AT

HOUSAND AND ONE

F
ORMULAS
T
he L
abo
rato
ry H
andbook f
o
rthe E
xpe
rimen
ter

W
ith a
n Append
ix o
f U
sefu
l T
ables

B
Y

S
IDNEY GERNSBACK

FU L L Y IL L U S T R A T E D

EXPER
IMENTER P
UBL
ISH
ING COMPANY
, I
n
c.
2
33 F
ULTON S
TREET
, NE W YORK C
ITY
, N
. Y
.

FI
RST ED
ITI ON

19
20
 COPYRIG HT 1
920 BY
EXPERIMENTER PUBLISHING COMPANY
, I
nc.
NE W YORK

G
ift
Pub
lisher

A
UG ;1 t
9
20
 C
HAPTER-
INDEX

P
age
C
emen
tsa
nd G
lue
s 5

C
ompo
sit
ion
s o
f a
l k
i
nds 8

G
las
sand G
las
s Wo
rking 1
3

I
nks 2
0

L
eathe
rPo
lishe
s, e
t
c 2
7

Me
tal
-Craf
t 3
0

P
erfumer
y, S
oap
sand E
xtrac
ts 4
7

P
hotog
raphy 5
1

B
lue
-Pr
inta
nd o
the
r P
ape
rs 5
6

P
la
ting 6
0

P
yro
techny 6
7

P
ol
ishe
sand S
ta
ins 7
6

V
arn
ishe
sand P
ain
ts 8
0

V
arious C
lean
ing F
ormu
las 8
2

Wood
-Cra
ft 8
3

L
abo
rato
ry H
int
sand E
xpe
rimen
ts(
Chem
ica
l) 8
7

6
4 4
i 44 é
é (
Mechan
ica
l) 1
17

d
i (
E
lec
trica
l). 1
30

M
isce
llaneou
s F
ormu
las 1
35

A
ppend
ix a
nd T
abl
es 1
37

I
ndex 1
57
 EXPER
IMENTER
'S APHOR
ISMS
I
n th
e fo
llow
ing, w
ewi
sh tog
ive t
oth
e exper
im en
ter
s
ome h
in
tsast othe u
se o
f t
he d
i
ffe
ren
t ing
redien
ts and
h
ow t
ow ork t
hem:
(
1) A
lways béa
r in m
ind t
ha
t e
xact w
ork
ing o
fa
f
ormula r
equ
ires ACCURACY , CLEANLINESS,
PATIENCE
, and S K
ILL.
(2
) K now what you ar
e abou
t, b
efo
re you s
ta
rt
t
o e
xperiment
.
(3
) " THE H ISTORY OF F AILURES I S THE
H
ISTORY OF S UCCESS" g oes a
n o
ld adag
e, a
nd it
a
pp
lie
sw el
lt othe e
xpe
rimenter
.
(
4) Many t
imes i
mpu
re, wrong o
r d
et
erio
rated r
aw
m
ate
ria
ls
, s
pe
ll FAILURE in
stead o
f SUCCESS.
(
5
) Ag reat many o f t
he c
hem
ica
ls a
nd in
gred
ient
s
r
equ
ired, cannotbeo btained f
rom d
rug s
t
ores
; buy t
hem
a
t areputable s
upp
ly h ouse
.
(
6) BEFORE CONDEMN ING A FORMULA , be
s
u
rethefaul
tdoesno
tl i
e wi
th th
e manne
r o
fhand
ling i
t
,
o
rth
ep u
rity o
fth
eingred
ients
.
(
7) B esure tomix t
he m a
teria
ls c
ompris
ing a c
er-
t
a
in f
ormula i
nthepropersequenc e
.
(
8) When s tar
ting t
o prepare a mix
ture, e
spe
cia
lly
o
ne c
onta
ining l
i
quids
, a
sk y
ou rse
lf: "IS THE S PECIF
IC
GRAVITY CORRECT , AS I NDICATED BY A HY -
DROMETER? I
S THE TEMPERATURE R IGHT?
I
S THE QUANT ITY OR WE IGHT R IGHT ?"
(
9
) A c
ids and w
a te
r, when mixed, s
hould b
em an
ip-
u
la
ted intheproperm anner
, i.e.
, THE AC ID S HOULD
BE POURED I NTO THE WATER , and no
tvice v
er
sa,
a
s the so
lut
ion i sl
i
able to be f
orcibly ej
ect
ed fr
om the
c
onta
ining v
esse
l and i
nto t
hem ixer
'sf ace
.
(
10) F or any kind of S YSTEMAT IC WORK , a
f
l
oating THERMOMETER a nd HYDROMETER , a sw e
ll
a
sm easuring gl
ass
esa nd sc
ales
,s hould alwaysbe prov
ided,
a
s GUESS - WORK i s EXPENS IVE a nd S OMET IMES
FATAL .
(
11) P utlabe
lso n ALL b ottles
, box e
s and packages
w
ith F ULL I NSCR IPT ION a s to the
ir c on
tent
s, i twi
ll
a
void troublesa nd mi
stakes
.
(
12) R emembe r that ab eginner c annot expect to
make a r
ticles AT FIRST, which wil
l compa re w
i
th r egu
lar
manu f
a c
tu red p
roducts
. S
.G.
 C
emen
tsa
nd G
lue
s.
C
EMENTS F
OR WORK S
HOP
. C
ement f
or Wood . — Me
lt in an iron
p
an 1oz. o
f Re
sin
; 1o z. o
f pure Ye
llow
Leather B el
ting C emen t
. —Take 1 p art
Wax
, and s
t
ir in 1oz. of Ven
etian Red.
o
fC ommon G lue; 1p a
rto f Amer ican I s
in -
U
se wh
ile h
ot
. Wh en c
old i
tisashard as
g
lass. Pla ce t hem i n ab o
iler a nd a dd
s
t
one
.
water s uf icien t t o just c over t he w hole.
Let i ts oak 1 0 h ours, then b r
ing t ob o
iling
a
nd a dd p ure T annin u ntil t he w ho le L
IQU ID G LUE.
b
ecom es r opy o r appears l i
ke t he w hite o f Chlor a
l Hydra t, 250 g ram s, G e
la tin, 400
e
gg. A pp ly i tw arm. B uf t h
e g rain o f gram s ; Wa ter , 1 ,000 g ram s. Th e s o
lution
t
he l eathe r w he
re i ti sto b e c em ented , rub i sr eady i n 4 8 h our s
.
t
he j oin t s urfaces t o
geth er ; l e
t i td ry f or
af ew h our s
, a nd i tisr eady f or u se. I t
w
ill n ot n eed r ivet
ing, a s t he c em ent i s HARD C EMENT .
n
early o f t h e sam e n a
tur e a s t he l e
athe r
A h a rd c em en t i sm ad e from p laster o f
i
t
self.
p
aris
, 6p ar
t s; 2p arts s i
lex o rf i
ne s and a nd
C
emen ting B rass to G las s
.- 16 p arts o f 2p arts d ex trine . M ix w ith w ater u nti
l
C
opa l V arn i
sh; 5p artsD r ying O il; 3p arts soft
, t hen w o rk w ith ak nife
.
Turp en tine ; 3p art
s O il o f T urp entine; 5
p
artsL iqu id G lue ; 10 part s Stuc co.
CEMENT F ORMULA .
Cemen tf or G lass and P or c
elain .- 1 p art
P
owd ered C asein -4 o z
s.
o
f C asein; 6 p a
rts of Sod ium S i
lica te
. D is-
s
o
lv e; a pp ly a tonc e and d ry i nt he a ir. Powd ered S lak ed L im e -5 o zs
.
P
owd ered B ary tes -20 o zs.
Chem i cal C ernen t
.— M ix t ogeth er 5 l b
. M ix t horough ly.
o
fR e s
in; 1l b
. o f Wax ; li b,o fR ed O cher ; I
n u se pour a l i
ttle o f the p owde r i n
to
2oz. o f P last e
r o fP aris
. Me l t t he w hole a ny c onv enien t v essel
, a nd s uficien t w ater
w
ith m ode ra te hea t
. t
of orm as t
if p a ste, a nd w o
rk o r s t
i r with
as mall s t
ick u ntil t horough ly m ix ed.
Cu tler's C emen t. -4 p ar ts of R esin ; 1
Let t h
is m ix tu re s t
and f or 2 0 minu te
s b e
-
p
art o fB eeswax ; 1p art ofP laster o fP aris.
f
ore using. T his i si mpor tan t
. Th e a rt
icle
Elect rica l C emen t
. -5 o z. o f R esin; 1 t o be m ended s hou ld b e free f rom a l d ir
t
o
z
. o fB eeswax ; 1o z. ofR ed O cher . D ry a nd g rea s
e b efore a pplying t he cem en t
, a nd
t
he o cher o n as tove. Me lt the w ax a nd s hould b e p er fectly d ry.
r
e
sin t og eth er a nd s t
ir i n t h
e p owd e r t i
ll For Mend ing Ho l
es i nP ots, P an s, etc
.:
c
o
ld. B est c emen t to fa
s ten b r a
s s o n g l
as s —Fill t
he h
ol e w
it h t
he pas
t e
, a
ppl y
i ng t
o
t
ubes
, e tc
. b
oth i nside a nd o uts
ide s urface s
, a l
low i t
t
o dry f or f our h our s, t hen f i
ll t he v e
ss e
l
I
ron C emen t
. -7 l b
. o f I ron B oring s; 2 w ith w ater, p l
a ce o n t he f i
r
e a nd l e
t b oil
,
o
z
. o f S a
l Ammon iac; 1o z
. o f S ulphur ; pour o ut t h
e w ate r
, w ip e dry a nd l e
t s t
and
Wat er i n s uf ic
ien t quan tity. i
n the a ir for t wo t o s i
x h ours l ong er. I f
d
es
ired , a f
ter t he c em ent i s thorough ly
S
tone C emen t
. -25 p ar tso fL in seed O il ;
h
ardened , t he p l ace m ay b e s moo thed u p
b
o
ilw ith 3 5 p artso fL itha rg e and 2 50 p art s
w
ith s and p ape r. F or e xtreme ly l a
rg e holes
o
f fi
ne p owder ed B urned L ime. U se h ot.
p
lace t h
e v esse l t oh e m ended o n ap iece of
Wa t erpr oof C emen t.- 1 p ar
t o f G lue ; 1 p aper, a nd f i
ll h ole w ith t he paste f rom t h
e
p
art B l ack R osin; 3 4 p
a rt R ed O cher. i n
side. Le
t t he p ap er r emain u ntil t h
e
Mixed w i th l east p os
sib l e q u antity o f cemen t i st ho rough ly h arden ed, t hen b u rn
Water. o
f
f. D o n o
t t ear o f.
5
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

