Rates and line graphs

Contents: A Rates
B Speed
C Density
D Converting rates
E Line graphs
322 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

OPENING PROBLEM - -_._- _ ~- -

As Lily looks out the car window, she sees that the
car is exactly level with a train. Both the car and the
train are travelling at constant speeds.
In the next 2 minutes, the car travels 2600 m and the
train travels 3.8 km.
Things to think about:
a What do we mean by speed? What does it
measure?
b Which is travelling faster, the car or the train?
c Can you write the speed of:
I the car in metres per second ii the train in kilometres per hour?
d Can you graph the distance travelled by the car and the train against time on a set of axes?
e How are the speeds of the car and train observed on the graph?

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II
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' RATES
We have seen that a ratio is an ordered comparison of quantities of the same kind.
For example, we can have a ratio of lengths or a ratio of times.

A rate is an ordered comparison of quantities of different kinds.

For example, a person's heart rate is a comparison between a number of heart beats and the time
taken for them to happen.

1 Think about quantities which you can measu-re, such as mass, area, and volume. Discuss
scenarios where we may be interested in the rate of change of these quantities with respect
to time.
2 What rates are you familiar with, which are not rates of change with respect to time?

When we write a rate, we do not use a ratio sign":", but instead we

divide one quantity by another.
Since we are comparing quantities of different kinds, units are very
important. We must always include units in our answer. We use the
word per which means "for every", or a slash"/" to separate the units.
For example, if a person's heart beats 65 times every minute, we write
their heart rate as 65 beats per minute or 65 beats/minute.
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 323

ACTIVITY 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MEASURING YOUR HEART RATE

What to do:
1 Find your pulse on your wrist or the side of your neck.
2 Count how many times you can feel your pulse in one

0 . • DA'f 3
minute. This is your heart rate in beats per minute. flis;j
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3 Compare your heart rate with those of your classmates. 5MINb
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4 What happens to your heart rate when you exercise?
5 Find out how your heart rate can be used to measure your
fitness.

Example 1 _.$ Self Tutor

Three weeks ago, baby Hazel weighed 12.5 kg. She now weighs
13.1 kg. Find Hazel's rate of weight gain in grams per week.

In 3 weeks, Hazel's weight gain= 13.1 kg -- 12.5 kg

= 0.6 kg
= 600 g
600
Hazel's rate of weight gain= gk
3 wee s
= 200 g per week

EXERCISE 16A
1 Suggest units which could be used to measure each rate:
a a person's rate of pay b an aeroplane's speed
c the price of petrol d a person's typing speed
e the rate at which a car's temperature increases on a hot day.
2 Jennifer's heart beats 375 times in 5 minutes. Express this as a rate in beats per minute.
3 The Peterson household used 1170 megajoules of gas during April. Express this as a rate in
megajoules per day.
4 In 2015, a tree was 19.5 m tall. By 2021 it had grown to 26.7 m tall. Find its rate of growth
in metres per year.
5 A 2.8 kg durian costs $18.60. Express this as a rate in $/kg.
6 The mass of a baby mouse is recorded at birth and Birth Week 1 Week 2 Week3
at the end of each week thereafter. 8.14 g
1.38 g 4.67 g 11.09 g
a Find the rate of change in mass over the
3 week period.
b In which week was the growth fastest?
324 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)
- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
7 The table below shows the populations of several cities in the years 2009 and 2019:

2009 2019 Population Population % population

City
population population growth growth per year growth
Sao Paulo 19377000 21847000 2470000 247000 12.7%
Lagos 10115000 13904000
Cairo 16539000 20485000
Mexico City 19958000 21672000
Beijing 15 685 000 20035000
Manila 11622000 13699000
a Copy and complete the table.
b Which city had the highest population growth per year over this period?
c Which city had the highest percentage population growth rate over this period?

Example 2 ~~ Self Tutor

Henry the elephant eats 240 peanuts every 3 minutes.
a Find Henry's rate of eating peanuts.
b How many peanuts will Henry eat in 10 minutes?

. 240 peanuts
a Henry's rate of eatmg peanuts = - ----''-.- -
.3 mmutes
= 80 peanuts per minute
b In 10 minutes Henry will eat 10 x 80 = 800 peanuts.

