Date: 07-09-2022
Subject- AP history
Syllabus- Role of Social Reformers- Gurajada Apparao, Kandukuri
Veeresalingam, Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu, Gidugu Ramamurthy,
Annie Besant and others, Library Movement in Andhra Pradesh- Role of
News Paper- Folk and Tribal Culture, Oral Traditions, Subaltern Culture,
Role of women
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day:
1. Discuss the various factors contributed to library movement in Andhra?
Introduction:
Explain the role and importance of Library movement
Body:
Describe in detail about the different incidents, persons and social changes
that helped the spread of library movement in Andhra.
Conclusion:
lyyanki Venkata Ramanayya rightly said that library movements in other
countries had tried to develop their intelligence only but in A. P. this movement
tried to develop the personality of man and his life should move in right path.
Library movement became the spring board to all other movements in A.P. i.e.
social, political and literal. This library movement helped the other movements
like home rule movement, quit India etc. This movement played a greater role
in reform movement, Swadesl, Andhra movements. This library movement
supported the independence movement and prepared workers to fight for the
independence movement.
Content:
Factors contributed to the origin and spread of library movement
1. The introduction of printing in Telugu in 1806 gave impetus for the
spread of publication activity. Gradually newly printed books started
appearing in Telugu.
2. As the number of printed books increased the establishment of public
libraries, reading clubs, school and college libraries also steadily
increased.
3. The spread of English education contributed for the growth of literacy
among the population. In the industrial units and government offices
the number of educated employees grew steadily. The need for
reading rooms and libraries was felt strongly in view of the reading
requirements of these educated employees and other classes in the
population in their leisure time.
4. The partition of Bengal in 1905 and the political awakening in the
country had its own impact on Andhra Desa. Stalwarts like Lala
Lajapat Rai and B.C. Pal entered into freedom movement and toured
the whole country including Andhra Desa inspired and awakened the
people to dedicate themselves to the cause of freedom.
5. The Vandemataram movement had great impact on the social and
political stirrings, the youth felt the need for a 'temple' where they
could meet and decide their future programmes. At that time the
Andhra moment, begun in 1913. This Andhra movement helped to
spread the library movement in Andhra Pradesh.
6. During this period in the princely state of Baroda under its enlightened
ruler Sayaji Rao Gackwad, supported the establishment of public
libraly system in his state with the expertise of William Boarden an
American. The library development in Baroda state immediately
attracted the attention ofthe social workers and intellectuals ofthe rest
of India. The library workers in AP was no exception to this influence.
7. Besides the spread of communication network by road, by rail and by
post resulted in an Increase of agricultural production by making
information accessible to the villagers and in this respect the libraries
played a vital role and created a new awareness among the rural
population.
8. Newspapers played an important role in spreading the cause of
Library and Andhra movement. Newspapers such as Nilagiri Patrika,
Telugu Patrika, Golkonda Patrika,etc, notwithstanding of several
odds, gave prominence in their columns to Andhra Movement and
library movement and published information emanating from different
parts of the region.
9. The middle-class people improved educationally and economically
and social awareness has increased in them. So, they started to think in
a constructive manner. They are dissatisfied with the present social
system They showed interest in social reforms. At that time Kandukuri
Veerasalingam entered and he agitated against the child mamages and
woman partiality. He started widow marriages and publicized the use
of Telugu language as the official language.
10.The language movement launched by Gidugu Rama Murthy Pantulu,
which also contributed for the spread of the library movement The
language movement popularly known as "Vyavaharika
Bhashodyamam" contributed for the growth of reading habits among
the common people.
11.Gurajada Appa Rao had tried to introduce social reforms through his
literary works. Komma Raju Lakshman Rao contributed a lotto make
awareness about science. Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao is the founder
of "Andhra Patrika". He supplied his Daily Newspaper and other
publications freely to the most of the libraries in the state of his
personal interest.
2. Write a brief account on Kandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu.
Introduction:
Write about the contribution of Veeresalingam to renaissance movement in
Telugu
Body:
Describe the Veeresalingam contribution in different areas for the social
awakening of people. Discuss significant works and activities by him.
