2018

1)Name the main source of the calcium in the clinker and what process or processes does raw material
goes through during the formation of clinker

The main sources of the calcium is limestone or calcium carbonate and during the process it
decomposes to calcium oxide during the heating and then the calcium oxide reacts with silica or
aluminium oxide or aluminium hydroxide to form the trioxosilicate and dioxoaluminate

2)Give the names of the two main major components of cement

Ca2Sio4 Calcium silicate and CaAL2O4 Calcium aluminate

3)Clay is a major raw material for the formation of clinker which is powdered to give cement. Name two
components of clay that may undergo separate reaction to give clinker.

Silicon(IV) oxide (silica) or aluminium oxide(anhydrous alumina) or aluminium hydroxide(hydrated

alumina)

Preamble: Differentiate the given function

4)y = 2x – 3 / x + 1

dy/dx = 5/(x + 1)2

5)y = x + 2/ 2x - 1

dy/dx = -5/ (2x - 1)2

6)y = x / x + 3

dy/dx = 3/ (x + 3)2

Preamble: A cylinder of mass 0.200kg and moment of inertia 0.250kg/m2 slides and rolls on a
horizontal surface. Find the kinetic energy of the cylinder for the given translational speed V and
angular speed Ω.

7)2.00rad/sV = 4.00m/s and = Ω =

1.65 J

8) V = 2.00m/s and = Ω = 4.00rad/s

0.600 J

9) V = 4.00m/s and = Ω = 4.00rad/s

1.80 J
10)What name is given to the thicken glandular and non-segmented section of the body wall near
the head in earthworms and leeches which secretes a viscid sac in which the eggs are deposited

Clitellum

11)which organ in invertebrates occurs in peers and performs a function similar to the vertebrate
kidney

Nephridium

12)The earthworm has no special respiratory organs. How does exchange of gases take place?

Earthworms take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide through their own skin by keeping their skin
moist

13)Elemental calcium burns in air to give calcium oxide. Calculate the mass in grams of calcium
oxide that can be obtained from 110.0 grams of pure calcium if the yield is 100%. Give your answer
to 1 place of decimal. Atomic mass for calcium is 40.0 and that for oxygen is 16.

The mass is 154.0 grams

14)In the preparation of calcium oxide by the burning of calcium metal. 10.0grams of the metal
used 12.6 grams of the oxide. Calculate the percentage yield of this preparation. Give your answer to
1 place of decimal. Atomic mass for calcium is 40.0 and Oxygen is 16.

The percentage yield .for the preparation is 90.0%

15)If in another preparation of calcium oxide, the yield is only 80%. What mass in gram of calcium
oxide can be obtained from 27.0grams of calcium? Give your answer to 2 places of decimal. Atomic
mass for calcium is 40.0 and Oxygen is 16.

The mass is 30.24 grams

Preamble: Determine the possible range of values of k if the given equation has no real root.

16)3x2 + 2kx + 2k = 0

0<k<6

17)kx2 + 2kx – 1 = 0

-1 < k < 0

18)5x2 – 2kx + k = 0

0<k<5

19)he work function of a metal is 4 eV. Calculate the speed of the fastest electrons that can be
ejected from the metal when it is illuminated by 5eV protons.
6 * 105 m/s

20)The work function of a photo cathode is 3.0 eV. Calculate the speed of the fastest electron that
can be ejected by 4.8 eV photons.

8.0 * 105m/s

21)Calculate the speed of the fastest electron that can be ejected from a metal of work function 2.8
eV when it is illuminated by 3.25 eV photons.

4.0 * 105m/s

Preamble: Name the plant hormones to which the description refers

22) Causes stem elongation and growth, responsible for formation of adventitious and lateral root,
inhibit leaf loss, promote cell division together with cytokinin

Auxin / indole-3-acetic acid

23)increases ethylene production, enforces dormancy of lateral buds produced by shoot epical
meristems and other immature parts

Auxin / indole-3-acetic acid

24)stimulate cell division (auxin), promote chloroplast development, delays leaf aging, promote
formation of buds, inhibit formation of lateral root produced by root epical meristems and
immature fruit

Cytokinin

2015

Preamble: The small batteries used in wrist watches and calculators are referred to as alkaline Dry
cells.

1)What is the electrolyte which also serves as the salt bridge in these batteries?

The electrolyte is a paste that contains Manganese(IV) oxide and Potassium Hydroxide

2)What is the anode of the alkaline battery?

Zinc

3)The bacterial content of outdoor air depends on many factors. Name one main factor each.

Density of human population

Density of animal population

Nature of the soil

The amount of vegetation

Atmospheric condition

Preamble: An incandescent light bulb operates at a surface temperature of 3000 K. The surface area
of the filament is 1.5 × 10-5 m2 and its emissivity is 0.25. The Stephan-Boltzmann constant is 5.7 ×
10-8 W m2 K-4, the Wien displacement law constant is 2.9 × 10-3 K m and the speed of light is 3 ×
108 m/s.

4)Find the radiant power emitted by the filament.

17W

5)Calculate the intensity of radiation at a distance of 20 m from the filament.

0.003W/m2

6)Determine the most intense frequency in the spectrum of the lamp.

