JURNAL INFORMATIKA ISSN: 1978-0524

Vol. 14, No 3, September 2020, pp. 102-111 102

Association pattern of students thesis examination using fp-

growth algorithms
Ika Arfiani a,1,*, Herman Yuliansyah a,2, Tia Purwantias a,3
a
Department of Informatics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia
1
[email protected] *; 2 [email protected]; 3 [email protected]
* corresponding author

A BS T RA C T

The thesis examination is the final project for students to graduate from their majors. Keywords:
This thesis researches scientific work between a student and a supervisor in finding Data Mining,
solutions to a problem. In the thesis examination, students must present their Association Rules Mining,
research results to be criticized by the examiner. This article aims to analyze the FP-Growth Algorithms,
association pattern of student thesis examinations at a private university. Although Students Thesis
the thesis's implementation has been carried out following procedures, to determine Examination,
the composition of the board of examiners needs to be analyzed by examining the Data Patterns
pattern of relationships between research topics, supervisors, and examiners. This
study uses 448 data and uses FP-Growth Algorithms to find the rules. The research
methodology starts from preparing the Dataset, cleansing data, selecting data,
loading data into applications, transforming data, itemset frequencies, forming
patterns, and analyzing rules. This study found 145 patterns of association rules with
a minimum support value = 4 and a minimum trust value = 50%. The association
rule pattern of 77.78% is under scientific group data. The benefits of the association
pattern produced in this study can determine the composition of the examiners on
the student thesis examination according to the research topic and scientific field of
the examiners.

I. Introduction
Association rule mining is a technique in data mining instead of classification, clustering, and
prediction. By using data mining, the data scientist can find new insight from the data. Data mining
can implement in several areas, i.e., discovering client behavior patterns that can use to address the
marketing strategies[1], discovering undergraduate student data[2], and extracting facts from medical
data[3] by association rule mining. Data mining also uses to identify toddlers nutritional status[4],
extraction risk factor from the highly ranked association rules for early childhood caries[5], analysis
of the relationship among patent documents[6], analysis of ozone condition[7], [8], and determining
the pharmacies drug to prevent a drug mistake[9].
Educational data mining is an interesting topic to discuss. The main goal of implementing data
mining in the educational area is to use experience and new insight to improve the quality of
education[10] and manage new courses properly[11]. Data mining also can use to prevent educational
risk and educational opportunities i.e., student drop-out[12]–[16], duration of study[17], [18], learning
behaviors[19]–[21], students outcome[22], [23] and student performance[10], [24]–[26].
In the previous research, the FOLD-growth method was used to analyze Alumni data's frequent
pattern relation between time to get a job, study duration, age, English skill, field skill, grade point
average, and the first salary [27]. This article will discuss the unique implementation of data mining
for the educational field. By using association rules mining, we interest in analyzing student thesis
examination to find meaningful association patterns. The thesis is a written scientific work prepared
by students based on the results of the research problem. This research was carried out carefully with
the guidance of a supervisor and research work from students. The results of this study are expected
to contribute to knowledge and society. Every university and department has its procedure to provide
student thesis examination. In general, every student thesis examination consists of four attributes,
i.e., student, supervisor, examiner, and topic research. There is no problem in implementing student
thesis examination, but how to evaluate the combination of the four attributes is interesting to explore.
The university and department need to confirm that the application of student thesis examination is
the right option.

DOI: 10.26555/jifo.v14i3.a17691 W : http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/JIFO

E : [email protected]
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In this article, we are interested in analyzing the student thesis examination based on private data
university—the objectives of this research to analyze the data mechanism. Besides the analyzing
mechanism, this research also develops a web application using python programming. It makes simple
when the other data come from another university or department and need to analyze to get the
association pattern.

II. Method
FP-Growth algorithm was introduced by Han [28]. This algorithm is the improvement of Apriori
Algorithms [29] that generate frequent patterns without candidate generation. The association rules
mining [30] analyzes frequent patterns that consist of items and finds the association between X and
Y, where X and Y are itemsets. The methodology in this research follows Figure 1.

Data
Data Tranformasi
Database Cleaning

Pattern Evaluation Data Mining Proses

Fig. 1. Methodology to analyze association rules

Starting the development process, previously prepared an e-commerce platform consisting of 2

pages. The first page is the front of the e-commerce platform, and the second is the product detail
page. The system scenario that is created assumes that the user explores the system by seeing the
products on the front page, continuing to the product detail page. The product item data used is sample
data taken from an e-commerce site in Indonesia. The data taken are product names, product prices,
pictures, and product descriptions.
1. Data selection. Select the variable based on the independent variable of this research. The variables
are research topics, supervisors, and examiners.
2. Data cleaning. Clean the data from noise data. The noise data are the data with null value or
irrelevant value, or invalid value. The cleaning mechanism is by removing the noise data.
3. Data load. This research develops a web application using python programming. The Dataset has
been prepared then uploaded into the web application to start analyzing.
4. Data transformation. Because of the data in variable research topics, supervisors and examiners
can duplicate value. The data need to transform. Hashing technique was chosen in this
transformation step.
5. Calculate Frequent Itemsets. Calculate frequent is to find the itemset that frequent of the Dataset.
Then determine the minimum support values to eliminate the infrequent itemset.
6. FP-Growth Algorithms. The FP-Growth Algorithms steps consist of several tasks, i.e., building
FP-Tree, generate a conditional pattern base, construct conditional FP-Tree, and generate frequent
patterns. After frequent patterns generate, then calculate the confidence value of the frequent
patterns. The analyzer needs to determine the value of minimum confidence. Then the web
application can remove the frequent patterns less than minimum confidence values.
7. Analyze Association Rules. This step is to confirm the validation of the result. If several patterns
are not matched with real insight. Then can decide that the historical data have a mismatch

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III. Results and Discussion

A. Dataset
The earlier step of this research is to collect the Dataset from the academic unit. The Dataset
contains 448-row data with several variables, i.e., student number, name, department, address, data
registration, and so on. Table 1 shows the collection of the Dataset. This Dataset used a basis in this
research. The next step of this research is preprocessing the Dataset to get a clean dataset processed
to the algorithms. The preprocessing step will perform like data selection and data cleansing. This
research not only analyses the data but also produces a web application that develops using python
programming. The web application also does the preprocessing step but only in data transformation.
It is because the data will transform into hash data. We choose the hash data because we need
consistent data before the analysis process.
B. Data Selection
The data selection stage is a process for selecting or deciding what variables will be used at the
data mining stage. Variables to be used include research topics, supervisors, first examiners, and
second examiners. The selection data can be seen, as shown in Table 2. These are related to the
objective from the analysis process that we want to understand these variables.
C. Data Cleaning
The cleaning process removes inconsistent data such as noise or invalid data on the supervisor's
data, research topics, first examiners, and second examiners. We have done this process for 448
datasets, but unfortunately, there is no data needed to remove.
D. Load Data to Application
A web application has developed using python programming to analyze association rules mining.
This python code also uses the pyfpgrowth library to implement the FP-Growth algorithms. After the
data cleansing and data selection process, then the Dataset will upload to the web application. The
web application will read all of the datasets and store the Dataset into the database.
E. Data Transformation
The data transformation uses function convertToHash in python, as shown in Table 1, to transform
the data text into hash data. The hash data only change variable supervisor, first examiner, and second
examiner. There are many similarity data in this variable and the fundamental character of association
rules every duplicate value will remove. A name can be a supervisor, first examiner, and second
examiner. It will duplicate data for association rules, so the solution is by adding a character that can
separate the data depending on the variable name. In this case, the supervisor column adds with
"pemb" word, the first examiner with "1uji" word, and the second examiner with "2uji" word.

Table 1. Data Transformation Code

No Code
1 li = {}
2 colname = 'supervisor'
3 li['pemb'] = convertToHash(x, colname)
4 for i,j in li['pemb'].items():
5 x[colname].replace([j]," 'pemb'"+i,inplace=True)
6 colname = 'first examiner'
7 li['1uji'] =convertToHash(x, colname)
8 for i,j in li['1uji'].items():
9 x[colname].replace([j]," '1uji'"+i,inplace=True)
10 colname = 'second examiner'
11 li['2uji'] = convertToHash(x, colname)
12 for i,j in li['2uji'].items():
13 x[colname].replace([j]," '2uji'"+i,inplace=True)

The result of the data transformation process shows in Figure 2. The column supervisor, first
examiner, and second examiner have success transform into hash data. By this transformation, all
three variables are not duplicate and ready to analyze.