Conclusion:
Veeresalingam was very devoted towards radical changes in Telugu society. He
fought against untruth and stood for the cause of progress with passion which
has continued and contributed to the upliftment of multiple sections of society,
especially women.
Content:
1) Veeresalingam was born to an orthodox Brahmin family as the son of
Subbarayudu and Poornamma. He lost his father when he was just four
and was raised by his paternal uncle.
2) He studied in local schools where his academic brilliance and good nature
earned him accolades.
3) After completing his matriculation in 1869, Veeresalingam started work
as a school teacher in a village.
4) Veeresalingam was a scholar of three languages namely, Telugu, Sanskrit
and English. He wrote the first novel in the Telugu language. He is also
credited with introducing the autobiography and the essay into Telugu
literature. He also authored the first Telugu book on modern science.
Apart from these, he composed many ballads and plays in Telugu. He
also translated famous English works into Telugu.
5) He is most revered for his contribution to the reformation of Telugu
society. While more people are aware of the contributions of Raja Ram
Mohan Roy and Keshub Chandra Sen, Veeresalingam’s fame outside
Andhra is restricted and this does him no justice.
6) He wrote extensively for the emancipation of women. His works were
predominantly satires on the then-existing amorality, superstitions,
double standards and degradation in society. He advocated widow
remarriage and denounced child marriages as well as the practice of
marrying off young girls to much older men.
7) Rajasekhara Charitra (first Telugu novel), Brahma Vivaham
(play),Gopala Satakamu, Abhagyopakhyanamu (a satire on society), etc
are the famous works by Veeresalingam.
8) His sharp criticism bought him many enemies. He was ridiculed publicly
for his “radical” thoughts and advocacies.
9) To counter his detractors, he used the ancient scriptures to portray that
women were not always regarded, secondary citizens. He made people
aware that in the Ramayana, Lord Ram was always accompanied by Sita
in the assembly by his side.
10) He also declared that India started veering towards the path of
decline only when the condition of women deteriorated.
11) He set up schools for the education of girls and women. He also
performed the first widow remarriage in Andhra Pradesh, on December
11th, 1881. He was censured by the conservative society of that time.
12) Despite society’s heavy scorn, he helped marry off about 40
widows in his lifetime.
13) He published various magazines and journals wherein he
championed the cause of women and education.
14) In 1887, he started a Brahmo Mandir at Rajahmundry.
15) Veeresalingam was one of the first few to attend the
maiden session of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
16) In 1893, the government of India conferred the title ‘Rao Bahadur’
on him.
17) He passed away on 27th May, 1919 aged 71.
Prelims Questions of the day
1. Kalinga charitra was written by which of the following author?
a) Raghupati Venkatratnam Naidu
b) Kandukuri veeresalingam pantulu
c) Gurajada Appa rao
d) Gidugu Raamurthi
Answer: d
Explanation:
Telugu Language Day is pegged to the birth anniversary of Ramamurthy since
his efforts were what lead to Telugu being recognized as a standard language.
Ramamurthy bridged the differences between the written and the spoken
language of Telugu, which made it possible for scholars to grasp it better.
Kalinga charitra, savara patalu,etc. were the literary works by Gidugu Ramurthi
2. Bramha Prakasika newspaper was established by which of the following
social reformer?
a) Raghupati Venkatratnam Naidu
b) Kandukuri veeresalingam pantulu
c) Gurajada Appa rao
d) Gidugu Raamurthi
Answer: a
Explanation:
Dewan Bahadur Sir Raghupathi Venkataratnam Naidu was an Indian social
reformer who hailed from Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh in India. He
worked for the eradication of untouchability and upliftment of Harijans. He
strived for the abolition of the "Devadasi system" (the system in which women
were devoted to the temples and who in the course of time were treated like
prostitutes) in Andhra, He was an ardent Brahmo and promoted the Brahmo
movement in Andhra. The Brahmo Samaj honored him with the title of
"Brahmarshi". He started Brahmo Prakash newspaper.
