COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE
[Link]. II Year I Sem. L T P C
3 0 0 3
Co-requisite: A Course on “Digital Electronics”.
Course Objectives
● The purpose of the course is to introduce principles of computer organization and the basic
architectural concepts.
● It begins with basic organization, design, and programming of a simple digital computer and
introduces simple register transfer language to specify various computer operations.
● Topics include computer arithmetic, instruction set design, micro programmed control unit,
pipelining and vector processing, memory organization and I/O systems, and multiprocessors
Course Outcomes
● Understand the basics of instruction sets and their impact on processor design.
● Demonstrate an understanding of the design of the functional units of a digital computer
system.
● Evaluate cost performance and design trade-offs in designing and constructing a computer
processor including memory.
● Design a pipeline for consistent execution of instructions with minimum hazards.
● Recognize and manipulate representations of numbers stored in digital computers
Module - I
Digital Computers: Introduction, Block diagram of Digital Computer, Definition of Computer
Organization, Computer Design and Computer Architecture. Register Transfer Language and
Micro operations: Register Transfer language, Register Transfer, Bus and memory transfers,
Arithmetic Micro operations, logic micro operations, shift micro operations, Arithmetic logic
shift unit. Basic Computer Organization and Design: Instruction codes, Computer Registers
Computer instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction cycle, Memory Reference Instructions,
Input – Output and Interrupt.
Module – II
Micro programmed Control: Control memory, Address sequencing, micro program example,
design of control unit. Central Processing Unit: General Register Organization, Instruction
Formats, Addressing modes, Data Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control.
Module - III
Data Representation: Data types, Complements, Fixed Point Representation, Floating Point
Representation. Computer Arithmetic: Addition and subtraction, multiplication Algorithms,
Division Algorithms, Floating – point Arithmetic operations. Decimal Arithmetic unit, Decimal
Arithmetic operations.
Module - IV
Input-Output Organization: Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous data transfer, Modes of
Transfer, Priority Interrupt Direct memory Access. Memory Organization: Memory Hierarchy,
Main Memory, Auxiliary memory, Associate Memory, Cache Memory.
Module - V
Reduced Instruction Set Computer: CISC Characteristics, RISC Characteristics. Pipeline and
Vector Processing: Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline,
RISC Pipeline, Vector Processing, Array Processor. Multi Processors: Characteristics of
Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor arbitration, Interprocessor
communication and synchronization, Cache Coherence.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Computer System Architecture – M. Morris Mano, Third Edition, Pearson/PHI.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer Organization – Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, V th Edition,
McGraw Hill.
2. Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings Sixth Edition, Pearson/PHI.
3. Structured Computer Organization – Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4 th Edition, PHI/Pearson.
