SC9a-c JAN24EXAMS
Study online at [Link]
What is relative formula mass ? the sum of the relative masses of all the in a formula
When calculating the Relative formula mass , what do you use ? The relative atomic mass - the top number/the bigger one
How would you calculate the Mr or CO^2
C+2O
12 +2(16)
C =12
= 44
O = 16
the formula showing the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of
What is the definition of empirical formula ?
each element in a compound
1 - Make a table putting the two elements as a header
2 - Write down the mass in grams underneath
- Write the Relative atomic mass underneath
3 Divide the mass by the relative atomic mass
What are the steps for empirical formula ?
4 - Divide the answers by the smallest number to find the simplest
ration
5 - If the numbers aren't whole - make them whole
6 - Write the empirical formula
What is the molecular formula ? It is the actual number of atoms in each element in one molecule
1 - Find the empirical formula mass ( by timing the relative atomic
masses by the subscript )
How do you calculate the molecular formula , from the empirical
2 - Divide the Mr by the empirical formula mass
formula and its relative molecular mass (Mr ) ?
3 Then with this number times the subscript of the empirical
formula to get the molecular formula
1 - First weigh an empty crucible and then add a piece of magne-
sium ribbon and weigh it again.
2 - After this setup the equipment like in the diagram
3 - After this heat the crucible with a strong flame and lift the lid of
the crucible occasionally
4 - Once all the magnesium has reacted, let the crucible cool and
Describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of a reweigh it
simple compound such as magnesium oxide 5 - Once you have done this find the mass of the magnesium used
and the magnesium obtained by it
6 - Divide the masses of magnesium and oxygen by their relative
atomic masses
7 - Then divide these results by the smaller of the numbers to
find the simplest [Link] the simplest ratio is 1:1 then the empirical
formula is MgO
A closed system is a situation in which no substances can enter
Explain the law of conservation : or leave the reaction.
In a closed system Closed systems include, reactions in a sealed container, or pre-
cipitation reactions in a beaker.
A non-enclosed system is a situation in which substances can
Explain the law of conservation : enter or leave during a reaction.
In a non enclosed system Non-enclosed/open systems include, reactions in an open flask,
where a substance in a gas state may enter or leave.
1 - Write the balanced equation
2 - Calculate relative formula masses of substances needed
3 - Calculate ratio of masses - Multiplying Mr values by the bal-
What are the steps to calculate masses of reactants and products
ancing numbers shown in the equation
from balanced equations, given the mass of one substance
4 - Work out 1g of reactant or product - Always the one that we are
given the mass for ion the equation
5 Scale up or down (From 1g to the mass you are given )
Concentration( dm^-3) = Mass of solutle ( g ) / Volume of solution
Calculate concentration of a solution in G dm^-3 ?
(dm^3)
- The Avogadro constant number of particles of a substance ( 6.02
What are moles defined as ? x 10^23 Atoms, Molecules , Formula or Ions )
- A mass of "relative particle mass" in (g)
1/2
SC9a-c JAN24EXAMS
Study online at [Link]
Moles = mass (g) / Ar or Mr
Calculate the number of moles in a substance
Calculate the number of:
- Get the relative atomic mass or Mr
particles of a substance in a given number of moles of
- Then that is the mass of 1 mole of that element or compound
that substance and vice versa
- Then in that 1 mole there is 6.02 x 10^23
- For example number of 1 mole of magnesium
- In chemical reactions one of the reactants is often added in
excess and is not completely used up in the reaction
Explain why, in a reaction, the mass of product formed is
- The amount of product formed is determined by the amount of
controlled by the mass of the reactant which is not in
reactant that is not used in excess and so is used up completely
excess
in the reaction
- This is called the limiting reaction
1 - Calculate the number of moles = Mass / Ar
How do you Deduce the stoichiometry of a reaction from the
2 - Divide by the smaller number
masses of the reactants and products?
3 - Then deduce the smallest number
2/2