8 A family of four uses 2800 litres of water each week.

a Find the rate of water usage in litres per day.
b How much water will the family use in 20 days?

9 Judy works part-time at a local cafe. She earned $86.40 for working 4 hours last week.
a Find Judy's rate of pay.
b This week Judy worked 19 hours. How much will she earn this week?
10 A milk truck takes 5 minutes to discharge 6750 litres of milk.
At this rate, how much milk would the truck discharge in 18 minutes?
11 A bus can travel 92 km on 8 litres of diesel.
a How far could the bus travel on 28 litres of diesel?
b How many litres of diesel are required to travel 690 km?

12 It costs $640 to buy a 32 m length of fibre optic cable.

a Find the cost of each metre of cable.
b Find the cost of a 27 m length of cable.
c Find the length of cable that could be bought for $4400.
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 325

13 Leo's car uses 28 litres of petrol to travel 518 km.

a Find the rate at which the petrol is used in:
i km per litre ii litres per 100 km.
b Leo is driving 1480 km on vacation.
i How many litres of petrol will he need?
ii If petrol costs $1.35 per litre, how much will he spend on petrol?

14 26.5 tonnes of gravel costs $1030.85. Find the cost of 42.8 tonnes of gravel.

POPULATION DENSITY
Population density is a rate which compares the population of a region with POPULATION
DENSITY
the area of that region.
Click on the icon to obtain this Activity.

SPEED
The most common rate that we use is speed, which is a comparison between the distance travelled
and the time taken.
When we go on a car journey, we do not always travel at a constant speed. We need to slow down
for other cars, and stop at traffic lights.
We can therefore consider speed in two different ways.
• The instantaneous speed of an object is the rate at which it
is travelling at a particular point in time.
For example, this speedometer tells us the instantaneous
speed of the car is 50 km per hour.

• The average speed of an object during its journey is given by

total distance travelled

average speed = ------- - -
total time taken

This formula can be rearranged into:

distance = speed x time
DEMO
. distance
or t1me = --d-
spee
You can use the triangle alongside to help you remember
these. Click on the icon for a demonstration.
326 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

Discuss whether you would be more interested in instantaneous speed or average speed when:
• you are driving past a police officer with a radar gun
• you are planning a holiday road trip
• you are driving to your best friend's wedding
• you are driving past a school.

Example 3 ◄® Self Tutor

Erica cycled 80 km in 2 hours.

a Find her average speed.
b How long would it take Erica to cycle 180 km at this rate?

distance travelled . distance

a average speed = . k b t1me=--
ttme ta en speed
80 km 180 km
2 hours - 40 km/h

= 80 km/h
2
= -180
40
hours
= 40 km/h = 4½ hours

EXERCISE 16B
1 Find, in kilometres per hour, the average speed of:
a a cyclist who rides 100 km in 4 hours
b a jet boat which travels 150 km in 5 hours
c an athlete who runs 18 km in 1.5 hours
d an aeroplane which takes 50 minutes to fly 750 km.

2 The speed limit on a freeway is 100 km/h. Jason drives 210 km along the freeway in 2 hours.
Has he broken the law?
3 Bernadette drives her car at an average speed of 72 km/h.
a If Bernadette drives for 3 hours, how far does she travel?
b How long would it take Bernadette to travel 54 kilometres at this speed?

4 A model train travels around a circular track with radius

5 m. The train takes 20 seconds to complete a lap of the
track. Find the average speed of the train, giving your
answer in metres per second correct to 1 decimal place.
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 327

5 a Liam's aeroplane flew at an average speed of 210 km/h for 1 hour and 40 minutes. How
far did Liam fly?
b When Liam makes the return journey, he is now flying against the wind, and his plane
averages only 175 km/h. How long does the return flight take him?
6 Yiren walks 60 metres in 22.5 seconds, while Sean walks 150 metres in 1 minute.
a Find the average speed of each person.
b Yiren and Sean each walk 2000 m at their normal speed. Who will finish first, and by
how much?
7 A truck travels 90 km at 90 km/h, then another 90 km at 60 km/h. Find the average speed of
the truck for the entire journey.

,..

B . ....
I ' •

-
.- .
. _ _ . A . _.......
DENSITY
Which is heavier:
1 tonne of lead or 1 tonne of feathers?

