes below draw the arrangement of molecules in liquid water and
water vapour (gas).
● ) to represent water molecules.
Use small circles (●
Liquid Gas

[3 marks]
ii Give one physical property of both a liquid and a gas.

[1 mark]
5 During sexual reproduction, in plants and animals, fertilisation occurs when male
sex cells and female sex cells fuse.
a Complete the table to give the scientific names of the sex cells in humans
and plants.

Male sex cell Female sex cell

Human
Plant

[2 marks]
b In the fertilisation process, a male sex cell brings half the inheritance
characteristics, called chromosomes, from the male parent to join with half the
characteristics of the female parent.
i Which part of the sex cells contains the inheritance characteristics?

[1 mark]
ii One way that male sex cells are adapted to their function is they have only
half the chromosomes of other cells. Describe two further ways the human
male sex cell is adapted to its function.

[2 marks]

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 Higher Tier 5–7 Test (continued)

iii For fertilisation to occur in plants the plant male sex cell must land on
the stigma of a flower. Describe what now happens so that the male
inheritance characteristics reach the female sex cell.

[2 marks]
6 The graph shows how the 100
90
temperature of frozen water 80

Temperature (°C)
70
changes when it is 60
heated steadily. 50
40
30
20
10
0
–10
–20
–30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (minutes)

a i The temperature of the ice increases at a steady speed over the first five
minutes. What is this speed in ºC/min?

ºC/min
[1 mark]
ii Continue the graph to show how the temperature of the water will change
between 20 and 40 minutes of steady heating.
[2 marks]
b Describe how the movement and arrangement of the water molecules changes
as the temperature rises from –10 ºC to +10 ºC.

[3 marks]
c Not all the energy supplied by the heater remains in the water.
Give the names of three ways that energy can be transferred from the water
to the surroundings and wasted.
i
ii
iii
[3 marks]
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Mark schemes
Matching End of Year Test marks to NC levels
Foundation tier Higher tier
Level Marks Cumulative Suggested Level Marks Cumulative Suggested
available total threshold for available total threshold for
achieving level achieving level
3 9 9 5 5 20 20 10
4 10 19 14 6 15 35 28
5 20 39 29 7 15 50 42
6 11 50 45

End of Year Test marks

Foundation tier
Question Level Answers Mark scheme
1 3 a uterus or womb 1 mark
3 b nutrients, water, oxygen 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
3 c 2 – heart
4 3 – stomach, 4 – small intestine, 5 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
5 – last part of large intestine, 6 – lungs
2 3 a strawberry 25, tomato 37, plum 45 1 mark – all three required. Ignore units
3 b g or grams or grammes 1 mark – accept kg or kilograms or kilogrammes
4 c i newton meter 1 mark – accept force meter
3 ii plum 1 mark
3 4 a friction 1 mark
4 b i filtration 1 mark
5 ii grit – insoluble solid, salt – solute, water – solvent 1 mark – all three lines must be correct
3 iii 4, 1, 3, 4 1 mark – all four must be correct
3 iv Sharma 1 mark
5 v Any two from: not enough water; not stirred for 2 marks – accept poured off too soon; do not accept too
long enough; water too cold or not hot enough. much salt
4 vi 2 g 1 mark
5 c i pure water in test tube; ice floating in beaker; 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
steam above boiling water
4 ii 100 ºC 1 mark
5 iii 7 1 mark
4 5 a i left 1 mark
5 ii top 1 mark
5 b i Mercury 1 mark
5 ii Mars 1 mark
5 c Any two from: Moons on further or other side of 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct. Accept the Sun is too
Jupiter; Sun in the way; the part of Earth you are on bright to see; Earth in the way
facing in wrong or opposite direction.
5 d Gravity 1 mark
5 6 a i chlorophyll or chloroplast 1 mark – accept close spellings
6 ii photosynthesis 1 mark
5 iii oxygen 1 mark
6 b Any three from: water enters roots; water rises up 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
stem; in leaves water evaporates or is used in
photosynthesis; water pulled up plant by transpiration.
6 5 a Any two from: photos from space show it is round; 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct.
keep flying or going east (or any fixed direction)
and you get back to where you started from; you see
tall masts of ships grow up over the horizon as they
approach (or go away).
5 b i It can flow. 1 mark
5 ii gravity or weight 1 mark
5 c i Float the boat in the pond. It does not flow or 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct. Accept: throw the boat
move or slide to the edge. out onto the water; it stays where it is
6 ii A comment about the ratio or relative size of 1 mark – accept the pond is too small to see any curve or bend
pond to circumference.
6 d i Liquid: close packed, most touching at least 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
3 others; randomly arranged. Gas: Less than
5 circles far apart and randomly arranged.
6 ii Can both flow or move 1 mark

