1.

Name two indoor plants

[Link] tree
[Link] plant

[Link] two deciduous plants

[Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] the sun exposer create microclimate
The exposure to the sun plays a significant role in creating
microclimates within a larger climate zone.
Microclimates are small-scale variations in temperature,
humidity, wind patterns, and other climatic factors that occur
within a specific area.
Here's how sun exposure contributes to the creation of
microclimates:

1. Solar Radiation and Temperature:

• Sun exposure directly affects the temperature of an area.
• The amount and duration of sun exposure can vary
throughout the day, leading to temperature variations
within a localized area.
• Sunlit areas tend to be warmer, while shaded areas
experience lower temperatures due to reduced solar
radiation.

2. Sun Angle and Solar Intensity:

• The angle at which the sun's rays strike the Earth's surface
changes throughout the year due to the tilt of the Earth's
axis.
• Areas with a higher sun angle receive more direct sunlight,
resulting in higher temperatures. In contrast, areas with a
lower sun angle receive oblique sunlight, leading to cooler
temperatures.
 3. Sunlight and Evaporation:
Sun exposure affects the rate of evaporation, which
contributes to differences in humidity levels within a
microclimate.
Areas with more sun exposure experience higher rates of
evaporation, leading to drier conditions. Shaded areas, on
the other hand, retain more moisture and can be relatively
more humid.

4. Solar Radiation and Wind Patterns:

• Sun exposure influences wind patterns within a
microclimate.
• Differential heating caused by variations in sun exposure
creates temperature gradients.
• These temperature differences generate air movement as
warm air rises and cooler air sinks, resulting in local wind
patterns.
• For example, areas with greater sun exposure may
experience ascending warm air, leading to the development
of localized convection currents and breezes.

5. Vegetation and Sunlight Interactions:

• Sun exposure also interacts with vegetation, impacting the
microclimate.
• Trees and other vegetation provide shade, reducing direct
sun exposure and creating cooler microclimates
underneath their canopy.
• Additionally, vegetation absorbs and releases moisture,
which affects humidity levels and air quality within a
specific area.
[Link] between micro and macro climate

Aspect Microclimate Macroclimate

Small-scale, localized Large-scale, regional
Size
areas or global
Spatial Variation Significant variation Relatively consistent
Can vary within a
Temperature Generally consistent
small area
Can vary within a
Humidity Generally consistent
small area
Can vary within a
Wind Patterns Generally consistent
small area
Can vary within a
Sun Exposure Generally consistent
small area
Influences Less influential at
Topography
microclimate large scale
Can be influenced by
buildings, Less influenced by
Urban Influence
vegetation, and local factors
pavement
Short-term, Long-term, gradual
Duration of Effects
immediate impact impact
A shaded park, a Tropical rainforests,
Examples sunny courtyard, a desert climates,
coastal breeze oceanic climates
 [Link] short note on different type of trees which can
be grown in neighbouring gardens

1. Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica):

❑ It has strong medicinal properties .
❑ known for its ability to purify the air.
❑ It provides shade .
❑ Attracts a variety of birds with its flowers and fruits.

2. Gulmohar (Delonix regia):

❑ Also known as the Flame Tree.
❑ The Gulmohar is admired for its stunning red and orange
flowers.
❑ It is a deciduous tree that offers excellent shade during hot
summers .
❑ Adds a vibrant touch to any garden.
3. Ashoka Tree (Saraca indica):
❑ The Ashoka tree holds cultural and religious significance in
India.
❑ It has beautiful orange-red flowers and glossy leaves.
❑ It is a medium-sized tree that adds a touch of serenity to
any garden.

4. Mango Tree (Mangifera indica):

❑ The Mango tree is iconic in India and is known as the
"king of fruits.“
❑ It offers delicious fruit and provides ample shade.
❑ However, it requires a large space to grow due to its size.
5. Peepal Tree (Ficus religiosa):
❑The Peepal tree, also known as the Sacred Fig, is
considered holy in many cultures.
❑It has heart-shaped leaves and provides shade.
❑It is a large tree and requires ample space to grow.

6. Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis):

❑The Banyan tree is known for its aerial roots that
grow downwards from the branches and take root
in the ground.
❑ It has a majestic appearance and provides
excellent shade.
[Link] are the Factors affecting landscape deign

1. Climate: The weather conditions of a place, like how hot or

cold it is, how much it rains, and how windy it gets, impact how
the landscape is designed. It determines what kinds of plants can
grow there and whether irrigation systems are needed to water
them.

2. Topography: The natural shape of the land, such as hills,

slopes, and bodies of water, affects how the landscape is laid out.
It determines things like where buildings go, how water flows,
and where paths and outdoor spaces are located.

3. Soil Conditions: The type and quality of the soil impact which
plants can be planted and how well they grow. Factors like the
soil's nutrients, water retention, and drainage affect plant health.
Testing the soil helps figure out how to plant and take care of
plants.

4. Vegetation and Ecology: The plants and wildlife already in the

area are important to consider. Using native plants and
supporting local ecosystems help maintain a healthy
environment for animals and plants to thrive.

5. Human Factors: The needs, preferences, and activities of the

people who will use the landscape are considered. This includes
things like what people want to do in the space, their ages,
privacy needs, and what looks good to them. Making sure the
landscape is accessible for everyone is also important.
[Link] are the conventional symbols used in landscape
designing.
[Link] four plants and shrubs suitable for landscape
designing
Four plants:-
• Marigold
• Rose
• Hibiscus

Four shrubs:-
• Tulsi
• Rose
• Jasmine
• Pomegranate

[Link] we achieve wind control?

[Link]:
❑ Windbreaks are physical barriers that can be created using
different materials such as walls, fences, or vegetation.
❑ They are strategically placed to intercept and redirect wind flow.
2. Planting Trees and Shrubs:
❑ Evergreen trees with dense foliage, such as conifers,
provide year-round wind protection.
❑ Deciduous trees can be used to create wind control during
certain seasons. Shrubs and bushes can also serve as
effective windbreaks.

3. Terracing and Grading:

❑ By creating slopes or raised areas, wind currents can be
redirected or slowed down, minimizing its impact on
specific areas.
❑ Terraces can also provide sheltered spaces for outdoor
activities.
4. Structural Design:
❑ Structures such as pergolas, screens, or walls can act as
windbreaks, shielding specific areas from strong winds.
❑ They can be strategically positioned to create sheltered
pockets or redirect wind flow.

5. Openings and Vents:

❑ Introducing intentional openings or vents in structures can
help manage wind flow.
❑ These openings can be positioned to allow wind to pass
through or to create targeted airflow.
❑ By controlling the direction and intensity of airflow, the
negative effects of wind can be minimized.
[Link] four shady trees.
[Link] tree
[Link] tree
[Link] tree
[Link] redwood

[Link] and draw lightning features in garden

Landscape lighting – also known as outdoor lighting.

Following are the common types of outdoor lighting fixtures
•Bollard Lights
•Floodlights
•Garden Lights
•Spotlights
•Path Lights
•String Lights
•Ground Lights

❑ BOLLARD LIGHTS
• used to accent the
pathway .
• set an ambient tone
• It lights on bollard.

❑ FLOODLIGHTS
• it is a broad-beamed, high-
intensity artificial light.
• used to illuminate
outdoor playing field .
 ❑ GARDEN LIGHTS

• They come in many shapes

and varieties. The most
popular ones, however, are
mushroom-shaped lights.

❑ PATH LIGHTS

• Path lights comprise a

series of lights that
create markers and help a
person find their way out
or in your backyard.

❑ SPOTLIGHTS

• They aren’t any different

from floodlights except for
the beam spread.
• Spotlights project a narrower
beam of around 45 degrees.
• Just like floodlights, they are
used to aim at special areas
in your backyard.
 ❑ STRING LIGHTS

• String lights are a simple and effective way to add

contemporary lighting to your outdoor space.

