Northeastern Mindanao Colleges

Corner Rizal and Amat St.,

8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an
Enhanced Intervention Program

FACTORS INFLUENCING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN BRGY. QUEZON,

MAINIT, SURIGAO DEL NORTE: BASIS FOR AN ENHANCED

INTERVENTION PROGRAM

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

The Dean and Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice

Education Northeastern Mindanao Colleges Surigao

City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

by:

CRISPO, SHEENA MARIE I.

DELA CRUZ, DENIESE MARIE

SALINO, RITCHEL JOY L.

TADO, NIKKI Q.

August 2023
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an
Enhanced Intervention Program

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction 1-2

Framework of the Study 3-5

Schematic Diagram of the Study 6

Statement of the Problem 7-8

Hypothesis 8

Significance of the Study 8-9

Scope and Limitation of the Study 9-10

Definition of Terms 10

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature 11-18

Synthesis 19-20

CHAPTER 3

Method

Research Design 21

Participants of the Study 21

Research Instrument 21-22

Data Gathering Procedure 22

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for
an
Enhanced Intervention Program

Ethical Consideration 23

Data Analysis 23

REFERENCES 24-26

APPENDICES

Appendix A 27

Appendix B 28-32

CURRICULUM VITAE 33-40

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 1
Enhanced Intervention Program

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the problem and its background, framework of the study,
statement of the problem, hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope and limitation,
and the definition of terms.

Introduction
Our national hero, Jose Rizal, has always seen the youth of the Philippines as the

beacon of hope for our country. This belief still holds true today, as evidenced by the

importance the Philippine government and constitution place on the unique attributes and

innovative ideas of the youth, qualities thought to be crucial in driving the country's

advancement (National Economic and Development Authority, 2019). However, despite

being seen as a vital asset of the nation, some of these young individuals unfortunately

veer off the right path and become juvenile delinquents, those who are legally old enough

to be held accountable for a crime because they are above the minimum age of criminal

responsibility. In the context of Philippine law, a child is considered a juvenile at the age

of

18. Alarmingly, more individuals of this age group are getting caught up in juvenile

crimes worldwide, which is progressively becoming a global issue affecting all parts of

society.

We carried out an interview in Brgy Quezon with Hon. Lolong Casupas, a Brgy.

Kagawad, who shared insights about the youth issues in Brgy Quezon. He identified seven
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 2
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(7) main reasons why teenagers become juvenile delinquents: firstly, family problems;

secondly, absence of parental guidance; thirdly, peer pressure; fourthly, lack of social and

ethical upbringing; fifthly, drug abuse; sixthly, financial difficulties; andlastly, mental

health problems. He also pointed out that family, environment, and school are common

elements contributing to juvenile crimes. Interestingly, he suggested that juvenile

delinquency is largely a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. These studies

have
highlighted how both external and internal factors have a significant impact on youth

involvement in criminal activities. Hoping to understand and possibly address this issue at

a community level, we were motivated to undertake this study, recognizing the urgent need

to explore the main factors driving juvenile delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao

del Norte. We focused on personal, family, socioeconomic, community, and educational

aspects of juvenile delinquency to lay a foundation for creating and implementing a more

effective intervention program aimed at preventing and dealing with juvenile delinquency

within the community.

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 3
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Framework of the Study

This research is based on RA. 9344, also known as the Juvenile Justice and

Welfare Act (JJWA), which advocates for a justice system for children that prioritizes

rehabilitation and restoration over punishment. R.A. No. 9344 emphasizes the importance

of promoting the welfare of children and their families, involving parents and guardians,

encouraging diversion, avoiding deprivation of liberty, and safeguarding the privacy

rights of children. The key aspects of R.A. No. 9344 are the diversion and intervention

programs. During the diversion process, the responsibility and treatment of Children in

Conflict with the Law (CICL) are determined based on their social, cultural, economic,

psychological, or educational background, without resorting to formal court procedures. If

the CICL is found to be responsible for an offense, they will be required to participate in

diversion programs, again without resorting to formal court proceedings. In the

intervention programs, they will undertake a range of activities designed to address the

issues that led them to commit an offense. These activities could include counseling, skills

training, and education.

The frame work of the study is illustrated in the schematic diagram shown in

Figure1. The first box on the left side indicated the;

Age. Referring to the number of years lived. This information will assist in

identifying any potential-age related patterns or trends in juvenile delinquency.

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 4
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Sex. This information will provide insights into the potential role of gender on the

factors contribute juvenile delinquency.