The objects both have mass 1 tonne. However, many people guess that the lead is heavier, since
any given volume of lead will be much heavier than the same volume of feathers. They have in fact
compared the lead and feathers using a rate called density.

The density of an object is its mass per unit of volume.

mass
density = ---
volume

Density is usually measured in grams per cubic centimetre.

For example, the density of pure gold is 19.30 grams per cm3 . This
means that every cubic centimetre of pure gold has mass 19.30 grams.
O J- 19.30g

1cm

THE DENSITY OF WATER

We have previously seen that 1 mL or 1 cm3 of pure water at 4°C weighs 1 gram.

The density of pure water is 1 gram per cm3 .

If an object has density less than 1 gram per cm3 , then it will float on water.
If its density is greater than 1 gram per cm3 , then it will sink.
328 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

These tables list some common densities in grams per cm3 .

Material Density Material Density

carbon dioxide 0.002 aluminium 2.70
petrol 0.70 iron 7.87
ice 0.92 lead 11.35
water 1.00 gold 19.30
milk 1.03 platinum 21.45

Example 4 -4J~ Self Tutor

Find the density of a piece of timber which is 60 cm by 10 cm by 3 cm
and weighs 1.62 kg.

The timber has mass= 1.62 kg and volume = 60 x 10 x 3 cm3

= 1620 g = 1800 cm3
. mass
density= - -
volume
_ 1620 g
- 1800 cm3
= 0.9 g per cm3

EXERCISE 16C
1 Find the density of:
a an object with mass 20 g and volume 5 cm3
b a metal disc which weighs 1.13 kg and has volume 50 cm3
c a block of ebony which is 1.1 m x 3 cm x 4 cm and weighs 1.4 kg.
2 How many times more dense is:
a lead than water b platinum than aluminium c milk than petrol?
3 A pair of cubic dice and their weights are A I
shown alongside. t
2cm
Which die is more dense? t
1.2cm
+
lOgrams 50grams
•
Petrol and water are immiscible which means they do not mix. If
the two liquids are poured into a container, they will separate into
two layers. Which is the upper layer? Explain your answer.
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 329

5 The doorstop shown weighs 200 grams. If it is

dropped into water, will it sink or float?
Explain your answer. 5cm ·~ 15cm

6 A cube of solid silver has side length 2 cm and mass 84 g.

a Find the density of solid silver.
b Find the mass of a 5 cm by 6 cm by 10 cm block of silver.
7 A cylindrical iron bar has radius 2 cm and length 1.2 m. Find the mass of the bar in kilograms.
8 Belinda has a square-based pyramid made of crystal with
mass 18.3 g and dimensions as shown.
Calculate the density of the crystal.

9 Calculate the average density of a tennis ball with diameter 66 mm and mass 57 g.

WILL IT SINK OR FLOAT?

You will need: ruler, set of scales, container of
water.
What to do:
1 Gather several solid waterproof objects from
around your classroom or your home. The
objects should have a shape that you can
calculate the volume of, such as a rectangular
prism or a cylinder.
I Copy this table and list your objects in it:
Object Prediction Mass Volume Density Result

3 Predict whether each object will sink or float when placed in the container of water.
4 Measure the mass of each object.
5 Measure the dimensions of each object, and hence calculate its volume.
6 Calculate the density of each object. If you wish, you may now change your predictions
about whether each object will sink or float.
7 Place each object in the container of water. Record the result.
330 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

• How is density affected by:

► temperature ► the state of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas)?

• What is special about the solid and liquid states of water?

m COMVERTIMCi RATES
It is sometimes useful to convert a rate into different units so it is easier to understand in the context
of the situation.

2 metres per second is equivalent to 7. 2 kilometres per hour.

Which units are more helpful if you are:
• walking 300 m to the bus stop • hiking for 5 hours?

Example 5 ~~ Self Tutor

A petrol bowser pumps petrol at the rate of 600 L per hour. Write this rate in
L per minute.

In 1 hour, the bowser pumps 600 L.

600
: . in 1 minute, the bowser pumps
60
= 10 L. {1 h = 60 min}
This is a rate of 10 L per minute.