F
or Mend ing Ma rb
le, Glas
s and B r
ic-a- Th
is method ofcemen
ting issoefec
tive
b
rac: —Apply the pa
ste toboth broken sur
- t
h
at pi
ece
s w i
ll br
eak a
tother p
lac
es ra
ther
f
ac
es i n ath
in lay
er, pre
ss clo
sely tog
ether
t
h
an atthe poin
t. T he s
he
llac
, once b
aked
a
nd a low to harden in th
e a i
r for si
x t o
t
welve hours
. w
el
l, asdi
rected
, isp
roof t
om ost a
l ac
ids;
H2S O 4,HC 1, HN0 8,a nd c
hromic a c
id do
Do no
t o mit l
ett
ing t h
e mixture s
t
and
f
or tw
enty minutes af
ter mix
ing w i
th wa
- n
ot seem t oa fe
ct iti nany way. I ti sal
so
t
e
r. T his i
se s
sen
tial fo
r the c
ase
in tobe
- wat
erp roof. I n fa
ct Ic an fi
nd nothing so
c
ome t
horoughly d
is
solved and ama
lgama
ted f
ar that wi l
l d i
sso
lv e or s
oft
en i t
. Ih ave
w
ith t
he rema
ining i n
gred
ients
. u
sed an e l
e ct
ric ste
ril
izing oven w hen bak-
i
ng the s h
ellac.
Anoth er g ood cem ent
, som e
times c a
lled
GLUE REC
IPES
.
a
quarium c em ent
, i s amixture of li
tharge
a
nd g lycerine, m ade into a past
e a nd a l
-
G
lue to Res
ist Moi
stur
e —One pound
l
owed t o s e
t f o
r t wo days aft
er a pp
lying.
g
ood fl
ake g
lue
, mel
ted in t
wo q
uar
ts of
s
k
imm ed mi
lk.
G
lue-Cement t
o Re
sis
t Mo is
ture —Four CEMENT FOR ATTACH
ING GLASS TO
p
ar
ts good g
lu
e, 4pa
rts bl
ack re
sin
, 1part METAL
.
r
e
d ochre; m
ix wi
th le
ast p
os
sible q
uant
ity
o
f wat
er. Tak e abou t 2o unces o f athick so
lution
o
fg l
ue a nd m ix with it 1o unce of li
nseed
Marine G
lue —Onep ar
to fIndia rubbe r
,
4
2 parts o
fminera
lnaphtha oroc
alt ar;heat o
i
l va rnish a nd o
unc e of pure turpen-
g
en
tly, mix a
nd add 20 par
ts o
f p owder ed t
i
ne. T h
i s mixture isnex t bo
iled in ac o
v-
s
h
ellac; p
our ou
t on asl
ab tocool. Wh en e
r
ed c rock a nd isthen r eady for u
se. T he
u
s
ed, i tsh
ould be he
ated t o a
bou t 250° a
r
tic
le s a f
ter b e
ing c em ent
ed s hould b e
F
ahr. c
l
amp ed t og
eth er f
or s e
v era
l days toa low
t
h
e c em ent t os e
t properly.
BAKED SHELLAC FOR CEMENT
ING

GLASS TO GLASS
, GLASS TO FORMULA FOR GUM THAT U
. S
. U
SES
.

METAL AND CH
INA
. D
isso
lve 2ounces ofdex
trin in 5o
unces
I
n my w o
rk as alabora
tory as
si
stant I o
f wate
r a
nd 1ounce o
f ac
etic a
c
id a
n d 1
h
ave tr
ied many c
ements
, but have fo
und o
unc
e of S
p
iri
t o
f Wine
.
t
ha
t none work aswel
l a sord
inary baked
s
he
lla
cu sed a
sfo
llows
:
CEMENT
ING BRASS TO PORCELA
IN.
Use a
n ordinary s h
ellac and a lc
oho l mix-
t
ure
, bo
il itd own o ver af lame u nt
il t h
e Use t horo
ly d ry l i
tharge a nd p ure
s
hel
lac be
com es f a
irly t h
ick, w arm t h
e a r
- g
lycerine. T o a vo
id t rouble s e
e that n o
t
i
cles t
o be m end ed a l i
tt
le a nd a pply t h
e w
a ter i si n t
he g ly
cerine o r t h
e l i
tha
rg e
s
h
ellac t
ot h
e p arts. A pply pressure tot h
e d
amp . I fthe li
tharge org lycerine conta
in s
p
arts by ty
ing w i
th w ires o r w eighting w
a ter its h
ould be carefully d r
ied a t alow
t
h
em . P ut t h
e w hol
e i n an oven o f c on
- t
emp erature and t h
e g lycer
ine h ea
ted o ve
r
s
t
an t temperature a nd b ake f o
r a bout
aslow f l
am e unt
i l th
e w a t
er i sd r
iven o f
.
t
welve t
ot w
en ty-fou rhour s
. T h et empe ra
-
t
ure of the o ven i s' very i mpo r
tan t; i t The l i
tharge and g l
ycerine s hould t h
en b e
s
hould n
ot exceed 2 00°F . and b y no m eans t
horough ly mixed, using a sl i
ttle glycer
ine
2
12°F. T oo m uch h eat only c h ars t h
e a
sp oss
ible. A fter th
is prepa rat
ion h as b
een
s
he
llacand m akes itbubb le up
. a
pplied itrequ
iresf i
vet os even h ours t
od ry
.
 CEMENTS AND GLUES
. 7

S
ILICA F
ILL
ING CEMENT
. The I nd
ia r ubber m us
t b e fi
r
st m el
ted
b
y ag entle hea
t a nd then 6 t o 8p e
r c ent
Pour o ne g i
ll o fS ilicate o fS oda o r P ot-
b
y weight oft a
llow i sadded t othe ru
bb er
a
sh in al arge t umb ler ( the S i
li cate o fS od a
wh
ilei tiskeptw ell s
t
irred; n ext d
ry sl
aked
o
rP o tash i sc omm ercia l
ly k nown a sS olub le
l
ime isappl
i ed unti
l the fl
uid m ass a
ssum es
G
lass a nd c an b e b ough t a ta ny w holesa le acons
istency similar tot hat of so
ft paste;
d
rugg ist). l
a
stly
, 2 0 per cent of red lead isadded i n
Now a dd o ne g illo f Wa ter t ot heS o
lub le o
rder tom ak e i
th ard
en a nd d ry
.
Gl
assa nd m ix t he two l iquids w i th aw ood -
e
n s t
ick . I n a noth er g lass t umb ler p our
a
nother g i
l l o f Wa ter, t o w hich i sa dd ed CEMENT FOR CELLULO
ID.
o
ne g i
l l of Hyd rochl oric A cid ( c
alled a l
so Smal
l ce
llu
loid ar
ticl
es c an be repa
ired
Muri atic A cid ). w
ith th
is s
imp
le cement
. D is
solve o
n e p
art
Now s low ly p our t he Mur iatic A cid a nd o
fcamphor infor
ty pa
rtso falcoho
la nd add
Water i nto t he t umb le r c on taining t he a
n equal q
uant
ity of sh
ellac
. T he cement
s
o
lub le g la s
s s olution a nd a g ela t
inou s s i
l- i
sappl
ied h
ot t
ot he p
art
s t obem ended and
i
ca w ill b e t hrown t o t h
e b ottom o f t
h
e p a
rts a
re h
eld to
gether until c
oo
led.
t
he g lass, p our o f
f t he e x c
es s l iquid l e
ft
i
n th e g lass. ' Wash t he g ela tinou s s il
ica
i
n al i
ttle w ater, a low t o dry. Wh en d ry W ATERPROOF CEMENT FOR CELLU
-
t
he s i
l
i ca w ill b e i n t he f orm o f p owd er. LO
ID.
Thi
s p owd er i sp ure s i
lica. Cel
luloid i sbecom ing i n
c rea
sing ly popular
Mix t he p ure s il
ica w ith s olub le g lass t o a
s am aterial f or m aking a g r
ea t m any
wh
ich n o w ater h a
s b een a dded , u n
til i t a
rt
icles. B roken p a rt
s a re s om et
im es c e
-
f
orms a c r
eamy p aste. App ly q uick ly. m
en ted with af orm o fg lue, m ade by m el
t-
Th
is f orm s av ery h ard c em en t, s uitab le i
ng g e
lat
ine i n suficient g lac
ial a cet
ic a c
id
f
or r epairing a nd f il
ling i n h oles, c rack s, t
o c ov
er i tb y m ean s o f gentle h eat
, a f
ter
s
eams i n m arble, s t
on e
, a nd w ood , a lso f
i
rsts t
anding f or 2 4 h ours i nthe cold. T h
is
g
las
s a nd a lmo st a ny p lace w h ere ah ard c
em ent, while st
rong , i sno t waterp roof
. A
b
et
t er cem ent, and o ne that w i
ll w ithstand
s
t
one- like c em en t isn eed ed.
t
he a c
tion o f w ater, c an b e m ade b y di
s-
s
o
lving s mall cuttingso fc e
lluloid i nacetone
t
o t h
e consistency o f at h
ick s yrup. A f
ter
AN AC
ID-PROOF CEMENT
.
a
pplying t h
is solution t o t he parts t h
at are
Acement w
hich i
sproo
f aga
inst b
oi
ling t
ob e unit
ed t he w ork m ustb ep la
ced u nder
a
c
ids may b
e made f
r
om I nd
ia ru
bber
, ta
l- p
re
s sure a nd l e
ft f or s ome t i
me u nt
il the
l
ow
, lime a
nd r
ed l
e
ad. c
em ent isq u
ite h ard.

