Triangle Properties
The properties of the triangle are:
● The sum of all the angles of a triangle (of all types) is equal to 180°.
● The sum of the length of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of
the third side.
● In the same way, the difference between the two sides of a triangle is less than the
length of the third side.
● The side opposite the greater angle is the longest side of all the three sides of a
triangle.
● The exterior angle of a triangle is always equal to the sum of the interior opposite
angles. This property of a triangle is called an exterior angle property.
● Two triangles are said to be similar if their corresponding angles of both triangles
are congruent and the lengths of their sides are proportional.
● Area of a triangle = ½ × Base × Height
● The perimeter of a triangle = sum of all its three sides
Triangle Formula
● Area of a triangle is the region occupied by a triangle in a two-dimensional plane.
The dimension of the area is square units. The formula for area is given by;
Area = 1/2 x Base x Height
● The perimeter of a triangle is the length of the outer boundary of a triangle. To
find the perimeter of a triangle we need to add the length of the sides of the
triangle.
P=a+b+c
● Semi-perimeter of a triangle is half of the perimeter of the triangle. It is
represented by s.
s = (a + b + c)/2
where a, b and c are the sides of the triangle.
● By Heron’s formula, the area of the triangle is given by:
A = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)]
where ‘s’ is the semi-perimeter of the triangle.
● By the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle can be
calculated by the formula:
2 2 2
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
Comparing Quantities:
Prices related to an item
● Prices related to an item are: (i) Selling price
(ii) Cost price
● Selling price (SP) is the price at which a product is sold out.
● Cost price (CP) is the buying price of an item.
● Profit = Selling price – Cost price
● Loss = Cost price – Selling price
● If SP > CP , then it is profit.
● If SP = CP , then it is neither profit nor loss.
● If CP > SP , then it is a loss.
● Increase Price (I) is the price by which a product’s price is increased.
● Decrease Price (D) is the price by which a product’s price is decreased.
Finding the percentages and some formulas
● Profit Percentage = (P/CP)x100
● Loss Percentage = (L/CP)x100
● Increase (N>O) = New Value - Original Value
● Decrease (O>N) = Original Value - New Value
● Increase Percentage = (I / Original Value) x 100
● Decrease Percentage = (D / Original Value) x 100
Important Formulas (Profit and Loss)
1) If there is a gain:
a) Find SP when CP and P% are given: SP = P% of CP + CP
b) FInd CP when SP and P% are given: CP = [100/(100+P%)] x SP
2) If there is a loss
a) Find SP when CP and L% is given: CP = [100/(100-L%)] x SP
b) Find CP when SP and L% is given: CP = 100/(100-L%) x SP
Important Formulas (Increase and Decrease)
1) If there is a increase:
a. Find Original Value when New Value and I% are given:
Original Value = 100/(100+I%) x New value
2) If there is a decrease:
a. Find Original Value when New value and Decrease Percentage is given;
Original Value = 100/(100-D%) x New Value
Important Formulas (Simple Interest)
1) P = Principal amount of money (initial money, usually in rs).
2) T = Time money is invested for. (usually in years)
3) R = Interest Rates (usually per annum.)
4) SI = Simple Interest (Profit / Extra money earned, in rs) = [(P x R x T)/100]
5) A = Exit Amount (Money given back with interest, in rs) = P + SI
Perimeter and Area (Formulas)
Shape Area Perimeter Terms
Circle A = π × r^2 Circumference = r = radius of the circle
2πr
Triangle A=½×b×h S = a+b+c b = base
h = height
a,b and c are the sides of
the triangle
Square A = a2 P = 4a a = length of side
Rectangle A=l×w P = 2(l + w) l = length
w = width
Parallelogram A=b×h P = 2(a+b) a = side
b=base
h=vertical height
Semi-Circle A = ( π × r^2)/2 P= π×r r = radius of the circle
Quadrant (of a A = ( π × r^2)/4 P = (π × r)/2 r = radius of the circle
circle)
Ring (formed A = 𝐴1 − 𝐴2 None 𝐴1 = Area of larger circle
by two circles
with same 𝐴2 = Area of smaller circle
center)
