May 12, 1959 EB. A.

BAREN GOLTZ 2,886,791

TRANSFORMER CORE AND COIL CLAMPING MEANS
Filed March ll, l957 3. Sheets-Sheet l

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May 12, 1959 EB. A. BAREN GOLTZ 2,886,791
TRANSFORMER CORE AND COIL CLAMPING MEANS
Filed March ill, l957 3 Sheets-Sheet 2

INVENTOR.

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May 12, 1959 B. A. BAREN GOLTZ 2,886,791
TRANSFORMER CORE AND COIL CLAMPING MEANS
Filed March ll, 1957 3. Sheets-Sheet 3

INVENTOR.

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 United States Patent Office 2,886,791
Patented May 12, 1959
2
transformer which permits holding the electrical coils to
2,886,791 a predetermined axial height independent of the upper
TRANSFORMER CORE AND COL yoke and upper side frame members, whereby the trans
CLAMPNG MEANS former may stand for days without swelling of the coils
Bernard A. Barengoitz, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to even though the upper yoke and upper side frames are
McGraw-Edison Company, Milwaukee, Wis, a corpo not assembled. It is a further object of the invention to
ration of Delaware provide such an improved clamping means which avoids
the delays in manufacture inherent when the above de
Application March 11, 1957, Serial No. 645,285 0
scribed prior art clamping means were utilized and per
7 Claims. (Cl. 336-197)
mits saving of more than fifty percent in the time and
labor required to assemble transformers. A still further
object of the invention is to provide such an improved
This invention relates to stationary induction apparatus clamping means which obviates the necessity of drying
and more particularly to means for clamping the core out the coils as was frequently required when prior art
and coils of stationary induction apparatus of the power 5 clamping means were utilized.
type. Another object of the invention is to provide an im
In the conventional construction of electrical power proved means for clamping the core and coils of an elec
transformers having laminated magnetic cores, channel trical transformer wherein the side frame members and
iron lower side frame members are disposed on opposite 20
lock strips are fully interchangeable between transform
sides of, and bolted to, the lower yoke of the core, and ers, wherein the lock strips are easily secured to the side
lock strips disposed on opposite sides of, and bolted to, frame members, and wherein loading of the lock strips is
the legs of the core are secured to the lower side frame substantially uniform.
members and extend through the window of the electrical Still another object of the invention is to provide im
coils. Among the last assembly operations for magnetic proved clamping means for the core and coil of an elec
cores having conventional clamping means, laminations trical transformer wherein it is only necessary to tighten
of the upper yoke are individually assembled in inter in at a few places to clamp each coil in an axial direction
leaved relation with the leg laminations, and channel iron, contrast to the tightening of a multiplicity of relatively
upper side frame members are positioned on opposite inaccessible set screws as required with prior art clamp
sides of the upper yoke, bolted to the upper yoke lamina 30 ing means. A further object of the invention is to pro
tions, and secured to the lock strips. Subsequently a vide such improved clamping means which results in a
plurality of means such as set Screws threadably engaging more rigid frame structure for resisting short circuit
the side frame members are tightened to clamp the elec forces in the electrical coils and more uniform clamping
of the electrical coils.
trical coils in an axial direction and prevent movement
thereof under the stresses incident to short circuit condi 35 Another object of the invention is to provide an im
tions. proved clamping means for the core and coil of an elec
This conventional means for clamping the core and trical transformer which permits a material reduction in
coils has several disadvantages. Often the electrical coils, the height of the magnetic core and in the amount of
particularly those of the pancake type, swell to such an steel required in the core.
extent in an axial direction that it is impossible to inter 40 A still further object of the invention is to provide
leave the top yoke laminations with the leg laminations an improved clamping means for the core and coil of an
without first drying out the coils. This swelling of the electrical transformer which results in an appreciable re
coils sufficiently in an axial direction to prevent assembly duction in the noise level of the transformer.