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Fig. 2. Data Transformation Step

F. Frequent Itemsets
The first step in the FP-Growth algorithm is to find frequent itemset. This frequent itemset value
is needed to decide which item will be used in analyse association rules. The item infrequent will
remove, as shown in Figure 3.

Fig. 3. Result of Frequent Itemset

G. Result of FP-Growth Algorithms

The next step in the FP-Growth algorithm is to determine minimum support and minimum
confidence value [29]. In this research, we determine minimal support (min_supp) equal to 4 and
minimum confidence (min_conf) equivalent to 100%. The infrequent itemset will remove, and the
frequent itemset will re-arrange to build an FP-Tree. Figure 4 shows the illustration of the sample of
the FP-Tree in this research. After building FP-Tree, the FP-Growth algorithms need to generate a
conditional pattern base, as shown in Table 2.

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Fig. 4. Sample of FP-Tree

The conditional pattern base is decided based on the tree that has minimum support. The
conditional pattern base contains a combination between the item and number of the count from the
tree combination. Table 2 is a sample of conditional pattern base in this research.

Table 2. Sample 0f Conditional Pattern Base

suffix Conditional pattern base
1Ujia8 {(Pembfe,NLP:4)}
2Ujidf {( Pembfe,NLP:2), (Pembfe , NLP ,1Ujia8:2), (DATMIN:1)}
2Uji87 {( Pembfe,NLP,1Ujia8:4)}

The next step is to generate a conditional FP-Tree. At this stage, to find a conditional FP-Tree, by
adding up the existing support count, each item that has a larger number of support counts is equal to
the minimum support count that will be generated with a conditional FP-Tree, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Sample of Conditional FP-Tree

suffix Conditional FP-tree
1Ujia8 {( Pembfe ,NLP:4)}
2Ujidf {(1Ujia8:2), (Pembfe ,NLP:4)}
2Uji87 {( Pembfe , NLP ,1Ujia8:4)}

The conditional FP-Tree will generate Frequent Patterns. This stage is to find a single path and
then combine it with items in the FP-Tree conditional. Table 4 shows a sample of Frequent Patterns.

Table 4. Sample of Frequent Pattern

Item Frequent Patterns Generate
1Ujia8 {(1Ujia8:), (1Ujia8, NLP:3), (1Ujia8,Pmebfe:3), (1Ujia8,NLP,Pembfe:3)}
{(2Ujidf:), (1Ujia8, 2Ujidf:2), (1Ujia8,2Ujidf,NLP:2), (1Ujia8, 2Ujidf,
2Ujidf Pembfe:2), (2Ujidf,NLP:2), (2Ujidf,1Ujia8,NLP:2),
(2Ujidf,NLP,1Ujia8:2)(1Ujia8,2Ujidf,Pembfe ,NLP:2)}
2Uji87 {(2Uji87:), (2Uji87,NLP:2), (2Uji,Pembfe:2), (2Uji87,NLP,Pembfe:2}

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After frequent patterns are generated, the web application will re-transform the supervisor, first
examiner, and second examiner into the real name. The result of the re-transform data shows in Figure
5. Figure 5 also calculates the value of confidence. The values of confidence calculate with Formula
1 [31].

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡_𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡(𝐴∪𝐵)
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝐴 ⇒ 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡_𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡(𝐴)
(1)

The value of minimal confidence in this research is 100%. It is because only the maximal pattern
that wants to analyze the result.
H. Analyze Association Rules
The complete result of Figure 5 shows in Table 5. Table 5 is used to analyse step. The focus of the
investigation is to count the appropriate pattern if it combines with the background research and topic
research of the student. The validation process has done with confirmation to the data background
research and data research member. The result of validation found ten patterns (22.22%) is not
appropriate. It means the pattern based on historical data is not by the data group research member. It
can be due to several reasons FP-growth performance experience a drop when the FP-tree is very
dense. The pattern result can be the basis to improve the combination of thesis exam activity in the
future.

