2

Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

© UCLES 2020 9702/42/M/J/20

 3

Formulae

1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

Gm
gravitational potential φ =−
r

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p = 3 〈c 〉
V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω (x 02 - x 2)
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs

Q
electric potential V =
4πε0r

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

1
energy of charged capacitor W = 2 QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt)

0.693
decay constant λ =
t 1
2

© UCLES 2020 9702/42/M/J/20 [Turn over

 4

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use

1 (a) (i) Define the radian.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) A small mass is attached to a string. The mass is rotating about a fixed point P at
constant speed, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

mass rotating
at constant speed

Fig. 1.1

Explain what is meant by the angular speed about point P of the mass.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2008 9702/04/M/J/08

 5

(b) A horizontal flat plate is free to rotate about a vertical axis through its centre, as shown For
in Fig. 1.2. Examiner’s
Use

plate

M
d

Fig. 1.2

A small mass M is placed on the plate, a distance d from the axis of rotation.
The speed of rotation of the plate is gradually increased from zero until the mass is
seen to slide off the plate.

The maximum frictional force F between the plate and the mass is given by the
expression

F = 0.72W,

where W is the weight of the mass M.

The distance d is 35 cm.

Determine the maximum number of revolutions of the plate per minute for the mass M to
remain on the plate. Explain your working.

number = ........................................... [5]

(c) The plate in (b) is covered, when stationary, with mud.

Suggest and explain whether mud near the edge of the plate or near the centre will first
leave the plate as the angular speed of the plate is slowly increased.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2008 9702/04/M/J/08 [Turn over

 4

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use

1 (a) Define the radian.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A stone of weight 3.0 N is fixed, using glue, to one end P of a rigid rod CP, as shown
in Fig. 1.1.

glue

85 cm P

stone, Fult=I -

mg
C weight 3.0 N

wrw2= 18-3

(8) (85x10-)W2 15
=

W2= 57.7
Fig. 1.1 W7.Y
=

The rod is rotated about end C so that the stone moves in a vertical circle of
radius 85 cm.
The angular speed ω of the rod and stone is gradually increased from zero until the glue
snaps. The glue fixing the stone snaps when the tension in it is 18 N.

For the position of the stone at which the glue snaps,

(i) on the dotted circle of Fig. 1.1, mark with the letter S the position of the stone, [1]

(ii) calculate the angular speed ω of the stone.

angular speed = ................................... rad s–1 [4]

© UCLES 2010 9702/41/M/J/10
 4 For
Examiner’s
Use
Section A

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Explain

(i) what is meant by a radian,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) why one complete revolution is equivalent to an angular displacement of 2π rad.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) An elastic cord has an unextended length of 13.0 cm. One end of the cord is attached to
a fixed point C. A small mass of weight 5.0 N is hung from the free end of the cord. The
cord extends to a length of 14.8 cm, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

14.8 cm

small
mass

Fig. 1.1

The cord and mass are now made to rotate at constant angular speed ω in a vertical
plane about point C. When the cord is vertical and above C, its length is the unextended
length of 13.0 cm, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

© UCLES 2007 9702/04/O/N/07

 5 For
Examiner’s
Use

13.0 cm

C C

Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3

(i) Show that the angular speed ω of the cord and mass is 8.7 rad s–1.

[2]

(ii) The cord and mass rotate so that the cord is vertically below C, as shown in
Fig. 1.3.

Calculate the length L of the cord, assuming it obeys Hooke’s law.

2
L = ............................................ cm [4]

© UCLES 2007 9702/04/O/N/07 [Turn over

 4

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) With reference to velocity and acceleration, describe uniform circular motion.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Two cars are moving around a horizontal circular track. One car follows path X and the other
follows path Y, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

start and finish line

track

v VN
=

path X

27 m 318 m

path Y

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The radius of path X is 318 m. Path Y is parallel to, and 27 m outside, path X. Both cars have
mass 790 kg. The maximum lateral (sideways) friction force F that the cars can experience
without sliding is the same for both cars.