of the upper yoke laminations occurs most frequently These and other objects and advantages of the inven
when a transformer is not completely finished during a 45 tion will be apparent from the following detailed descrip
working day and the coils stand overnight. At times it tion whenwherein:
drawing taken in conjunction with the accompanying
is necessary to dry out the coils three or four times to
shrink them sufficiently to permit assembly of the upper Fig. 1 is an elevation view of an electrical transformer
yoke laminations to the leg laminations. Such prior art core and coil assembly having improved clamping means
core and coil clamping means resulted in unnecessary de 50 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the in
lay in manufacture as well as waste of time and labor. the vention, a portion being broken away to better illustrate
Alignment between the lock strips and upper side frame construction;
members was extremely critical with such prior art clamp Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through the
ing means, and it was virtually impossible to interchange center core leg along line 2-2 of Fig. 1 but before the
lock strips or side frame members between transformers. electrical coils, the upper yoke, and the upper side frame
This criticality of alignment between lock strips and upper 55 members are assembled.
side frame members required marking, drilling, and ma Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 after electrical wind
chining of the upper side frame members of each trans ings are inserted over the core legs, upper clamping plates
former separately to assure that they mated with the lock are securedto toclamp the lock strips, and the lock strips are
strips. Consequently, construction of side frame mem 60 tightened the coils in an axial direction inde
pendent of the upper yoke and upper side frame
bers by production means such as a jig was not feasible, members;
and the loading of the lock strips interconnecting the up Fig. 4 is a view similar to Figs. 2 and 3 after the
per and lower side frame members was seldom uniform.
A still further disadvantage of this prior art core and and, yoke and upper side frame members are assembled;
????'
coil clamping means was that tightening of a plurality of 65 Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing details of the in
Set Screws, many of which were in inaccessible positions terengaging means between the upper clamping plates
behind lead supports, to clamp the electrical coils in an and the lock strips, a portion being broken away to better
axial direction was tedious and difficult and seldom re illustrate the construction.
Sulted in uniform clamping of the electrical coils. Referring to the drawing, a three phase electrical
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved 70 transformer is illustrated having a laminated magnetic
Ineans for clamping the core and coils of an electrical core 10 of the stacked type, although it will be apparent
that the invention is also applicable to transformers hav
 2,886,791.
3. 4
ing wound type cores. Magnetic core 10 has three desired, elongated wooden filler strips (not shown) of
laminated leg members i, 12 and 33 connected at their generally U-shaped cross section and adapted to freely
lower ends by a lower yoke member 15 and at their receive the lock strips 39 may be placed over the lock
upper ends by an upper yoke member 16. The illustrated 5 strips, Wrapped
and the core legs 11, 12 and 13 may then be
with suitable tape without preventing longitu
magnetic core 10 is of approximately cruciform cross dinal movement of leck strips 30 relative to leg mem
section, being built up of packs. 17 of laminations which bers ii., 42 and 13. The entire assembly cf lower yoke
are wider and longer at the middle of the core than at the 55, lower side frame member 23, and leg members 11, 12
outer faces of the core. However, it will be understood and 13 may then be uprighted and supported on transverse
that the cruciform cross section is by way of example 0 channel base members 34 positioned beneath lower side
only and that the invention is equally applicable to cores fran2e Rheir boi's 23 and in alignment with core leg mem
having legs and yokes which are of rectangular or of any bers i, 2 and 13. A sheet of insulation 35 is dis
other desired cross section. In each laminar layer the posed between the lower yoke 25 and the channel base
leg laminations i8 in the core legs 1, 12 and 13. are
joined at their upper and lower ends to yoke. laminations members 34, steel spacers 37 are disposed between the
19 and 20 in the upper...and lower yokes, respectively by lower side frame members 23 and the channel base mem
bers 34, and the iower side frame members 23 are se
miter butt joints 21, and the core joint is of the overlap
butt type wherein the ends of the interleaved leg and cured to the chaiane base members 34 by bolts 38. The
lower. Support means for the core and coil assembly thus
yoke laminations have a tapered overlap with respect to includes the channel base members 34, the lower frame
each other.
