JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research

Vol. 43 · January 2021 Print ISSN 2012-3981

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v43i1.736 Online ISSN 2244-0445

iReserve: An Online Event

Reservation for Lipa City Cultural
with SMS Notification
MAYLING I. CAPUNO
[email protected]
University of Batangas
Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

JEROME F. BENIGNO
[email protected]
University of Batangas
Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

RUSSEL G. REYES
[email protected]
University of Batangas
Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

KIELLY CHRIZZA MAE W. TOJINO

[email protected]
University of Batangas
Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

Originality: 100% • Grammar Check: 98% • Plagiarism: 0%

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

ABSTRACT

The study proposed a web-based research iReserve: An Online Event

Reservation for Lipa City Cultural, to integrate SMS Notification. In the existing
manual system of reservation, the major challenge on the administration was

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conflicts of schedule with the event reservation. Thus, iReserve: An Online Event
Reservation for Lipa City Cultural was proposed to serve as a useful tool for
booking events and send updated notifications about the status of the request
event details by integrating SMS technology. iReserve is designed to process
the booking request and search for clients’ available target event schedules from
the system database. The study used the software development life cycle in
developing the proposed application. The web application structure was designed
using workflow, entity-relationship, context, and use case diagrams. The web
application was developed using different open sources such as HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. iReserve was evaluated using ISO 9126 software
evaluation tool assessing the web applications’ functionality, reliability, usability,
efficiency, portability, and maintainability. The study concluded that using several
diagrams and a combination of open source technologies, the web application
designed and developed would meet the specified functionalities.

Keywords — online event, online reservation, Lipa City Cultural, SMS

Notification, Software Development Life Cycle

INTRODUCTION

Technology can be seen in different business areas, providing better solutions

to clientele’ demands as innovation arises. Technology nowadays is proliferating,
converting manual systems to digitized ones leading to web-based systems
combined with embedded systems to create a change known as the Internet of
Things (IoT).
Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to spread rapidly over the coming years,
and this convergence will unleash a new dimension of services that improve
the quality of life of consumers and productivity of enterprises, unlocking an
opportunity referred to as the Connected Life (Understanding the Internet of
Things, 2014). Internet of Things and mobile communication devices have
gradually become an indispensable necessity in our daily lives. With newer and
more powerful models rolling out each year, modern technology has provided us
with communication and information access tools. This digitalization enables the
next wave of life-enhancing services across several major sectors of the economy,
allowing new commercial models, building new capabilities and new services
running on different platforms: web, tablets, and mobile.
According to Oliveira and Fraga (2011), information technology was
considered an essential tool in improving competition and the economic
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conditions of a country. Additionally, information technology was commonly

agreed to impact the productivity of a company that applied it significantly.
With the vast presence of the Internet, the reservation process becomes easy and
convenient. These days, as it becomes increasingly technology-based, businesses
everywhere are contemplating new and effective systems for the event schedule.
For all the optimism surrounding online reservations, some stressed that
technology advances could only go so far in smoothing the reservation process.
Chang, Belanger, and Uysal (2006) stated that the internet and technology
had changed how information is distributed how people do business in the
industry. Its impact has been well studied, but sometimes the time element
seems to be ignored to investigate risks taken and trustworthiness held by the
online audience. In most cases, the time element should be included, especially
for e-commerce sites, because pre-travel plans are usually made, and a time-
lapse does exist between “the time a reservation is made” and “the time the
reservation is confirmed.” Refanidis and Yorke-Smith (2009) mentioned that in
the last decade, various research efforts and commercial offerings have sought to
provide levels of automated assistance with time management. Basic calendaring,
collaboration, and communication concern event negotiation or scheduling,
while others concern task management and monitoring. When automated
scheduling is employed, events and tasks are often treated separately, with the
latter being kept out of the user’s calendar.
As the internet of things was developed, online reservations and shopping
or hotel booking became part of customers’ daily lives. Service organizations,
such as retailing companies or hotel companies, event venues are providing
services to their customers not only in person but also in cyberspace. Online
shopping enables anyone to access a virtual marketplace, where the content of a
transaction is information about services or goods, and to interact with different
systems and other people in a fast and convenient way (Novak, Hoffman, &
Yung, 1996). IoT is not just limited to the transfer of information through the
web; mobile networks could also be a suitable medium of deployment for its
services and other applications. It offers a more diversified set of capabilities.
The mobile phone had become increasingly popular ever since the rise of Short
Message Service (SMS) in the early 2000s in Europe and some parts of Asia
when businesses started to collect mobile phone numbers and send off wanted
(or unwanted) content. The past decade has witnessed a revolution in using ICT
in Developing countries (Jaiswal, 2011). Short Messaging Service (SMS) is a
protocol used in communications that gives way to exchange short text messages