32 Exploring Science for QCA Teacher’s Guide 7 © Pearson Education 2002

 Higher tier
Question Level Answers Mark scheme
1 5 a grit – insoluble solid, salt – solute, water – solvent 1 mark – all three lines must be correct
5 b Any two from: not enough water; not stirred for 2 marks – accept poured off too soon; do not accept too
long enough; water too cold or not hot enough. much salt
5 c i pure water in test tube; ice floating in beaker; 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
steam above boiling water
5 ii 7 1 mark
2 5 a i left 1 mark
5 ii top 1 mark
5 b i Mercury 1 mark
5 ii Mars 1 mark
5 c Any two from: Moons on further or other side of 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct. Accept the Sun is too
Jupiter; Sun in the way; the part of Earth you are bright to see; Earth in the way
on facing in wrong or opposite direction.
5 d Gravity 1 mark
3 6 a i chlorophyll or chloroplast 1 mark – accept close spellings
6 ii photosynthesis 1 mark
5 iii oxygen 1 mark
6 b Any three from: water enters roots; water rises up 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
stem; in leaves water evaporates or is used in
photosynthesis; water pulled up plant by
transpiration.
6 c cell wall 1 mark
6 chloroplasts 1 mark – accept chlorophyll
6 large vacuole 1 mark – accept vacuole
4 5 a Any two from: photos from space show it is round; 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
keep flying or going east (or any fixed direction)
and you get back to where you started from; you see
tall masts of ships grow up over the horizon as
they approach (or go away).
5 b i It can flow. 1 mark
5 ii gravity or weight 1 mark
5 c i Float the boat in the pond. It does not flow or 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct. Accept: throw the boat
move or slide to the edge. out onto the water; it stays where it is
6 ii A comment about the ratio or relative size of 1 mark – accept the pond is too small to see any curve or bend
pond to circumference.
6 d i Liquid: close packed, most touching at least 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
3 others; randomly arranged. Gas: Less than
5 circles far apart and randomly arranged.
6 ii Can both flow or move 1 mark
5 a male female 2 marks – 1 mark for each row correct. Both required in each
6 human sperm ovum or ova row. Do not accept egg
7 plant pollen ovum
6 b i nucleus 1 mark
7 ii Any two from: tail for swimming in semen or 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct. Do not accept has tail;
named part of woman's reproductive system; any reference to nucleus
head allows it to penetrate ovum or egg; releases
chemicals to allow it to penetrate ovum; is full of
energy releasing parts or mitchondria.
7 iii Any two from: pollen tube grows down stigma 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
to ovum; nucleus of pollen travels down tube.
6 7 ai6 1 mark
7 ii A straight line or slight curve to 100 ºC; a 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
horizontal line at 100 ºC.
7 b Any three from: vibrate more quickly; regular 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
pattern breaks down; a random arrangement
formed; molecules then move about each other;
the hotter the more the molecules move or vibrate.
7 c Any three from: conduction; convection; 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct
evaporation; radiation.

Exploring Science for QCA Teacher’s Guide 7 © Pearson Education 2002 33