"
Al
 C
ompo
sit
ion
sofa
lki
nds
.
COMPOS
ITION OF ALL K
INDS
. White
, 1—C ry
stalgl
ass
,30par
ts;st
annic
o
x
ide, 6p a
rts
; borax
, 6part
s; a
r
sen
ic ac
id,
1
.F l
exibleInsul ating Mass. —For
ty part
s 2par
ts.
o
f Shel
lac; 40 p arts of dry
, f i
ne
ly pulver
-
i
z
ed A sbes
tos
, F lax C otton, Wood o r Wh
ite
, 2—Cr ys
tal g
la
ss, 3
0 par
ts; s
o
di-
P
aper; 25 p a
rts o f Wood T ar; 1
3/4 par
t u
m ant
imonat
e, 10 pa
rts
. T he g
la
ss u
sed
o
f Parafine
. M ix t oge
ther in av e
ssel at f
o
r th
is on
e m u
st be fr
ee fr
om lead
.
3
00 to2 00 degs. F .
2
.G utta Percha C omposi
tion
. —Six par
ts
o
f G ut
ta P er
cha ; 2p arts of Bone Du s
t; A SUBST
ITUTE FOR W AX COMPOUND
.
1pa
r t ofPipe Cl ay.
'
When w ax compound h as gone up fr
om
3
.I nsulating C ompound. —On e part of 2
0 to40 cents apound itisnot easy f
or t
he
S
tockholm T ar; 1p art Resin; 3 p arts of "
l
ean-pocketbook e xpe
rimenter" t o en
case
Gutt
a P e
rcha . l
a
rge high frequ
en cy c
oi
ls inthe same
. B e-
4
. C ompo si
tion f or Mou lding s
, Fram e
s, l
ow is ath
o roughly tr
ied ou
t syst
em w hich
E
tc. —Tw e
lv e p a
r t
s o f Wh iting; 6p a
rts i
sguarant
eed t ow o
rk w e
ll
.
o
f fi
n e s
i
f ted S awdu st; 13/
2 p art
s of L in- Thoro ly s he
l lac t he c o
il t hree t im
es
s
e
ed O il Cake. K nead th
is m ass to ap a
ste w
ith o rang e s hel
la c
. L et e a
ch c oat dry
w
ith as t
rong s olution ofglue. w
ell, and w hen t he l a
st one isr eady rub
5
.A nother. —E ight part
s o f P ulverized w
ell w ith linseed o i
l, plac
e i n as nug box
L
itharge; 1 6 par
ts o f White L ead; 2p a
rts a
nd p our am ixtur e ofp l
aster of par
i s a
nd
o
f fine Sawdu s
t ; 2 0 par
ts o f Plas
t er of wat
er ( th
ick) i n
to t he box, so t h
at iti s
P
aris
. S tir t h
ese i ngr
edi
en ts into 26 p a
rts t
horoly e ncased. Wh en h ard itm ay be
o
f glue d i
ssolved i n suf
icient w a
ter. l
e
ft i n abox o rt aken out and po
lished with
o
i
ls a nd varnishe s
. T hi
s i d
ea, i
ff o
llowed
o
ut c orrec
tly, m akes an eat and c ompact
REC
IPES FOR J
E WELERS
' ENAMELS
. a
nd t ru
ly i nvulnerab le co
il
.
Melt t ogether t he c ombina t
ion s ofm at
e-
r
i
als a s given b elow t o m ake t he v a
rious
c
o
lo rs of e nam el. P or
tion s by w eight. S
TENC
ILS FOR CHEM
ISTRY S
TUDENTS
.
Transpa rent R ed. —Ca s s
iu s gold p urple
, A
ll s tudents of chemistry
, w h ether they
6
5 p a
rts; c rystal g lass
, 3 0 p arts
; b orax, 4 a
t
tend ar e
sident
ial school or no
t, h ave un-
p
arts. d
oubtedly o f
ten wished f or som e f o
rm o f
Transpa ren t B lu e —C rystal g l
ass
, 3 4 t
r
anspar ent s t
enc
il w ith w hich t hey could
p
arts; b orax, 6p ar
ts; c o
ba l
t o xide, 4p art
s. a
r
tis
tically, yet r
apidly draw d i
ag ram s; and
Dark B lue —C rystal g lass, 3 0 p ar
ts; e
s
pecial
ly s ect
ional diagram s of the v a
rious
b
orax , 6p arts; c obalt oxide, 4p arts; bone f
l
ask
s, t e
s t tube
s a nd r e
torts used i n such
b
l
ack , 4p arts; a r
senic a c
id, 2p arts
. w
ork.
Transpa ren t G reen —Cr ystal g las
s, 8 0 S
uch s t
enc
ils have r e
cently been b r
ought
p
arts ; cupric o xide, 4p arts; b orax, 4p arts
. o
ut by an Engli
sh s c
ient
ifich ouse
, a nd th
ey
Dark G r
e en —C rystal g lass
, 3 0 p ar
ts; a
re des
c r
ibed herewith. T hi
s e xcel
lent se
t
b
orax , 8p a rts; c upric oxide, 4p arts; bone o
f s
tencils
, w h
ich h ave b e
en a pproved and
b
l
a ck, 4p arts; a r
senic a c
id, 2p arts
. p
ermitted to be u sed b y studen t
s t ak
ing
B
lack —C ry stal g l
ass
, 3 0 p arts; borax, 8 c
hemistry in Engli
sh s chools and c ol
leges
,
p
arts ; cupric o xide, 4p arts; f e
rric o x
ide, h
ave been of
icia
lly a ppr
ov ed by t h
e facul
ty
3p a r
ts; c o
ba l
t o xide, 4p art
s, m anganic o
f th
e U niv
ersi
ty o f L ondon a nd a l
so by
o
x
ide , 4p arts. t
he Indian Education a uthor
ities
.
8
 CO MPOSITIONS OF ALL K
INDS
. 9

Undoub tedly, i n
structors i nc hemistry in R
ece
ipt N
o. 3
.—D
isso
lve 4o
unc
es o
f
h
igh-schools a nd c ol
leges w ill b e p
leased to g
e
lat
in i
none p
i
nt o
f c
o
ld w
ate
r; t
h
en a
dd
h
av e their studen ts obtain s uch s t
enc
i ls
, as
t
hee x amination p apersw il
l th en le
nd t h
em - o
ne p
i
nt o
f g
l
yce
rin
. P
our i
n
to a d
oub
le
s
e
lv es t o am uch q uick er p erusal b y the b
o
ile
r, a
nd w
hen i
tcom
es t
o ab
o
il p
our
t
e
a chers. Mo reov er
, t hey h e
lp t he student i
n
to y
our p
an
.
t
o k eep f i
r
s t
-clas s notes i n his data b ook
a
nd n ot a m ixture o f h a
rum -scarum I
f b
ubb
les a
ppear o
n t
h
e s
u
rfa
ce, g
en
tly
s
k
e tches, which a r
e often s op oorly ex
ecu ted d
raw a
n e
dge o
f as
h
eet o
f w
rit
ing p
ape
r
t
hat t h
ey are a bsolutely u nintell
igible w hen o
ver t
h
e s
u
rfa
ce b
e
for
e i
tco
ols
. T
his w
il
l
r
e
f erred t o at som e f u
tu re da te
.
r
emov
e t
h
em.
G
ene
ral d
i
rec
tion
s f
o
r u
s
e. —U
se n
oth
-
i
n
g b
u
t u
nglaz
ed p
ape
r, w
hich c
an b
e p
ur
-
HEKTOGRAPHS
.
c
ha
sed a
tany s
t
ore w
her
e t
y
pew
rit
er p
aper
Wha t a re they, d o you a sk? The C en-
i
sso
ld. I
n o
rde
ring
, b
e s
u
re t
o s
t
ate t
h
at
t
ury D ictionary d ef
ines i ta s fo
llow s: " A
c
opying p r
oc e
ss i n w h
ich t he w ri
ting o r y
ou w
ish t
ous
e i
tfo
r h
ektog
raphy
.
d
raw ing t o be c o
pied i sm ade o n s mooth U
se h
ekt
ograph i
n
k a
nd a c
o
ars
e s
t
ub
p
aper i n a n
iline i nk, a nd i st h
en p ressed
p
en
. S
e
e t
h
at e
v
ery s
t
rok
e o
f t
h
e p
en
u
pon as l
ab c oated w ith gelatin, tow hich a
l
e
ave
s am
eta
llic l
u
ster w
hen d
ry
, e
l
se t
h
e
p
arto ft he inki st hu
s t r
ansf e
r r
ed, and f r
om
whi
ch a n umb er o f d upl
ica te imp r
essions w
ork w
il
l n
o
t t
a
ke.
c
an b e m ade; a lso, t h
e s pec
ial a ppl
ianc es
, When t
h
e i
n
k i
sdr
y, l
a
y t
h
e f
a
ce o
f t
h
e
c
ol
lectively, bym eanso fw hich t h
is isdone."
s
h
eet w
hich y
ou h
ave w
rit
ten o
r d
rawn
,
The c hance, how ever, i st h
at you d o n ot
d
own o
n t
h
e h
ek
tog
raph; p
r
ess g
en
tly o
ver
want any d ef
inition, b ut m ight l i
ke s ome
d
irections for simpli
fying the process, which t
h
e w
hole s
u
rfa
ce w
ith t
h
e h
and o
r s
o
ft
s
om e t eachers a nd s t
udents w ho w ant a c
l
oth
. A
fte
r f
r
om t
wo t
ofi
ve m
inu
tes (
a
c-
n
umb er o f cop
ies o f te
xt o r draw ing, a r
e c
o
rding t
o h
ow m
any c
op
ies a
r
e d
e
sir
ed)
u
s
ing s uccess
fully. A greeabl
e t o th
is con- g
ent
ly p
e
el t
h
e p
ape
r o
f
.
t
i
ng ency, w e hav e:
F
rom t
h
e i
mpr
ess
ion t
hu
s m
ade
, r
e
pro
-
R
ec e
ip t N o
. I .—Soak a n ounc e o f fi
sh
g
lue i n cold w a
t er
. D rain o f t h
e w ater; d
uce a
l
l t
h
e c
op
ies d
e
sir
ed, l
a
ying o
ne s
h
eet
p
ut t he s o
ftened g lue in
to a doub le b o
iler o
n t
h
e h
ektog
raph a
t at
im
e.
a
nd m el
t i t
, but d o no
t b r
ing i tt o ab oil
. H
ektog
raph i
n
k a
l p
r
epa
red m
ay b
e
Obtain s i
x ounces o f g
lycer
in, w arm i ta nd
b
ough
t, o
r y
our d
rugg
ist w
i
ll p
ut i
tup f
o
i
a
dd i t to the m e
lted g lu
e. A dd a f ew
y
ou
. T
he f
o
llow
ing i
sth
e r
e
ceip
t:
d
rops o f c a
rbo
lic a c
id. M
ix t horoly
a
nd p our i n
to your o
an. A c aram e
l p an I
nk— D
isso
lve o
ne d
ram o
fpurp
le a
n
iline
i
sbest
. i
none o
unc
e o
fwa
ter
.
Re
ceipt N o
. 2.—Add 3 o unce
s o f water T
he h
ektog
raph s
o
lve
s t
h
e s
upp
lem
en-
t
o 1y2 o unces of wh
ite glue. H eat in a
t
a
ry r
e
ading q
ue
stion
. E
ach t
e
ach
er, o
r a
ny
d
ouble boiler un
til g
lue ism el
ted. T h
en
o
ne w
ho d
e
sir
es an
umb
er o
f c
op
ies o
f a
ny
a
dd six o unces of g
l
ycerin and p our into
p
an. I f too hard
, add g l
ycer
in. I f too t
e
xt o
r d
raw
ing
, c
an t
h
us p
r
epa
re a
smany
s
o
ft, add g lue
. a
s n
e
eded
, a
t av
e
ry s
mal
l c
o
st.
1
0 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

ANOTHER FORMULA FOR MAK

ING A S
TILL ANOTHER HEKTOGRAPH
.

