A DETAILED LESSON PLAN

IN GRADE 10- RUBY

Biology 1

PREPARED BY: Rica Mae N. Agustin

I. Objectives :
Within the given period, the grade 10 students are expected to so the following at least 78%
level of accuracy.

a. Predict how changes in an ecosystem can affect it’s organism and non-living things
b. Illustrate and understand the different changes occur in our ecosystem
c. Appreciate the importance of abiotic and biotic components in our surroundings

II. Subject Matter:

a. Topic: Cycles ( ecosystem change)
b. Instructional Materials 1. Power Point Presentation
2. Flash Card/ Picture
3. Chalk

c. Reference

III. Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminary activity
[Link]

“Alright, let us all pray first before we start.

(one students will lead the prayer)

2. Greetings
“Good morning Class”

“But before you set down, kindly pick up

any pieces of trash or papers under your “Good morning Ma’am Rica”
chairs and check your areas.”

( students will check their areas and

pick up the pieces of trash or papers)
“So now I will check your attendance, raise
your hand and say present after I call your
name.”

(students will raise their hand and say

present.)

B. Motivation
“4 pics 1 word”
The teacher will introduce the
game called “4 pics 1 word”
Along with that a 2 sets of 4
pictures that will be attached on
the board with jumbled letters.

And then, the teacher will instruct

the students about the mechanics,
in addition, the student should
identify the two sets of pictures and
able to answer it.

“Okay class as you can see in front, I

have prepared two sets of two
pictures serves as your visual to
identify the jumbled letters.”
“ Okay ma’am”
“I will group you into three groups
and each group will be given a bond
paper for you to write your
answers”
“ You only have two minutes to
guess your answer” (students identify their group mates)

“Okay great!
Thank you everyone for
participating, indeed all of you got a
correct answers.”

“Give a round of applause for

yourself for being enthusiast.”

c. Presentation
The teacher will start the power
point presentation. (the students will clap their hands)
Then, the students will be ask by
the teacher.
“When you heard the word
ecosystem, what comes in your
 mind?”

( one of the student will answer the

question)

Very good! Ma’am, ecosystem has one example,

ecosystem is a pond. In a pond, the
d. Discussion; living things are the biotic factors,
“Alright class our lesson for today is such as fish, aquatic plants, and
all about Cycles: The ecosystem protists/
change”
“So what is ecosystem?

Anyone….

“Very good!

That’s a great idea.” ( The student is raising their hands)

Ecosystem, is a biological community

ECOSYSTEM:
of interacting organisms and their
The ecosystem is the structural and physical environment.
functional unit of ecology where
the living organisms interact with
each other and the surrounding
environment.
In other words, an ecosystem is a
chain
of interaction between organisms
and their environment.

There are changes occurs in our

ecosystem,
Changes occur in an ecosystem
resulting from changes in climate
human activity, introduction of
non-native or indigenous species,
and changes in populations.

There are 3 main ways in which

change occurs in our ecosystem:

1. Natural Selection – species change

 (adapt) to their environment.
2. Adaptive Radiation – new species
arise.
3. Ecological succession – Changes in
the types of organism that live in an
ecosystem.

• Ecological succession is the steady

and gradual change in a species of a (Students are listening and taking up a
given area with respect to the notes)
changing environment. It is a
predictable change and is an
inevitable process of nature as all
the biotic components have to keep
up with the changes
in our environment.

Types of Ecological Succession

Everybody read.

• Primary Succession
Primary succession is the
succession that starts in lifeless
areas such as the regions devoid of
soil or the areas where the soil is
unable to sustain life.
- When the planet was first
formed there was no soil on
earth. The earth was only made (students read primary succession)
up of rocks. These rocks were
broken down by
microorganisms and eroded to • Primary Succession
form soil. The soil then Primary succession is the
becomes the foundation of succession that starts in lifeless
plant life. These plants help in areas such as the regions
the survival of different animals devoid of soil or the areas
and progress from primary where the soil is unable to
succession to the climax sustain life.
community.
- If this primary ecosystem is
destroyed, secondary
succession takes place.
-
How about secondary succession?
Any idea?
 Okay, very good!

Secondary Succession (student raised hand)

Secondary succession occurs when
the primary ecosystem gets Ma’am, Secondary
destroyed. For eg, a climax succession occurs when the
community gets destroyed by fire. severity of disturbance is
It gets recolonized after the insufficient to remove all the
existing vegetation and soil from a
destruction. This is known as
site
secondary ecological succession.
Small plants emerge first, followed
by larger plants. The tall trees block
the sunlight and change the
structure of the organisms below
the canopy. Finally, the climax
community arrives.

What is the importance of

ecological succession?

Very good!

Importance of ecological succession:

- Ecological succession is
important for the growth and
development of an ecosystem. (student raised hand and answer)
It initiates the colonization of
new areas and the Ma’am. Ecological succession is
recolonization of the areas that important for the growth and
had been destroyed due to development of an ecosystem.
certain biotic and climatic
factors. Thus, the organisms
can adapt to the changes and
learn to survive in a changing
environment.
Climate changes affect each biome and
each species individually. Different species
and populations migrate, begin, and
become extinct at different rates, climate
changes, could cause the extinction of
existing ecosystems and the formation of
new ecosystems.
Ecological changes in climate
(temperatures, flooding, warming, and
freezing) will probably eliminate some
species, and these species losses may cause
the elimination of entire ecosystems.
What are natural events that affect
ecosystem?

Very good!

