UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION

Conics are the curves obtained by cutting a double right circular cone by a plane.

Right circular cone:

Consider a line through center of a circle and perpendicular to its plane. Let A be
a fixed point on line so all lines through A and points on circle generate a right
circular cone.

The lines are called rulings or generators of the cone. The surface generated
consists of two parts called nappes meeting at fixed point A called vertex or apex.

 If the cone is cut by a plane perpendicular to axis of cone then the section is Circle.
The size of circle depends on how near the plane is to the vertex of cone.
 If plane passing through vertex the intersection is just a point or Point circle.
 If cutting plane is slightly tilted and cuts only one nappe of the cone the resulting
section is an Ellipse
 if the cutting plane is parallel to generators of the cone and cuts only one nappe the
curve of intersection is called Parabola.
 If cutting plane parallel to axis of cone cuts both nappes then the curve of intersection
is called Hyperbola.

Circle:
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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
The set of all points in plane which are equally distant from a fixed point form a circle. The
fixed point is called centre. The distance from centre to any point on circle is called radius.

Equations of Circle:
Standard Form ( ) ( )
center ( )& radius
General form
center ( )& radius √

Parametric Equation &

Eccentricity 0
Condition of Tangency ( )

Q No.1: Equation of circle with ends of diameter( )&( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )
Divided by
Q No.2:Center of circle is to x & y
coefficient and
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) you get
coordinates of
Q No.3: is the equation of center of circle.

( ) Unit Circle ( )Imaginary circle

( ) Real Circle ( ) Point Circle

Q No.4: Equation of circle which passes through( ) ( )&( )is

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) None

Q No.5: Equation of circle which passes through( ) ( )

And having center at is

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Q No.6: Equation of circle of radius lying in 3rd quad such that it is tangent to both
axes is

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Circles Touch Externally and Internally:

Consider two circles Centred at , radius then

 If they touch externally then | |

 If they touch internally then | | ;

Q No.7: and touches

( ) Internally ( ) Externally ( )Both A & B ( ) None

Tangents & Normal:

A line that touches the curve at point P without cutting through it is called tangent at P.

A line through P and perpendicular to tangent is called Normal.

Slope of tangent & Normal:

Slope of tangent at point ( ) on the curve ( ) can be given by| ( )|( ).

Slope of normal at point ( ) on the curve ( ) can be given by| .

( )|( )

Q No.8:The number of tangents drawn from( )to circle

Is/are

( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 0 ( ) 3

Q No.9:if and are tangent to a circle, its radius is

√ √
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
√

Position of Point w.r.t Circle:

Consider a point ( ) and circle

 If then P lies outside Circle.

 If then P lies on the Circle.
 If then P lies inside Circle.

Corollary:

The line intersects the circle at most two points.

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
These points are

 Real & coincident if ( ) Makes tangent line

 Real & distinct if ( ) Makes secant line
 imaginary if ( ) Invisible line

Length of tangent to circle:

The length of tangent from point ( ) to

Circle is

Q No.10: Length of tangent drawn from( )to circle

5 is

( ) 133 ( ) √ ( ) √ ( ) 154

Chord of contact:
The point where tangent meets the curve is called point of contact and a line that join
two points of contact is called chord of contact.

Equation of Tangent:
To find an equation of tangent at a point on any curve by Replacing

by

by

by ( )

by ( )

y by ( )

Q No.11: Equation of tangent on circle at point( )is

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) None

Q No.12:Equation of tangent on circle from point( )is

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) None
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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
Q No.13:Equation of tangent to the circle parallel to line is

( ) √ ( ) √

( ) √ ( ) Both ( ) and ( )

Conic Section:
Let L be a fixed line in plane and F be a fixed point not on line L suppose | |
represents a distance of a point ( ) from the line L. the set of all points in the
plane such that
| |
| |
is called Conic Section.

 If then the conic is Parabola

 If then the conic is Ellipse
 If then the conic is Hyperbola

The fixed line L is called a Directrix and the fixed point F is called Focus.

Parabola:
A Parabola is a locus of a point which moves in a plane such that its distance from a
fixed point (Focus) is equal to its distance from a fixed line (Directrix).

Terms Regarding Parabola:

Axis of Parabola The line through focus and perpendicular to Directrix is called
axis of parabola.
Vertex The point where the axes meet the parabola is called vertex.

Chord A line joining any two points on parabola is called chord.

Focal Chord A chord passing through focus of parabola is called focal chord.
Latusrectum A focal chord that is perpendicular to axis of parabola and its
length is .
Parametric Equation And are parametric equationsof .

Summary of Standard Parabolas:

Equation
Graph

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
Focus ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Vertex ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Directrix
Length of L.R
Equation
of Axis
Equation of L.R
Condition of
Tangency
Focal Distance
of a Point
( )
Parametric ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Coordinate
Equation of
Tangent at
Vertex

Q No.14: Focus & Equation of directrix of parabola is

( )( ) ( )( )

( )( ) ( )( )

Q No.15: Length of latusrectum of parabola Coefficient of linear factor

in parabola always gives
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) length of latusrectum

Q No.16: The point on parabola ( ) ( ) which is closest to focus of

parabola is
Vertex is a
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) nearest point
from focus. To
find vertex just
change the sign of
coefficient that
add or subtract in
and .

Ellipse:
An ellipse is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points such that sum of the
distances to the two focal points is constant for every point on the curve.

