CHAPTER III
Technical Background
This chapter discusses and delves into the methodology and requirements employed to
evaluate the “Smart Waste Management System : Income Generating IoT Project''. Through a
pilot implementation within the Provincial Capitol Compound, the project aims to address
inefficiencies in waste management, promote sustainability, and generate income. This chapter
outlines the overview of the current system, Overview of the Proposed System, Hardware &
Software Requirements and its corresponding Importance.
Overview of the Current System
There are several existing systems that share similarities with the proposed system,
“Smart Waste Management System”. There are waste collection optimization systems that uses
sensors and data analytics to optimize collection routes based on real-time bin full levels,
reducing unnecessary pickups and fuel consumption. In addition, there are also smart bin
systems like the “Bigbelly” system used in London and the “Enevo” system used in Dubai.
Lastly, there are numerous Income-generating waste management models that explore generating
revenue through increased recycling rates and offering value-added services like data analysis for
waste producers. The “Recycle Bank” program in the US and the “Waste Revolution” initiative
in India are examples of such models.
Overview of the Proposed System
The “Smart Waste Management system : Income Generating IoT Project”, leverages
internet of things (IoT) technology to optimize waste collection and encourage responsible
disposal practices. Sensors embedded in bins provide real-time data on fill levels enabling
dynamic collection and reducing waste littering all over the Provincial Capitol Compound.
Interactive displays on bins guide users on proper sorting, while mobile apps personalize
feedback and incentivize waste reduction. Furthermore, the project explores income generation
through increased recycling revenue and potential value-added services for waste producers.
Hardware and Software Requirements
This section discussed the essential hardware & software components powering the
“Smart Waste Management System : Income Generation IoT Project”. By integrating these
elements, we aim to optimize waste collection, promote responsible disposal, and generate
income within the Provincial Capitol Compound.
Hardware Component Required Importance of the
Version/Specification Research/System.
Microcontroller/Single Board Raspberry Pi 4 Model B or Runs the core software for
COmputer equivalent data collection, processing,
and communication.
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 or similar ranging Measures fill level of waste
sensor bins in real-time.
Weight Sensor Load cell sensor with suitable Provides accurate weight
capacity measurement for waste
collection optimization.
LoRa Module/Cellular Any version compatible to the Enables long-range wireless
network chosen for this communication between bins
research & central server.
Power Supply Solar Panel and Battery Pack Enables self-powered
operation on the system,
reducing reliance on grid
electricity.
Enclosure Weather proof & tamper- Protects hardware
proof enclosure components from harsh
weather conditions and
vandalism.
Bin Display LCD Screen Provide user feedback on fill
level, sorting instructions, and
messages.
Computer/Standard Desktop or Laptop (core i5 or Utilize by the developer for
Peripherals Ryzen 3 and/or higher) with interaction with the system,
internet access system configuration, data
analysis and application
development.
Cell Phone or Mobile Devices Android or IOS with internet Used by users to access
access and can access the information & interact with
website the system (eg./ view bin
status, receive sorting
instructions, earn rewards).
Table 3.1 Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
This section delves into the essential software components driving the systems
functionality, The researcher will explore the core software running on the bins, the data
management platform, and the user-facing website, showcasing how they collaborate seamlessly
to achieve our research goals: optimizing waste collection, promoting responsible disposal, and
generating income within the provincial Capitol Compound.
Required Importance for
Software Component Version/Specifications Research/System
(Developer/User)
Operating System for Bun Raspbian OS Runs core functionalities on
Microcontroller bin devices, including data
collection, processing and
communication.
DAta Acquisition Software Python Enables interaction with
sensors and collects data from
bin devices.
Data Management Platform MYSQL Stores, manages, and analyzes
collected data, provides user
access, and generates insights.
Website Interface User-Friendly Web Provide access to system
Application information status, sorting
guidelines and potential
incentives.
Table 3.2 Software Requirements
