1 60 AMPLITU DE MODULATIONS AND DEMODULATIONS
An SSB signal can be coherently (synchronously) demodulated just like DSB-SC signals.
For example, multiplication of a USB signal (Fig. 4. 13c) by cos we t shifts its spectrum to the
left and right by We , yielding the spectrum in Fig. 4. 13e. Low-pass filtering of this signal yields
the desired baseband signal. The case is similar with LSB signals. Since the demodulation of
SSB signals is identical to that of DSB-SC signals, the transmitters can now utilize only half
the DSB-SC signal bandwidth without any additional cost to the receivers. Since no additional
carrier accompanies the modulated SSB signal, the resulting modulator outputs are known as
suppressed carrier signals (SSB-SC).
Hilbert Transform
We now introduce for later use a new tool known as the Hilbert transform. We use xh (t) and
H {x(t)} to denote the Hilbert transform of signal x(t)
1 00
x(a)
Xh (t) = H{x(t)} = - / -- da
:rr _
(4. 15)
00 t-a
Observe that the right-hand side of Eq. (4. 15) has the form of a convolution
1
x(t) * -
:rr t
Now, application of the duality property to pair 12 of Table 3. 1 yields 1 /:rr t {:::=::> -j sgn (f).
Hence, application of the time convolution property to the convolution (of Eq. (4. 15) yields
Xh (.f) = -jX (f) sgn (f) (4. 16)
From Eq. (4. 16), it follows that if m(t) passes through a transfer function H (f)
-j sgn (f), then the output is mh (t) , the Hilbert transform of m(t) . Because
H (f) = -j sgn (f) (4. 17)
-j = 1 · e -jn / Z f >0
= { (4. 18)
j = 1 . ein / 2 f <0
it follows that IH (.f) I = 1 and that 0h (f) = -:rr /2 for f > 0 and rr /2 for f < 0, as shown in
Fig. 4. 14. Thus, if we change the phase of every component of m (t) by Jr /2 (without changing
its amplitude), the resulting signal is mh (t) , the Hilbert transform of m(t) . Therefore, a Hilbert
transformer is an ideal phase shifter that shifts the phase of every spectral component by -rr /2.
Figure 4. 1 4
Tra nsfer function
of a n ideal rr / 2
phase shifter
( H il bert
transformer) .
O 1--
- ;�
(a ) ( b)