In transformers having prior art core and coil clamp members 23 secured to the base members 34, and the
lower clamping plates 24 carried by the lower side frame
ing means, lock strips, bolted to the core leg members members 23.
extended through and were secured to upper and lower Fig. 3 illustrates succeeding steps in assembling core
side frame members. In such prior art construction the and coil clamping means in accordance with the inven
alignment of the lock strips, and side frame members tion.
was critical, and it was necessary to match each of the helicallyElectrical windings 25 of either the pancake or
wound type may be inserted over core legs 11,
lock strips so the upper side frame members before the 12 and 13, and the lock strips 30 disposed on opposite
side frames were drilled and machined. Further, no sides of each core leg 11, 12 and 13 extend through the
means were provided to clamp the electrical coils in an
axial direction until the upper yoke laminations were in 30 window in the barrel type windings 25. Interengaging
means between lock strips 30 and the lower support means
terleaved with the leg laminations and the upper side include a threaded stud 40 secured by suitable means such
frame members bolted thereto, and the Swelling of the as Welding to the lower end of each lock strip 30 extend
electrical coils in an axial direction often required three ing through a clearance hole in a channel base member
or four drying operations to shrink the electrical coils 34
sufficiently to permit interleaving the upper yoke lamina 35 neland a nut 4 threaded on the stud 40 beneath the chan
base member 34.
tions with the leg laminations. Radially extending insulating spacers 43 arranged at
In the improved clamping means of the invention the
coils are clamped independently of the upper yoke and circumferentially
tween the
spaced apart locations are positioned be
lower-end of windings 25 and the semiannular
also independently of the upper side frame members, thus lower clamping plates 24, and upper clamping plates
preventing swelling of the coils when the partially as 40 46 disposed above the coils 25 are insulated therefrom
sembled transformer stands overnight and obviating the by similar
necessity of coil drying operations. Further, the mating arranged atradially extending insulating spacers 43 also
circumferentially spaced apart locations.
of the lock strips and upper side frame members is not Each upper clamping plate 46 is of approximately
critical, the lock strips and side frame members can be
drilled and machined by production methods, if desired, Semiannular
46 are spaced
shape, and opposed upper clamping plates
apart to permit the pack 47 of widest
prior to assembly, and these members are fully inter upper yoke laminations 19 to extend therebetween, as
changeable between transformers.
Lower support means for the core and coil assembly illustrated in Fig. 4, and to be interleaved with the
includes a pair of lower side frame members 23, prefer leg laminations 18. However, it will be appreciated
ably of channel iron, disposed on opposite sides of the that the two clamping plates 46 above the coil 25 sur
rounding each of the outer core legs 11 and 13. may, if
lower yoke 15 and having a plurality of semiannular, hori
zontally extending, lower clamping plates 24 rigidly af desired, be integral to provide rigidity, in which event
only one radially extending opening is required in the
fixed to the upper surface thereof. Pairs of semiannular resulting
plates 24 form generally annular supports Surrounding the widestupper clamping plate to permit interleaving of
the core legs 11, 12 and 13 for the lower end of electrical 55 leg laminations yoke
upper laminations 9 in pack 47 with the
18 of the outer core legs 18 and 3.
coils 25 encircling the core legs 11, 12 and 13. The lower Further, the invention also comprehends a construction
side frame members 23 are secured to the lower yoke
laminations 20 by bolts 27 extending through the clearance wherein all of the upper clamping plates 46 are integral.
Releasable interengaging means between lock strips 30
holes in the laminations 20 at points between... the legs and upper clamping plates 46 may comprise a clamping
11, 12 and 13, and insulating sleeves 28 surrounding bar 49 rigidly secured, preferably by welding, to the top
bolts 27 insulate them from the lower yoke lamination 60 surface of each upper clamping plate 46 near the inner
20. Insulating fillers 29 are positioned between the lower margin thereof
yoke 15 and the lower side frame members 23. The strip 30 adaptedand a yoke-like arrangement on each lock
leg laminations 18 of outer legs 11 and 13 and the leg and including a to fit over and latch the clamping bair 49
clamping pad 58 rigidly secured, prefer
laminations 18 of center leg 12 are preferably interleaved ably by welding, to the lock strip 30 and a locking bar 52
with the lower yoke laminations 20 in conventional man 65 rigidly secured, preferably by Welding, to the clamping
ner while the magnetic core is in a horizontal position pad 50 and having a depending
flat on the floor and without any windings on the core the lock strip 30 and adapted to fitportion over
53 spaced from
the clamping bar
legs. 11, 12 and 13. Steel plate lock strips 30 are dis 49. A pair of locating studs 55 are rigidly secured,
posed on opposite sides of each core leg member 11, 2 erably by welding, to the top surface of each clampingpref bar
and 13 after the building up of the lower yoke 15 and 70 49 at sufficiently spaced apart positions to permit entrance
the core leg members but before the lower side frame of the clamping pad 50 therebetween, and the locating
members 23 are positioned against and bolted to the studs 55 prevent relative movement between lock strip 30
lower yoke 15. Strips of core frame insulation 32 are and upper clamping plate 46 in a lateral direction.
