DETERMINATION
Of
CONTENTS
Of
COLD DRINKS
NAME- ARYADEEP ROY
CLASS- XI
SEC- J
SES- AFTERNOON
ROLL- 13
ID NO.: 10-0246
AIM
Comparative Study and Qualitative
Analysis of
Different Brands of Cold Drinks
Available in the Market
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to
My Chemistry Teachers in providing a helping hand in this
project. Their valuable guidance, support and supervision all
through this project titled “Comparative Study and Qualitative
Analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the
market”. I would also like to thank my parents and friends for
valuable guidance to help me finish this project. They are
responsible for attaining this project’s present form.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Apparatus
4. Chemicals Required
5. Detection on of pH
6. Test for Carbon Dioxide
7. Test for Glucose
8. Test for Phosphate
9. Test for Alcohol
10. Test for Sucrose
11. Result
12. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Cold drinks of different brands are made up of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide,
phosphate ions, etc. The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the Indianiza on of industry
marked its beginning with launching of Limca and Goldspot by Parley group of companies.
Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coca Cola. Now days, it is observed
in general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give feeling of
lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain.
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide,
phosphate ions etc. These so drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy
taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth
on shaking the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid
which is responsible for the fizzy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic
compounds and are major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates
is - CX(H2O)Y. On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as: -
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with
formula C6H12O6. It occurs in Free state in ripened grapes, bones, in many sweet fruits
and in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful
disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in
flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-
20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of
sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and free dose. It is non-
reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and
their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon
the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
1. Test tube
2. Test tube holder
3. Test tube stand
4. Stop watch
5. Beaker
6. Burner
7. pH paper
8. tripod stand
9. China dish
10. Wire gauge 11. Water bath
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
1. Iodine solution
2. Potassium iodine
3. Sodium hydroxide
4. Fehling’s A & B solution
5. Lime water
6. Concentrated HNO3
7. Benedict solution
8. Ammonium molybdate
DETECTION OF pH
EXPERIMENT:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test
tube. The change in colour of pH was noticed and was compared with
the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION:
INFERENCE:
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT:
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON:
Sl no. Name of Drink Time Taken Conclusion
1 Coca Cola 26.5 CO2 Is Present
2 Sprite 21 CO2 Is Present
3 Limca 35 CO2 Is Present
4 Fanta 36 CO2 Is Present
INFERENCE:
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ------------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-
1) BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST :-
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and
a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for
few seconds. Forma on of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in
cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positve test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent. Hence
all the drinks contain glucose.
2) FEHLINGS SOLUTION TEST:-
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and
a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in
equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATON
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and
Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was
added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
INFERENCE
All the so drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the
cold drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H ------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3+ 21HN4NO3 +
12H2O
The yellow precipitate is known as ammonium phosphomolybdate.
TEST FOR ALCHOHOL
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and
Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution
was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for
30 minutes. Appearance of yellow coloured precipitate confirmed the presence of
alcohol in cold drinks
OBSERVATON
INFERENCE
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH -------- CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes
and were heated very strongly un l changes occur. Black coloured residue le
confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in
each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.
CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large
amount which cause problems in diabetes pa ents.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to
suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in
about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous
matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Following books and websites were a source for my project.
WEBSITES:
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
BOOKS:
1. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS BY VOGEL
2. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- MORRISON AND BOYD
3. COMPREHENSIVE CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL
