PHYSICS FORMULA SHEET

Motion in a circle And gravitational Fields

Quantity Unit Relationship

Linear velocity relating to ms-1 v=ωxr

angular speed

Centripetal Acceleration ms-2 a = v2 / r

a = rω2

Centripetal Force N F = mv2 / r

or
F = mr ω2

Gravitational Force N g= f/m

Newton's law of gravitation N

formula, attractive force in F = GMm/r2
opposite direction

Gravitational Field of a point N/kg g = GM/r2

mass

Velocity of an object in ms-1 v2 = GM/r

circular orbit

Gravitational potential at a Jkg-1 Φ = -GM/r

point gpe=mgh only for uniform
gravitational field and above
for radial

Orbital period s T = 4π2r3/Gm

Gravitational potential of two Jkg-1 Ep = -GMm/r

isolated point masses
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Thermal Physics

Quantity Unit Relationship

1st law of thermodynamics J Δu = q + W

Work done when the volume J W = pΔV

of gas changes at a
constant pressure

Specific Heat capacity J⋅K−1⋅kg−1 ΔQ = mcΔT

Specific Latent Heat Of Jkg-1 Lf = ΔQ/Δm

Fusion

Specific Latent Heat Of Jkg-1 Lv = ΔQ/Δm

Vaporisation

Ideal Gas

Quantity Unit Relationship

Boyle’s Law p1V1 = p2V2

Charle’s Law V1/T1 = V2/T2

Gay Lussac's law p1/T1 = p2/V2

Combined law formula p1V1/T1 = p2V2/T2

Pressure Formulas Pa pV = 1/3Nm<c2> on the

sheet
p = 1/3ρ<c2>

Root mean square speed ms-1 √<c2> = √(3kT/m)

Average Kinetic energy of J <Ek> = 3/2kT

one molecule

Force on the wall of a N F = mc2/L

container due to a particle
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Oscillations

Quantity Unit Relationship

Frequency, f Hz 1/T

Acceleration, a ms-2 a = -ω2x

Angular frequency, ω rads-1 ω= 2πf or ω=2π/T

Velocity of a particle in SHM ms-1 v= +-ω√(x02 - x2)

GIVEN IN SHEET v = v0cos(ωt)
vo = ωxo

Total energy of a system E0 = ½ mω2x02

E0 = ½ mv02

SHM formulas x = x0sin(ωt)

GIVEN IN SHEET x = x0cos(ωt)

Electric Fields

Quantity Unit Relationship

Electric Field Strength E = F/Q

Uniform Electric Field E = ΔV/Δd

Coulomb's law F = Q1Q2/4πε0r2

Electric field strength due to E = Q/4πε0r2

a point charge

Electric potential V = Q/4πε0r

GIVEN IN SHEET

Electric Potential of charge Ep = Qq/4πε0r

place in a electric field Ep = Vq
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Capacitance

Quantity Unit Relationship

Capacitance F C = Q/V

Voltage V V = W/Q

Work done in charging W = ½VQ

capacitor W = ½ CV2
W = Q2/2c

Capacitors in series 1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 +.....

Capacitors in parallel CT = C1 + C2 +.....

Discharging a capacitor, x = x0e-t/RC

Time constant, τ τ = RC

Magnetic Fields

Quantity Unit Relationship

Force on a current carrying F = BILsinθ ; Note that force

conductor at right angles to will be 0 if the current and
the magnetic field field are parallel in other
words when θ=0

Magnetic force experienced F = Bqvsinθ

by a charged particle

Vh Vh = BI/ntq

The velocity of a particle in v = E/B

an electric field and
magnetic field ( only when
forces are equal and
opposite)

Magnetic flux density Teslas B = F/IL

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Electromagnetic Induction

Quantity Unit Relationship

Magnetic flux Φ = BA cos(θ), if θ= 0,

then cos(θ)=1

Magnetic flux linkage Wb NΦ = NBA

Induced EMF

Alternating Currents

Quantity Unit Relationship

Alternating current I = I0sin(ωt)

Maximum Power of Po = Io2R

Alternating current

Direct current needed to

produce average power of
alternating current

Quantum Physics

Quantity Unit Relationship

The energy of an electron J E = hf

Speed of a wave v = fλ
Light → c = fλ
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Momentum of a photon

Photoelectric effect

Specific photon energy due E = hf = E2-E1

to level movement

Nuclear Physics

Quantity Unit Relationship

Activity Bq

Number of nuclei

Exponential decay

Half life

Medical Physics

Quantity Unit Relationship

Acoustic Impedance Z=pc

Intensity reflection

Intensity

Energy gained by an E max = eV

electron
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Astronomy & cosmology

Quantity Unit Relationship

Radiant flux intensity, F F = L/A

F = L/4πd2

Wien's law λ = c/T

Stefan-boltzman law F = σT4

Hubble's law V = Hod

Age of universe, T0 T0 = 1/Ho