IP Address
IP Addresses
• Structure of an IP address
• Subnetting
• CIDR
• IPv6 address
1
IP Addresses in Use
Example for IP Header in sending a package (of info)
from the source address
to the destination address
2
IP Addresses in Use
Example for IP header in sending a package (of info)
from address [Link]
to address [Link]
3
What is an IP Address?
• An IP address is a unique global address used for a network interface
on word wide web.
• An IP address:
• is an ID with 32 bit long
• encodes a network number (network prefix) and a host number
4
Dotted Decimal Notation
• An IP address is 4 bytes and often written in dotted decimal notation
• Each byte is identified by a value in the range [0..255]:
• Example:
10000000 10001111 10001001 10010000
1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd Byte 4th Byte
= 128 = 143 = 137 = 144
[Link]
5
Network prefix and Host number
• An IP address encodes a network number (network prefix) and a host
number
• The network prefix identifies a network
• The host number identifies a specific host (actually, interface on the
network).
• How long the network prefix is?
• The network prefix was implicitly defined (by address classes A, B, C, D, E)
• Now it is flexible and is indicated with a netmask
6
Example
• An IP address is [Link] or 10000000.10001111.10001001.10010000 in binary.
• The above IP address is in the class B (see the next slide) which has the network prefix 16 bit long.
• It means the network mask is: [Link]; hex format: [Link].00.00; binary format
1111.1111.0000.000
• For short, use prefix notation IP address: [Link]/16
• IP address AND Netmask = [Link] = Network ID
• IP address AND inverse of Netmask = 137.144 = Host number
7
Classful IP Addresses
• Internet address space is standardized (early 1980s) and divided into
classes:
• Class A: Network prefix is 8 bits long. IP address starts with “0”
• Class B: Network prefix is 16 bits long. IP address starts with “10”
• Class C: Network prefix is 24 bits long. IP address starts with “110”
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Internet Address Classes
9
Internet Address Classes (Continued)
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