HECTOGRAPH
. Ge
lat
in, 1 p art
; G ly c
erin, 4 parts
;
Water
, 2p a
rts
.
As the pr
ice of ag ood pr
inting set i
s
No
. 1.— Ink for s
ame: Me thyl V
io
let, I
u
sual
ly b e
yond t h
e m eans of th
e a v
erag
e
p
ar
t; Wa ter, 7p ar
ts; Alcohol
, 1part
.
e
xper
im ente
r, th
e fol
lowing dev
ice wil
l not
No
. 2.—Ro sa
line
, 2p arts
; Wa ter
, 1 0
b
e found a mi
ss as an ex
cel
lent sub
sti
tute
: par
ts; Alcohol, 1p ar
t.
F
i
rst o
b
tain as
h
allow t
i
n d
i
sh (
t
he c
ov
er
o
f ab
r
ead b
ox w
il
l a
n
swe
r t
h
e p
urpo
se
w
el
l), a
n o
unc
e b
o
ttl
e, a
n o
unc
e o
f g
e
la- S
EAL
ING W AX
.
t
i
ne
, 1o
unc
e o
f b
r
own D
eme
rara s
uga
r,
(Red). T ake 4 p ounds s he
llac
, 1 5/
2
6o
unc
es o
f g
l
ycer
ine a
nd 2y2 o
unc
es o
f p
ound s turpent
in e
, 3p ound s f
i
nest ci
nnabar
b
arium s ulpha te. B reak t he ge
latine in
to and a dd 4 o unces Venetian red
. M ix t h
e
s
ma l
l p i
eces a nd p l
ace i n as a
uce-pan w th w
i ho
le w e
ll t o
gether and m elt over avery
s
l
ow f i
re
. P our i ton at h
ick smooth she
et
3o unces of w at
e r and l e
t thi
s s t
eep over
-
o
fg lass or any other f
la
t s u
rface and make
n
ight. N ext p our int h
e g ly
cerine and heat i
tinto st
icks.
o
ver a f i
re. P ut in t h
e s ugar and le
t i t (Black). T ak e the bes
t black res
in, 3
h
eat until di
ssolv ed. T hen take th
e bar
ium p ound s; b e
eswax, 72 a p ound a nd fine
ly
s
u
lpha te and m ix with 1o unce ofw ate
r i n p
owde red i v
ory black, 1p ound. Me l
t t h
e
as e
parate cup . P our t his in
to the sauce- who
l e t
ogether o
ver a s
l
ow f
i
re a
nd m
ould
i
n
to s t
icks
.
p
an, a nd w h en t horough ly mixed p our it
i
n
to t
h
e f
l
a
t t
i
n d
i
sh (
which s
h
ould b
ewel
c
l
eaned) a
nd t
h
en a
low t
h
ema
sst
oha
rden
. W ATERPROOF COMPOUND
.

Buy some h
ectog
raph ink
, or mak
e i tat S
uet
, 8o unc
es; l
i
nse
ed oi
l, 8o unces
;
h
om e by fi
l
ling an ounce bot
tle with 2 neat
sfoot o i
l
, 1 3/
2 o
unces; l
ampb
lack, 1
o
unce; li
tharge 3/
2 o
unce
. Me l
t togeth
er
d
rachms o f methy
l-v
iolet an
il
ine a nd 2
a
nd st
ir ti
ll co
ld.
d
rachms ofsp
iri
t and di
sso
lve iti
n 1o unc
e
o
fw ate
r. Wr ite o
n apiece o
fpaper what
-
er y
ou wan
t to r
e
produc
e, a
nd p
lac
e t h
e
p
aper
, f
a
ce downward
, on t
he r
ubbe
r-l
ike A FACS
IMILE RUBBER S
TAMP
.

s
u
rfa
ce, r
ubb
ing s
ame g
en
tly o
n t
h
e w
ri
tten T
he fol
lowing i
sas
imp
le me
thod w
here
-
m
att
er. A f
ter o
ne
-hal
f t
oon
e minute
, pul
l b
y a ma
teurs ca
n mak
e the
ir own r
ubb
er
t
h
e p ape
r of
f. Th en t
a
ke ano
the
r p ap
er Z
inc /
Yal
e i
n
i/
3 a
c me echeo
'
a
nd p
r
ess u
pon t
h
e h
ec
tog
raph
, a
nd i
twi
ll
b
e r
e
produc
ed a
smany t
i
mes a
syou r
e
pea
t
t
h
is o
pe
rat
ion
.

T
o c
l
ean t
h
e h
e
ctog
raph w
ash i
tfi
r
st
w
ith w
ater
, m
ixed w
ith a
n e
i
ghth p
a
rt o
f
h
ydroch
lor
ic a
c
id, a
l
so k
nown a
s s
p
ir
it o
f
s
a
lt; t
h
en c
l
ean t
h
esu
rfa
cew
ith p
urew
ate
r.
L
et i
t s
t
and f
o
r 1
2 h
our
s b
e
for
e u
s
ing
a
g
ain
. Mou
ld f
or mak
ing Facs
imi
le Rubber S
ta mp
 COMPOS
ITIONS OF ALL K
INDS
. 1
1

s
t
amp s
. P lace ap i
ece of carbon copy
ing ART
IFIC
IAL I
VORY
.
p
aper face up upon a s moo
th t a
ble
. O n Four par
ts s
ulphur
ic ac
id, 50partsw a
ter
.
t
op o
f this pl
ace api
ece ofpape r a
nd write Mace ra
te pee
led potatoes in th
e s o
lut
ion
t
he des
ir ed name o n same. The d es
ign 3
6 h ours
. D ry the m a
ss betwe
en b l
ott
ing
p
aper a nd sub
ject to grea
t pressure
.
w
il
l t h
en b e found tr
aced u pon th
e back
o
f th
e p aper and wi
ll read backwards
.
Then pl
ace t
he c
arbon pap
er f
ace d
own WAX FOR BOTTLE S
EAL
ING
.
u
pon as mooth p
i
ece of z
i
nc and t
he wri
t- Mix ro
sin o
r c
heap se
al
ing wax wi
th an
i
ng paper al
so f
ace down on th
e carbon e
qual amount o
f b
eeswax in awate
r-ba
th.
p
aper
. D
ip bot
tles i
nhot so
lut
ion and l
a
y on si
de
u
nti
l dry
.
N
ow g o over the reve r
sed nam e on the
b
ack oft h
e paper, ther
eby t ra
cing th
e s ame
d
e
sign u pon the z i
nc. A fte
r t h
is go over REMOV
ING HARD RUBBER S
CRATCHES
.
t
h
e l in
es o n the z i
nc w i
th a n ac
id-proof To remove s
c
ratch
es f
rom h a
rd rubbe
r
p
a
ss ah ea
ted s
o
lder
ing c
opper o
ver at
hick
-
i
n
k, m ade b y mixing e qual par
ts of pyro-
n
e
s s o
f paper l
a
id on t
he surface o
f th
e
g
a
llic ac
id and su
lpha te ofi r
on. When d ry
r
ubber
.
a
pply hydrochlo
ric a c
id t o the fa
ce of the
z
i
nc, a nd aft
er i th as e a
ten deep enough
w
ash o f
f inrunning w a
t er
. BATTERY W AX
.
Ab l
ack w ax for use inplugg
ing up the
A pl
ast
er c a
st ist h
en m ade by pouring t
op o
fd ry cel
ls and coa
ting the t
ops o
fc a
r-
p
l
aster of pari
s, mixed with w ater
, u pon b
onsisc omposed ofparaff
ine
, 8p a
rts; p
i
tch,
t
h
e z i
nc, which isla
id fac
e u p in am ould 1par
t; l ampblack
, 1p art
. H eat t
he com-
s
im
ilartot h
at shown inilustra
tion
. Wh en p
ound a nd s t
i
r u nt
il t h
oroughly mixed.
h
ard remove t he ca
st and t h
e i mpre
ssion Then apply with a brush or di
p the p
arts
w
i
ll be found i nsame. i
nto t
he w arm f l
uid
.
F
or t ho
se w ho ar
e no t e
xpe
rienced at
v
u
lcanizing rubber
, o
r w ho d
o not car
e to
MOULD
ING COMPOS
ITION
.
g
o to t h
e trouble
, they can employ th
e
To produce a c heap c ompos
ition for
f
o
llowing m e
thod : m
oulding fr
am es, ornam en
ts, et
c.
, t a
ke 12
I
ndia r ubber, cut up i n s
mall p
iec
es, is p
ar
ts ofw h
iting, 6p arts o
ff i
ne-
sif
t ed s
aw-
d
i
ssolved i n highly rec
tif
ied sp
iri
ts of tu
r- dust and 1 Y2 p a
rts o f li
nseed o i
l cak
e.
p
ent
ine u ntil s emi
-f
luid. T h
is mixture is K
nead al t o as t
if p a
ste with a s t
rong
s
o
lution o
f glue.
t
h
en p oured i n
to the pla
ster c
as
t, wh
ich has
b
e
en p reviously d us
ted w ith p owdered
g
r
aph i
te. Wh en h a
rd i tisr emov
ed a nd W AX FOR METAL PATTERNS MAK ING
m
oun ted
. PLASTER CASTS .
T
he zi
nc c
an al
so b
e m
ounted ty
pe-h
igh T he fol
low ing i s av ery good w ax f o
r
o
n abl
ock o
fw ood a
nd u
sed in apr
int
ing m
eta l patternm akers u se. R osin, 1p ar
t;
p
r
ess
. b
e
e swax , 1p art; pl
aster o fp ar
is, 1 p arts
.
H
ea t t he w ax a nd r o
sin a nd s t
ir i n th
e
p
l
a s
t er o f pa r
is
, t hen a dd l ampblack t o
m
ake t he desired c o
lor. A pply t h
is w ax
ART
IFIC
IAL AMBER
. w
ith a h eated k nif
e.
After taking a n i mpr e
ssion o f ac as
ting
Di
sso
lve s
hel
lac in an alkal
ine l
ye; th
en w
ith p l
aster o f pari s
, a nd b y p ouring
m
ix w i
th a so
lution o f ch
lorin u
n t
il th
e v
i
n ega r ar
ound t he e dges
, t he p l
aster vil
l
s
h
ellac isen
tire
ly p r
ecipi
tated. \ Vash in l
o
os en sot hat thecast ca n be removed w i
th-
w
ater and hea
t g ent
ly t i
l
l i trun
s c l
ear
. o
ut i n
juring i t
. I fy ou w an t the pl
aster to
I
tc an th
en be molded. s
e
t s low add s ome v i
nega r w h
ile mixing i t
.
1
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

