Experience Approaches in Physics (II)
Common experiment Oscilloscope
Group: A1
Name: 黃昱綸 B122035009
Editor: 曹安旭 B122035008
Professor: 洪昇廷
Date: 2/26
I. Objectives
To understand the functions of oscilloscopes and function generators, then learn
how to use the oscilloscopes.
II. Principle
The basic principle
The main function of an oscilloscope is to observe voltage waveforms, as
electronic circuits operate based on voltage variations for communication. By
observing the variation of voltage over time, which is the waveform, we can
understand the health condition of the circuit. Imagine a plastic ruler with an
LED light installed on the left side. When we move the LED light, the left side of
this ruler will oscillate up and down. If it oscillates while also moving to the
right, the LED light will form a trajectory as shown in the diagram. This
trajectory is called a waveform, which is the core principle of an oscilloscope
The principle of an analog oscilloscope
Inside, there is an electron gun responsible for emitting an electron beam.
When the electron beam hits the fluorescent screen coated with phosphor, it
will emit light. However, this alone is not sufficient. In order to observe changes
in the signal, two metal plates are placed in the vertical direction of the electron
beam. By applying the signal voltage to these plates, it influences the degree of
deflection of the electron beam in the vertical direction. As a result, when the
signal voltage changes, the degree of deflection of the electron beam accurately
reflects the size of the signal, causing the appearance of oscillating dots on the
screen. However, this only shows a vertical line. To display waveforms, it is
necessary for the dots to move from left to right. This action is called sweep.
Therefore, another set of horizontal deflection plates is required to display the
waveform on the screen.
When the electron beam hits the phosphor on the screen, the brightness of the
emitted light continues for a short period of time, perhaps around 1ms. This
duration helps temporarily fix the waveform on the fluorescent screen. When
combined with the persistence of human vision, the waveform appears more
stable. In reality, the waveform still flickers, but you may not perceive it unless
the scanning frequency is very low. However, the flickering effect of the
waveform can generally be observed directly through a camera.
III. Procedure & To-Do List
Familiarize yourself with the capabilities of the oscilloscope
1. Prepare:
⚫ Press the bottom next to the settings to adjust the mode you want to
measure using the top left knob
⚫ Press the Channel 1 bottom to set:
Coupling DC
Probe 1x
⚫ Press the trigger menu bottom to select:
Type Edge
Source Off
Slope Up Edge
Mode Auto
⚫ Test the probe when BNC-probe connect to Ch1 input and CAL output
⚫ Adjust the vertical and horizontal knob to zoom the waveform
⚫ Use the knob above the Ch1 bottom to shift the waveform
⚫ Adjust the trigger level by using the trigger knob
⚫ Use the screwdriver to adjust the probe to let the square wave to be
flat in the max and min level
2. Cursor Mode:
⚫ In this mode, you can set the range you want to measure to measure
voltage and period
⚫ Changing the type and adjust Cursor A and Cursor B to set two
endpoints and measure the distance between them
⚫ Record the peak-to-peak voltage and period of the square wave?
3. Measure Mode:
⚫ Use this mode to measure the voltage and the period and compare it
with the result in cursor mode
4. X10 Selection:
⚫ Select the probe to “x10” position and record the voltage and period
⚫ Take a screenshot after adjusting the waveform
⚫ Record the peak-to-peak voltage and period of the square wave?
5. Math Mode:
⚫ Connect CH1 to the TTL (or Sync) output hole of the function
generator and CH2 to the output of the function generator to
generate a triangle wave
⚫ Press the math key in the menu and select the operator key and try to
calculate the graph of the signal line synthesized by the two signals
(+,-,x,/)Measure the frequency and voltage of AC signals
Measure the frequency and voltage of AC signals
6. Connect the BNC cable to the 50 Ω output terminal of the function
generator and the input hole of CH1. The function generator outputs a
“sine wave” of about 1 kHz to CH1. Adjust the vertical/horizontal scale
knob, trigger source and trigger position and make the sine wave appear
stably and can be observed on the screen
7. Try to measure the peak voltage, peak-peak voltage, effective voltage,
period, and frequency of the captured sine wave by using cursor mode or
measure mode
8. Change the coupling to AC range and measure the voltages in Step 7
9. Change the frequency and amplitude and repeat the experiment
Including the measurement of DC (offset) and AC signals at the same time
10. Pull out the PULL TO VAR DC OFFSET button of the function generator and
observe the peek-to-peek voltage and DC voltage
Deformation wave signal measurement
11. Press down the DUTY/INV selection knob of the function generator. Turn
the knob to the left (CAL position) and then slowly turn it to the right. Do
the same step when pull out PULL instead and record the change of
waveform
12. Turn the function into triangle wave and square wave and test once more
IV. Tables and Figures
V. Reference
https://youtu.be/gqa6KG_tzTQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4zyptPLlJI&t=619s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4DHYyoNNZ0&t=28
6s