disposed between the lock strips 30 and the leg laminations
18, along the entire length of each leg 1, 12 and 13. If 75 After lock strips 30 are secured to the upper clamping
 2,888,791
}
6
plates 46, the nuts 41 may be tightened on studs 40 be justable but the interengaging means between the lock
neath base channel members 34 to pull the upper clamp strips and the upper clamping plates
ing plates 46 downward relative to horizontally extend in order to permit tightening of the are made adjustable
ing lower clamping plates 24 and thus clamp the coils from clamping means
a position above the electrical coils rather than
25 in an axial direction therebetween. It will be appre from below the coils as in the disclosed embodiment.
ciated that at this stage of construction, the upper yoke Further, it will be apparent that it is within the scope
6 and upper side frame members are not assembled to of the invention to utilize adjustable interengaging means
the magnetic core. The coils 25 are thus clamped inde between the lock strips and both the upper and the lower
pendent of the upper yoke 16 and the upper side frame supports to permit tightening of the coil clamping means
members. Swelling of the coils 25 in an axial direction is O from both the top and the bottom of the transformer.
thus prevented, and the operation of drying out the coils, Transformers constructed in accordance with the im
which was frequently required when prior art clamping proved core and coil clamping means of the invention ex
means were utilized, is obviated by the improved clamping hibit a material reduction in noise level in comparison to
means of the invention.
As best shown in Fig. 4, the upper yoke laminations 19 transformers having prior art clamping means. This re
may then be assembled in interleaved relation with the
5 duction in noise may be theoretically explained on the
leg laminations 18 of core leg members 11, 12 and 13 at basis that the lock strips which clamp the coils are not
any desired future time to provide the desired joint con rigidly secured to either upper or lower side frame mem
struction without the necessity of oil drying operations as bers or to the leg members and thus do not transmit
was frequently required with prior art clamping means. 20
vibrations generated by magnetostriction as readily as
Upper side frame members 58, preferably of channel iron, when prior art clamping means are utilized.
may then be positioned on opposite sides of upper yoke In the first transformer on which it was utilized, the
26 with insulating fillers 59 disposed between upper yoke improved core and coil clamping means of the invention
16 and frame members 58. Each lock strip 30 has rigidly permitted a reduction of more than 1% inches in core
affixed to the upper end thereof, preferably by welding, height and a reduction of more than three percent in
an upwardly extending, threaded, upper side frame posi the amount of steel. Further, the improved clamping
tioning stud 60, and horizontally disposed positioning bars means resulted in a reduction of more than fifty percent
61 rigidly secured, preferably by welding, at spaced apart in the number of man-hours required to assemble tie
transformer.
positions to the top surface of the upper side frame mem It will also be appreciated that the improved core and
bers 58 have clearance holes for receiving the threaded 30 coil clamping means of the invention permits preassem
studs 60. The mating of lock strips 30 and upper side bly, as a unitary construction, of the upper side frame
frame members 58 is not critical and no difficulty is en members 58 and such accessories as a tap changer and
countered in inserting upper side frame positioning studs terminal board, with subsequent assembly of this unitary
66 through the clearance apertures in positioning bars 61. structure to the magnetic core and coils.