Parents Occupation. This data will help identify any connections between

parental occupation and juvenile delinquency, such as the impact of parental financial

stability or occupation-related factors on delinquent behavior.

Civil Status. This variable may offer insights into the influence of family structure

or stability on juvenile delinquency.

Highest Educational Attainment. This variable can assess the potential

relationship between educational background and juvenile delinquency, shedding light on

the role of education in mitigating delinquent behavior.

The second box on the center shows the identified factors as implied in RA 9344 in

terms of:

Family [Link] factor is investigated in the study to understand how familial

relationships and dynamics contribute to or alleviate juvenile delinquency, informing the

development of an improved intervention program.

Personal Factor. This factor is examined in the study to explore individual

characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors that influence juvenile delinquency, aiding in the

formulation of a more effective intervention strategy.

Community Factor. This factor is analyzed in the study to examine the impact of

the community environment, available resources, and social interactions on juvenile

delinquency.
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 5
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Educational Factor. This factor is utilized in the study to evaluate the influence of

educational aspects, such as school engagement and support systems, on juvenile

delinquency. This information contributes to the development of an intervention approach

specifically tailored to educational settings.

Socio-economic Factor. This factor is examined in the study to understand how

economic conditions and opportunities impact the rates of juvenile delinquency in Brgy.

Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte. This knowledge assists in the creation of a targeted

and effective enhanced intervention program.

The third box on the right represents the proposed recommendations that would

contribute to the goal of reducing youth delinquency cases in Brgy. Mainit, Surigao del

Norte.
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 6
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Profile of the Factors Influencing

Respondents in terms of: Juvenile Delinquency
in Brgy. Quezon,
 Age Mainit, Surigao del
 Sex Norte in terms of:
 Parent’s
Occupation  Personal Factor Enhanced
 Civil Status  Family Factor Intervention
 Highest  Community Factor Program
8 Educational  Educational Factor
Attainment  Socio-economic
Factor

Figure1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 7
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Statement of the Problem

Involvement of youths in delinquent acts has been posing attention in many

societies including Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte. Despite efforts to address

such issue, there is still a significant number of youths involved to such acts.

Hence, this study specifically aims to answer the following queries:

1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Parents Occupation;

1.4 Civil Status; and

1.5 Highest Educational Attainment?

2. What are the factors influencing juvenile delinquency in Brgy. Quezon in terms of:

2.1 Personal Factor;

2.2 Family Factor;

2.3 Community Factor;

2.4 Educational Factor; and

2.5 Socio-economic Factor?

3. Is there a significant difference between the factors influencing juvenile delinquency in

Mainit, Surigao del Norte in terms of their profile?

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 8
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4. Based on the results of the study, what enhanced intervention program may

be proposed?

Hypothesis

At 0.05 level of significance, the researcher hypothesized that:

H01: There is no significant difference between the factors influencing to

juvenile delinquency and their profile characteristics.

H02: There is a significant difference between the factors influencing to

juvenile delinquency and their profile characteristics.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study would contribute and would benefit the following:

Youths. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors

influencing juvenile delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte. By

addressing factors such as personal, family, community, educational, and socio-economic

factors, appropriate support systems can be established to promote positive youth

development and reduce the risk of juvenile crime involvement.

Barangay Police Officers. The study's findings can provide valuable insights for

barangay police officers in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte, who play a crucial

role in maintaining peace and order in their communities. This knowledge can enhance

their effectiveness in handling cases involving juvenile offenders, improve community

policing efforts, and contribute to a safer environment for all residents.

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Barangay Officials. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for

barangay officials in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte. This study can guide the

development and implementation of targeted programs and initiatives that address the

identified factors, promote positive youth development, and reduce the prevalence of

juvenile delinquency within the barangay.

Future Researchers. This study can serve as a foundational reference for future

research endeavors on juvenile delinquency. It provides a framework for examining the

relationship between various factors and their impact on juvenile delinquency.

Additionally, the study can inspire comparative studies across different regions or

communities, facilitating a broader understanding of the issue and the development of

context-specific interventions.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This scope of the study was be limited in terms of focus, participants, time and

place. This is due to researcher convenience and accessibility of the respondents that is

why this study will have limitations stated below.

Focus. This research aimed to investigate the factors influencing juvenile

delinquency, specifically focusing on personal, family, community, educational, and

socio- economic factors among juveniles in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

Participants. The study's participants were selected from residents of Brgy.

Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte who were 30 years old and above.
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The research randomly selected respondents from the total population, considering factors

such as age, sex, type of family, socioeconomic status, civil status, parent's occupation, and

highest educational attainment.

Time and Place. This study was conducted in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del

Norte, focusing on the specific context of this

location.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are operationally defined to guide readers to have clear minds

as to its use and purposes.

Juvenile Delinquency. Juvenile delinquency refers to the actions of young individuals,

specifically those below 18 years old, who engage in behavior that is against the law. It

can also be used as a legal term to describe criminal behavior committed by minors.

Youth. In this study, the term "youth" refers to individuals in the stage of adolescence or

young adulthood, typically ranging from the teenage years to early adulthood. Within the

context of this research, it specifically pertains to individuals within the specified age

range who reside in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

Socio-economic Status. Socio-economic status refers to an individual's or family's

position or standing within society, which is determined by various factors including

income, education, occupation, and social status. It is a measure of an individual's or

family's economic resources and social standing, which can significantly influence their

access to opportunities and resources.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This area includes a wealth of related material from published journals and the

internet, including publications and past studies pertaining to the current topic.

One of the major issues that practically every community in the globe, including

the Philippines, is currently dealing with is juvenile delinquency. The Philippine National

Police issued figures from 2012 to 2015, and they show that crimes against property

account for nearly 60% of juvenile offenses. Theft, robbery, malicious mischief, and estafa

are a few of them, according to PNP figures from 2012 to 2015. However, 36% of the

crimes perpetrated by minors during the same period were crimes against humans, which

include rape, attempted rape, acts of lasciviousness, bodily injuries, murder, attempted

murder, seduction, severe threats, abduction, and homicide. While minors have historically

been the victims of small-time crimes, it is said that young criminals are becoming bolder

and younger. These days, some kids are involved in horrible actions that might land them

in a lifelong prison. The top 3 crimes committed by minors in 2015 were stealing, bodily

harm, and rape. In 2015, there were 3,715 theft cases and 1,859 bodily harm cases

reported. Data from the criminal Incident and Reporting System of the PNP Directorate

for Intelligence and Investigative Management show that there have been 642 occurrences

of rape with juvenile perpetrators. There were 11,324 child-related criminal incidents in

2018, which is

21% less than the 14,409 overall cases of juveniles breaking the law in 2017 (CICL).
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Sadly, despite their urgency, the crime prevention programs designed to address this issue

are either nonexistent or ill-prepared to handle the reality of the modern world. The latter is

particularly true for a large number of developing nations that have made minimal to no

progress in addressing issues associated with adolescent misbehavior. Third-world nations

appear to merely rely on easily constructed international programs that are manifestly

insufficient, rather than developing more contextualized interventions that would respond

to the subtle characteristics of the problem. Rich countries are more productive in their

efforts to prevent juvenile crime than developing countries are, despite the latter's lack of

urgency. This is because the mechanisms in place are frequently insufficient to deal with

the current state of affairs, which results in a relatively weak overall impact from these

programs. This suggests that the failure of state governments and appropriate societal

instrumentalities to strictly, effectively, and efficiently implement programs and policies

that concern the prevention and suppression of juvenile crimes is just as much of a problem

as these young offenders.

1. Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency

Children, as we all know, are among the most vulnerable members of society and

require the greatest care and security. It's crucial to remember that because of their

susceptibility, children are readily impacted by the different elements in their

environment. This means that if they grow up in an unsuitable setting, they could acquire

traits and behaviors that lead to juvenile delinquency (Marpna, 2017).

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1.1 Personal Factors

Several studies refute the notion that the delinquent behavior of children is exclusively

the result of outside influences. Zuckerman (1971) proposed in a journal entry that a

person's intrinsic need for excitement is a major factor in their decision to take risks.

According to him, this "urge" is the need to engage in new and complicated sensations

and experiences, which can only be satiated by engaging in physical, external stimuli-

response behavior. According to this theory, impulsivity is strongly correlated with

delinquent behavior, according to the journal "Personality and Individual Differences"

(Hampson, Severson, Burns, Slovic, & Fisher, 2001). The journal demonstrated how less

impetuous people with strong ego control made more thoughtful decisions by thoroughly

assessing the advantages and disadvantages of their activities, which led to favorable

results and benign behaviors.