3 × 1014Hz

7)If one reacts Propanoic acid with thionyl chloride, SOCI2 what product will be obtained?

Propanoyl chloride

8)When a molecule of an alkanoic acid is refluxed with an alkanol in the presence of a mineral acid, a
nucleophilic reaction takes place. Which species acts as the nucleophile?

Alkanol

9)When a molecule of an alkanoic acid is refluxed with an alkanol in the presence of a mineral acid, an
ester is formed. What role does the mineral acid play? Explain in detail.

It protonate the oxygen of the carbonyl group of the acid to help polarised the carbonyl thus
facilitating the nucleophilic attack by the alkanol on the carbonyl carbon.

10)Why should good drainage and ploughing lead to increased soil fertility?

Good drainage and ploughing will increase aeration and hence the oxygen content of the soil. This
stimulate decomposition and nitrification and inhibit denitrification thereby increasing soil fertility.

11)Which natural areas or situations might favour denitrification?

Deep ocean and areas where there is insufficient oxygen.

12)Under what conditions do gases deviate from Boyle's law?

Under high pressures and low temperatures.

13)How does the kinetic theory of matter account for Charles' law?

Charles' law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas varies with absolute
temperature. When temperature is increased the average molecular speed increases and the average
rate of collision increases and pressure will increases. To keep the pressure as it was before you must
keep the pressure constant. It is necessary for the volume to increase so that the frequency of collision
will increase.

14)Human beings, like other animals harbour a wide array of normal microorganisms both on and in
their bodies. Give one important role each that the normal microorganisms plays in the body economy.

They can become pathogenic when the host defence mechanisms weakens.

They prevent or interfere with colonization or invasion of the body by pathogens.

They cause confusion in diagnoses due to their ubiquitous presence in the body and their resemblance
to some of the pathogens.

Preamble: An incompressible fluid is pumped across a horizontal pipe from A section with radius 10
cm to other sections with different radii. The flow speed in the first section is 2 m/s. Determine the
flow speed in the section with the given radius

15)20 cm

0.5m/s

16)5 cm

8m/s

17)2 cm

50m/s

Preamble: Find an expression for the area of……

18)An equilateral triangle of side of length s.

√3 × ϰ2/4

19)An equilateral triangle of height h.

h2/√3

20)A square with a diagonal of length d.

d2/2
Preamble: A moving coil voltmeter with internal resistance 10 kΩ and full-scale deflection at 1 ν is
to be used with multipliers in order to measure voltages higher than 1 ν. Determine the multiplier
required for the given voltage range.

21)10 V

90 kΩ

22)50 V

490 kΩ

23)100 V

990 kΩ

Preamble:Solve the absolute inequality;

24)| 2ϰ + 1 | < 9

-5 < ϰ < 4

25)| 2ϰ - 3 | > 7

ϰ < -2 or ϰ > 5

26)| 3ϰ - 2 | < 10

-8/3 < ϰ < 4

2016(A)

1) What is the linear momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 4 m s-1 due east?

20 Ns due east

2) A moving object has a linear momentum of magnitude 50 N s. What force is applied parallel to
the direction of motion of the object can stop it in 5 s?

10N

3) At what speed will the magnitude of linear momentum of a moving 2 kg object be 80 N s ?

40m/s

4) Three main factors influence the first ionization of an atom. (a) Atomic radius (b) stability of
electronic configuration (c) effective nuclear charge. Which of these factors determine the trend of
first ionization potential in elements in Group in the Periodic Table?

(a) Atomic radius and (c) effective nuclear charge

Preamble: Distinguish between plants cells and animal cells with respect to the following:

5)Forms of storage of excess glucose.

Plants cells stores glucose in the form of starch whiles animal stores glucose in the form of glycogen

6)Outermost covering of the cells.

Outermost covering in plant cell is the cell wall while in animal cell it is the cell membrane.

7)Plastids

Plant cells have plastids (chloroplast) while animal cell has no plastids.

Preamble: Find the first four terms of the sequence defined by the recurrence relation.

8)Un + 1 = 2Un , U1 = 2

2, 4, 8 and 16

9)Un + 1 = Un + 2 , U1 = 2

2, 4, 6 and 8

10)Un + 1 = Un – 2, U1 = 2

2, 0, -2, -4

Preamble: A 2 nC charged particle moving at 10 m s-1 enters a uniform 0.4 T magnetic field with its
velocity perpendicular to the field. No other fields are present.

11)What is the change in kinetic energy of the particle after 10 s?

12) What is the work done by the magnetic field on the charged particle when the particle travels a
distance of 0.1 m?

13)Find the net force on the charge.

8 × 10-9 N

14) Calculate the volume of oxygen to be released at STP in the electrolysis of dilute sodium
chloride solution using carbon electrodes after passing a charge of 1/6 Faraday. Molar volume of a
gas at STP is 22.4 dm3. Give your answer to two places of decimal.

0.93dm3
15) Calculate the volume of oxygen to be released at STP in the electrolysis of molten alumina after
passing a charge of 0.3 Faraday. Molar volume of STP is 22.4 dm3. Give your answer to two places of
decimal.