ASPHALT COMPOS
ITION
. m
ixed w ith t he b i
tum en i n am el
ted sta
te
Mineral p
itch, 1pa
rt; bi
tumen , 1 pa
rts; a
l
o ng wi
t h c
lean g
rave
l, a
n d c
onsis
tency i
s
g
i
v en top our i ti n
to m oulds. Th e aspha
lt
p
owd er
ed s t
one o r w ood ashes
, 7p arts
.
i
sd uct
ile, a nd h as elast
icity to e nab
le it,
A
sphalt Ma stic i
scompo s
ed of near
ly pure
w
ith the s mall stones s i
f
ted u pon i t
,to re
-
c
a
rbona te of lime a
nd a bout 9o r 10 per si
st ordinary w ea r
. S un a nd rain do not
c
en
t ofb i
tumen. When i n as
ta
t e o
fp owder af
fect it, wea r a
nd t e
ar d o not seem to in
-
i
tismix ed w
ith abou
t 7p er c
en
t o fbi
tum en jure it
. I ti sal
so am ost exce
llent roof
ing
o
r mineral p
itch. The p owdered as
phalt is m
at e
rial w hen rightly applied.
 G
la
ssa
nd G
l
ass Wo
rking
.
USEFUL GLASS WORK
ING FORMULAS
. 6
.T o Mak e Wind ow G lassSun P roof
.—
1
.G
las
sP ol
ish
ing P
ast
e —Pr
epared c
halk
, P
ulverize gum t r
agacanth a nd le
t i tdis
-
9o
z
.; whit
e bol
e, 72 o
z
.; j
ewel
ers
' rouge
, s
o
lve for 24 hours i
nt he whi
teo fe ggs,wel
l
2 o
3/ z
.; w at
er, 5o z.; al
cohol
, 3o z
. M ix b
eat
en. L ay ac oat of t
hi
s o n th
e w indow
i
n
to ap aste
. T o cl
ean and pol
ish w indows p
anes wi
th as o
ft brush, l
et itdry
, a nd y
ou
o
r m irrors, m o
isten a cloth with a l
coho
l, w
il
l have ac oat
ing t he r
ays ofthe sun can
-
p
lace aq uant
ity of th
e paste a
bou t th
e si
ze n
ot penetrat
e.
o
f ab e
an o n t
he gla
ss and rub o
v er th
e su
r-
f
ace with t he cloth unt
il dry and p owder
CEMENT
ING GLASS TO METALS
.
i
sr emov ed.
2
.T o Cu t Glass Wi thout aD iamond.— (
1) A c em ent of great adhes
ive prop-
G
lass may bec utu nd er w a
ter with ast
rong e
rty
, p art
icularly serv
iceable i n at
tach
ing
p
a
ir o f s
c
issors or s hears. Ma rk the par
t t
he brass mountings on glas
s lamps, asitis
t
hat istob e cu
t a way w ith ah eavy bl
ack u
naf ect
ed b y petro
leum , m ay be prepa
r ed
l
i
ne, th
en si
nk itw ith o ne hand under wa
ter b
y boil
ing 3 p art
s o f ro
sin with 1 part of
a
sd e
ep asy ou can w ithou t i
nt
erfer
ing with c
aust
ic soda and 5p art
s ofw ater
, thusm ak-
y
our view o f t
h e line a nd with the ot
her n
g ak ind ofs o
ap w hich ismixed with one-
h
and use the sc
issors t o cut away the par
t h
alf of it
sw e
igh t o
f plaste
r of par
is. Zinc
t
hat isno
t r equired. whi
te, white le
ad, orp r
ecipi
tated cha
lk m ay
b
e u s
ed i n
stead o f the plas
ter, but wh en
3
. To D r
ill Hol
es in Gla
ss. —Bank t
he t
hey are used the cement will be lo
nger in
s
p
otw i
th aw ad ofput
ty. Mak e ahole i
n
to h
ardening.
t
h
e putty d
own t othe g
la
ss and ofthe s
i
ze
(
2) Ac em ent f
or su
ch p urposes a
sfi
x-
w
anted
. I nto t
h
isp ourmelt
ed lead a
nd t
he i
n
g m etal le
tt e
r s t
o gl
ass window s c
on
sis
ts
p
i
ece wil
l drop o
ut. U se b
roken dr
ill a
nd
o
fcopal varnish 15 pa
rts
, drying oil 5p
arts
,
t
u
rpent
ine.
t
u
rpentine 3p art
s, o
i
lo ft u
rpen t
ine 2part
s,
4
. T o E ngrav e o n G lass. —App ly a t hin l
i
quef
ied m a
rine g l
ue 5p a
rts. Me lt i
n a
c
oating o fw ax t ot heg la
s sw ith g entle he at
. w
aterb a
th a nd add 10partsd ry s
laked l
ime
.
Wh en c o
ol d raw t h
e d esign o n t he w ax (
3) B rass l et
t ers m ay b e s
ecurely fa
st-
w
ith a h ard-poin ted instrum en t s o itp ene- e
ned on g
lassw indow s by the fo
llowing rec
-
t
rates t hrough t o t he g lass
. Apply a n i
p
es : L
itharg e 2p art
s, w hite lead 1 part
,
a
qu eous solution o fh ydrof luoric a c
id t ot he b
o
iled li
nseed o il 3p arts
, g um c opal 1part
.
d
esign w i
th a s o
f t brush. A pp ly s everal M
ix ed ju
st be fore u s
ing t h
is
, f o
rm s aq u
ick
t
ime s to g e
t d eep o ut
lin es. F ina lly w ash d
rying a
nd s ecure c em ent.
t
he a c
id o f a nd r emov e t he w ax b y h e at
.
(
4) One p ound o f shel
lac d i
ssolved in
5
.I mi
tation o f Ground G lass. —A p aint
apint o
fs t
rong m ethyla
t ed spir
it, tow h
ich
f
or i m
itating g round g lass i sm ade b y r ub-
b
ing d own s ome z inc oxid e wi th l i
nseed o i
l i
st o b
e add ed 1 -20 p a
r t of as o
lution of
i
n
dia rubber i nc arbon b i
sulphide.
o
n as lab t o at h
ick c r
eam . A pp ly t o the
g
lass t h
inly a nd s t
ipple w ith as tif b rush. (
5) T ake 2o z
s. o f at h
ick so
lution of
Another m ethod i st he f o
llow ing : P aint g
lue a
nd mix wi th 1o z
. of li
nseed oi
l var
-
t
he g l
ass w ith t he f o
llow ing v a
rnish es: n
i
sh, o
r 3/4 o
z. o f Venice turpen
tine. B oi
l
S
anda rac 1 8 d r
am s
, m astic 4 d ram s
, e ther t
oge
ther
, a g
itat
ing u ntil t h
e mixtur e be
-
2
4 d r
am s, b enzine 6 t o 1 8 o unc es
. T he c
omes as i
nt
ima te a s poss
ible. T he p i
ece
s
more b enzine t he c oa
rser t he g r a
in o f i m
i- c
ement
ed s h
ould b e f a
stened toge
th er fo
r
t
at
ion g l
ass w ill b e
. asp
ace of 4
8 to6 0 hours.
1
3
1
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