SPEED CONVERSIONS
36
Roger rides his bicycle at 36 km/h = hkm
1 our
36 000 metres
3600 seconds
{1 h = 60 min = 60 x 60 s}
= 10 mis
So, travelling at 10 mis is the same as travelling at 36 km/h.
Notice that travelling at 1 mis is the same as travelling at 3.6 km/h.

• To convert mis into km/h we multiply by 3.6 .

• To convert km/h into mis we divide by 3.6.
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 331

Example 6 II(~ Self Tutor

a A sprinter runs at 11 mis. Convert this speed into km/h.
b An aeroplane travels at 900 km/h. Convert this speed into mis.

a 11 mis b 900 km/h

= 11 X 3.6 km/h = 900 ---a- 3.6 mis
= 39.6 km/h = 250 mis

EXERCISE 16D
1 A fire hose discharges water at the rate of 180 litres per minute. Write this rate in L per hour.
2 Kelly's heart rate is 60 beats per minute. Write her heart rate in:
a beats per second b beats per hour c beats per day.
3 A shower head has a flow rate of 7.5 L per minute. Write this rate in:
a L per hour b mL per second.
It A bamboo plant grows 18 m in 60 days. Write this growth rate in:
a m per day b m per hour c mm per hour.
5 Reg eats 175 g of potato chips per day. Write this rate in:
a grams per week b kilograms per week.
6 The density of a metal is 6.8 g per cm3 . Write this density in kg per m3 .

7 A helium balloon with volume 2000 cm3 contains 358 mg of helium.

a Find the density of helium in mg per cm3 .
b The density of air is approximately 0.0013 g per cm3 . Is helium more dense or less dense
than air?

8 Convert into km/h:

a 200 mis b 45 mis C 27 mis d 800 mis
9 Convert into mis:
a 50 km/h b 110 km/h C 21 km/h d 540 km/h
10 In 2009, Usain Bolt achieved a world record time of 19.19 seconds for the 200 metre sprint.
Write his average speed, correct to 2 decimal places, in:
a mis b km/h.
1 1 Write the following speeds in km/h:
a A sprinter runs 100 min 9.7 seconds.
b A greyhound races 500 m in 29 seconds.
c A horse gallops 2 km in 2 min 10 seconds.
d A swimmer travels 1.5 km in 15 minutes.
e A cheetah sprints 380 min 12.9 seconds.
332 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

12 A hypersonic jet can travel at Mach 5, which is 5 times the speed of sound. Given that the
speed of sound is approximately 340 mis, find the time it would take the jet to fly 12 066 km
from Sydney to Los Angeles. Give your answer in hours and minutes.

II LINE GRAPHS
One way to visualise the relationship between two quantities is to draw a graph of one quantity
against the other.
To determine which quantity to place on which axis, we consider whether the value of one variable
depends on the value of the other.

The dependent variable depends on the

dependent
independent variable. variable
We place the independent variable on the
horizontal axis and the dependent variable on
the vertical axis.
independent
variable

For example, a travel graph for a journey shows the relationship between distance travelled and
the time taken. The distance travelled depends on the time taken, so time is on the horizontal axis
and distance is on the vertical axis.

Example 7 1114® Self Tutor

This travel graph shows the progress of a train travelling distance (km)
240
between cities.
a How far does the train travel in the first 3 hours? 180
b Find the speed of the train for the first 3 hours.
120
C Find the speed of the train during the final hour of
the journey. 60
d Find the average speed of the train for the entire time (h)
journey. 00 2 3 4

a The train travels 180 km in the first 3 hours.

distance travelled = 180 km distance (km)
b Speed= = 60 km/h 240
time taken 3 hours 21()
distance travelled = 30 km = 30 km/h 180
C Speed= I
time taken 1 hour
120 i
total distance travelled j
d Average speed=
total time taken
60
j
210 km . ! (h )
- 4 hours tlme
00 l 2 :3 4
= 52.5 km/h
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 333

EXERCISE 16E
1 This graph shows the progress of a secretary typing 500
words
a document.
400
a How many words did the secretary type in the
first 2 minutes? 300
b How long did the secretary take to type
450 words? 200
c Find the rate at which the secretary can type. 100
time (min)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2 This travel graph shows the progress of a car 250

distance (km)
travelling between towns A, B, and C. C
a How far is it from A to B?
b Find the speed of the car between A and B.
c How far is it from B to C?
d Find the speed of the car between B and C.
e Find the total distance from A to C.
f Find the average speed of the car between A time (h)
and C. 4 5

3 This graph shows how much a student earns for wage($)

working at a service station.
200
a How much does the student receive for working
6 hours?
b Find the student's rate of pay for the first
6 hours.
100
c How much does the student receive for working
8 bouts?
d Find the student's rate of pay for each additional
hour after the first 6 hours. hours worked
o ----------►
e Find the student's average rate of pay for 0 2 4 6 8 10
working 8 hours.