1.68dm3

16) In the electrolysis of molten KBr, it is found that after passing a certain amount of charge, 5.6
dm3 of bromine gas is evolved. Calculate the moles of potassium that would have been discharged.
Molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 dm3.

0.5 moles

Preamble: Give the branches of biology that deal with the following

17)The study of structure and forms of organisms.

Anatomy and Morphology

18)The study of fossils and all aspects of extinct life.

Palaeontology

19)The study of functions of living organisms and individual organs, tissues, and cells of which they
are composed.

Physiology

Preamble: Find the ϰ-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the given curve.

20)y = 3ϰ -12

y = -12 and x =4

21)y = ϰ2 – 4

y = 4 and x ± 2

22)2ϰ – 5y = 10

x = 5, and y =-2

2016(B)

Preamble: Describe the following types of placentation in plants in terms of the arrangement of
ovules.

1)Parietal

The ovules are born on the inner surface of the ovary wall.

2)Axile
The ovules are arranged along the central axis of the ovary wall.

3)Free central

The ovules are arranged at the central portion without any connection to the ovary wall

Preamble: Express the repeating decimal as a rational number

4)0.6666…..

5)0.7777….

7/9

6)0.9999….

8) How are the rates of effusion of two gases leaking from an opening of a container related,
assuming temperature and pressure are the same?

The rates are inversely proportional to the square root of their densities or molar masses.

9) Find the angular frequency of free oscillations of a simple pendulum which has a bob of mass 0.2
kg and a string of length 40 m.

0.5 rad/s

10) The period of a simple pendulum on the surface of earth is 20 s. find the period of the pendulum
of the surface of a celestial body where the acceleration due to gravity is four times as large as on
earth.

10s

11) A 2.0 m simple pendulum is found to have a frequency of 0.35 Hz. What is the local acceleration
due to gravity?

9.7m/s2

Preamble: Give the location or the site of action of the enzyme in mammals.

12)Lactase

Ileum (small intestines)

13)Renin

Stomach
14)Pancreatic lipase

Duodenum

Preamble: Find the conjugate of the surd.

15)3 + 2 √2

3 - 2√2

16)√2 - √3

√2 + √3

17)-2 + √5

-2 - √5

18)How many moles of nitrogen gas at STP are present in a vessel of volume 14.0 dm3? Molar
volume of gas at STP is 22.4 dm3. Give your answer to three places of decimal.

0.625 moles

19)Calculate the number of moles of silica (SiO2) in 1 kg of gold ore that contains only 1.00% gold,
the rest being sand.

Si = 28.0, O = 16.0

16.5 moles

20)Calculate the number of moles of ethanol in 120 cm3 of 50% ν/ν aqueous ethanol. For this
calculation assume that the specific gravity of ethanol is the same as that of water. Molar mass of
ethanol is 46. Give your answer to 2 places of decimal.

1.30

Preamble: The specific heat capacity of water is about 4200 J kg-1 K-1.

21)How much heat is needed to bring 0.5 kg of water of 20°C to the boil?

170kJ or 16800J

22)Kofi scalds the back of his hand when he spills 10g of boiling water on it. How much thermal
energy did his tissues absorb if the water cools to his skin temperature of 37°C?

2.6kJ

23)Find the final temperature of 200g of water at 20°C when it absorbs 8400 J of heat.

30°C
 2016(C)

Preamble: State how the following features adapt the tapeworm to its habitat.

1)Suckers

It uses them to attach to the intestinal walls of the host.

2)Thick cuticle

The thick cuticle resists digestive enzymes and gut secretion

3)Large surface area

The Large surface area is for absorption of nutrients and excretion of substances

Preamble: Find in radians the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with the given number of
sides.

4)20 sides

18π rad

5)32 sides

30π rad

6)51 sides

49π rad

Preamble: Give an SI unit for the physical quantity measured by the given instrument.

7)Vernier callipers

Meters

8)Manometer

Pascal

9)Pyrometer

Kelvin

10)Define acid according to the Lewis concept.

Acid is an electron-pair acceptor.

11)Define a base according to the Brønsted – Lowry concept.

A base is a proton acceptor.

12)What is a buffer?

A buffer is a solution which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid or an alkali is
added to it.

13)Which pigment is responsible for the bright red and purple colours of flowers that are adaptive
for attracting pollinators?

Anthocyanin

14)Why is Neurospora used as genetic material?

Because it has a short life cycle(only 10 days)

15)What name is given to Plant hormones that induce cell division and shoot formation?

Cytokinin

Preamble: Given that a × b = a2 – 2ab + b2 evaluate:

16)5 × 3

17)7 × 5

18)5 × (-2)

Preamble: The intensity 2 m from a point source of light is 25 W m-2.

19)What is the intensity 5 m from the source?

4 W/m2

20)How far from the source is the intensity 10 mW m-2 ?

100m

21)How far from the source is the intensity 16 times its value 2 m from the source?

0.5m

22)After passing 2.0 Faraday of charge through molten MgCl2 only 20g of magnesium is harvested.
What is the percentage efficiency of the electrolytic process? Give your answer to one place of
decimal. Mg = 24.0

83.3%
23)30 g of organic compound were recrystallized twice the same solvent. If the rate of recovery
after each recrystallization is 90%, how many grams of the organic compound would be left? Give
your answer to 1 place of decimal.

