~ ESSENTIAL OILS METHODS OF EXTRACTING ESSENTIAL OLS Essential oils are foun d in many different species of plants. There are several thousand Species of plants belonging to abou! 60 families posses a group of ighlyr Aromatic volatile organic substances thal is Known os pA oils Why do they differ from other fired fatty oils ? These are distinguished from fatty oils by the fact that they evaporate or volatilize in contact with air and possesses a pleasant 4ast Strong aromatic odour. ESE = a They are very complex in their chemical nature called os acts as a carries of aromatic substances ferpenes Wich @ large group °f volatile | 2 a unsatured hydrocorbons | The term ‘essential oil’ was used during middle ages because the pleasant smeiting , highly volatile liquids were consiclered to be essential constituent of the plant. They are secreated inthe plants etther into external glandls or epider- | -mal hairs or internals glands which includes the parts of plant tissue | €9- flowers (rose) , fruits (orange) , leaves (mint) , bark (cinnamon), rhiz- ~ome (ginger) , seed (cardamom) etc. Tey can be readily removed from plant tissue by the means of extraction. ae are four methods “a extracting tssential ofls from plants. © Distillation . © Expression. ® Sdvent extraction. Oat extraction. Distillation - The oldest 8 simplest type of i importance: but this is now of no practicte impo! is by steam distillation. In the method , whole & of plant is placed in a stil) and live steam is distillation is boiling in wate The more wsual method round material Wtro duced. the oi! denser Into @ cen j with the steam , passes vaporizes £ together iteets on the surface of tne water: Upon cooling, the oll or essence ©!A ——— —_—_—___ and is removed and filtered. The oil extrated is of high quality cannot always be used i 12 Expression — Also called as Cold pressing . In this extracting method, | the rinds of citrus fruits like oranges, lemons etc are subjecting te | Various type of pressure which allows oif to come out along with impurities . The use ey this extraction is limited because the oil extracted are less pure due te the extensive pressure which forces out several other Substances along with oil. | * Solvent Extraction — In this process 0) extraction, the oils are extrated directly by means of certain purified volatile solvents like petroleum ether, benzol ; or alcohol. Mostly delicate part 4 plants is used in this method. The solvent is then allowed fo evaporate in vacuum leaving a semi - solid residue (concrete) of oils and waxes. The wax is then filtered off along with alcoho) which is Wie removed and a Concentrate form af perfume ol] is obtatned. *Fat extraction - Also Known as cold fal extraction or enfleurage and js done af normal temperature. In thé mettiod , the purfumed flower arls of the plant are placed on cover glass plates (pure fallow) which is highly absoptive of floralessence . These are plated on after which they are replaced by these Vas ier paw dag? aes Bars : oe a yo batches ,the pat along rth the essence called pomade" js subjected to alcoholic exfracton Pe ee ratsieccre c/ssolved in 1+ whlchi)= Se concentrakd fo yield the essental purfume cil. This process can aso Be oll high’ temperature called as maceration where. pie amma digested with tok oil or melted fat andl then sabjecte extraction . Bem Son ER,es. > er Some examples of essential ail i i is are: rose oil, orange blosxom oil, cassie ol] , Lemon grass vil, Lavender cil, jasmine oil, sandalweed oil , Saffron oi , Champaca oll etc. USES OF BRASSICA , CocoNnUT AND LAVENDER OILS * Brassica Botanical name : Brassica juncea Czern. £ Coss Family : Brossicacease Common name: sarsonin India , Mustard, Rai Mustard oi! which is produced from the seeds of mustard plant is Krown for its strong flavour , pungent aroma and high smoke point. Ut is used for sauteing andl stir frying vegetetbles in many parts Cf the wetld , including Inclia, Bangladesh 2 Pakistan. H is offen applied and usecl as massage ol/s , skin serum and in hair treatments .It% essential olf is very benifial, used asa flavouring agent ,used for blocking mrcrobsal growth. and also used in promoting skin and hair health. ? * Coconut. Botanical name : Cocos nucifera Family : Arecaceoe «Ceconuf oi! is an essential ingredient I mang ghee subshtues. Reis i etane peinerium in cocking Wegcrabice cy «it is also used In Soap manu factere » hair ofl , “Creams , 'm etic’ : septhes ee also shown the possibility of Reread petrol, Wee. oh gdbstihienis pray! er fae ‘coconut Oi). er off \ dala. angustifolia Botanical name : Lavandula jeinalis chaix , Lavandule Family : Lamiaceae Picihets ye a iad) ined bi % Lavender oil is obtaine i . anit J great fagrance The oil have some antibacterial and fel e