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from one mobile telephone device to another. SMS or text messaging dominates
today’s communication since seventy-four percent of all cell phone users send
and receive text messages nowadays. The technology behind SMS has paved the
way for the rapid growth of text messaging improvement that has allowed users
to broadcast SMS text messages from mobile phones and computers with SMS
software and through public SMS gateways. The link between text messaging to
SMS technology now connotes the terminology of “SMS” as the act of texting or
sending text messages even with a different communications protocol (Olaleye,
Olaniyan, Eboda, & Awolere, 2013). Many applications needed to do real-time
notification, especially when an event occurs, thus web and mobile with SMS
as the gateway to communicate with costumers’ shows excellent potential in
transforming data into useful information.
There are lots of researches and innovation that uses web and mobile
technology. In the study of Maulana, Nugroho, and Santoso (2017), a
queuing reservation system was developed for medical centers built using PHP,
CodeIgniter Framework with MySQL Database, MQTT, responsive design,
and cloud-based storage. The IoT-based system is provided in medical centers
and synchronized with the web-based app, making a queuing system with two
methods for reservation; it’s an online and offline method. The system makes
the queue time more effective and efficient as applied to the public service
system. Yugopuspito, Herwansyah, Krisnadi, Cahya, & Panduwinata (2016)
also designed and developed a hotel-like booking system for a parking slot, a
reservation-based parking system. In the study, the system allows the user to
book a parking slot in advance. The system also provides a module that would
notify the user based on several events such as users entering their grace period of
cancellation; users entering the parking lot; a reminder for the user who will end
the parking, they may extend the period of parking, or the must leave at the end
of the parking period; and thanks notification and wrap-up bill. The system was
developed and tested successfully using different constraints.
.Another study conducted by Sakthi, Leo, Monisha, and Ramesh (2014) was
an advanced train reservation and passenger intimation with a safety system that
focuses on an interactive and user-friendly system that modernize the railway
system of India through the application of modern technologies such as GPS,
touch screens, GSM and other advanced communications system. The study helps
railway management to track lapses and dilemmas encountered using the manual
mode. Another study conducted by Mushtaq (2019) deals with enhancing the
usability of an Online Airline Reservation System by making it more flexible,