(i) The maximum speed at which the car on path X can move around the track without
sliding is 94 m s–1.

Calculate F.

F = ..................................................... N [2]

© UCLES 2021 9702/41/O/N/21

 5 racz
(ii) Both cars move around the track. Each car has the maximum speed at which it can
move without sliding.

Complete Table 1.1, by placing one tick in each row, to indicate how the quantities
indicated for the car on path Y compare with the car on path X.

Table 1.1

Y less than X Y same as X Y greater than X

centripetal
acceleration

maximum speed

time taken for one lap

of the track

[3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2021 9702/41/O/N/21 [Turn over

[Link] M30944

sinc=X

⑪
X

Rx SD
=

vsino=S4, 0IN1-
usinut=sQ

00 rw
W v
=

It
d=
O Nt
=

X usinut
 1 (a) State what is meant by centripetal acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
5 2021 NOV P42 Q01 B
(b) An unpowered toy car moves freely along a smooth track that is initially horizontal. The track
contains a vertical circular loop around which the car travels, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

62 cm

Y Fr=Ntig
gains GPE,

madd loop
LOSeSKE
decrease in velocity
toy car
mass 230 g
↓
a=
E, so adecreases

ONE
track

X
N
e
Fig. 1.1

The mass of the car is 230 g and the diameter of the loop is 62 cm. Assume that the resistive
forces acting on the car are negligible.

(i) State what happens to the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the car as it
-

moves around the loop from X to Y.

Increases pervenses
.....................................................................................................................................
/[1]

(ii) Explain, if the car remains in contact with the track, why the centripetal acceleration of
the car at point Y must be greater than 9.8 m s–2.
The centripetal force of point y is equal to Normal force + mg.
...........................................................................................................................................

Thus for the car to remain in contact with the rack, the Fo
...........................................................................................................................................

must be greater than mg+[Link]= acm, so do must be [2]

.....................................................................................................................................
AtY atleast greater than 8,9.8M52.
W N Fr
=

ciil centripetal force must be greater than weight

* When N 0, the car loses contact
weight, it requires contactforce from
=
For E. >

W FG N Fc W
=

the Nack.
-

Mg me
=

© UCLES 2021
For N to have a the
9702/42/O/N/21

value, Fc>N
G Ac
=

* Lose contact WSF · To be incontact

9.83 ac WCE
my<MV2
F
9.82AL
 5
6 2021 NOV P42 Q01 C 5
(c) The initial speed at which the car in (b) moves along the track is 3.8 m s–1.
(c) The initial speed at which the car in (b) moves along the track is 3.8 m s–1.
Determine whether the car is in contact with the track at point Y. Show your working.
Determine whether the car is in contact minimum
with the track at point
speed Y. Show your working.

da=
attop.
initial final EK+ final p
ac=
v
2.28
12M Y2MVY +mgh
=Be
= --

0.31
1M (3.8 YM V4+ 9.81y (0.42)
=

7.34m5-2
=
40.4M52 7.22 4Vy
= +
4.0822
2 ac<4.8 so it
Vy 2.38
=

* The car is contact with the rack atpointy as

will notbe contact
I with
-
the
an is greater than 1.8ms?
[3]
[3] NACK.
7 2021 NOV P42
(d) Suggest, withQ01 D
a reason but without calculation, whether your conclusion in (c) would be
different for
(d) Suggest, a car
with of massbut
a reason 460without
g moving with the same
calculation, whetherinitialyour
speed. conclusion in (c) would be
different for a car of mass 460 g moving with the same initial speed.
...................................................................................................................................................
conclusion would be the same as untripetal accenvation
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
does not depend on the mass of the car-
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
O
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 9702/42/O/N/21 [Turn over

© UCLES 2021 9702/42/O/N/21 [Turn over