MODULE 2 Introduction to Human Body
Activity 1: Organization of the Body
1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Organelles
4. Cells
5. Tissues
6. Organs
7. Organ Systems
8. Organism
Activity 2.1 Know your Body Type!
Let us know your body type, and see how likely you’ll have a disease based on your risk category.
You’ll need tape measure for this activity.
Follow the instructions below:
1. Measure your waist at the narrowest part of the torso.
2. Measure your hip at the level of the maximum extension of the buttocks.
3. To calculate the waist-to-hip ratio, divide the waist circumference (in cm.) by hip circumference
(in cm.)
H= 85 cm
W= 58 cm
WHR= W/H
WHR= 58 cm/ 85 cm
WHR= 0.7
Activity 2.2. Interpretation of Waist-to-hip Ratio
Based on the Table 13: Waist-to-hip ratio, answer the following questions below:
1. What is your waist-to-hip ratio? What can you say about it? Based on the result, are
you healthy or not?
My waist-to-hip ratio is 0.7, and according to World Health Organization (WHO), a healthy WHR
for women is 0.85 and below. The WHR with 0.81-0.85 is moderate on health risk, and 0.80 and
lower WHR is low health risk. Based on the given results, my WHR is healthy because it is ranges
0.80 below and that shows a low for health risk.
Source: [Link]
2. What is your risk category? If it’s high, what do you plan to do to make it low, if it’s
low, how will you maintain it?
It is low risk and I think I will maintain it by maintaining the same routine and diet that I have.
Let’s Wrap Up
MODULE 2 Introduction to Human Body
Answer the following questions to check what you learned from this module.
1. What are the three things that you learned from this module?
I have learned that:
1. There are anatomical terminologies for the structures and movements of the body and the
different organ systems
2. I have a low health risk according to the results of my waist-to-hip ratio.
3. There are different body posture and postural deviation that a person might have.
2. What are the two things that you will do to apply what you learned?
The two things that I will do to apply what I have learned from this module are:
1. I will continue to maintain my body’s WHR by having a healthy diet.
2. I will start to practice the tips that this module have for me to improve my body posture.
3. What is the one thing that you commit to do to improve your body posture?
The one thing that I will do for me to improve my body posture is to keep on practicing the things
that is stated on this module to have a good body posture especially when I am sitting at the desk
because nowadays sitting on the desk is the thing that I most do.
Assessment Part 1
Let’s check if you learned something from this module.
For the first part of this assessment, read the questions carefully and choose the correct answer. For
the second part, you have to reflect on your answers.
Part I: Multiple Choice Direction: Analyze the following questions and encircle the correct answers.
1. Which of the following terms describe the metabolic units within a cell that perform a specific
function necessary to the life of the cell?
a. Atoms b. Molecules
c. Organs d. Organelles
2. Which of the following forms the organ systems?
a. Molecules b. Organs
c. Human person d. Organ systems
3. Which of the following organ systems is responsible in keeping the body’s posture movement,
and production of heat?
a. Integumentary system b. Lymphatic system
c. Muscular system d. Skeletal system
4. Anatomical terms are based on the body being in the anatomical position, which of the following
terms focuses on the division of the body, or organ, into sections?
a. Anatomical terms of movement b. Body planes
c. Body regions d. Directional terms
MODULE 2 Introduction to Human Body
5. Which group of anatomical terms of movement referred to the increasing and decreasing of the
angle between two body parts?
a. Adduction and Abduction b. Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
c. Elevation and Depression d. Flexion and Extension
6. Which of the following is true about both circumduction and rotation?
a. It can both occur within the vertebral column, such as the ball-and-socket joint.
b. It is both the movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body
region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.
c. Rotation involves the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a
joint, while circumduction of the body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the
small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae.
d. All of the above
7. Which of the anatomical terms are terms used to described movements at the ankle?
a. Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion b. Elevation and Depression
c. Flexion and Extension d. Supination and Pronation
8. Which of the following traits belong to an ectomorph body type?
a. Athletic and strong b. Classic “hard gainer”
c. Gains muscle and fat very easily. d. Find it hard to lose fat.
9. Which of the following body types is characterized by predominance of structures such as bones,
muscle, and connective tissue?
a. Ectomorph b. Endomorph
c. Mesomorph
10. Which of the following postural deviation is characterized as the chest is flat and usually the
pectoral muscles are shortened while the longitudinal back muscles are lengthened?
a. Forward head b. Lordosis
c. Round shoulder d. Winged scapulae
11. Which of the following is not true about scoliosis?
a. It is a lateral curvature of the vertebral column.
b. Deformities could either be single or a compound curve.
c. The name of the types of scoliosis is letter “C” and letter “S”.
d. It is observed when the normal curve of the thoracic as well as the lumbar vertebrae are increased.
12. Which of the following best describes pes planus?
a. It is a decreased longitudinal arch of the feet.
b. It is observed when the knees are drawn together and the feet becomes separated.
c. It is a deviation where there is over curvature in the lumbar vertebrae.
d. It is an increased longitudinal arch of the feet.
Part II: Essay (4 points each) Direction: Read the questions below and briefly explain your answers.
Refer to the rubric below for your guidance.
1. What is homeostasis? How is it important in your life?
MODULE 2 Introduction to Human Body
Homeostasis refers to the body's tendency to keep internal conditions like temperature and blood
sugar at relatively consistent and stable levels. The ability of an organism to regulate multiple
physiological processes in order to keep internal conditions stable and balanced is referred to as
homeostasis. It is important in our life because homeostasis maintains ideal conditions for enzyme
functioning and all cell activities throughout the body. It is the preservation of a constant internal
environment in the response to changing internal and external situations.
2. Feedback is the signal sent by effector, in your own words, explain the difference between
negative and positive feedback. How does it work to maintain homeostasis?
The distinction between negative and positive feedback systems is that the reaction in negative
feedback systems reverses the original stimulus, whereas the response in positive feedback systems
amplifies it. Negative feedback loops are common in homeostasis, and they are used to offset
changes in different characteristics from their set points. When the output of a system serves to
diminish or dampen the processes that contribute to that system's output, the outcome is reduced
output. Negative feedback loops, in general, allow systems to settle on their own. The body's
equilibrium is controlled by negative feedback. Positive feedback loops are defined by their
capacity to sustain and even increase the direction of a stimulus. It pushes a system farther from its
equilibrium point. It accomplishes this by amplifying the impacts of a product or event, and it
happens when something must occur rapidly.