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considering the travelers’ compliant behavior. Other factors that affect customers’
behavior, such as service quality attributes and external variables, were computed
to determine their association with travelers’ flexible behavior and ascertain their
range and strength of association using Pearson Correlation Coefficients and
Multiple Regression Analysis. Shibata, Ueda, Sun, and Ito (2016) proposed an
online scheduling system for tours by one-way electric vehicle (EV) sharing. The
system focuses on taking reservations of tours with their multiple destinations,
and time windows stay time for visiting each destination. After reservation, the
system then tells the user the sequence and scheduling of visits to each destination
and which specific EVs to take. The EV’s battery status enables users to move long
distances without concerns about the remaining battery. The study showed that
the proposed system improved the acceptance rate of reservations while reducing
the relocation count (the number of EVs moved to rebalance the distribution) by
up to 15%. Relevant to the study mentioned above, Atchariyachanvanich (2019)
proposed research focusing on assessing customer’s attitudes towards using online
hotel reservations in Thailand. It was designed to investigate whether or not
the perceived trust and perceived risk would affect the customer’s attitude. The
model was developed, and its hypotheses were tested by using structural equation
modeling. The results of the questionnaire filled out by 446 Thai university
students pointed out that the customer’s perceived trust is significantly associated
with the customer’s attitude towards using online hotel reservations. Still, the
customer’s perceived risk does not affect the attitude towards using it.
Lipa is one of the three cities in Batangas, Philippines (the others being
Batangas City and the City of Tanauan). It is situated 80 kilometers south
of Manila. According to the latest census, it has a population of 283,468
inhabitants in 59,063 households. The city is considered a religious center due to
the numerous magnificent churches, convents, retreat facilities, and seminaries.
Dubbed as the “Little Rome of the Philippines,” tourists usually flock to the city,
especially during Lenten Season. It is also the Archdiocese of Lipa and the home
of two popular apparitions, the Shower of Petals in 1948 and the “Lady” atop
a coconut tree in 1993. It is also the host to the annual Marian Pilgrimage: The
National Day of Prayer for Peace and the Sanctification of the Clergy.
Being at the forefront of economic activities in the province and the region,
Lipa City is ideal for investments due to its business-friendly environment. It
provides great opportunities for light industries such as the LIMA Industrial
Estate, Nestle Philippines, and other multi-national companies. Having been
identified as one of the ten cyber growth corridors in the country, Lipa City has

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great potential in business process outsourcing. It has been chosen as one of the
Top 10 Next Wave Cities for a couple of years.
With this, the Lipa City government needs more automated systems that
would cater to its investors’ and residents’ needs for more opportunities and
success in the future. The above-mentioned literature and researches have a
significant impact on developing an online reservation system for the Lipa City
Cultural Center (iReserve), considering the implication of internet and mobile
technology. iReserve aims to provide a solution for the problems encountered
by the Lipa City Cultural Center management in using their current manual
event reservation system, such as conflicts on event reservation resulting from
double-booking; blocking of dates for priority reservations like events imposed
by government officials, and management of schedule for events happening on
same dates. The developed web-based system with SMS notification simplifies
the reservation process faster, easier, reliable, and more efficiently through the
different software tools and techniques.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objective of the study is to develop an online reservation system

for Lipa City Cultural Center. Specifically, the study aimed to: (1) design a web
application with the following features: reservation of events based on client’s
target date, posting of public news and events announcement, management of
reservation database, searching of available dates for client’s preference; report
generation; (2) construct the web application using HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
PHP, and MySQL; and (3) test and improve the web application using ISO/IEC
9126 testing standard for software in terms of functionality, usability, reliability,
efficiency, portability, and maintainability.

METHODOLOGY

The researchers used the software development life cycle (SDLC) waterfall
model to develop the web application and ISO/IEC 9126 testing standard as an
assessment tool to evaluate iReserve. Aside from the assessment tool, iReserve was
also evaluated based on the demographics of the 30 respondents.
Initially, data and information were gathered by studying existing online
reservation systems of the same concept and the current operation of the Lipa City
Cultural Admin Office. After identification of user requirements/specifications

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and analysis of the manual reservation systems, including its processes, the
design of the iReserve system was illustrated using various system design tools
like a flowchart, data flow diagram, and use case analysis for a straightforward
interpretation of the flow of the system of data including its relationships to
different entities. The detailed logic diagrams, process diagrams, and description
of all functional and non-functional requirements were used for more specific
system design. Next to design was the implementation of all the user and system
requirements gathered used in coding through different programming languages
such as HTML and PHP as the primary language for the system’s functionality
and features, MySQL for its database and SMS API module that served as a link
for notification between the website and mobile phones of the end-users.
iReserve prototype was then tested based on form validation, file handling,
and error handling by its end-users. By structured verification approach, detected
defects by the proponents were solved immediately. A useful system review was
necessary for good software design, accuracy, and quality. The validation process
was also used to examine whether the software satisfies the user requirements
and matches conditions for which it was made through ISO/IEC 9126 software
evaluation standard.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the results of the study are presented and discussed following
the main objective of the study; to develop an online reservation system for Lipa
City Youth and Cultural Center. Figures 1 to 3 several present diagrams which
are results of the first specific objective – to design a web application considering
the user requirements. Figures 4 to 6 show screenshots of the results of the second
specific objective – to develop the web application using several open source
technologies. And Tables 1 to 7 present the results of the third objective of the
system – to test and improve the web application, the researchers used the ISO/
IEC 9126 software standard.
A flowchart illustrates the sequence of processes in a system using several
symbols. The step-by-step procedures of iReserve are shown in Figure 1. The
user needs to log in to the system before sending a reservation. The admin also
requires to log in to the system before approving reservations. The illustration
presents that the requirement to log in is the user must have a valid username
and password; if it is validated, they can access the system and manage the events.
Only the administrator can approve the event reservation request and confirm