Elements of Ellipse:

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
Let and are two foci of ellipse ( )

The midpoint C of is called center of ellipse[ ( )]

The intersection of ( ) and line joining the foci are obtained by setting these
are the points ( ) ( ) the points and are called vertices of the
ellipse. The line segment is called major axis of the ellipse.

The line through center of ellipse and perpendicular to major axis is called minor
axis of ellipse. It meets Ellipse at ( ) and ( ) called Covertices of ellipse.

The length of major axis is greater than length of minor axis.

Foci of an ellipse lie on major axis.

Each of focal chord and perpendicular to major axis of ellipse are called
latusrectum there are two laterarecta of an Ellipse.

Summary of Standard Ellipses:

Equation

Graph

Foci ( ) ( )
Directrices or or
Major Axis
Minor Axis
Vertices ( ) ( )
Covertices ( ) ( )
Center ( ) ( )
Latera recta
Condition of Tangency
Distance between Foci
Distance between
Directrix
Tangent at Vertices

For ellipse

 Length of latusrectum of Ellipse

 Eccentricity of ellipse , here
 Length of Major Axis

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
 Length of minor axis
 Sum of focal distances
 Area of ellipse

Q No.17:Foci of is

( ) ( ) ( )( √ ) ( )( ) ( )( )

Q No.18: Length of latusrectum of ellipse is

To find &
√
( ) ( ) ( ) √ ( )1 coordinates of center
√
of any conic just take
Q No.19:Axis & Center of ellipse partial derivate w.r.t
“x” & “y”
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

In transformed form of ellipse if the coefficient of is greater than coefficient of then axis of
ellipse along and If the coefficient of is greater than coefficient of then axis of
ellipse along .
Among and thebigger coefficient represents and smaller

Q No.20: The ellipse contained in a circle then the

Minimum area of that circle is Minimum area

of circle in
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) which an ellipse
is inscribe is

Q No.21: A circle inscribed in an ellipse then the Maximum area

of circle that
inscribed in an
Maximum area of that circle is
ellipse is
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Q No.22: Equation of directrix of ellipse is

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Hyperbola:
A Hyperbola is a locus of a point which moves in such a way that the difference of its
distances from two fixed points (Foci) is constant.

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
Let F be a fixed point and L be a line not containing F also Let ( ) be a point in the
plane and | | is the perpendicular distance of P from L the set of all points ( )
| |
such that | |
is called hyperbola. Standard form of hyperbola is .

Elements of Hyperbola:

Consider the hyperbola

 Meets the x-axis at points ( ) the points ( )& ( ) are called

vertices of hyperbola.
 The line segment is called transverse axis or focal axis of
hyperbola.
 The hyperbola does not meet the y-axis on real points however line
segment joining the point ( ) and ( ) is called conjugate axis.
 The midpoint ( ) of is called centre of hyperbola.
 Since √ , when | | is very large so that we
have . These two lines do not meet the curve but distance of any
point from curve to line is approaches to zero such lines are called
asymptotes.

Ellipse and hyperbola are called central conics because each has a center
of symmetry.

Rectangular hyperbola:
A hyperbola for which the asymptotes are perpendicular, also called an
equilateral hyperbola or right hyperbola. This occurs when semi major axis
and semiminor axis are equal. This corresponds to taking , giving
eccentricity √ plugging in standard equation of hyperbola with
semi major axis parallel to and semi minor axis parallel to .

Summary of Standard Hyperbolas:

Equation

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
Graph

Foci ( ) ( )
Directrices or or
Transverse Axis
Conjugate Axis
Vertices ( ) ( )
Center ( ) ( )
Latera recta
Asymptotes

Condition of Tangency

 Length of latusrectum of hyperbola

 Eccentricity of hyperbola , here

In transformed case of
 Length of Transverse Axis ellipse & hyperbola
 Length of Conjugate axis calculate general vertices
 Difference of focal distances and then add coordinates of
center to get transformed
vertices.
Q No.23: Vertex of hyperbola is

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) Both ( )&( )

Q No.1: Center of hyperbola is

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Q No.24: distance of focus of hyperbola from its center is

( ) √ ( ) √ ( ) √ ( ) √

Point of Contact:

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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
Circle ( )
√ √

Parabola
( )

Ellipse
( )
√ √
Hyperbola
( )
√ √

Q No.25: if the line touches the hyperbola then valueof can

be

( ) 6 ( ) 15 ( ) 36 ( ) 45

The General Equation of Second degree:

The general equation of second degree conic whose axis is parallel to coordinate axes
is

 A Circle if
 An Ellipse if and both are non-zero and of same sign
 A hyperbola if and both are non-zero and of opposite sign
 A parabola if Either or

Classification of Conics by the Discriminant:

The most general equation of the second degree is

If the equation represents a conic then axis of conic is not parallel to coordinate axis.

 If | | then equation represents a pair of straight lines.

 If | | and

 then ellipse or circle

 then parabola
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 UNIT 6 CONIC SECTION
 then hyperbola

The quantity is called the discriminant.

Q No.26: The second degree equation represents

( ) Parabola ( ) Hyperbola ( ) Ellipse ( ) Pair of straight lines

Q No.27: Eccentricity of is

( ) 0 ( ) 1 ( ) ( )

Angle of Rotation:
In most general equation of the second degree, axis of conic is not parallel to
coordinate axes or . But by using rotation of axes we made them parallel to

new axes or .If the axes are rotated about the origin through an

angle ( ) where is given by

Q No.28: The measure of angle through which the axes be rotated about the origin so
that the product term can be removed from the equation is

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Both ( )&( )

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