It This travel graph shows the progress of a cyclist distance (km)

80
riding along a flat road.
a Calculate the speed of the cyclist. 60
b Calculate the gradient of the straight line.
Comment on your answer. 40
c Explain the significance of the graph being a 20
straight line.
time (h)
o ------►
0 1 2 3
334 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

Example 8 ~~ Self Tutor

Max has 10 litres of fuel left in his car's petrol tank. When he fills it, petrol is pumped into
the tank at 15 litres per minute. The petrol tank can hold 70 litres.
a Identify the independent and dependent variables.
b For every time increase of 1 minute, what is the change in the amount of petrol in the
tank?
c Copy and complete: Time (min) 0 1 2 3 4
Amount (litres)

d Draw a line graph to display the relationship between the variables.

e Use your graph to find:
I the number of litres of petrol in the tank after 1.5 minutes
ii the time when there are 50 litres of petrol in the tank.

a The amount of petrol in the tank depends on the time it has been filling .
. •. time is the independent variable and the amount ofpetrol is the dependent variable.
b For every time increase of 1 minute, the amount of petrol in the tank increases by 15 litres.

C Time (min) 0 1 2 3 4
Amount (litres) 10 25 40 55 70

d 100
amount (litres)
90
80
70
60
50 - - - - - -
32.5

time (min)
1.5 2 j 3 4 5 6
2.7
e After 1.5 minutes there are 32.5 litres of petrol in the tank.
ii There are 50 litres of petrol in the tank after about 2. 7 minutes.

5 Identify the independent and dependent variables when considering:

a the mass of a kitten and its age in weeks
b the score you achieve for a test and the time you spent studying for it
c the amount of water given to a plant and the amount it grows.
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 335

6 Chickpeas can be bought for $6 per kilogram.

a Copy and complete: Weight of chickpeas (kg) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cost($)

b Identify the independent and dependent variables.

c Draw a line graph to display the relationship between the variables.
d Use your graph to find:
i the cost of 1.5 kg of chickpeas
ii the weight of chickpeas which can be bought for $15.
e Find the gradient of the straight line. Explain your answer.

7 A cargo ship travels between two ports at a constant speed of 40 km/h.

a Copy and complete:

b Identify the independent and dependent variables.

c Draw a travel graph to display the relationship between the variables.
d How far will the ship travel in 2.5 hours?
e How long will the ship take to travel 150 km?
f Find the gradient of the straight line. Explain your answer.

8 A Formula 1 car uses 30 litres of fuel to travel 40 km.

a Copy and complete: Fuel used (L) 0 30 60 90
Distance (km)

b Identify the independent and dependent variables.

c Draw a line graph to display the relationship between the variables.
d Hence find the distance the car would travel on 75 litres of fuel.
e How many litres of fuel would be needed to complete a race of 160 km?
f Find the rate of fuel consumption in kilometres per litre.

9 When Chris took his phone off the charger, it had 80% charge. His phone lost charge at 5%
per hour for the next 3 hours. Chris then used his phone to watch a movie, and his phone lost
charge at 10% per hour for the next two hours.
a Copy and complete: Time (hours) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Charge(%)

b Identify the independent and dependent variables.

c Draw a line graph to display the relationship between the variables.
d Find the charge on the phone after 2.5 hours.
e How long did it take for the charge to fall to 50%?
f Find the average rate at which the charge decreased during the five hours.
336 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

GLOBAL CONTEXT .-_

- - - RENEWABLE ENERGY
Global context: Globalisation and sustainability GLOBAL
CONTEXT
Statement of inquiry: Mathematics is an important tool for making
informed decisions about global issues.
Criterion: Applying mathematics in real-life contexts