(
6) O neo ft h
eb es
tc em en ts fo
ru n
iting The s h
i e
ld s
, o r m e
tal p la
tes, a re c o
a ted
g
lass t
oo ther substanc e
s isp repa red by p ut- w
ith t he a pprop riate p iec es of g la
s s
, a re
l
a
id o n an i r
on p late, heat ed t ot h
e m el
ting
t
i
ng t he b es
t a nd p urest gum a r
abic i n
to a
p
o
in t of t he t i
n. T he p iece o f h ot g la
ss
s
mall q uan t
ity o f w a
t er and l e
aving i tt i
l
l The s h
ields, o r m etal p lat
es, a re c oated
n
ext d ay, w hen i ts hould b e o f t he c on- w
ith a t hick l ayer o f t in; t he
s e, t oge
th er
s
itency o f t r
eacle. C a
lom el ( mercurou s t
ob esoldered i sthen p icked u pw ith f orceps
c
h
lo r
id e o r subchloride ofm er cury) i sth en a
nd i t
s edg e i n
troduc ed u nder t he s urface
a
dded i ns u
itable quan ti
ty, e nough t om ak e o
f t he m elted stratum o f t i
n a nd s lid f or
-
w
ard s o a st oc arry s om e o f the m etal b e
-
ast
icky m ass b e
ing w el
l m ix ed o n ag lass
f
ore i t
,t hus s k
imm ing o f t he oxidized s ur
-
p
late wi th a s p
atula. N o m or
e i st o b e f
ace s o a s to b r
ing c l
ean g la
ss a nd c lean
made t han t hat r e
quired f or i mmedia te m
e tal i n absolute c ontact. N o g l u
e m u
st
u
se
. The c em ent h ardens i n af ew hou r s
, b
e u sed; t he lea
st t r
ace o fo i
l or r es
in w il
l
b
ut iti sw iser tol eave itf o
r ad ay or t wo. s
poil t he o peration. When t he p iece o f
g
lass isf a
irly i np la c
e i ti sp r
essed d own i n
To in
sur e s ucce
ss i tisn ec
essa ry t ouse o nly
o
rd er t o s queeze o ut t he s u
rp lus s o
lde r
.
t
he very b est g um ; infer
ior s or
ts a r
e a bso- I
ti sth
i s sl
iding a ction t hat i n
sur es succe s
s;
l
u
t e
ly u seless
. i
ft he glassw ere tob ed i
rec t
ly pr essed d own
(
7) B efore g l
ass can 1 5e s o
ldered to u
pon t he ti
n s o
lde r n o adhe sion w ould t a
ke
p
lace a ta l f rom t he presen ce of at race o f
m
e tal itm ust be "quicked" u pon t he si
de
o
xide a nd t he ex
i s
t ence o fa n ai
r f i
lm. Th e
t
hat i s t
o b e s o
ldered
. T he " qu
icking"
g
lass, of c ourse
, m u s
t b e p ol
ished a nd p er
-
p
ro c
ess iss i
milar to
, i fnot identica
l w i
th, f
ectly c l
ean.
t
he m ethod o f s i
lv
ering a l ooking g l
ass
.
(
11) B e
esw ax a
nd V
en et
ian tu
rpen
tine
When t h
e g las
s i s" qu
ick ed" i tm ay be
i
nvary
ing p
roport
ion
s, d
epending u
pon c
on-
r
eadily so
ldered t othe m e
tal, using V en
ice s
i
s
tency d
es
ired.
t
urpentine or chlor
ide of z in
c a s af l
ux.
(
8) S i
xty par
ts st
arch, 100 fine
ly pul-
v
er
ized cha
lk are made in
to am ixture wi
th A GOOD GLASS CEMENT
.
e
qual pa
rts of w a
ter and s p
ir
it, a nd the F
orm
tila N
o. 1
.
a
ddi
tion of30 par
ts Venice t
urpentine, t
ak- P
u lver
ized g la
ss, 1 0 p a
rts; p owdered
i
ng ca
re to ag
itate th
e m as
s w ith a st
ick
, f
l
uorspar, 20 par
ts; so
luble si
lica
te ofs o
da,
s
o astoi n
sur
e its homogene
ity. 6
0 pa r
ts. B oth gla
ss and s p
a r must b
e of
f
i
nes
t p owd e
r; t h
e m ixtu
re m us
t b e made
(
9) F our par
ts glue me
lted wi
th the b
y quick st
irring
, a nd w hen i n
corpora
ted,
l
e
ast po
ssible quant
ity of water
, 1p a
rt m
ust b e u
sed a tonce.
V
enic
e turpent
ine will re
s
ist moi
stu-e
.
F
ormu
la N
o. 2
.
(
10) T hat so
lder insome f o
rm a dh e
res Th
isi sused f o
rm ending valuable art
ic l
es
t
og l
ass i
sw el
l k nown and p r
a ct
ised b y t
he o
f gl
ass. As trong s olut
ion o f ge
latine, t o
m
ak e
rs of f i
ct
itious jewelry. T h
es e are w
hich isa dded f or every 5p art
s ofg elatine
m
ade u p of pi
eces o f b
la
ck g l
ass
, cu t and 1par
ts olution a c
id c h
roma te ofl ime
. T he
p
o
lished, and f a
irly so
ldered o n to m e
tal m
ixture b ecom es insoluble inw ater u nder
t
he ac
tion o fl ight
. I n consequenc e of t h
e
p
l
ates. B y breaking one of t h
ese across it
p
ar
tial reduc t
ion o f t he so
lut
ion, c over the
w
il
l a t once be s e
en how s trong t he ad-
s
ur
faces tob e u n
ited a se v
enly a sp o
s s
ible;
h
er
enc e rea
lly i s
. I f th
e w ork has b een p
re
ss t h
em t og
e ther a nd ti
e t h
em. E xpose
w
ell done the pi
eces ofgla
ss d o not fly o
ff
, t
he gl
ass t ot h
e s un af ew h ours
. B o
iling
b
ut are dif
icult to remove ex c
ept in f r
ag- w
ater has n o ef e
ct o n the ox
idized c emen t
,
m
ents. T h
is so
lde r
ing isd one a sfollows: a
nd the fracture can s car
cely be re
cogn ized.
 GLASS AND GLASS WORK
ING
. 1
5

MAK
ING M
IRRORS BY E
LECTR
ICITY
. The b
rok
en t
e
st-
tube w
as l
owe
red i
n
to
A rapid a nd a dm irabl e m ethod f or d e-
t
h
e B
uns
en f
l
ame a
nd t
h
e j
agg
ed e
dge
s,
p
osi t
ing s u
itab le m eta ls o n the s urface o f
g
las s s o as t o produc e m irrors c ons
ists o f w
hen s
o
ft e
nough
, (
s
ti
ll h
e
ld i
nth
e f
l
ame
)
d
ecompo s
ing t he m etal b y m ean s o f ah i
gh
p
ot ential e l
ec tr
ic c urrent. I t i st hus d e
- w
ere p
u
lled o
ut w
ith t
h
e a
i
d o
fan o
rd
ina
ry
s
cr
ibed i n the P hy sika l
ische Z e
i tschrift by p
a
ir o
f p
l
ier
s. Wh
en t
h
e w
all
s s
e
emed
G
. R um el
in.
A m etal p late isp laced i n j uxtapo s
ition t
h
in e
nough
, t
h
e j
a
gged e
dge
s w
ere d
rawn
w
ith t he glass plate w hich i st o r e
ceive t h
e
t
og
ether t
h
ereby c
l
os
ing t
h
e e
nd o
fth
e t
ub
e
c
oa t
ing . Th e t wo p lates a re t hen p laced
f
l
at o n at able b eneath t he receiv er o f an a
s i
n F
ig
. 3
. The h
ea
t w
as c
onc
ent
rat
ed
a
i
r -pump s uitable f or p roduc ing ah igh d e
-
o
n "
b
," F
ig
. 3
, a
nd w
hen s
o
ft e
nough t
h
e
g
re e of v acuum , such, f or e xamp le, as t h
e
r
ota ry m o
lecu lar p ump o f G aede . t
i
p "
a" w
as d
rawn o
ut (
whi
le h
e
ld i
n t
h
e
As mall quan t
ity o fa n inert g as, such a s
h
ydrog en, i s i n
troduc ed i n
to t he v acuum f
l
ame
).
a
nd ah igh po tential c urrent i st hen t urned
o
n b y m eans o f the n egative p ole o f as uit
-
The r
e
sul
t a
ppea
rs a
tFig
. 4
. S
t
il
l h
o
ld-
a
ble s ource o f e l
ect r
ic i
ty, t hi
s p ol
e b eing
a
t
tached t oth e metal p late. Th ir ty seconds i
n
g t
h
e t
ube i
n t
h
e f
l
ame
, t
h
e b
o
ttom w
as
d
ura tion o f t h
is c athod ic f l
ow i ss uf
i c
ient
t
o o b
tain a p rope r
ly s i
lv er
ed m irror. h
ea
ted u
nt
il s
o
ft w
hen i
twa
s q
u
ick
ly r
e
-
Bes
id es si
l ver s uch m etals a s g old, c op
- m
oved
, t
h
e o
pen e
nd p
l
aced t
o t
h
e m
outh
,
p
er, p latinum , n ickel, i ron, p alad ium a nd
i
r
id ium m ay b e e mploy ed. a
nd t
h
e b
r
eath f
o
rced i
n
to i
t
. Th
is w
as
d
one s
e
vera
l t
ime
s u
nt
il t
h
e b
o
ttom a
s
-
REPA
IRING TEST
-TUBES
.
Ave
ry g
ood method o
f r
epa
iring b
rok
en s
umed t
h
e s
hape o
f t
h
at a
t F
ig
. 2
. T
hen
t
e
st
-tub
es i
sdesc
ribed h
erew
ith : i
twa
s a
nnea
led w
ell i
nth
e l
uminou
s f
l
ame
a
nd s
e
t a
s
ide t
o c
oo
l. Th
e r
e
sul
t i
s a
t
e
st
-tub
e t
h
at m
ay b
e u
s
ed f
o
r a
l o
rd
i-
n
ary p
urpo
sesn
otr
e
quir
ing h
ea
t. The t
ube
m
ay a
l
so b
e u
s
ed i
n t
h
e f
l
ame i
fth
e t
i
p o
f
t
h
ick g
l
ass "
d
," F
ig
. 2
,isr
emov
ed w
ith t
h
e
a
i
d o
f ag
r
ind
ing w
hee
l o
r a
n o
i
l-
stone a
nd
t
h
e t
u
be r
e
-hea
ted a
nd a
nnea
led a
ga
in.