24.3g

24) When a measured volume of water is added to solid CaO , solid Ca(OH)2 is formed. If on adding
water to 28 g of CaO only 30 g of slaked lime is harvested, what was the percentage efficiency of the
method? Give your answer to one place of decimal.

CaO = 56.0 Ca(OH)2 = 74.0

81.1%

2016(D)

1)Which famous scientist introduced the idea of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

2)What name is given to Animals which eat both plants and other animals?

Omnivores

3)What name is given to a change of the DNA in an organism that results in a new trait?

Mutation

Preamble: Convert the given unit to a unit containing SI base units.

J s (joule seconds)

kgm2/s

W h (watt hour)

kgm2/s2

N s(Newton second)

kgm/s

Give the isomer of 1-pentanol that is a butanol and also a tertiary alkanol.

2 methylbutane-2-ol

Give one positional isomer of cyclohexene.

It has no positional isomer

Give the stereoisomer of 1,3-dichlorocyclopentane that will not show optical isomerism.
Cis 1,3-diclorocyclopentane

Preamble: Give as an algebraic expression

Twenty less than the product of a number and two

2x - 20

One half subtracted from the quotient of a and b

a/b – ½

The difference of three times a number and 4

3x - 4

Preamble: Give the Phylum of the following fungi.

Yeast

Ascomycota

Rhizopus

Zygomycota

Penicillium

Ascomycota

A converging lens of focal length 0.20 m. Find the image distance when the object distance is 0.45 m

0.36m or 36cm

Find the object distance for an image distance of 15 cm in a converging lens of focal length 5.0 cm.

7.5cm

Determine the focal length of a converging lens in which an image distance of 0.10 m corresponds
to an object distance of 0.025 m.

0.020m or 2.0cm

Preamble: A steel vessel containing 3 moles of nitrogen, 5 moles of helium and 7 moles of oxygen is
found to have a total pressure of 600kPa at 30°C.

Calculate the mole fraction of the nitrogen gas.

0.2

Calculate the partial pressure of the oxygen gas.

280kPa

Calculate the combined partial pressure of helium and oxygen.

480kPa

Preamble: Find the solution set for ϰ in the given inequality:

| 3ϰ – 4 | < 5

-⅓ < x < 3

|ϰ+4|<9

-13 < x < 5

|ϰ–3|>1

x < 2 or x > 4

2016(E)

Preamble: Find the remainder R when the polynomial f(ϰ) is divided by the linear term.

f(ϰ) = ϰ3 – 6ϰ2 + 3ϰ – 2 divided by (ϰ - 2)

12

f(ϰ) = 3ϰ3 – 10ϰ2 + 7ϰ + 6 divided by (ϰ + 1)

20

f(ϰ) = 2ϰ3 + 7ϰ2 + 8ϰ – 16 divided by (ϰ - 1)

Give the name of the tissue that separates the xylem and the phloem of the vascular bundles of dicot
stems.

Vascular cambium

Name the process by which solutions in living cells move against concentration gradient.

Active transport

Photosynthesis generally takes place in which parts of the plant?

Leaves and other chloroplast bearing part

Find the power dissipated by a 5 Ω resistor when a potential difference of 2 V is applied across it.

0.8 W
Determine the current in a 10 Ω resistor when it dissipates 360 W

6A

A 10 k Ω resistor is rate at 0.25 W. What is the maximum potential difference that can safely be
applied across it?

50 V

If you are given a water soluble solid salt, and you are required to dissolve it in approximately 100
cm3 of water, which glassware will be most appropriate?

Beaker

What are the main features of a laboratory pan balance?

It has two pans. The pans are hanging at the end of a beam and the beam is balanced on a sharp
edge.

Give two main differences between a watch glass and an evaporating dish.

Evaporating dish is usually made of ceramics while a watch glass is made of glass.

While the evaporating dish is deep or is like a bowl, a watch glass is very shallow or have a small
curvature.

Preamble:Find the ratio ϰ : y given:

(ϰ - y)/2 = (ϰ + y )/3

5:1

(ϰ + 3y)/5 = (ϰ + y)/2

1:3

(2ϰ - y)/3 = (ϰ + 2y)/5

11 : 7

Name the structure that prevents bony fishes from sinking in water.

Swim bladder

Which part of the gill of a bony fish is responsible for gaseous exchange?

Gill filament

Name the structure in bony fishes that enables the fish strain tiny food particles out of water for
feeding purposes.
The gill rakers

How does the strength of the electric field produced by a point vary with distance from the charge?

The electric field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

The distance between a point charge and an observation point is doubled. How does the
electrostatic potential change?

It decreases by a factor of 2.

How does the strength of the electric field produced between two very large parallel plates
carrying equal but opposite charge vary with distance from one of the plates?

It is constant and there is no change.

If the half- life of a reaction is 1 minute, calculate the rate constant of the reaction and give your
answer in the scientific notation to two places of decimal.

1.16 × 10-2/s

The decay constant of a radioactive substance is 7.7 × 10-3 s-1. Calculate the half – life of the
substance.