QUICK QUIZ

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

REVIEW SET 16A · -~ . - -' - •

1 At a local market it costs $5.10 to buy 0.6 kg of rhubarb.
a Find the price per kilogram of the rhubarb.
b How much would it cost to buy 2.5 kg of rhubarb?
2 Water from a tap will fill a 9 L watering can in 45 seconds.
a Find the rate at which water flows from the tap, in litres per minute.
b How long will it take to fill a 120 L pond?
3 A freight train travels 770 km in 8 hours, while a truck on the highway travels 120 km in
85 minutes. Which mode of transport travels faster?
It A plane travels at 600 km/h for 1 hour, then 750 km/h for 3 hours. Find the total distance
travelled by the plane.
5 Find the density of a 420 g paperweight with volume 150 cm3 .
6 A cube of iridium has side length 6 cm. Given that the density of iridium is 22.56 g/cm3 ,
find the mass of the cube in kilograms.
7 A cat has a resting heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Write this heart rate in:
a beats per second b beats per hour.
8 This graph shows the energy consumed by a 1000
energy (kJ)
space heater.
800
a How much energy did the heater consume
in the first 4 minutes? 600
b How long did it take for the heater to
consume 750 kJ of energy? 400
c Find the rate at which the heater consumes
200
energy.
time (mi n)
o- - - - -- - -- -- -
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16) 337

9 distance (km) Work This travel graph shows Sylvie's progress when
20
driving her car from home to work.
C
15 a How far is it from Sylvie's home to her
work?
10 b How long did it take Sylvie to get to work?
5 c Find Sylvie's average speed for the whole
Journey.
time (min)
20 30
d Find Sylvie's speed between B and C.

10 A particular fabric can be bought for $4 per metre.

a Copy and complete: Length offabric (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cost($)

b Identify the independent and dependent variables.

c Draw a line graph to display the relationship between the variables.
d Use your graph to find:
I the cost of 2.5 m of fabric ii the length of fabric which costs $14.
11 Answer the Opening Problem on page 322.

REVIEW SET 16B- - -~~--

1 In 3 hours on his motorcycle, Trent travels 198 km and uses 11 litres of fuel.
a Find Trent's average speed in km/h.
b Find the fuel consumption of the motorcycle in km/L.

2 In 2013, a house was valued at $580 000. In 2021, it was valued at $676 000.
Find the rate of increase in value, in dollars per year.
3 Alex drove 200 km in 4 hours.
a Find his average speed.
b Driving at this speed, how long would it take Alex to drive 325 km?
c Write Alex's average speed in metres per second.

4 A jogger ran at an average speed of 12 km/h for 35 minutes. How far did she travel?

5 Foam has density 0.03 g/cm3 . Find the mass of a block of foam with volume 24 000 cm3 .
6 A cylinder 10 cm long has diameter 6 cm and mass 200 g. If it is dropped into water, will
it sink or float?
7 A tree grows at a rate of 15 cm per year. Convert this rate into mm per month.
8 A soft drink manufacturer makes 144 000 L of drinks per day. Write this rate in:
a L per hour b kL per week.
338 RATES AND LINE GRAPHS (Chapter 16)

9 This graph shows the progress of a car as it travels distance (km)

200
between cities.
a How far does the car travel in 3 hours? 150
b How long does it take for the car to travel 100 km?
100
c Find the speed of the car.

time (h)
2 3 4
10 A satellite orbits the Earth at a constant speed of 3 km/s.
a Copy and complete: Time (s) 0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (km)

b Draw a travel graph to display the relationship between the variables.

c How far will the satellite travel in 7 seconds?
1 1 Adam is classifying metal samples.
area of end = 1. 75 cm2

~
~ 10cm

Sample A Sample B Sample C

361 g 247 g 184 g
a Calculate the density of each sample.
b Use the table alongside to find the most
Metal Density (g/cm3 )
likely metal of each sample.
ii Explain why the densities do not match Tin 7.37
exactly. Iron 7.87
c Adam's assistant Jamie gives him a 0.36 cm3 Silver 10.49
lump of metal. Jamie says it is platinum. Aluminium 2.70
If the metal is platinum, what should its Iridium 22.56
mass be? Palladium 12.02
ii The actual mass of the sample is 8.12 g. Platinum 21.45
Which metal is it?