Natural Events that affect Ecosystems:

• Natural Event causes disturbances
in ecosystem and have an impact (student answer)
on mature communities an result in
secondary succession Ma’am, wildfires, floods, and
• Example of these natural events tornadoes
include:
a. Flooding
b. Drought
c. Tsunamis
d. Forest fires
e. Insect infestation

HUMAN ACTIVITY:

- The invention of industry and

agriculture and spread of these
practices throughout the world
have allowed humans to prefer
a large portion of the useable
parts of the Earth. Estimation
shows that humans currently
use approximately 40 percent
of the energy of the Sun
captured by organisms on land.
- The vast use of the natural
resources on earth has caused
each species to fight for the
 natural resource’s it needs to
survive: land, water, food
sources and available mate to
reproduce. By humans using or
destroying so much of the
resources that are available
today, we are currently causing
species to become threatened,
or extinct.
- Changes to the atmosphere
caused by complex technology
and the increasing population
threaten to cause major
disruptions to ecosystems.
Among the most important
changes are global warming
and the release of greenhouse
gases—including carbon
dioxide, methane, and
chlorofluorocarbons—into the
atmosphere.

What are human impacts on the

environment?

(student answer)

Ma’am, impacts from human activity

on land and in the water can
influence ecosystems
profoundly. Climate change,
Very good! ocean acidification, permafrost
melting, habitat loss,
HUMAN IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT : eutrophication, stormwater
• Global Warming runoff, air pollution,
contaminants, and invasive
• Use of CFC's and impacts on the
species are among many problems
Ozone Layer
facing ecosystems
• Overuse of Pesticides
• Use of PCB's
• Deforestation Destruction of
Wetlands
 • Urban Encroachment
• Endangered Species
• Acid Rain
• Water Contamination
• Use of Fossil Fuels
• Dams for Hydro Electricity
• Disposal of Radioactive Wastes
• Oil Spills
• Smog Air Pollution
• Soil Erosion
• Introduction of Invasive Species
• Heavy Metals
• Salting Roads
• Crop Irrigation
• Irrigation, land erosion and
pesticide run off

The impact of humans on an ecosystem

and its populations:
Roads are often built through forest
for industrial purposes, such as
mining/mineral exploration, oil and
gas interests. Secondary, more
uncontrolled development, result in
deforestation, with subsequent
erosion and loss in biodiversity.
Sustainable development planning
should therefore take into
consideration the effects of the
entire road network, not just the
individual new segments that are
continuously added on.

How Animal Populations Interact?

Populations of animals interact with
each other and their environment in a
variety of ways. One of the primary
interactions a population has with its
environment and other populations is
due to feeding behavior.
The consumption of plants as a food
source is referred to as herbivore and
the animals that do this consuming are
called herbivores. There are different
types of herbivores.
Those that feed on grasses are referred
to as grazers. Animals that eat leaves
and other portions of woody plants are
 called browsers, while those that
consume fruits, seeds, sap, and pollen
are called frugivores.
Populations of animals that feed on
other organisms are called predators.

When you have two species that influence

(either positively or negatively) from each
other, in a relationship referred to as
symbiosis. The various types of symbiosis
include:
• parasitism - one species (parasite)
benefits more than the other
species (host)

• commensalism - one species

benefits while a second species is
neither helped nor injured

• mutualism - both species benefit

from the interaction
Here are a few more vocabulary words
that you should know:
Demography — The study of population (the students are reading the given
numbers, distribution, trends and activity)
issues.

Migration — The movement of people

and all living species from one place to
another.

Population density — The number of

people and all living species in a
measured land area.

Population distribution — The patterns (Students are raising their hands

of population in an area. before they answer the question)
“ Me, ma’am
Population projection — Models that
estimate scenarios of population
growth or decline

And that’s all for today, hoping that you

learned something in our class today.

e. Application:

The teacher will write a questions

 on the board and let the students
to read and answer the given
activity.
The question is all about ecosystem
changes and importance of ( students are clapping their hands)
ecosystem to each organisms. “Thank you ma’am”

f. Generalization:
There will be an oral recitation and
the students will be ask. (Students are keeping their notebooks
and getting a ¼ sheet of paper.)
1. What have you learned on our today’s
lesson?
2. Does human activities can affect the
changes in our ecosystem?
3. As a student. How can you educate or
advocate to colleagues and to the
community on how to take care of our
environment?

“Very good! I know that everyone is

listening and of course you learned (random students answer question
something in our discussion” no.1)

IV. Evaluation: random students answer question

“Okay, kindly get ¼ sheet of paper as we no.2)
have short quiz today, then please keep all
your notes. random students answer question
no.3)
1. It is a chain of interaction between
organisms and their environment.
a. Ecology
b. Ecosystem
c. Climate
d. Biodiversity
2. What do we called that one species
(parasite) benefits more than the
other species host?
a. Commensalism
b. Mutualism
c. Parasitism
d. Migration
3. It affects biome and each species
individually.
a. Climate Change
b. Ecosystem
c. Biodiversity
d. Migration
 4. A regular pattern of changes in an
ecosystem that occur our time.
a. Changing Ecosystem
b. Ecological Succession
c. Secondary Succession
d. Population distribution

Okay papers up!

Please pass all your papers

(students stop answer and their

papers will raised up)

(Students pass all their papers)

V. Assignment:

In a 1 whole sheet of yellow pad paper,

write your assignment.

1. Name the two types of Ecological

Succession.
2. What is an ecosystem? Explain it
thoroughly
3. What are the importance of
Ecological Succession?
4. How animal population interact
5. What are the impacts of human on
an ecosystem and its population?

See you next meeting.

That’s all for today, Good bye class….
“Good bye and thank you ma’am”.