Tightening of nuts 62 threaded on studs 60 above posi While only a preferred embodiment of the invention
tioning bars 61, urges upper side frame members 58 has been illustrated and described, many modifications
against upper clamping plates 46 to reinforce the clamp and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled
ing of the coils 25 in an axial direction. Upper support in the art, and consequently it is intended in the append
means in the final transformer thus includes the upper ed claims to cover all such modifications and variations
clamping plates 46 and upper side frame members 58 se 40 as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
cured to the lock strips 30, and the upper frame members It is claimed:
58 held by lock strips 30 in direct contact with the upper 1. Electrical stationary induction apparatus compris
clamping plates 46 helps provide a rigid and mechanically ing, in combination, a laminated magnetic core having a
strong assembly for resisting short circuit forces in the plurality of vertical legs connected by upper and lower
coils 25. The upper side frame members 58 may be se yokes, a lower support including a pair of lower frame
cured by bolts 64 to the upper yoke laminations 19 at members disposed on opposite sides of said lower yoke,
points between core legs 11, 12 and 13, and vertically horizontally extending support portions on said lower
elongated clearance slots (not shown) provided in the frame members, electrical windings surrounding said legs
upper side frame members 58 for the bolts 64 permit ver and resting on said horizontally extending portions, a
tical movement of upper side frame members 58 relative 50 pair of lock strips on opposite sides of each of said legs
to the upper yoke laminations 19 when nuts 62 are tight
ened on studs 60. disposed between said leg and the winding surrounding it
Prior art coil clamping means conventionally included and being movable longitudinally relative to said leg, a
a plurality of set screws threaded to the upper and lower plurality of upper clamping members engaging the upper
side frame members for exerting pressure axially against end of said windings and being movable relative to said
the coils. Often these set screws were in inaccessible magnetic core, a plurality of interengaging means, each
positions behind lead supports where it was difficult to being between said lower support and one of said lock
tighten them, and the resulting clamping of the coils was strips, and a plurality of interengaging means, each be
seldom uniform. The improved coil clamping means of ing between one of said lock strips and one of said upper
the invention requires the tightening of threaded means 60 clamping members, each of one of said plurality of in
at only two places, i.e., nuts 41 on studs 40 below chan terengaging means being adjustable to vary the spacing
nel base members 34 in contrast to the many set screWS between said upper clamping members and said lower
which had to be tightened when prior art clamping means support, said lower frame members being immovable in
were utilized, and the direct contact between the upper at least one direction relative to the surface on which
side frame members 58 and the upper clamping plates said2. magnetic core is supported.
Stationary induction apparatus comprising, in com
46 provides a much more rigid frame structure and re bination, a laminated magnetic core having a plurality
sults in greater uniformity in clamping of the coils 25. of vertical legs connected by upper and lower yokes, a
Further, the lock strips of the invention are fully inter lower support including a pair of lower frame members
changeable between transformers, and it is no longer nec disposed on opposite sides of and clamped to said lower
essary to drill and machine the upper side frame mem 70 yoke, horizontally extending support portions on said
bers to fit the lock strips after the upper yoke is assembled lower frame members, electrical windings surrounding
as was required with prior art clamping means. It will said legs and resting on said horizontally extending
be appreciated that the invention also comprehends an tions, a pair of lock strips on opposite sides of eachpor of
arrangement wherein the interengaging means between said legs disposed between said leg and the winding sur
the lock strips and the lower support means is not ad 75 rounding it and being movable longitudinally relative to
 2,886,791
7
said leg, a plurality of horizontally extending upper netic core supported on said lower support means and
clamping plates engaging the upper end of said windings having a plurality of aligned vertical legs connected by
and being movable relative to said magnetic core, a plu upper and lower yokes, said lower support means includ
rality of interengaging means, each being between said ing a pair of members disposed on opposite sides of and
lower support and one of said lock strips, a plurality of 5 clamped to said lower yoke, electrical windings surround
interengaging means, each being between one of said lock ing said legs and resting on said horizontally extending
strips and one of said upper clamping plates, each of portions, upper support means including a plurality of
horizontally extending members engaging the upper end
one of said plurality of interengaging means being ad
justable to vary the spacing between said horizontally ex of said electrical windings and being movable relative to
said magnetic core, a pair of lock strips on opposite sides
tending portions and said upper clamping plates, a pair 10 of each of said legs disposed between said leg and the
of upper side frame members positioned on opposite
sides of said upper yoke and disposed above said upper winding surrounding it, each of said lock strips being
movable lengthwise relative to said leg and engaging
clamping plates, and a plurality of interengaging means, one of said support means, interengaging means between
each being between one of said upper side frame members
and one of said lock strips and being adjustable to move 5 each lock strip and the other support means including
said upper side frame members toward said upper clarip threaded means operatively connected to said lock strip
ing plates. and extending through said other support means and
3. Electrical stationary induction apparatus compris affording relative movement between said lower and upper
ing, in combination, a laminated magnetic core having a support means when said threaded means is actuated.