Fig. 5. Minimum Support and Minimum Confidence for FP-Growth Algorithms Results

Table 5. Validation of Asociation Rules Result

No Association Rules Validation
If the second examiner is Herman Yuliansyah, S.T., M.Eng., topic research is Android
1 Systems, the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom. Then the first examiner is Appropriate
Ardiansyah, S.T., M.Cs.
If the second examiner is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T., M.T., supervisor is Eko Aribowo,
2 Appropriate
S.T., M.Kom. Then topic research is Information System
If the second examiner is Ir. Ardi Pujiyanta, M.T., topic research is Intelligence Systems,
3 the supervisor is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom. Then the first examiner is Kartika Firdausy, Appropriate
S.T., M.T.
If the topic research is Android Systems, the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom.
4 Appropriate
Then the first examiner is Ardiansyah, S.T., M.Cs
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the second examiner is Murinto, Not
5
S.Si., M.Kom. Then topic research is Multimedia Appropriate
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the second examiner is Murinto,
Not
6 S.Si., M.Kom., the supervisor is Fiftin Noviyanto, S.T., M.Cs. Then topic research is
Appropriate
Multimedia
If the first examiner is Kartika Firdausy, S.T., M.T., the second examiner is Ir. Ardi
7 Appropriate
Pujiyanta, M.T. Then the supervisor is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom.

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No Association Rules Validation

If the first examiner is Eko Aribowo, S.T., M.Kom., the second examiner is Dewi Not
8
Soyusiawaty, S.T., M.T. Then the supervisor is Sri Winiarti, S.T., M.Cs. Appropriate
If the first examiner is Ardiansyah, S.T., M.Cs., the supervisor is Eko Aribowo, S.T.,
9 Appropriate
M.Kom. Then topic research is Information System
If the topic research is Intelligence Systems, the supervisor is Ir. Ardi Pujiyanta, M.T.
10 Appropriate
Then the second examiner is Sri Winiarti, S.T., M.Cs.
If the first examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the supervisor is Dr. Abdul Fadlil, M.T.
11 Appropriate
Then topic research is Intelligence Systems
If the second examiner is Ir. Ardi Pujiyanta, M.T., the topic research is Intelligence
12 Appropriate
Systems, Then the supervisor is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom.
If the second examiner is Ali Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs., topic research is Geography
13 Information System, the supervisor is Eko Aribowo, S.T., M.Kom. Then the first Appropriate
examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T.
If the first examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T., topic research is Geography Information
14 System, the supervisor is Eko Aribowo, S.T., M.Kom. Then the second examiner is Ali Appropriate
Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs.
If the second examiner is Ali Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs., the supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih,
15 Appropriate
S.T., M.T., M.T. Then the topic research is Information Systems
If the first examiner is Kartika Firdausy, S.T., M.T., the topic research is Intelligence
16 Appropriate
System Then the supervisor is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom.
If the second examiner is Herman Yuliansyah, S.T., M.Eng., supervisor is Drs. Wahyu
17 Appropriate
Pujiyono, M.Kom. Then topic research is Android Systems
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the supervisor is Sri
18 Appropriate
Handayaningsih, S.T., M.T. Then the topic research is Information System
If the first examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T., the second examiner is Rusydi Umar,
19 Appropriate
S.T., M.T., Ph.D. Then the supervisor is Fiftin Noviyanto, S.T., M.Cs.
20 If the supervisor is Dr. Abdul Fadlil, M.T. Then Topic research is Intelligence System Appropriate
If the first examiner is Dr. Abdul Fadlil, M.T., the second examiner is Sri Winiarti, S.T.,
21 M.Cs., topic research is Intelligence System, Then the supervisor is Ir. Ardi Pujiyanta, Appropriate
M.T.
If the first examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the topic research is Data Mining. Then Not
22
the supervisor is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T. Appropriate
If the topic research is Information System, the supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T.,
23 Appropriate
M.T., M.T. Then the second examiner is Ali Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs.
If the first examiner is Kartika Firdausy, S.T., M.T., the second examiner is Ir. Ardi
24 Pujiyanta, M.T., the topic research is Intelligence System. Then the supervisor is Murinto, Appropriate
S.Si., M.Kom.
If the second examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the supervisor is Fiftin Noviyanto,
25 Appropriate
S.T., M.Cs. Then topic research is Multimedia
If the first examiner is Dr. Abdul Fadlil, M.T., the supervisor is Sri Winiarti, S.T., M.Cs.
26 Appropriate
Then topic research is Intelligence System
If the second examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the topic research is Intelligence
27 Appropriate
System. Then the supervisor is Sri Winiarti, S.T., M.Cs.
If the supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T., M.T., M.T. Then the second examiner is Ali
28 Appropriate
Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs., the topic research is Information System
If the second examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu Not
29
Pujiyono, M.Kom. Then topic research is Multimedia Appropriate
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the second examiner is Ali
30 Appropriate
Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs. Then topic research is Information System
If the second examiner is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T., M.T., M.T. Then the first examiner is
31 Appropriate
Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T.
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the second examiner is Ali
32 Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs., the supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T.,M.T. Then topic Appropriate
research is Information System
If the first examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T., topic research is Information System, the
33 supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T., M.T., M.T. Then the second examiner is Ali Appropriate
Tarmuji, S.T., M.Cs.
If the topic research is Geography Information System, the supervisor is Eko Aribowo,
34 Appropriate
S.T., M.Kom. Then first examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T.
If the first examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, Not
35
M.Kom. Then topic research is Multimedia Appropriate
If the first examiner is Kartika Firdausy, S.T., M.T., the second examiner is Sri Winiarti,
36 Appropriate
S.T., M.Cs. Then the supervisor is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom.
If the first examiner is Dr. Abdul Fadlil, M.T., the second examiner is Sri Winiarti, S.T.,
37 M.Cs., the supervisor is Ir. Ardi Pujiyanta, M.T. Then topic research is Intelligence Appropriate
System