90s 0r 1.5m

A radioactive substance has a half-life of 5 hours. What percentage of the initial activity will be left
after 20 hours?

6.25%

2016(F)

Preamble: Give the structures of locomotion in the following organisms.

Trypanosome

Flagella

Paramecium

Cilia

Plasmodium

They have no locomotory structure

Preamble: Find the sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equation.

2ϰ2 + 1/2ϰ - 1/3 = 0

The sum is (-¼) and the product is (-⅙)

1/3ϰ2 + 2ϰ + 5 = 0

The sum is -6 and the product is 15

3ϰ2 - 2ϰ + 1 = 0

The sum is ⅔ and the product ⅓

Preamble: The fundamental charge is approximately 1.6 × 10-19 C.

What is the change in kinetic energy of a proton when it is accelerated through a potential
difference of 2.0 V?

3.2 × 10-19J

An alpha particle is accelerated through the same potential difference of 2.0 V. Find the change in
its kinetic energy.

6.4 × 10-19J

What potential difference is needed to change the kinetic energy of a photon by 8.0 × -19 J ?

5v

How many elements, including hydrogen, are present in Group 1, of the Periodic Table?

How many elements are present in the 4th Period of the Main Group Elements?

How many elements are present in Group 8 or 18 of the Periodic Table?

Preamble: Explain the following methods of fertilizer application.

Broadcasting

This is the spreading of fertilizer evenly all over the field.

Ring method

This is where fertilizer is applied around the base of a plant 5cm away.

Top dressing

This refers to the second application of fertilizer several weeks after the first dose have being
applied.

Preamble: An object is at rest on the floor of a bus moving with a steady velocity on a horizontal
road.

If there is no friction between the object and the floor of the bus, what is the force needed to keep
the object moving with the bus?

0N

What happens to the object when the bus stops suddenly?

The object will be jerked forward in the bus because it has inertia.

Why does the object slide forward when the bus stops suddenly?

Because no force has acted on it to stop it motion.

Calculate the pH of 10 cm3 of 0.10 moldm-3 HCl diluted with water to 100cm3.

Calculate the pH of 0.10 moldm-3 solution of KOH.

13

Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing 10cm3 of 0.2 moldm-3 NaCl solution with 10cm3 of
0.2 moldm-3 HCl solution.

2016(G)

Preamble: Simplify

√2 � √32

√3 � √12

√5 � √2 � √10

10

Which of the following forms of energy is possessed by the molecules of an ideal gas: thermal,
potential, kinetic?

Kinetic
An ideal gas is compressed isothermally so that its volume is halved. Which of the following
properties of gas molecule is doubled: thermal energy, internal energy, kinetic energy?

None of them

Which of the following properties of an ideal gas determines its internal energy: pressure,
temperature, volume?

Temperature

Preamble: Mention the class of food substances for which the following tests are used.

Biuret test

Proteins

Sudan III test

Fat and oil

Million's test

Proteins

Preamble:Use parenthesis to ensure that the sum is correct

13 − 1 � 3 � 3 + 82 = 670

(13 - 1 � 3) � (3 + 82)

13 − 1 � 3 � 3 + 82 = 172

(13 - 1) � (3 � 3 + 82)

13 − 1 � 3 � 3 + 82 = 1210

(13 - 1 � 3) � (3 + 8)2

Preamble: A 5.0 nC charge lies 2.0 m east of a 2.0 nC charge. The coulomb law constant is
approximately 9.0 � 109 m/f.

What is the electrostatic potential midway between the charges?

63V

Find the magnitude of the electrostatic field strength midway between the charges.

27V/m or 27N/C

Find the energy of a -0.10 pC charge placed midway between the charges
-6.3pJ

Define an endothermic process.

It is a chemical reaction or a physical change in which heat is absorbed from the surrounding.

Define a closed system in thermodynamics.

A closed system is a system that allows the exchange of heat and not matter with its surroundings.

What do we call a system that does not allow either heat or mass exchange with its surrounding?

Isolated system

Ribosomes reside in 4 main places in almost all eukaryotic cells. Name one each.

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

2016(H)

Give two essential features of the glass discharge tube used by J.J Thompson in the experiment that
lead to the discovery of the electron.

It was a glass tube in which air is pumped out of the glass tube and so it had very low pressure in it.

Two metal plate or electrodes. One marked positive (anode) and another marked negative
(cathode).

High potential difference of voltage that was applied across the two electrode.

In the J.J Thompson's experiment, what was observed in the glass tube when electricity, was
switched on and what name was given to what he observed.

A glow was observed in the glass tube when a high voltage was applied and referred to as emission
of cathode rays.

J.J. Thompson observed the formation of the Cathode Rays. Describe two of the tests carried out on
the ray and the respective conclusion drawn.

The ray was deflected by both magnetic and electric field. The conclusion from this is that the ray is
made up of charged particles.

The ray was deflected away from the negative and attracted towards the positive plate. The
conclusion from this is that the ray is made up of negatively charged particles.
The ray behaves in the same way irrespective of the gas in the tube. The conclusion from this is that
the particles of the rays are common to all matter.