1.2 Family Factors

Within Alcantara's research, C. J. R. According to (2019), a broken family is one of the

four factors that contribute to kids becoming juvenile offenders. A child experiencing a

damaged family relationship may turn violent or turn to others for attention. Second, poor

communication can lead to the youngster losing understanding and trust, which will

diminish his or her confidence and sense of self. He or she will eventually take up the bad

habits of his or her peers, like stealing and drug [Link] their study of the common factors

leading to juvenile delinquent acts, Bocar et al. (2012) supported this idea by viewing the

.
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family as the first and most fundamental institution in society, where a child learns to
control
his desires and accept rules that specify the time, place, and circumstance. The family

provides for the child's own needs in a way that is acceptable to society. However, the
child's
own family is more likely to encourage him or her to become delinquent because of things

like (1) improper child development, (2) absentee parenting, (3) lack of maternal affection,

(4) unfair treatment, and (5) broken homes and parental rejection. Additionally, Fagan, A.
A.
(2013) noted that parents who fail to intervene or who support beliefs that encourage

abnormal behavior. Children's misbehavior makes it more likely that they will see
delinquent
behavior as appropriate to achieve particular goals, especially if they believe there are more

advantages to delinquency than disadvantages. In addition, parents who breach the law or

indulge in deviance provide an example of illegal behavior for their kids to follow.
According
to the self-control theory (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990), family influences are primarily

indirect. Children develop highlevels of self-control when their parents actively monitor
their
behavior, set and communicate clear expectations that delinquency is not acceptable, and

reward compliance (while punishing transgressions). The social bonding theory (Hirschi,

1969) emphasizes the immediate consequences of parenting techniques, especially the

emotive ties that form between parents and children. Parents build strong, positive

relationships with their children when they are affectionate toward them, communicate with

them in an effective manner, give them opportunities to participate in family activities, and

positively acknowledge their children when they behave well and abstain from crime.

Adolescents who feel a strong bond with their parents avoid

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engaging in problematic behaviors to avoid the possibility of losing their affection and

acceptance. Furthermore, family stressors including parent-child conflict and child abuse

are among the strains that are most likely to cause juvenile deviation. Children are prone to

feel significant negative emotions (such as rage, anxiety, or depression) as a result of these

traumatic experiences. As a result, young people may resort to substance abuse, hostility, or

other deviant behavior in an effort to lessen or eliminate these emotions.

1.3 Socio-Economic Factors

These delinquent Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) are frequently placed in

trying situations. The majority of them are byproducts of their surroundings. There are

obvious things all around them that could endanger them or drive them to do crimes. In

actuality, the majority of these young criminals are either street kids from low-income

households or were raised by adoptive parents. There has been a lot of conjecture

regarding the impact of social stratification patterns on youth due to the correlation

between poverty and high rates of delinquency in certain regions and research on

the socioeconomic background of criminals. According to studies, there are differences in

delinquency rates and types among various ecological zones. Even those from middle-

class and upper-class backgrounds had higher rates of delinquency in high-rate areas

compared to low-rate areas. It is impossible to determine the exact amount of delinquency

in any one nation, much less to compare the amount of delinquency from one nation to

another or from the past to the [Link] the same research, Alcantara, C. J. R. (2019), he
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also found that juveniles' need for money is a major influence in their decision to start

committing crimes like theft in order to improve their financial circumstances.

Additionally, he believed that a child's lack of social and moral instruction, which results

in bad interpersonal interactions, can cause them to become conceited and egotistical and

teach them to disrespect authority figures and the law. Ferdoos & Ashiq (2015) provided

an explanation of one potential cause of this social divide, pointing out that urbanization

diminishes personal social ties, increases dependency on media, and promotes the trend

toward anonymity.

1.4 Community Factors

After the child's initial, most formative years, here is where they are influenced. His or

her peers in the neighborhood could persuade him or her to turn criminal. He or she

eventually becomes a victim of their own surroundings, mindset, attire, preferences,

aspirations, and even behavior, all of which have already been shaped by the antisocial

behaviors that have been witnessed in their community. A few of the causes include: (1)

affiliations with criminal organizations; (2) drug and alcohol addiction; (3) environments

that encourage crime and foster criminalistics tendencies; and (4) mimicked instincts such

as aggressiveness, selfishness, and antisocial desires. Additionally, Miller, S. L., & Liu,

L.