plurality of vertical legs connected by upper and lower 20 in [Link],
Electrical stationary induction apparatus comprising
lower support means, a laminated mag
yokes, a lower support including a pair of lower frane netic core supported on said lower support means and
members disposed on opposite sides of said lower yoke having a plurality of aligned vertical legs connected by
and having horizontally extending portions, said lower upper and lower yokes, said lower support means includ
frame members being immovable in at least one direction
relative to the member on which said magnetic core is 25 ing a pair of members disposed on opposite sides of said
lower yoke, each of said members having a plurality of
supported, electrical windings surrounding said legs and
resting on said horizontally extending portions, a pair of horizontally
at least one
extending portions and being immovable in
direction relative to said lower Support
lock strips on opposite sides of each of said legs dis
posed between said leg and the winding surrounding it, means, electrical windings surrounding said legs and
resting on said horizontally extending portions, upper
each lock strip being movable longitudinally relative to 30 support means including a plurality of horizontally ex
said leg and engaging said lower support, a plurality of tending members engaging the upper end of said elec
upper claimping plates engaging the upper end of said trical windings and being movable relative to said mag
windings and being movable relative to said inagnetic
core, a pair of upper frame members disposed on opposite netic core, a pair of lock strips on opposite sides of each
of said legs disposed between said leg and the wind
sides of said upper yoke and being positioned above and 35
ing surrounding it, each of said lock strips being movable
movable relative to said upper clamping plates, interen lengthwise relative to said leg and engaging one of said
gaging means between said lock strips and said upper support means, interengaging means between each lock
clamping plates and being adjustable to vary the spac strip and the other support means, said interengaging
ing between said horizontally extending portions and said means being adjustable to vary the spacing between said
upper clamping plates, and interengaging means between 40
lower and upper support means.
said lock strips and said upper frame members and be 7. Electrical stationary induction apparatus compris
ing adjustable to move said upper frame members into ing in combination, lower support means having a plu
engagement with said upper clamping plates. rality of horizontally extending portions, a laminated
4. Electrical stationary induction apparatus compris magnetic core supported on said lower support means and
ing, in combination, lower support means, a laminated
magnetic core supported on said lower support means havingand a plurality of aligned vertical legs connected by
and having a plurality of aligned vertical legs connected upper ing a pair
lower yokes, said lower support means includ
of lower side frame members disposed on
by upper and lower yokes, said lower support means hav
ing a pair of members disposed on opposite sides of said opposite sides of and clamped to said lower yoke, elec
lower yoke, each of said members having a plurality of trical windings surrounding said legs resting on said
horizontally extending portions, upper support means in
horizontally extending portions and being immovable in cluding a plurality of horizontally extending plates en
at least one direction relative to said lower support means,
electrical windings Surrounding said legs and resting on gaging the upper end of said electrical windings and be
said horizontally extending portions, upper support means ing movable relative to said magnetic core and a pair of
including a plurality of horizontally extending members : upper side frame members disposed above and movable
relative to said horizontally extending plates and dis
engaging the upper end of said electrical windings and
being movable relative to said magnetic core and a pair aposed pair
on opposite sides of and bolted to said upper yoke,
of lock strips on opposite sides of each of said
of members disposed on opposite sides of and bolted to legs disposed between said leg and the winding surround
said upper yoke, a pair of lock strips on opposite sides
of each of said legs disposed between said leg and the 60 ing it, each of said lock strips being movable relative to
winding surrounding it, a plurality of interengaging said leg and engaging one of said support means, inter
means, each being between said lower support means and engaging means between each lock strip and the other
one of said lock strips, a plurality of interengaging means, support means adjustable to vary the spacing between
each being between said upper support means and one of said means
lower and upper support means, and interengaging
between said lock strips and said upper side frame
said lock strips, each of one of said plurality of inter 65 members
engaging ineans including threaded means operatively bers in a adjustable to move said upper side frame mem
direction toward said lower support means and
connected to said lock strip and extending through the into engagement with said horizontally extending plates.
corresponding Support means and affording relative move
inent between said upper and lower support means when References Cited in the file of this patent
Said threaded means is actuated. 70
5. Electrical stationary induction apparatus compris UNITED STATES PATENTS
ing, in combination, lower Support means having - a plu 854,311 Skinner ---------------- May 21, 1907
rality of horizontally extending portions, a laminated mag 1,173,004 Kochling -------------- Feb. 22, 1916