❑ GROUND LIGHTS

• ground lights are typically installed directly onto the

ground.
• They are mostly used in walkways or near the boundary
wall of your garden.
• They help in giving your ordinary backyard a dramatic
look with an upright effect.
12. Name the following

[Link] 2 climbers
• Money plant
• Beans
• Cucumber

[Link] 2 shrubs
• Rose
• Tulsi
• Jasmine
• Lemon

[Link] 2 coniferous tree

• Pine tree
• Fir
• Deodar

[Link] 2 flowering tree

• Gulmohar
• Neem
• Chameli
• Silk cotton

[Link] 2 shaddy plants

• Peeple
• Ashoka
• neem
• mango
[Link] street furniture .sketches of various type of street
furniture.
Street furniture refers to the various objects and structures
that are installed along streets and in public spaces to
provide amenities and services for pedestrians, cyclists, and
other users of the urban environment.
Street furniture serves functional, aesthetic, and practical
purposes, enhancing the overall quality and usability of
public spaces.

Common examples of street furniture include:

1. Benches: Seating facilities placed along sidewalks or in parks to

provide rest areas for pedestrians.

2. Waste and recycling bins: Containers for the proper disposal of

litter and recyclable materials.

3. Bollards: Short, sturdy posts used to separate pedestrian areas

from vehicular traffic or to restrict access to certain areas.
4. Bike racks: Structures designed to secure bicycles and
encourage cycling as a mode of transportation.

5. Bus stops and shelters: Structures providing protection and

seating for waiting passengers at bus stops.

6. Public art installations: Sculptures, murals, and other

artistic elements that enhance the visual appeal of public
spaces.
• 7. Signage and wayfinding: Informational signs, maps, and
directional indicators to help pedestrians navigate and find
their way.

• 8. Lighting fixtures: Street lamps and other lighting

elements that improve visibility and safety during
nighttime.

• 9. Planters and tree guards: Structures for planting and

maintaining greenery in urban areas, including flower beds,
trees, and protective barriers.
[Link] short note on human comfort

Human comfort is a crucial consideration in landscape

design as it dirietly impacts people's experience and
enjoyment of outdoor spaces.

# Designing landscapes that promote comfort involves

creating environments.

# Landscape design should address factors such as Conturol.

temperature, shading and wind

# Providing shaded areas such as tree, canopies or pergolas,

help protect against excessive heat and sun exposure.

# In corporating elements like seating areas, benches, or

comfortable outdoor furniture encourages relaxation and
enchances the overall comfort of the space.

#Windbreaks such as hedges, fences. strategically positioned

trees can help shield areas from strong winds, creating more
Comfortable microclimates.

# Water features, gardens or natural elements Like rock and

wood, can contribute to a Peaceful and calming atmosphere.

# Thoughful pathway design, incorporating ramps, handrails

and smooth surfaces can mavigate the space comfortably.
[Link] a short note on sun control by plants

• Plants can play a significant role in sun control, providing

shade and reducing heat gain in outdoor spaces. Here are
some ways in which plants contribute to sun control:

• 1. Canopy coverage: Trees and large shrubs with dense

foliage create a natural canopy that offers shade and blocks
direct sunlight..
• 2. Groundcover plants: Low-growing plants or
groundcovers, such as creeping vines or spreading shrubs,
can cover the soil and provide shade at ground level. They
help to cool the surrounding area by reducing the amount
of direct sunlight hitting the ground, preventing heat
reflection, and minimizing heat buildup.

Natural canopy layer

Ground covers
3. Climbing plants and trellises: Climbing plants such as vines
can be trained to grow on trellises, pergolas, or other
structures to create shaded areas. These vertical green
screens can help filter sunlight, reducing its intensity and
creating cool, shaded spots.