Preamble:Find the quadrant in which the angles lies.

420�

1st quadrant

240�

3rd quadrant

285�

4th quadrant

An animal has 48 chromosomes in each of its body cells. How many of these chromosomes came
from its male parent?

24 chromosomes

The nucleus of a cell contains a fixed number of chromosomes. Before mitosis, each chromosome
replicates to produce how many chromatids.

2 chromatids

A cell in the basal layer of the skin contains 46 chromosomes and divides by mitosis to produce
new skin cells. How many chromosomes will the basal cell have after 5 successive divisions?

46

What is an adiabatic process?

It is a process that occurs without heat exchange.

What is an isobaric process?

It is a process that occurs without a change in pressure.

What is an isometric process?

It is a process that occurs without a change in volume.

Preamble: A circle has a center at the origin and a radius of length 10. Determine if the given point
lies on the circle or not.

(√19 , 9)

It lies on the circle

(-√51 , 7)

It lies on the circle

(-8, √37)

It does not lie on the circle

Which of these elements in plants is required in small quantities?

a. Boron, b. Nitrogen , c. Phosphorus d. Magnesium

a. Boron

Which of the following processes cannot be carried out by the mammalian stomach?

a. Absorption of glucose, b. Secretion of hydrochloric acid, c. Secretion of gastric juice, d.

Production of trypsin

d. Production of trypsin.

Which of these products obtained from analysing sweat from skin is not an excretory product?

a. Urea, b. Water , c. Salts, d. Dust

d. Dust

The magnitude of the linear momentum of a 2 kg object is 18 N s. find the speed of the object.

9m/s

Find the mass of an object whose linear momentum has magnitude 5 N s when speed is 5 m s-1

10kg

What is the linear momentum of a 4 kg object moving at 5 m s-1 due south?

20kg/s moving due south

2016(I)

1)If your are provided with a mixture or a suspension of a solid in a solvent, name the piece of
equipment or glassware that will be needed to perform suction filtration.

Conical flask (with a side arm), Buchner funnel, Suction pump, Filter paper, Glass rod,
Plastic/rubber tubing

Preamble: The fundamental charge is approximately 1.6 × 10-19 C.

The net charge on an object is -4.8 × 10-17C. What is the number and type of excess fundamental
particles on the object?

300 and it is electrons.

The net charge on a metal sphere is 6.4 × 10-17C. what must be done to change on it to 3.2 × 10-17
with the least change in mass?

To remove 600 electrons from it

Find the final net charge when 1000 electrons are added to a metal sphere carrying a net charge of
1.6 × 10-16C.

Preamble: Factorise the trinomial completely

5ϰ2 – 36ϰ + 7

(x - 7)(5x -1)

12ϰ2 – 18ϰ + 6

6(2x – 1) (x -1)

8ϰ2 – 2ϰ – 10

2(4x - 5)(x + 1)

Preamble: State the difference between crustaceans and insects with respect to the following:

Body division

Insects have 3 body divisions while crustaceans have 2 body divisions.

Type of eye

Crustaceans have a pair of stocked eye while insects have a pair of compound eye.

Respiratory organ

The respiratory organ of crustaceans is the gill whereas that of the insect is the trachea.

300 cm3 of a 0.24 moldm-3 KOH solution is diluted to 900 cm3. What is the new concentration of
the KOH solution?

0.08mol/dm3

100 cm3 of a 0.100 moldm-3 HCI solution is added to 400 cm3 of 0.05 moldm-3 HCI solution. What
is the total mmole of HCI in the resultant solution?
30 mmole

200 cm3 of a 0.100 moldm-3 HCI solution was added to 300 cm3 of 0.25 moldm-3 solution of KOH.

0.055 moles

An object falling vertically downward has a speed of 5 m/s. Find the distance it falls in 2 s.

30 m

An object is launched vertically upward with speed 10 m/s. Find the greatest height above the
launch point it attains.

5m

A soccer ball is dropped from a height of 0.8 m. Find the speed of the ball when it strikes the ground.

4m/s

3√(-125)

-5

3√(-40)

-2∛5

3√(-32)

-2 ∛4

Preamble: State the main type of vitamin that humans can obtain by eating the following types of
food.

Yeast, Unpolished rice, Milk, Beans, Palm wine.

Vitamin B1(Thiamine)

Liver, Eggs, Fish, Milk. Palm oil, Fresh vegetable.

Vitamin A

Citrus fruits and Green vegetables

Vitamin C

2016(J)

What is the mechanical advantage of a simple gear train with a 20 tooth gear driving a 40 tooth
gear?
2

Find the velocity ratio of a simple gear train comprising of a 20 tooth gear driving a 40 tooth gear.

0.5

Find the velocity ratio of a simple gear train comprising three gears: a 20 tooth gear driving a 40
tooth gear which in turn drives an 80 tooth gear.

0.25

Preamble: Consider the following reversible chemical reaction which is exothermic in the forward
direction; A (g) + B (g) → 3 C (g).

At equilibrium how will an increase in temperature affect the equilibrium constant.

It will decrease the equilibrium constant.

At equilibrium how will an increase in pressure affect the equilibrium constant.

The will be no effect on the equilibrium constant.

