1
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
“Power Generation Footstep” by Shiraz Afzal, Farrakhan Hafez”. This
paper is all about generating electricity when people walk on the floor. If we
are able to design a power generating floor that can produce 100W on just 12
steps, then for 120 steps we can produce 1000W; and that if we install such
type of 100 floors with this system then it can produce 1MW. As a fact only
11% of renewable energy contributes to our primary energy. If this project is
deployed, then not only we can overcome the energy crises problem but this
also contributes to create a healthy global environmental change. In this
project, a gear system is attached with flywheel which causes to rotate the
dynamo as the tile on the deck is pressed. The power that is created is saved
in the batteries. In addition, we will be able to monitor and control the amount
of electricity generated. When an individual passes it push the tile on the
ground surface which turn the shaft beneath the tile, turn is limited by clutch
bearing which is underpinned by holders. Primary shaft is rotate
approximately twice by a single tile push. The movement of the prevailing
shaft turn the gearbox shaft which builds it 15 times (1:15) then its movement
is smoothen by the help of fly wheel which temporary store the movement,
which is convey to the DC generator (it generates 12V 40 amp at 1000 rpm).
[1]
“Power Generation from Steps” by Ramesh Raja R, Shrien Mathew”.
This research paper attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at
2
a commonly used floor steps. The usage of steps in every building is
increasing day by day, since even every small building has some floors. A
large amount of energy is wasted when we are stepping on the floors by the
dissipation of heat and friction, every time a man steps up using stairs. There
is great possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making
every staircase as a power generation unit. The generated power can be
stored by batteries, and it will be used for lighting the building.[2]
“Generation of Electrical Energy from Foot Step Using Rack and Pinion
Mechanism” by Md.Azhar, Zitender Rajpurohit, Abdul Saif, Nalla Abhinay,
P.Sai Chandu” In this research paper authors used regulated 5V power,
500MA power supply. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the AC
output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. A rack and pinion is a
type of linear actuator including a pair of gears which convert rotational motion
into linear motion. The “pinion" engages teeth on the rack. In this paper, since
the power generation using foot step get its energy requirements from Non-
renewable source of energy. There is no need of power from external sources
and there is less pollution in this source of energy. It is very useful to the
places like all roads and as well as all kinds of footstep which is used to
generate the non-conventional energy like electricity.[3]
“How fossil fuel use threatens kids’ health” By Elizabeth Grossman”.
The burning of fossil fuels — coal, oil and gas — creates pollution that not
only can harm health but also foster climate change. Together these impacts
pose an outsize risk to children, studies show. Their data point to a growing
need for society to better protect kids. That’s the conclusion of a new report.
[4]
3
It was prepared by Frederica Perera. She is a leading expert on health
at Columbia University, in New York City, where she runs the Columbia
Center for Children's Environmental Health. She and her colleagues have
been studying the health effects of pollution and stress. Their findings have
shown, again and again, that both can produce measurable harm to children.
Youngsters who live in poor households and those of color tend to face an
especially high risk of breathing polluted air and encountering stress, her team
has shown. What kind of stress? It might be the anxiety of not always having
enough food to eat. Stress also can develop when children must move
because their parents have lost their homes or jobs. Or it can develop in any
number of other ways.[5]