4. Deciduous trees: Deciduous trees shed their leaves during

the winter, allowing sunlight to penetrate through and
provide warmth. During the summer, when the sun is higher
in the sky, the leaves provide ample shade, reducing the
impact of direct sunlight and helping to cool the
surroundings.
• 5. Windbreaks: Trees and shrubs planted in rows or groups
can act as windbreaks, which indirectly contribute to sun
control. By reducing wind speed, they help to create more
comfortable microclimates and prevent excessive heat loss
or gain.

• 6. Green roofs and living walls: Installing green roofs or

vertical gardens on buildings can offer sun control benefits.
The vegetation on these surfaces helps to absorb and
deflect sunlight, reducing the amount of heat transmitted
to the building's interior. This can contribute to energy
efficiency and thermal comfort.
[Link] outdoor functional spacing with respect to
school building
[Link] is the importance of orientation in landscape
designing?
Orientation is crucial factor in landscape design as it influence
various aspects of design, including the aesthetics
functionality & sustainability of the outdoor space.

Here are some key reasons why orientation is important in

landscape designing

❑ Sunlight & shade. The orientation of landscape determines

the amount of sunlight and shade that different area will
recieve throughout the day
→ By understanding the path of the sun at different times of
the year, designers can strategically place trees, structures, &
outdoor living areas to optimize natural light & create
comfortable shaded spaces
❑ views and vistas - Orientation plays. a vital role in framing &
capturing desirable views from different parts of the
landscape. By considering the surrounding environment
such as distant to landmarks, mountains on water bodies,
designers can strategically position outdoor features,
seating areas, or pathways to enhance visual experience.

• A well designed orientation can create focal points,

highlight natural features, & provide a sense of connection
with surrounding environment

❑ Privacy & Noise Reduction - Strategic position of privacy

screens, fences, and plantings based on sightlines from
neighbouring properties or roads insures privacy & reduce
noise pollution.
❑ Sustainable Design - By maximizing natural light &
shading, designers can reduce the reliance on artificial
lighting and cooling systems, leading to energy savings

❑ Microclimate & Plant selection- The orientation of a

landscape affects the microclimate within it, including
factors. like temperature, wind patterns moisture levels.
By considering the prevailing wind direction, designers on
create windbreaks using vegetation or structures to
protect sensitive plants and outdoor living areas..
[Link] a landscape sheme for children s park with
sketches

1. Play Structures:
❑ - Include a variety of play structures suitable for
different age groups, such as swings, slides, climbing
frames, and jungle gyms.
❑ - Incorporate imaginative play elements like
playhouses, pirate ships, or castle structures.

2. Safety Surfaces:
❑ - Install safety surfacing materials like rubber mulch,
artificial turf, or safety tiles beneath play structures to
cushion falls and reduce injuries.
❑ - Use bright and vibrant colors to create an inviting
and playful atmosphere.

3. Open Green Spaces:

❑ - Designate open grassy areas for running, playing ball
games, picnics, and other outdoor activities.
❑ - Add trees for shade, creating a comfortable
environment for children and their families.

4. Sensory Gardens:
❑ - Include sensory elements like scented plants, colorful
flowers, and textured surfaces to engage children's
senses.
❑ - Incorporate interactive elements like water features,
wind chimes, or musical instruments to stimulate
auditory senses.
6. Water Play:
❑ - Install a water play area with shallow pools, splash pads,
or fountains for children to cool off and have fun during
warm weather.
❑ - Ensure proper safety measures and supervision for
water play activities.

7. Pathways and Cycling Tracks:

❑ - Design paved pathways and cycling tracks throughout
the park for children to ride bicycles, scooters, or
rollerblades safely.
❑ - Include signage and markings to indicate directions and
safety rules.

8. Picnic and Seating Areas:

❑ - Provide ample seating areas, benches, and picnic tables
for families to relax, eat, and socialize.
❑ - Consider shaded seating options and picnic shelters.

9. Restrooms and Drinking Fountains:

❑ - Install clean and accessible restrooms and drinking
fountains within the park for the convenience of visitors.