At equilibrium how will an increase in volume affect the equilibrium position.

The reaction will move backwards.

Preamble: Find the base number if the sum is correct.

352 + 135 = 531

Base 6

323 + 144 = 1022

Base 5

435 + 247 = 704

Base 8

Which of these is the terminal portion of the alimentary canal of a mammal?

a. Appendix b. Stomach c. Rectum d. Colon

c. Rectum

Which of these tissues serves the function of support and water conduction in plants.

[Link] b. Phloem c. Sclerenchyma d. Xylem

d. Xylem
Which of the following best describes an organism which lives on the remains of dead plants?

[Link] b. Saprophyte c. Commensal d. Symbiont

B. Saprophyte

A 1.0 N force makes an angle of 30� with the vertical. Find the horizontal component of the force.

0.5N

The horizontal component of a force is 2.0 N. find the magnitude of the force if it makes an angle of
60� with the horizontal.

4N

A horizontal 4.0 N force is in equilibrium with an oblique force of magnitude 8.0 N. Find the angle
the oblique force makes with the horizontal.

60�

A balloon containing 3 moles of oxygen and 5 moles of helium has a pressure of 160 kPa. How
many moles of nitrogen must be pumped into the balloon so as to increase the total pressure to 200
kPa.

2 moles

A sealed vessel contains 6 moles of oxygen, 8 moles of nitrogen and 10 moles helium. Calculate the
mole fraction of the oxygen and give your answer to 2 places of decimal.

0.25 moles

A sealed flask that contains 6 moles of oxygen, 9 moles of nitrogen and 10 moles of helium has a
total pressure of 400 kPa. Calculate the partial pressure of the nitrogen.

144 kPa

Preamble:Express in exponential form.

3√ϰ2

X2/3

√√ϰ

X1/4

5√ϰ3

X3/5

2016(K)
 In 1911 Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom, based on the results of the α -
scattering experiment in which he was assisted by Geiger and Marsden. Give any one observation
they made and the conclusion Rutherford drew from that observation.

A few alpha particle virtually bounced back meaning there was a heavy nucleus where all the mass
was concentrated. Most of the volume occupied by the atoms are empty space. The path of the few
alpha particle got deflected.

A disc spins freely with angular momentum 50.0 J s and angular velocity 4.00 rad s-1. Find its
moment of inertia.

12.5kg/m2

A disc spins with moment of inertia 20 kg m2 spins at a uniform rate from rest to an angular speed
of 15 rad s-1 in 6 s. What is the net torque acting on the disc?

50Nm

A net torque on a spinning disc is 8.0 N m when its angular velocity changes at a rate of 0.50 rad s-2.
Find its moment of inertia.

16Kgm2

How would you destarch the leaves of a potted plant?

By leaving it in darkness for 48 hours.

In a school laboratory, what is the simplest way of checking that destarching has been effective?

To check on the destarching, part of the leaf should be tested with iodine.

Preamble:Find the maximum value of the function:

y = 5sin(ϰ + 30°) + 2

y = 2 − 5cos(ϰ − 30�)

y = 5 + 3cos(30� − ϰ)

Preamble: when Silver (I) oxide is heated alone at temperature over 100°C, it decomposes to
metallic silver. The balanced equation is as follows: 2Ag2O → 4Ag + O2

Atomic mass: Ag = 108.0 , O = 16.0

Calculate the mass of silver metal that can be obtained from 23.2 g of the oxide if the conversion is
only 90% efficient. Give your answer to two places of decimal.

19.44 grams

Calculate the mass of the silver oxide that needs to be heated in order to obtain 64.8 g of silver,
assuming the process is 100% efficient. Give your answer to one place of decimal.

69.6 grams

Calculate the volume of oxygen at STP that can be obtained from heating 92.8 g of silver (I) oxide.
The molar volume of gas is 22.4 dm3 at STP. Give your answer to two places of decimal.

4.48dm3

Name the high resistance that separates the p- and n- type regions of a pn junction.

The depletion layer

What happens to the width of the depletion region of a pn junction when the junction is reverse
biased?

The width increases

What physical process accounts for the presence of the depletion layer in an un- biased pn junction?

Diffusion

Preamble: State whether the characteristics of flowers are regarded as adaptations to pollination by
bees:

White or coloured petals

It is regarded as an adaptation to pollination by bees.

Anthers and stigma protruding from the flower.

It is not regarded as an adaptation to pollination by bees.

Spiky and sticky pollen grains.

It is regarded as an adaptation to pollination by bees.

2016(L)

What is the SI prefix for 1012?

Tera

What power of ten corresponds to the SI prefix atto?

10-18

How many gigahertz make one megahertz?

1/1000

How many elements are present in Group 8 or 18 of the Periodic Table?

What are the first and the last elements in Period 3 of the periodic table?

The first is Sodium and the last is Argon

What is the atomic number of the first element in the first period of the d-transition elements?

21

A customer pays GH�840 for an item at a discount of 20%. Find the original price.

Gh� 1050

An item originally listed at GH�2000 is sold at a discount of 15%. Find the sales price.

GH� 1700

At a sales, a radio originally listed at GH�500 is sold for GH �350. Find the % discount.