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through electronic mail, and if the reserved event is approved, they will fill out
the forms.

Figure 1. Flowchart of iReserve

..A context diagram shows a broad overview of the user requirements of

a system under consideration as a single high-level process and then shows
the relationship of the system. There are two types of end-user for iReserve, as
shown in Figure 2. The admin refers to the Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center
personnel who has high-level access to the system, and the user relates to the
persons who apply for reservations.

Figure 2. Context Diagram of iReserve

A use case diagram is a simple illustration that summarizes the interaction of

the user to the system. It shows the functionalities of a system from the end user’s

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perspective. The use case diagram of an admin account is shown in Figure 3. The
admin account has full access to the system. An admin can approve or decline
user requests and post announcements to the website.

Figure 3. Use Case Diagram of Admin

A website visitor needs to create a user account to access a system. A user

account can only send reservations aside from viewing the content of the website,
as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Use Case Diagram of User

Figure 4 shows the data that is stored in the database of the system. A user
needs to register first before accessing the system, and the data provided by the
user are stored in tbl_user. After registration, a user can apply for a reservation,

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and the details are stored in tbl_reservation and tbl_status. The admin confirms
the application, and the status of the application is stored in tbl_confim. The
admin also posts announcements, which are stored in tbl_post.

Figure 5. Entity Relationship Diagram of iReserve

Figure 5 shows the login module of iReserve. A signup button is provided for
users who do not have an account. They will be required to fill in all the necessary
information needed for the registration, like the user needs to provide an email
address to register. An account is required to access the system, which will be
validated for access control. The login module also allows the user to recover their
registered account if they forgot the username and password through forgetting
the password.

Figure 6. Login Module of iReserve

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Figure 6 shows the news and events page of the system. It is accessible by both
admin and user accounts to see information and update. This feature helps the
user view Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center’s schedule the upcoming events
and programs and immediately check its availability of dates before submitting
a reservation request in the system to avoid conflicts. The administrator can find
all the requested activity and use the search function through filtering by date
request.

Figure 7. Event Page of iReserve

Figure 7 shows the requests list sent by the users to the administrator site.
Only an administrator account can confirm and approve the reservation request
of the users. An application can be approved or rejected depending on the
availability of Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center from the list of event dates.

Figure 8. Reservation Request Page of iReserve

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Figure 8 shows the reservation form that the users need to fill out to request
for Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center. The user needs to provide the required
fields before submitting the request, including its category of event, payment
details, and the target date of the event.

Figure 9. Reservation Form of iReserve

To determine the performance of the system, this study adopted the ISO
9126 evaluation instrument for software, with the following criteria: functionality,
usability, reliability, efficiency, portability, and maintainability.
The following were undertaken during the software evaluation: (1) presented
the system to the respondents from Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center, (2)
demonstrated and explained the functionalities of the system to the respondents,
(3) asked the respondents to use the system for evaluation, (4) distributed the
questionnaires to the respondents. In compliance with the data privacy act,
the respondents were not required to provide their names in the surveys. Their
answers were treated confidentially, (5) tabulated the data and computed the
mean for each criterion and the overall mean for all criteria, and (6) interpreted
the results for the equivalent descriptive rating in Table 1.