(2020) stated that a young person who is well-adjusted and integrated into society—that
is,

who internalizes conventional values and conventions, holds conventional expectations of

success, and forms attachment to parents—is less likely to engage in delinquency. This
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appropriate socialization leads to conformity, and individuals who do not build pro-social

appropriate socialization leads to conformity, and individuals who do not build pro-social

relationships are more likely to become delinquent. According to Hirschi's Causes of

Delinquency (1969), a social tie is formed by four factors. The emotional bonds that

young people develop with important people are correlated with attachment. Young

people who form strong emotional bonds with their parents avoid disobeying them out of

consideration for their parents' feelings. The goal of attending college and landing a high-

status career is linked to commitment. Adolescents who are dedicated to these life

objectives are less likely to commit crimes. The third component is Participation, or

taking part in customary activities. Miller, S. L., and Liu, L. (2020) Adolescents require

closeness, support, and interpersonal ties; those who they feel near to have a discernible

impact on a variety of facets of their lives. Youth who have strong relationships with their

parents, instructors, and mentors at school are more likely to uphold these pro-social

people's standards and abstain from acting in ways that are not appropriate. Youth who

associate with and grow attached to peers who engage in criminal activity and who they

perceive as admirable, acceptable, or defensible conform to the expectations of their peers

and these ideals (Liu, L., & Miller, S. L., 2020).

1.5 School or Educational

Factor

The school serves as the public tool for training youth, as opposed to the family. As a

result, schools have greater direct access to changing kids through the creation of new
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tools and regulations. The primary institutions for guiding youth toward the objectives and

ideals of society are schools. One way that the school will contribute to juvenile
delinquency
is if it fails to help the kids develop their character. Moreover, truancy, the use of techniques

that make pupils feel unsuccessful or frustrated, and a lack of resources for extracurricular

and curricular activities are some of the other factors that contributed to juvenile

delinquency. Liu, L., and S. L. Miller. (2020) discovered that those with weaker ties to their

parents and school do not view the support and closeness that comes from them.

Consequently, they may fill the gap in their interpersonal interaction needs by going to

unconventional places, such as hanging out with oddball peer groups.

2. Interventions & Preventive Measures for Juvenile Delinquency

Purana & Rato (2021) recommended seven (7) preventive approaches and interventions

that almost all community stakeholders can implement to reduce and mitigate the problem

of juvenile delinquency. First, a thorough education campaign about the issue should be

launched; second, severe penalties should be imposed; third, training and rehabilitation

facilities should be established; fourth, formal educational institutions should be given

more authority; fifth, community organizations and other social parties should be

encouraged to carry out their work as scaffolds; sixth, private institutions should be

contacted; and seventh, neighborhood and community social institutions should be

supported.

Investigation

Juvenile courts in the US dealt with 818,900 delinquent cases in 2017, which included
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minors accused of breaking the law. This was 2% less instances than in 2016.

Synthesis. The referenced literature is pertinent to the current investigation since it

provided details on the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (JJWA) of 2006, also known as

RA 9344. Juvenile delinquency is acknowledged as a severe issue globally, despite

variations in language and legal systems throughout states. The body of research

underlines the shortcomings of crime prevention initiatives as well as the necessity of

putting policies and programs into action successfully. Statistics from the Philippines

about the different kinds of juvenile offenses show that crimes against property make up

the largest share of juvenile offenders, followed by crimes against [Link]

most minor crimes are committed by kids and teenagers, there is rising concern that

younger people are committing more serious and horrific crimes. The evolving dynamics

of adolescent criminality are reflected in these patterns. Numerous studies have shown

that a number of factors lead to adolescent delinquency. Teens who become delinquents

are frequently blamed for their actions by their families, themselves, their lack of

communication skills, their financial situation, and their lack of social and moral

education. Juvenile delinquent conduct is said to be influenced by fast industrialization

and urbanization. Family dynamics can play a role in delinquency, including poor child

development, absentee parenting, and shattered homes. The environment is very important

because it shapes young people's conduct through imitation of anti-social behavior,

associations with criminal groups, substance misuse, and crime-inducing circumstances.

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Due to their role in character development and the dissemination of social ideals, schools

also have a big influence. Juvenile delinquency can be influenced by truancy, inadequate

facilities, tactics that cause pupils to feel frustrated or unsuccessful, and shortcomings in

school-based character development. In conclusion, every study stressed the significance of

tackling underlying issues in order to actualize the successful execution of policies and

programs, as well as the necessity of having a comprehensive grasp of the elements that

lead to juvenile delinquency in order to lessen this social issue.

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 21
Enhanced Intervention Program

CHAPTER 3

METHOD

This chapter presents the research design, participant of the study,

research instruments, data gathering procedure, ethical consideration, and data analysis.

Research Design

A quantitative-descriptive research design will be used for this investigation.