The j
aws o
fth
e p
l
ier
s m
ust b
eho
t w
hen
i
tcom
es i
nco
ntac
t w
ith t
h
e h
o
t g
l
ass a
nd
p
r
efe
rab
ly o
ne w
ith n
arrow j
aws a
nd i
n
-
s
u
lat
ed h
and
les
. B
efo
re i
n
troduc
ing t
h
e
b
rok
en t
e
st
-tub
e i
nth
e f
l
ame i
tmu
st b
ewe
ll
h
ea
ted i
nth
e a
i
r a
bov
e t
h
e f
l
ame t
opr
even
t
Ron% Thro w A way Your Broken Test- Tubes
. You
Can Repa ir The m Easi
ly. Just Try I f
u
rthe
r c
r
ack
ing
.
1
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

PENC
ILS FOR WR
ITING ON GLASS
. REMOV
ING GLASS S
TOPPERS
.
S
tear
ic a c
id, 4pts.; m ut
ton -
suet, 3pts
.; T
ake api
ece o
f wood a
bout 1
2 in
ches
w
ax 2 p t
s.; m e
lt to
g e
the r and add 6 par
ts
l
o
ng, 1in
ch wide a
nd y8 i
nch t
h
ick (an
o
f re
ad lead and 1p t
. p ur
if
ied c a
rbonate of
p
ota
ssa, previous
ly t r
i
tu ra
ted t oge
ther; se
t o
rd
ina
ry li
ght ru
ler i
sjus
t t
he t
h
ing
), ho
ld
a
s
ide for an hour in aw arm s i
tuat
ion, st
ir
- t
h
e bot
tle u
pright
, ei
ther o
n t
he b
ench or
r
i
ng f r
equ en
tly; th
en p our into gla
ss tub
es i
n t h
e h and, tap the u nder si
de of the
o
r ho
llow r e
ed s
. s
houlder ofstopper af ew minu
tes w
ith the
e
dge o f t
he pi
ece o
fw ood or r
ule
, f
ir
st one
A GOOD CLEAN
ING SOLUT
ION FOR s
i
de a nd then th
e othe
r, says The Amateur
GLASS WARE
. P
hotogr apher
's We ekly. I t wil
l then be
Agood c l
eaning s o
lution ( c
hrom ic ac
id ) f
ound t hat itisq u
ite e a
sy to r
emove the
m
ay be m ade b y d i
ssolving potassium o r s
t
opp er with the fi
ngers.
s
o
dium c hroma t i n concentrat
ed s ulphuric
a
c
id, un
til as a
tu rated s o
lution re
sults
. A p-
p
ara
tus to b e c l
ean ed s hould be c ove
red
w
ith a t h
in l ay
er o f t his so
lution, and
H
INTS ON DR
ILL
ING GLASS
.
r
i
nsed wi
th w a
t er
.
Dri
lling gl
ass i s adifi
cult propos
it
ion
a
nd v ery few a ma
teurs poss
ess too
ls su
it
-
HO W TO CUT LARGE BOTTLES
.
a
ble for th
is purpos
e. Th e fo
llowing ap-
He
re is a novel way to cut la
rge
p
aratusw il
l d
ri
llh ole
s, v
arying insi
ze f
rom
g
l
ass bo
ttl
es s
o a s t
o make ja
rs. Pro
-
t
he smalle
st u
p t oan in
ch o r mor
e.
c
ure al
arge b
o
ttl
e. Ifthe t
op i
sn o
t l
eve
l
o
r ta
per
s itcan be c
ut b
y the fo
llow
ing F
ir
st p rocure a b r ass t ube the o u
tside
d
iam ete
r o f w h
ich m easu r
e s th
e s ame s i
ze
a
s t h
e d e
sired h ol
e. R evolv e th
is o n t h
e
s
urface of the glas
s, e i
ther b y hand or b e
t-
t
e
r b y m eans o f• asma ll hand d ril
l. Th e
d
r
i l
ling m us
t b e s t
arted b y al
low ing t he
l
ow er end o f th
e t ube t o b e guided b y a
w
ood en block, with ah ole cut i
ni tthe si
ze
o
f t he tube. A fter t h
e t ube h as passed
t
hrough t he glazing t his g u
ide c an be r e
-
m
ov ed. A n exce
llent a brasive for th
is -d
r
ill
i
se mery dust and t urp ent
in e
. I ti san e x
-
c
e
llent i d
ea t o dr
ill f r
om b oth s i
des
, since
t
h
is r
e
sul
ts i
n ac
l
ean
, s
moo
th h
o
le.
A S
i mp
le W ay t
o Cut Of
f Large G
lass Bottles
.
by P
lung
ing a Red
- Hot I
ron I
nto an O
il and
W ater S
olut
ion F i
lling t
he Bott
le Up t
o t
he L
ine
W here t
he Cut Is t
o Be Made
.

ELECTR
IC GLASS J
AR CUTTER
.
m
e ans
: P our w ater in
to b ot
tle with
in 1
i
n
ch o fl i
ne w her
e y ou want to cu
t. T hen P
rocu
re two b
ra
ss o
riron r
ods
, 7in
. lo
ng
s
l
ow ly pou r li
nse
ed o i
l i n up t
o the le
vel b
y 4 i
3
/ n
. d
i
am e
ter
. Flat
ten th
em ou
ts l
ight
-
o
f p roposed cut. Th en a r e
d-hot iron
l
y at b
o
th ends a
nd dr
il
l ho
les
, ju
st l
a
rge
p
lunged v ert
ica
lly i n
to the oi
l wil
l c ause
t
he glas
s t ocra
ck a tt h
e leve
l of th
e li
quid e
nough to p
a
ss abat
tery b
o
lt, 3
4 i
n
. f
r
om
a
nd leave an open t op ja
r. t
h
e ends a
sshown.
 GLASS AND GLASS W ORKING
. 1
7

Notice that a to n
e e nd the ro ds are fl
at- HO W TO CUT GLASS TUBES
.
t
ened f or ab out Y4 i n
. s o th
at t hey can b e A g
ood way t
o c
ut g
la
ss t
ubes w
ith t
h
e
a
lmo st closed. Th e r ods are f a
stened t o
- o
rd
inary g
la
ss cu
tte
r isto b
ore a h
ol
e in
g
ether a t A w i
th a b a
ttery b olt and t wo
n
uts. At h
ird n ut se
rv e
s t o hold the wi re
l
e
ad . T he a rm s should w ork s moothly.
B
a t
t ery bolts a re in
s er
ted a t Ba nd C a nd
apiece ofG erman S i
lver oro ther resi
stan ce
w
ire, c onnect ed a t B, forms al oop and i n
t
urn i sconn ected atC . T he length o fwir e
a
nd s ize rema ins with the experim enter, de-
p
end ing u pon t he c u
rren t available
. N o.
2
2 G erman S i
lver w i
re w il
l s ufice for use
o
n as t
ep down t ransform er o
fa bou t 8v o
lts.
To cut ag la
s s ja
r, g
rip th e in
strument
i
n th
e right hand w ith t
he t wo fi
ngers be
-
t
ween t h
e t wo a rms so that they can be Cutting G
lass Tubes I
s A
lways a Proble m t
o
t
he A mateur
. Here
's a S
i mple Method Us
ing
s
p
read further apart ifn
eces
sary. The l o
op an Ord
inary G
lass Cutter
.
o
fwire isplaced around th
e jar att h
e po
int
y
our w ork bench and fi
t ag l
ass c
utter in
a
tw hich itistob ecut a
nd h e
ld t a
ut. One
i
twith thehandle down,sothatthew heel i
s
l
e
ad from the source ofcurren
t isc onnec
ted
a
bout one e
ighth of an i
nch ab
ove the le
vel
a
tAa nd t h
e o
ther i
she
ld i nthe l
e
ft hand
o
ft h
e bench
. L ay t
he t
ube tobecut a
gainst
a
nd to
uch ed a
tpoin
t Eo n th
e wir
e for a
t
he cut
ting w heel of t
he gla
ss cut
ter and
f
ew seconds
. F
or be
st r e
sul
ts the wire
t
urn with the hand as shown in t
he ilus-
s
hou
ld almost r
ea
ch ar e
d heat
. A fte
r b e-
t
ra
tion. Th is s c
ore
s the gl
ass so t
hat the
t
u
be m
ay b
e e
a
sily b
rok
en w
ith t
h
e h
and
s.

THE W HEEL GLASS -

CUTTER
.

Many e
xper
imen
ter
s h
ave a
t s
ome t
ime
o
r o
t
her o
c
cas
ion t
ocu
t g
l
ass
, a
nd n
o d
oub
t
m
ost o
f t
h
em u
s
e t
h
e w
hee
l-cu
tte
rs, N
vh'i
ch

a
r
e s
o
on t
h
rown a
way a
s o
f n
o u
s
e. P
er
-
h
aps t
h
e f
o
llow
ing t
i
p w
i
ll b
e o
f s
e
rvic
e t
o
t
h
em. Ih
ad o
c
cas
ion t
o c
u
t s
ome g
l
ass a
f
ew d
ays a
go
, a
nd h
ad o
n
ly a
n o
l
d, a
nd
, a
s
It
h
ough
t, w
orn
-ou
t w
hee
l t
o d
o i
twi
th.
An E
lectr
ic G
lass Tube a
nd J
ar Cutter —Current
It
r
ied d
i
pping i
tin ad
rop o
f p
ara
ff
in
, a
nd
I
s Past f
ro m "E" t
o "A"
, Heat
ing Wire
, when w
as a
s
ton
ished t
ofi
nd t
h
at i
tcu
t a
swe
ll a
s
G
lass I
s Wetted n
t t
he Po
int where Wire En-
c
irc
led I
t
. N
v
l
izn n
ew. Ie
xpe
rim
ent
ed w
i
th t
wo o
t
her
s
w
hich Ihad di
scarded, a
nd found t
ha
t they
i
n
g le
ft inpl
a c
e f o
r af ew second
s d
ash a
l
i
t
tle c
old water again
st the heat
ed gl
ass
. c
ut e
qua
lly wel
l. Turpent
ine s
e
em s t
o
A c
l
ean br
eak s h
ould resu
lt. a
nswer th
e same p u
rpose
.
1
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