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No Association Rules Validation

If the first examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T., the second examiner is Ali Tarmuji, S.T.,
38 M.Cs., the supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih, S.T., M.T., M.T. Then topic is Information Appropriate
System
If the first examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the second examiner is Fiftin Noviyanto,
Not
39 S.T., M.Cs., the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom. Then topic research is
Appropriate
Multimedia
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the supervisor is Fiftin Noviyanto, Not
40
S.T., M.Cs. Then the second examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom. Appropriate
If the first examiner is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom., the topic research is Multimedia,
Not
41 the supervisor is Fiftin Noviyanto, S.T., M.Cs. Then the second examiner is Murinto,
Appropriate
S.Si., M.Kom.
If the topic research is Intelligence System, the supervisor is Dr. Abdul Fadlil, M.T. Then
42 Appropriate
the first examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom.
If the first examiner is Drs. Tedy Setiadi, M.T., the supervisor is Sri Handayaningsih,
43 Appropriate
S.T., M.T., M.T. Then Topic research is Information System
If the first examiner is Murinto, S.Si., M.Kom., the second examiner is Fiftin Noviyanto,
Not
44 S.T., M.Cs., the topic research is Multimedia. Then the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu
Appropriate
Pujiyono, M.Kom.
If the first examiner is Ardiansyah, S.T., M.Cs., the second examiner is Herman
45 Yuliansyah, S.T., M.Eng., the supervisor is Drs. Wahyu Pujiyono, M.Kom. Then topic Appropriate
research is Android Systems

IV. Conclusion
Based on the result and discussion section, searching the Frequent Itemset of the decision tree uses
the FP-Growth algorithm that works very well in doing the Frequent Itemset with the FP-Tree building
process by generating rules from existing datasets. The results found 45 patterns of association rules
with a minimum support value is four, and minimum confidence is 100%. This pattern has been
validated with scientific group data, found 77.78% appropriate pattern, and 22.22% is not appropriate.
Acknowledgment
This research supported by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan in the research scheme Competitive
Research Grant (Penelitian Hibah Bersaing/PHB) with grant No: PHB-073/SP3/LPPM-UAD/IV/2019
on 08 April 2019
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