Quantitative research, according to Suphat (2005), is the process of representing and

manipulating observations numerically in order to describe and explain the phenomena

that those observations reflect. Meanwhile, descriptive research is described as a research

strategy used to accurately explain existent occurrences by Atmowardoyo (2018).

Participants of the study

To ascertain the participant count, the investigator employed the expedient

purposive sampling method. The Brgy locals are the study's participants, those who do not

meet the 30-year-old and above age requirement in Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

Research Instrument

This study used a questionnaire that the researcher created. Age, sex, parent's occupation,

marital status, and greatest level of education were all polled in Part I. A survey on the

variables influencing adolescent delinquency in the Brgy. will be included in Part 2.

Mainit, Quezon, Surigao del Norte.

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 22
Enhanced Intervention Program

Test of Validity. Three experts will examine the research instruments to confirm their

validity: a Criminology Expert, an English Teacher, and a member of the Panel of

Experts. Reliability Examination. To make sure our research tool is understandable, it

will undergo a dry run, or reliability test, conducted by non-participants.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will write to the dean of CCJE to request authorization to carry out this

study off campus. The primary data required for this study will be obtained through the

respondent's participation in completing the survey. Is an attempt to understand what

causes juvenile delinquency in the Brgy. in order for the target respondents to participate,

the researchers will contact respondents in Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte at their

convenience and request that they complete the survey questionnaire. By using this

strategy, the researchers may make sure that the "Mainitnons," the intended respondents,

will most likely participate as planned. After the papers are released to the community, the

researchers will review the survey questionnaires to see if the anticipated level of

engagement has been reached. The researchers will begin collecting the data after

they have optimized the responses.

 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 23
Enhanced Intervention Program

Ethical Consideration

The residents will be informed by the researchers to voluntarily take part in the

study. Both the locals and the environment appeared to be unharmed by this study. The

respondents' privacy and security were also important to the researchers. The collected

data would be reasonable, believable, and valid when used and used in the research, with

no information obtained outside of the project being disclosed. In order to provide updates

on the project, the researchers would take care to keep in touch with the respondents.

Data Analysis

The study employed statistical tools such as the following to examine the collected data:

Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution. The number of participants in

terms of age, marital status, level of education, and occupation will be ascertained through

the use of this research instrument.

Mean and Standard Deviation. The average level for each factor in the sample of

young people from Brgy can be found by the researchers by computing the mean. Mainit,

Quezon, Surigao del Norte. The standard deviation shows how evenly or consistently the

responses vary with respect to each factor.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Will be utilized to determine whether the

characteristics of kids in Brgy who belong to distinct groups or profiles differ significantly

in the causes that lead to their involvement in crimes. Mainit, Quezon, Surigao del Norte.

The results of an ANOVA analysis show if the means of the components vary statistically

significantly between profiles.

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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 24
Enhanced Intervention Program

REFERENCES

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Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 372.

Alcantara,C.J.R.(2019).JUVENILEDELINQUENCYINMANILA,PHILIPPINES.

Arora, P. (2018). An Insight into Alarming Rise in Incidence of Violence against

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Bhowmick,N.(2013).“Rape in India: Why It Sems Worse. Retrieved from

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Bocar, A. C., Mercado, M., Macahis, J., &Serad, N. (2012). Common factors of juvenile

delinquent acts. Available at SSRN 2191280.

Buecher, M. N. (2017). Violence Against Children Knows No Boundaries” Forbes.

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BusinessMirror. (2022, May 20). What causes juvenile delinquency in the Philippines?

BusinessMirror. [Link] delinquency-

in-the-philippines/
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8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 25
Enhanced Intervention Program

Caparas, M. E. and Amparado, M. P. (2012). “Women’s Awareness on the Law on Anti

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Ferdoos, A., &Ashiq, A. (2015). Impact of Urbanization on Juvenile Delinquency: A

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Gahar, R.B. Philippine Youth Gangs and Delinquent: An Overview.

Hampson, S., Severson, H., Burns, W., Slovic, P., & Fisher, K. (2001). Risk perception,

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Liu, L., & Miller, S. L. (2020). Protective factors against juvenile delinquency:

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8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 26
Enhanced Intervention Program

National Economic and Development Authority.(2019, October 23). Championing The

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Purana, I., &Rato, J. (2021).Cause Factors of Juvenile Delinquency Symptomsin Class

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Young, S., Greer, B., & Church, R. (2017). Juvenile delinquency, welfare, justice and

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Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 27
Enhanced Intervention Program

APPENDIX A

LETTER OF REQUEST
 Northeastern Mindanao
Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 28
Enhanced Intervention Program

APPENDIX B

A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

FACTORS INFLUENCING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN BRGY.