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Table 1. Demographics of the Respondents

Count
Group 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 All % 16-25 % 26-35 % 36-45 % 46-55 %
of No.
Non-
resident 4 1 2 1 13% 0% 14% 17% 25%
of Lipa
Private
2 2 7% 0% 0% 17% 0%
Sector
Public
9 2 1 6 30% 29% 14% 50% 0%
Sector
Resident
8 2 3 1 2 27% 29% 43% 8% 50%
of Lipa
School 7 3 2 1 1 23% 43% 29% 8% 25%
30 7 12 4 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

The participants of the research consisted of 30 respondents from different

groups and ages. Non-resident of Lipa 4 (13%), Private Sector 2 (7%), Public
Sector 9 (30%), Residents of Lipa 8 (23%) and schools 7 (23%).

Table 2. Gender of Respondents

Non-resident Private Resident Grand Non-resident Private Resident of Grand
Gender of Lipa Sector of Lipa
School
Total of Lipa % Sector % Lipa %
School %
Total %

Female 2 1 3 3 13 50 % 33 % 50 % 43 % 43 %
Male 2 1 6 4 17 50 % 67 % 50 % 57 % 57 %

4 2 9 7 30 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

Participants were asked personal questions such as age and gender. As seen in
Table 2. 43% of participants are female and 57% of participants are male.

Table 3. Age of Respondents

Age All Female Male All % Female % Male %
16-25 7 5 2 23 % 38 % 12 %
26-35 7 1 6 23 % 8% 35 %
36-45 12 5 7 40 % 38 % 41 %
46-55 4 2 2 13 % 15 % 12 %
30 13 17 100 % 100 % 100 %

In addition, as seen in Table 3 23% of participants for ages of 16-25, 23%

for ages 26-35, 40% for ages 36-45 and 13% for ages 46-55.

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Table 4. Rating Scale for Interpreting the Evaluation Result

Numerical Rating Interpretation
4.51 – 5.00 Excellent
3.51 – 4.50 Very Good
2.51 – 3.50 Good
1.51 – 2.00 Fair
1.00 – 1.50 Poor

Table 5 presents the results of the evaluation regarding the system’s

functionality. The system gained an overall mean of 4.9, which is equivalent to
an excellent rating. This indicates that the system meets the users’ needs.

Table 5. Functionality Evaluation of iReserve

Indicators Mean Interpretation
The software performs the tasks required. 4.9 Excellent
The result is as expected. 4.9 Excellent
The system interacts with other systems. 4.8 Excellent
The software prevents unauthorized access. 4.9 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.9 Excellent

Table 6 presents the results of the evaluation regarding the system’s usability.
The system gained an overall mean of 4.9, which is equivalent to an excellent
rating. This indicates that the system is user-friendly and provides an attractive
user interface.

Table 6. Usability Evaluation of iReserve

Indicators Mean Interpretation
The software is easy to use. 4.9 Excellent
The system is quickly learned. 4.9 Excellent
The system is used without much effort. 4.9 Excellent
GUI interface looks good. 4.8 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.9 Excellent

Table 7 presents the results of the evaluation regarding the system’s reliability.
The system gained an overall mean of 4.6, which is equivalent to an excellent
rating. This indicates that the system is fault-tolerant and recoverable.
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Table 7. Reliability Evaluation of iReserve

Indicators Mean Interpretation
Most of the faults in the software have been eliminated
4.7 Excellent
over time.
The software handles errors. 4.7 Excellent
Software resumes working and restores lost data. 4.5 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.6 Excellent

Table 8 presents the results of the evaluation regarding the system’s efficiency.
The system gained an overall mean of 4.7, which is equivalent to an excellent
rating. This indicates that the system is prompt and effective.

Table 8. Efficiency Evaluation of iReserve

Indicators Mean Interpretation
The system responds quickly. 4.7 Excellent
The system utilizes resources efficiently. 4.7 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.7 Excellent

Table 9 presents the results of the evaluation regarding the system’s portability.
The system gained an overall mean of 4.8, which is equivalent to an excellent
rating. This indicates that the system is accessible and convenient to use.