3. BT college in Madanapalli was established with the contribution of
which of the social reformer?
A. Ragupati Venkatratnam Naidu
B. Anni Besant
C. Enugula Veeraswami
D. Ravindranath Tagore
Answer: b
Explanation:
Annie Besant: Annie Besant (1 October 1847-20 September 1933) was an
educationist, theosophist, women’s rights activist, author, orator, philanthropist,
supporter of Indian and Irish independence or self-rule or home rule from
British colonialism, contributor for the founding of BT College in Madanapalle
and Banaras Hindu University in Uttar Pradesh.
Besant Theosophical College, established in 1917, it is one of the oldest
colleges in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India.
4. For which of the following tribe, Gidudgu Ramurthi has developed a
script?
a) Gond
b) Savara
c) Lambadi
d) Chenchu
Answer: b
Explanation:
Gidugu gave a social base to Telugu literature and rendered services to the
tribals, especially the Savaras, in Parlakimidi area of Srikakulam agency area
and tirelessly worked for the development of tribal languages. He gave Savara
language a script and prepared lexicons.
5. Which among the following are literacy works of Gurajada Apparao?
1. Kanyasulkam
2. Sarangadhara
3. Poornamma
Choose the correct code given below
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 and 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
Explanation:
Sri Gurajada Apparao was a social reformer, poet, writer, philosopher, and a
friend. He was born in 1863 in Rayavaram of Visakhapatnam. The style of
Gurajada's poetry, neither pedantic nor enigmatic, but was the purest, crystal
clear, lucid, and vivacious. His poems awaken the Weeklings even and energize
them. Gurajada's intellectual creativity gave us a keepsake, historical landmark,
and a precious literary diamond - "KANYASULKAM" play. His other literary
works include, Sarangadhara, Mutyalasaralu, poornamma, minugurulu,etc
6. When did The Andhra Pradesh Library Association was established?
a) 1914
b) 1920
c) 1924
d) 1930
Answer: a
Explanation:
The Andhra Pradesh Library Association was established on 10 April 1914. It is
the oldest state library association in India. The association is headquartered at
Vijayawada.
7. Which of the following newspapers were associated with Kandukuri
Veeresalingam Pantulu?
1. Viveka Vardini
2. Inidian eisenhover
3. Hasya Sanjivini
4. Satihita bodini
5. Telugu Janaana
6. Satya Vardini
7. Janavani
Choose the correct option given below
a) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 only
b) 2, 3, 4 and 7 only
c) 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Only
d) 2, 3, 6 and 7 Only
Answer: c
Explanation:
Newspappers started by Veeresalingam Pantulu
Viveka Vardini
Hasya Sanjivini
Satihita bodini
Telugu Janaana
Satya Vardini
Satya vadini
8. In which of the following movements women from Andhra region had
actively participated?
a) Non- cooperation movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Quit India movement
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation:
In the freedom Struggle as carried out in Andhra, women participated in large
numbers in the Non-cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement,
and Quit India Movement. In the constructive programme, especially in the
manufacture of Khadar, Women in Andhra did more work than men. They
became victims of repression as much as men and several cases their lot and
suffering were worse. But they braved all this with that kind of patience and
heroism for which the women did even more work than men.
9. Who was the founder of crescent magazine?
a) Vedanta sashtri
b) Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
c) Dharmavarapu Krishnamarchulu
d) Enugula Viraswami
Answer: b
Explanation:
Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty was an Indian merchant and Indian independence
and political activist who founded the Madras Native Association, one of the
earliest Indian political associations, and the first Indian-owned newspaper in
Madras, The Crescent.
10. Who was the first person to join Brahmo samaj from Andhra?
a. Buchchayya pantulu
b. Viresalingam Pantulu
c. Krishnamacharyulu
d. Ragavacharyulu
Answer: a
Explanation:
Mannava Buchchayya Pantulu was the first Andhra person to join the Brahmo
Samaj.