QUEZON, MAINIT, SURIGAO DEL NORTE: BASIS FOR AN ENHANCED
INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Greetings participants!
Thank you for participating in this survey. The purpose of this study is to explore
the factors that influence juvenile delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del
Norte. Your responses will help researchers gain insights into this important issue and
potentially inform future interventions and policies.
Please answer the following statements to the best of your knowledge and
experience. Your participation is voluntary, and all responses will be kept confidential.

Directions: The survey will have two parts; Part 1 will be on the demographic profile.
Part
2 will be the survey statements. Please indicate a check (/) on the box provided or write
the
answer if it needs to.
Part1. Demographic Profile
Age:
Sex: Male Female

Parent’s Occupation (please specify):

Civil Status of parents: Single Married Divorced
Widowed
Educational Attainment:
Nursery – Kindergarten
Grade 1 – 3
Grade 4–5
High School
Senior High School
College
Out of school

Part2: Factors Influencing Juvenile

Delinquency
Base your response on the Likert scale
below.
5 – Strongly Agree 2 - Disagree
4 – Agree 1 – Strongly Disagree
3 – Neutral
 Northeastern Mindanao
Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 29
Enhanced Intervention Program

Personal Factors 5 4 3 2 1
1. The lack of personal responsibility and
self-discipline can lead them to commit
crime.
2. I feel that a lack of positive role models in
the community contributes to the likelihood
of juvenile delinquent behavior.
3. Less likely to participate in criminal
activity or dedicate themselves to
worthwhile endeavors.
4. I believe that peer pressure negatively
influences juvenile behavior and increases
the risk of delinquency.
5. Adverse childhood experiences like
physical, mental and emotional abused.
6. Dullness of purpose and goals in life
7. I think that substance abuse is a major
factor contributing to juvenile delinquency
in our community.
8. I believe that lack of awareness about the
legal consequences of delinquent behavior
contributes to its occurrence.

Family Factors 5 4 3 2 1
1. I believed that lack of communication,
parental guidance and positive attachment to
his or her parents can lead to commit
juvenile delinquency.
2. I feel that inconsistent parenting practices
contribute to the risk of juveniles engaging
in delinquent activities.

3. Consistent absence of a guardian or a

parent why juvenile crimes are on the rise.
Since the ability to tell wrong from right isn’t
present.
 Northeastern Mindanao
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Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 30
Enhanced Intervention Program

4. I believe that a history of family violence

or dysfunction increases the chances of a
juvenile engaging in delinquency.
5. I am of the opinion that financial
instability with in a family can lead to
juvenile delinquent behavior.
6. I feel that a lack of parental supervision
contributes to the occurrence of juvenile
delinquency.
7. Lack of supervisions of parents leads to
the exposure of all sorts of content on
television, making the child want to model
8. Children who are raised in inadequate
parenting practices affect their ability to
form healthy relationships often lead to
lack of
confidence, self-worth and low self-esteem.
Community Factors 5 4 3 2 1
1. I believe that lack of recreational and
community centers contributes to juvenile
delinquency.
2. Lack of collaboration in community
services and activities.
3. I think that high levels of unemployment
in the community contributes to juvenile
delinquency.
4. I am of the opinion that neighborhood
crime and violence negatively influence
juvenile behavior.
5. Attachment or allegiance to peers like
gang membership and gang-related crime.
6. I feel that limited access to affordable
healthcare services increases the risk of
juvenile delinquent behavior.
7. I think that a lack of community-based
Programs and initiatives contributes to the
occurrence of juvenile delinquency.
 Northeastern Mindanao
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Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 31
Enhanced Intervention Program

8. Lack of participation in continuous

learning about community policing and
law of enforcement.

Educational Factors 5 4 3 2 1
1. Uninspiring and derivative school
environment.
2. Poor quality education and educational
resources are limited.
3. I think that bullying and peer conflicts in
schools contribute to the risk of juveniles
engaging in delinquent activities.
4. I am of the opinion that truancy and
academic disengagement increase the
chances of a juvenile engaging in
delinquency.
5. Poor school performance and exhibit
behavior problems are more likely to be
involved in violent crimes.
6. I feel that a lack of awareness about
available educational opportunities
contributes to juvenile delinquency.
7. Low in addressing disciplinary issues and
lack of implementing restorative justice
practices in schools.
8. Negative labeling based on academic
achievement, race, behavior and social
characteristics.