30%

Preamble: Distinguish between dicotyledonous plants and monocotyledonous plants with reference
to the following:

Type of root system

Dicotyledonous have tap root system whereas Monocotyledonous have adventitious root system.

Arrangement of vascular bundles

Dicotyledonous are scattered whereas Monocotyledonous are in circular or cylindrical pattern.

Arrangement of leaf veins

Monocotyledonous have parallel venation whereas Dicotyledonous have net venation

What is the time constant of a series of RC circuit containing a 10Ω resistor and a 5 µF capacitor?

5 × 10-5s

Find the time constant of a series RL circuit containing a 10Ω resistor and a 5 µH inductor.

0.5μS
Determine the inductance in a series RL circuit containing a 10Ω resistor and whose time constant
is equal to that of a series RC circuit containing a 10Ω resistor and a 5 µF capacitor?

5 × 10-4H

Methanoic acid has a pKa of 3.76. Calculate the pKb of the methanoate ion.

10.24

Calculate the PH of a 0.10 moldm-3 solution of methanoic acid, whose ppKa is 3.76.

2.38

Calculate the pH of 0.5 moldm-3 solution of HCI. Assume log10 5 = 0.70.

0.30

Preamble: Find the values of ϰ for which the expression is undefined.

ϰ/(ϰ2 + 1)

It is always defined

ϰ/(ϰ2 - 1)

x = 1 or x = -1

(ϰ -2)/(ϰ + 1)(ϰ -3)

x = -1 , x = 3

Preamble: State the differences between the male gametes and the female gametes of human with
regard to the following:

Their relative numbers

Male gametes are produced in large numbers as compared to female gametes.

Their shape

Male gametes have long tails with conical head whereas female gametes are spherical in shape.

Their size

Male gametes are smaller than female gametes.

2016(M)

Preamble: Explain how the following factors affect the rate of diffusion in living cells.

Nature of particles.
The smaller the particle, the faster they move from one cell to another.

Concentration gradient.

The greater the concentration gradient, the greater the rate of diffusion.

Temperature.

The higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy increase and if kinetic energy increase
the velocity will increase and hence leads to high rate of diffusion.

Preamble: Rationalize the denominator

2/2 −√3

4 + 2√3

1/3 +2√2

3 - 2√2

2/4 −√15

8 + 3√15

Preamble: Which of the given units are equivalent?

J, N s, N m, W s

J, N m, W s

N, kg m s2 , J m-1, VC m-1

N, J m-1, VC m-1

A s, J V-1, N s T-1 m-1, V s

A s, J V-1, N s T-1 m-1

Consider the equilibrium reaction. A(g) + 2 B(g) → 2 C(g) State the effect of increase in the internal
pressure on the position of the equilibrium

The effect will be an increase in the internal pressure will shift the equilibrium position to the right

Consider the equilibrium reaction. A(g) + 2 B(g) → 2 C(g) If at equilibrium more of gaseous A is
introduced, explain what happens to the equilibrium constant.

The equilibrium constant will remain constant since an increase in a will increase the products in c

Consider the reversible reaction: CO(g) + 3 H2(g) → CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat At which
temperature will the equilibrium constant be greater, 300K or 500K?
300K will make the equilibrium constant greater

Name the first step in carrying out ecological studies in a terrestrial habitat.

Location of the area.

What name is given to a situation where only specified tress in a forest reserve is cut down?

Selective exploitation

A farmer cultivating leafy vegetables will require fertilizers with a relatively high content of which
mineral?

Nitrogen

Preamble: Find the equation of the line. . . .

Through the point A(1, 1) and parallel to the line with equation 2ϰ – 3y = 5,

2x – 3y + 1 = 0

Through the point B(2, -1) and perpendicular to the line with equation y = -1,

x=2

Through the point C(2, 3) and parallel to the line with equation y = 5.

y=3

Astationary 0.2 kg object moving at 6 m s-1 collides head-on with becomes embedded in a abject of
mass 0. 4 kg. Determine the speed of the composite object after the collision.

2m/s

A stationary 0.6 kg object spontaneously disintegrates into two pieces and one piece, of mass 0.2 kg,
flies off with speed 20 m [Link] the speed of the other piece.

10m/s

A steel ball of mass 0.8 kg moving at 5 m s-1 collides head-on with a stationary block and stops.
What is the mass of the block if it moves with speed 2 m s-1?

0.2kg

Calculate the enthalpy change of the following reaction:

CO(g) + 3 H2(g) → CH4(g) + H2O(g) given that the enthalpies of formation in kJmol-1 of CO(g),
CH4(g) and H2O(g) , are -110, -75.0 and -241 respectively.

-206kJ/mol
If the enthalpy change for the reaction;

CH4(g) + 4 Cl2(g) → CCl4 (I) + 4HCI(g), is -433 kJmol-1,then calculate the enthalpy of formation of
HCI(g) given that the enthalpies of formation in kJmol-1 of CH4(g) and CCl4 (I) are -75 and -140
respectively.

-92kJ/mol

Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction: 2 S(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) , given that the enthalpy
of formation of SO3 gas is -198kJmol-1

-396kJ/mol