Table 9. Portability Evaluation of iReserve

Indicators Mean Interpretation
The software can be moved to other environments. 4.9 Excellent
The software is installed quickly. 4.9 Excellent
The software complies with portability standards. 4.9 Excellent
The software is easily replaced with other software. 4.5 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.8 Excellent

Table 10 presents the results of the evaluation regarding the system’s

maintainability. The system gained an overall mean of 4.8, which is equivalent
to an excellent rating. This indicates that the system is restorable to operational
status when a failure occurs.

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Table 10. Maintainability Evaluation of iReserve

Indicators Mean Interpretation
Faults are easily diagnosed. 4.8 Excellent
The software is easily modified. 4.8 Excellent
The software continues to function if changes are made. 4.8 Excellent
The software is tested easily. 4.9 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.8 Excellent

Table 11 presents a summary of the evaluation results. The system’s

functionality and usability received the highest ratings. On the other hand,
reliability received the lowest rating but still was excellent. The system attained
an overall mean of 4.8, which is equivalent to an excellent rating. This indicates
that the system complies with the ISO 9126 software quality standards.

Table 11. Overall Evaluation of iReserve

Criteria Mean Interpretation
Functionality 4.9 Excellent
Usability 4.9 Excellent
Reliability 4.6 Excellent
Efficiency 4.7 Excellent
Portability 4.8 Excellent
Maintainability 4.8 Excellent
Overall Mean 4.8 Excellent

Table 12 presents the results of the computer system usability. The system
gained an overall mean of 4.86, which is equivalent to an excellent rating. This
indicates that the users find the system effective and it satisfies their needs.

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Table 12. Results of the Computer System Usability

Criteria Mean Interpretation
Overall, I am satisfied with how easy it is to use this 4.9 Excellent
system.
It is simple to use this system. 4.9 Excellent
I am able to complete my work quickly using this 4.8 Excellent
system.
I feel comfortable using this system. 4.9 Excellent
It was easy to learn to use this system. 4.9 Excellent
I believe I became productive quickly using this 4.8 Excellent
system.
The system gives error messages that clearly tell me 4.7 Excellent
how to fix problems.
Whenever I make mistakes using the system, I 4.7 Excellent
recover easily and quickly.
The information (such as online help, on-screen 4.9 Excellent
messages, and other documentation) provided with
this system is clear.
It is easy to find the information needed. 4.9 Excellent
The information provided with the system is effective 4.9 Excellent
in helping complete my work.
The organization of information on the system 4.9 Excellent
screens is clear.
The interface of this system is pleasant. 4.9 Excellent
I like using the interface of this system. 4.9 Excellent
This system has all functions and capabilities I expect 4.8 Excellent
it to have.
Overall, I am satisfied with this system. 4.9 Excellent
Overall Mean 4.86 Excellent

CONCLUSIONS

Reservation of events in Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center needs

automation to improve the current system. As per the client, Admin Office Lipa
City Hall, the purpose of the system is to have a well-organized schedule of

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events - to be able to accept reservations for Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center
without conflicting other events that have prior reservations – and to disseminate
information online. Thus, the system was proposed and developed to cater to
the client’s needs to manage a schedule of Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center
efficiently through the online reservation and to post news and announcements
through a website.
The software has many benefits such as improvement of efficiency and
productivity, reduction of errors, increase in quality of service. For this reason,
it becomes essential to understand the factors that affect the intention of use of
i-Reserve.
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were derived, (1)
using a flowchart, context diagram, an entity-relationship diagram, the proposed
system was successfully designed such that: (a) the user can send reservation
online; (b) the admin can manage the requests sent by the user, and (c) the user
and admin can search for available dates of Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center,
(2) the proposed system was developed successfully using: (a) HTML and CSS
for the user interface; (b) JavaScript for form validation and error handling; (c)
PHP for sending and retrieving data to and from the database; and (d) MySQL
for data storage; and (3) Using ISO/IEC 9126 testing standard for software, the
functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability of
the proposed system was tested and was rated excellent.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the results, the researchers offer the following recommendations

that iReserve be adopted by the city of Lipa, but in the process, only a specific
group of individuals from the admin of Lipa City Youth and Cultural Center
will be given admin accounts and manage reservations for it will yield additional
income generation and when it becomes operational, online payment can be
integrated into the system for faster transactions.

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