Socio-economic Factors 5 4 3 2 1
1. High levels of unemployment in our
community contribute to the risk of juvenile
delinquency.
 Northeastern Mindanao
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Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
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Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 32
Enhanced Intervention Program

2. Lower levels of education are associated

with a greater risk in committing juvenile
delinquency.
3. Unstable employment can lead to loss of
compensation and employee benefits
creating psychosocial stress increases the
risk of juvenile delinquency.
4. Lack of affordable healthcare services
increases the risk of juvenile delinquent
behavior.
5. Limited availability of extracurricular
activities and recreational facilities
contributes to juvenile delinquency.
6. Individuals with lower incomes lack
economic resources, resulting in social
disadvantage, poor education, poor working
conditions, housing insecurity, and residence
in unsafe neighborhoods. These may affect
behavioral and physiological pathways that
may lead in engaging delinquent acts.
7. I believe that poverty and economic
disparities within the community influence
juvenile behavior negatively.
8. Food insecurity negatively affects health
and increases the risk for juvenile
delinquency.

Thank you very much for your participation!

 Northeastern Mindanao
Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 33
Enhanced Intervention Program

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Sheena Marie I. Crispo

Age : 23 years old

Date of Birth : March 31, 2000

Place of Birth : Brgy. Washington Surigao del Norte

Address : Washington Surigao del Norte

Civil Status : Single

Nationality : Filipino

Email Address : crisposheenamarie305@[Link]

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Carlos S. Crispo

Mother’s name : Marcellina I. Crispo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : C. V Diez Memorial Central Elementary School

Brgy. Washington, Surigao del Norte

2013-2014

Junior High School : Surigao City National High School

Surigao del Norte

2017-2018
 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 34
Enhanced Intervention Program

Senior High School : Surigao City National High School

Brgy. Washington, Surigao del Norte

2019-2020

Tertiary : Northeasthern Mindanao Colleges

Rizal Corner Amat Street

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 35
Enhanced Intervention Program

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Deniese Marie S. Dela Cruz

Age : 22 years old

Date of Birth : October 06, 2001

Place of Birth : Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte

Address : Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte

Civil Status : Single

Nationality : Filipino

Email Address : delacruzdeniesemarie@[Link]

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Dennis S. Dela Cruz

Mother’s name : Rosemarie S. Dela Cruz

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Quezon Elementary School

Mainit, Surigao del Norte

2013-2014

Junior High School : Mainit National High School

(MNHS) Mainit, Surigao del Norte

2017-2018
 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 36
Enhanced Intervention Program

Senior High School : Mainit National High School

(MNHS) Mainit, Surigao del Norte

2019-2020

Tertiary : Northeasthern Mindanao Colleges

Rizal Corner Amat Street

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 37
Enhanced Intervention Program

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Ritchel Joy L. Salino

Age : 23 years old

Date of Birth : December 11, 2000

Place of Birth : Brgy. Magsaysay, Mainit, Surigao del

Norte Address : Brgy. Magsaysay, Mainit, Surigao del

Norte Civil Status : Single

Nationality : Filipino

Email Address : salinoritcheljoy8@[Link]

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Rogelio A. Salino

Mother’s name : Rosemarie L. Salino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Mainit Central Elementary School

Mainit, Surigao del Norte

2013-2014
 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 38
Enhanced Intervention Program

Junior High School : Mainit National High School

(MNHS) Mainit, Surigao del Norte

2017-2018

Senior High School : Mainit National High School

(MNHS) Mainit, Surigao del Norte

2019-2020

Tertiary : Northeasthern Mindanao Colleges

Rizal Corner Amat Street

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 39
Enhanced Intervention Program

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Nikki Q. Tado

Age : 22 years old

Date of Birth : July 18, 2001

Place of Birth : Pob. Tubod, Surigao del Norte

Address : Pob. Tubod, Surigao del Norte

Civil Status : Single

Nationality : Filipino

Email Address :
nikkitado568@[Link]

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Nicolas L. Tado

Mother’s name : Aileen Q. Tado

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Tubod Central Elementary School

Pob. Tubod, Surigao del Norte

2013-2014
 Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Factors Influencing Juvenile Delinquency in Brgy. Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte: Basis for an 40
Enhanced Intervention Program

Junior High School : Tubod National High School

Pob. Tubod, Surigao del Norte

2017-2018

Senior High School : Tubod National High School

Tubod, Surigao del Norte

2019-2020

Tertiary : Northeasthern Mindanao Colleges

Rizal Corner Amat Street

Bachelor of Science in Criminology