Common Data and Formulas
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Minimum Permissible Bending Radii When Laying 2
Permissible Pulling Forces 2
Formula for inductance 3
Formula for inductive reactance 3
Formula for capacitance 3
Formula for impedance 3
Formula for short circuit current 4
Temperature Correction Factors for Conductor Resistance 4
Formula for electrical field (for MV, HV and EHV Cables) 5
Formula for charging current (for MV, HV and EHV Cables) 5
Formula for dielectric losses (for MV, HV and EHV Cables) 5
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MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE BENDING RADII WHEN LAYING
Multi core cables All single core cables
Up to U0/U=0.6/1kV Over U0/U=0.6/1kV
12 x d 15 x d 15 x d
d : outer diameter of the cable
PERMISSIBLE PULLING FORCES
Means of pulling Type of cable Formula Factor
With pulling head attached to σ = 50 N/mm² (Cu conductor)
All types of cable P=σ.A
conductors σ = 30 N/mm² (AL conductor)
With pulling stocking All wire armored cables P = K . d² K = 9 N/mm²
P Pull in N;
A Total cross sectional area in mm² of all conductors ( but not screen or concentric conductor);
d Outside diameter of cable in mm ;
σ Permissible tensile stress of conductor in N/mm² .
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INDUCTANCE :
k.s
L = 0.05 + 0.2 ln ( ) [mH/km]
r
Where : In trefoil formation: k=1
In flat formation: k=1.26
s = distance between conductor axes (mm)
r = conductor screen radius (mm)
INDUCTIVE REACTANCE :
L
X = 2π f [Ω/km]
1000
Where : f = frequency (Hz)
L = inductance (mH/km)
CAPACITANCE :
C= [μF/km]
do
18 Ln
d
i
Where : = relative permittivity of the insulation (for XLPE insulation =2.3)
do = external diameter of the insulation (mm)
di = diameter of conductor including conductor screen (mm)
IMPEDANCE :
Z=
2
R ac X2 [Ω/km]
Where : R ac = AC resistance of conductor (Ω/km)
X = reactance (Ω/km)
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SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT :
s t 234.5
Copper conductor : Is = 226 Ln f [A]
t t i 234.5
s t 228
Aluminum conductor : Is = 148 Ln f [A]
t t i 228
Where : S = cross section (mm²)
t = short circuit duration (sec)
ti = initial temperature before the short circuit (90ºC for XLPE cables)
tf = final temperature after the short circuit (250ºC for XLPE cables)
TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE
FOR COPPER CONDUCTORS :
254.5 R L
kt = Rt= 20
234.5 t k
t
1000
FOR ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS :
248 R L
kt = Rt= 20
228 t k
t
1000
Where :
kt is the temperature correction factor ;
R20 is the conductor resistance at 20ºC, in Ω/km ;
Rt is the conductor resistance at tºC, in Ω/km ;
L is the length of cable, in m .
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ELECTRICAL FIELD (FOR MV, HV & EHV CABLES):
U U
Conductor screen : i = [kV/mm] ; Insulation screen : o = [kV/mm]
r r
r Ln o r Ln o
i r o r
i i
Where : r = radius of conductor screen (mm)
i
r = radius of XLPE insulation (mm)
o
U = voltage across insulation
CHARGING CURRENT (FOR MV, HV & EHV CABLES):
IC = U0 ω C = U0 2π f C 10-3 [A/km]
Where : U0 = voltage (kV)
ω = 2πf
f = frequency (Hz)
C = capacitance (μF/km)
DIELECTRIC LOSSES (FOR MV, HV & EHV CABLES):
U2
Wd = 2π f C. tan(δ) [W/km]
3
Where : U = rated voltage (kV)
f = frequency (Hz)
C = capacitance (μF/km)
tan(δ) = loss angle
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