6 Heat and Energy
Question Bank
1. State four effects, which heat energy can bring about.
Ans. (i) Heat brings about change in temperature. (ii) Heat brings about change in dimensions of a body.
(iii) Heat brings about change in state of a body. (iv) Heat brings about chemical reactions in large number of bodies.
2. (a) Name the instrument for measuring temperature.
(b) Name two liquids which are commonly used as thermometric liquids.
(c) State the principle on which common laboratory thermometer works.
Ans. (a) Thermometer (b) Mercury and alcohol
(c) Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling.
3. Draw a graph between volume and temperature when 5 cm3 of ice at –10 °C is heated to form water at 10 °C.
Ans.
Ice in
5 solid s
tate
4
Volume in cm3
Ice melts to
form water Water increases
3 in volume
2 Water decreases
in volume till 4°C
1
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 –0 2 4 6 8 10
Temperature (°C)
4. The adjacent figure shows Hope’s apparatus, used to study
anomalous expansion of water. Answer the following
questions: Freezing
A
(a) Amongst A and B, which thermometer will register mixture
20°C
fall in temperature first and why?
(b) Which thermometer will stop registering fall in
temperature after some time?
State the magnitude of lowest temperature recorded
by this thermometer.
(c) Give an explanation of your answer in (b).
Water
(d) Why does the second thermometer goes on recording
fall in temperature? B
(e) What conclusions can be drawn from the experiment 20°C
about the nature of water?
(f) State one natural consequence of the above property Hope’s apparatus
of water.
Ans. (a) Thermometer B. It is because, as the water in the region of freezing mixture, falls in temperature, its
volume decreases, its density increases and hence it sinks down.
(b) Thermometer B. It is because, when water attains a temperature of 4°C, its density is maximum. Thus,
it just settles down and cannot rise up. Thus, the temperature of thermometer B stops registering any fall
in temperature.
Questions Bank 43
(c) Refer to answer in (b).
(d) It is because, when the temperature falls below 4 °C, the water starts expanding and hence moves upward.
Thus, thermometer A continues registering fall in temperature.
(e) (i) Water has maximum density at 4 °C.
(ii) Water has minimum volume at 4 °C.
(iii) Water has anomalous expansion i.e., it expands, if heated or cooled from 4 °C.
(f) When the water bodies (such as lakes; rivers; seas), freeze in cold countries in winter, only the upper
surface freezes to form ice. Water below ice stays at 4°C and hence, water animals can survive.
5. Draw a diagram showing the temperature of various layers of water in an ice covered pond.
Ans.
6. Can 100% of energy be transferred from one system to another? Give a reason for your answer.
Ans. No, it is not possible. A part of energy always gets dissipated, due to friction, the weight of machine used
for transference, etc.
7. The temperature inside a car, parked in Sun, is more than the temperature outside why?
Ans. The heat radiations coming from Sun are of very short wavelength. They just pass through the windows of
glass and are absorbed by the interior car. Thus, the temperature of interior rises. This in turn emits heat
radiations which have a very long wavelength. These radiations cannot pass through window panes. Hence,
the heat radiations are continuously received, but not radiated out. This increases the temperature of interior
of car, above the temperature outside.
44 A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Physics - IX