HO W TO CUT GLASS TUB

ING
. A s
ha
rp, even b
reak o
f the t
ube i
sthe r
e
-
To m any, or r a
ther m ost e xp
erim ente rs
u
l
s
,t
. We h ave t
hus "
cut" of t
he n
eck
s o
f
i
ti s ad if
icu l
t t h
ing t o cut glass tubingl
a
rge bo
ttl
es.)
l
arger t han a h alf in
ch i n d i
am eter. Sizes
u
nde r t h
is can be broken a f
ter b e
ing c ut or AN E FFICIENT PLATE GLASS DR ILL.
n
icked s l
ightly with af i
le
. Th e method e x
-
p
lained h ere ist hat used in m ost chem ical I
n m aking as ta
tic mach
ine, itispre
fer-
a
b
le t o have th
e g l
ass p
lat
es dr
ill
ed in the
l
aborato r
ies
. T o ilustrate
, s ay the tube i s
e
xac
t center toa low pas
sag e o
f t
he sp
indle
a
bou t an inch and ah alf o
r s oi nd i
am et er
.
o
r ax
le, but th
e accompl
ishm ent o
fthis t
ask
The r equir
ed l ength of tubing i sm easu red
o
f
f a nd t h
en a g roove i sc ut around t he
t
ube w ith th e corner of af i
le. T his m ust
b
e rather deep. Th en ap ieceo ff i
lt
er pap er
i
sf o
lded s o ast ob e about t wo inches w ide
a
nd l ong e nough t o go a round t h
e t ube.
The p aper i sthen m o
i s
tened. Th is and a
s
imilar p i
ece a re plac
ed o n e o n each s i
de
o
fth
e g
roov
e, l
e
aving a
bou
t aq
uar
ter o
fan
i
n
ch b
e
twe
en t
h
etwo
. Af
l
ame f
r
om ab
un-
s
e
n b
urn
er o
r b
l
ow p
i
pe i
sth
en a
pp
lied t
o
S
i mp
le Ho me- made Apparatus f
or Drill
ing Holes
t
h
e groove a
nd itw
il
l b
e fo
und tha
t t
h
e i
n P
late Glass f
or Stat
ic Machines
, Etc
.
t
ube b
reak
s e
ven
ly a
l
ong t
h
e fi
le c
u
t. An
-
i
s as tumb ling b l
ock t o th
e a mateur con-
o
t
her me
thod t
h
at c
an b
e us
ed o
n s ma
ller
s
t
ruc tor and e ven d if
icult for tho
se m ore
t
ub
ing
, abou
t h
al
f i
nch i
n di
ame
ter
, i sto
s
k
illed i n w o rkman ship
. H
ow ever
, t he
m
ake acut as d
e
s c
rib
ed a nd t
hen a
pply a
s
imple drill appa ratus shown h er
ewith will
r
ed h
ot p
i
ece o
firon toone s
po
t on t
he c
ut
.
d
o t he t
rick v ery n i
cely and
, w h
ile ali
ttle
p
a
tienc e i sne cessary
, t he exce
llent re
sults
.
P
orme7ed fee-Agee/7 w
ill m or
e t han c omp ensate f
ort hetime a
nd
e
nergy exp ended .
G
roove
F
i rs
t p rocur e aw ooden b ox
, s i
ze ab
ou t
Gem f
l
ibe 1
7" x1 0" x7 " a nd f o
rce out the to
p and
b
ot
tom oft h
e same
, af
ter w h
ich construct a
s
he
lf a
s sh
own . T h
en d ri
ll through b o
th
t
he t
op p
ie
c e and t
his sh
elf ah ole
, size of
wh
ich s
hould be of su
ch a d i
am eter as to
a
low th
e t ube o
f an ord
inary c ur
tain rod
t
orevolve f
ree
ly and n o
t too loo
sely. T ake
Easy W ay t
o Cut G
lass Tub
ing
.
t
he b
rass rod th
at w as in
side o f th
is tu
be,
(A v
ery s
imple m
ethod t
oac
comp
lish t
he
c
ut of api
ece about 6
" i nlength and in
sert
a
bov
e isthe fo
llow
ing: Take at
h
ick pi
ece
o
ne ex
tremity in
to the bor
e o f ac a
rpenter
's
o
f s
t
ring a
nd s
o
ak i
twe
ll i
n a
l
coho
l. T
ie p
lumb bob. T his la
tter should be aslarge
i
tar
ound th
e pa
rt wher
e t
ube istob
e cu
t. a
s p
ossib
le and w eigh at lea
s t one pound.
N
ow ligh
t the s
tr
ing
. T he s
econd i
tex- Now
, s aw o f b o
th e nds of a n o r
dinary
t
i
ngu
ish
es d
a
sh ad
rop o
f c
o
ld w
ate
r o
n i
t
. t
h
read s
p
ool a
nd t
h
en g
l
ue t
og
ethe
r i
nsu
ch
 GLASS AND GLASS W ORK
ING
. 1
9

am ann er a st of orm a p ull ey, a f

ter w hich w
eight oft h
e pl umb b ob isb rough t tobea r
,
f
asten r ig
id ly t ot het opo ft he d ril
l, d i
rect ly g
lue a large thread o r cotton s pool to it
s
u
nde rnea th t he p l umb b ob . To g ive c
enter
. A s the h ole o f the l a
t t
e r ca
n b e
g
rea ter s peed t o t he d ril
l, m ak e al arg er s
e
en t h
rough t he glass
, t h
is w il
l a lso ac
t as
p
ull ey a s s h
own a nd c onn ect t oge
ther b y aguide in dr
illing.
From t ime t o t ime, i n o perating t h
is
mean s o f al eather b e
lt. H ow ev er, t his
d
r
ill, add al i
t
tl e m a
ch ine o i
l t ot he emery
method w ill n ot b e f ound v ery s at
isfac -
i
n order to prov ide a l ubrican t a nd thus
t
ory, a s t he s tre
t ch ing t end ency o f t he p
r
ev ent t h
e g lass f rom c r
ack ing. A
lso
l
eathe r w ill i n as ho rt time c ause t he b elt r
oughen t h
e e nd o f t he dr
i l
l w ith a f i
le
,
t
o s l
ip a nd t hus p r event m otion e nt
irely . s
oa stogiveitas harpera nd t he
r eforebetter
Ab et
t er a nd s i mpler w ay i st om erely h old c
u
t t
ing edge.
t
he b elt a tb oth e nds, f i
t into t he groov e o f
t
he s mal l p ul ley, a nd t hen p ull f orwa rd HO W TO CUT THE TOP OFF A BOTTLE
.
f
i
rst w ith o ne h and a nd t hen t he o th er,
which a c t
ion w i l
l g iv e ac on tinua l alterna t- Cut ap i
ece o f fi
l
ter or blott
ing p aper in
t
wo n a
rrow s trips
, m oist
en s am e a
nd p aste
i
ngc i
r cular m o
tion t ot he d r
i ll.
a
round the bo
tt le
, each piece ofpaper paral-
Wh en e very thing h as b een c omp leted , l
e
l t o th
e o ther, l e
aving b e
tw een t hem a
i
n
s ert t h e r od, t o w hich t he p lumb b ob i s n
arrow space, m arking the place whe r
e y ou
a
t
ta ch ed, i n
to t he drill o r tu be, being c ar e- w
an t t
oc u
t theb o
ttle
. N ow hold t
h eb o
ttle
f
u
l b efor ehand t op our i n as mall q uantity o
ver the fl
am e o f as p
ir
i t lamp a nd t urn
o
f e mery. I n a sm uch a st his s ub
stanc e i s s
l
ow ly so t hat t he b a
re s pace is h eat
ed
d
ificultt og e
ti n al oo sef o
rm ,i tissu ggested e
v
en ly; af
ter a bout am inu t
e t he g
lass will
t
hat t he r eader b uy a f ew s heets of r egu - b
r
eak q ui
te clean a nd w i
ll only need t o be
l
a
r e m e
ry p aper. Th ese s hould f i
r
st b e f
i
l
ed s moothly t o take off the sha
rp e dge s
.
t
o
rn u p i n s ma l
l p i
eces, t hen p ut i n a
m
eta l p o t o r p an a nd f i
na lly s e
t f i
re t o
.
The p ap er w i
ll b urn a way , l e
aving t he HO W TO FROST OR COLOR LAMP BULBS
.
e
m ery g rains, w h
ich c an b e e asi
ly s ep- Dip th
e bu
lb i n ath
in so
lut
ion ofw hi
te
a
rated f r om t hep aper a s
hb ys i
fting t hrough s
he
llac and a
lcohol
, w h
ich g
ive
s it af
ros
ted
af i
ne s train er. F or t he purpo se o f rais
ing a
ppearance
. A dd diamond dyes o
f the de
-
t
he g lass p l
a te u pwa rd s o t hat t he f ull s
i
red shade t
o t h
e solu
tion f
or co
lors
.

s
e
i
g
e
.
 I
nk
s.
I
NK FORMULAS
. 7
. Black S chool I nk :—Ex tract o f log
-
wood, Sp art
s; hot w ater
, 1 80 par
ts. T o t
he
1
. I nk f
or Porce
lain :—C o
lophony re
sin,
s
o
lu t
ion a dd P ota
ssium b i
chroma te
, 1 .
3
2
0 part
s ; Borax, 35 p ar
ts; Alcohol
, 1 50 p
arts; hot w ater, 20 p arts; Hyd rochlor
ic
p
ar
ts; Wa te
r, 250 part
s. N igros
ine insuf- a
c
id, 3 .
5 p ar
ts.
f
i
c
ient q uan
tity
. D
issolve the re
sin a nd 8
. Indel
ible I nk :—Ex tract of l og
,wood,
n
i
gros
ine i n th
e alcohol and the borax in 2
0 p ar
ts; b o
il
ing w a
t er, 280 parts
. A f
ter
t
h
e w a
ter and m ix bo
th s o
lut
ions
. s
o
lu t
ion h as b e
en e fec t
ed, m ix i tw ith a
2
. S tamp ing I nk :— Mang anese p hos- l
i
quid c ompo sed o f solut
ion o f P otass
ium
p
hate
, 3 0 p a r
ts ; Hydro ch
loric a cid
, 6 0 b
i
chr oma te
, 3.5 parts; hot w ater
, 2 0 par
ts;
Hydrochloric a c
id, 8p arts
.
p
arts
; . Anthr acence, 1 5 p a
rt s
; P o
tassium
c
hroma te, 7 .
3 p arts; Gum a caia insuficient
q
uantity; Wa ter, 7 .5 par
ts. D isso
lve t he I
NK RECIPES
.
mangane se p hospat e in t he h ydrochloric Everlasting B l ack. —Tann ic a cid, 1o z.;
a
c
id, m ake am ixtu re o
f the a nthracence, c
rystal g al
lic a c
id, 7 g rs.; s u
lpha te ofi ron,
p
otas
sium c h
roma te a nd w a
ter, a nd shake. 5d rs
.; g um a rabic, 1 00 g rs.; d i
lu te m uria tic
Mix the w hole v igorous
ly, adding suficient a
c
id , Y , oz.; C arbo lic a c
id a nd w ater ( a cid
g
um a c
aia t o m aint a
in su
spen s
ion. 1
0 d r
s.; w ater, 14 p ints) . M ix t he a c
id
a
nd w ater a nd d i
s solv e t he o t her i n gr edi-
3
. Typew r
it
ing I nk :—Transparent so
ap, e
nts t herein. Th is i nk w il n ot f ade.
1pa
rt;G lycer
ine, 4part
s; Wa ter, 1
2p a
rts; Red I nk ( Brigh t) . —D issolv e2 5 pa rts o f
A
lcohol
, 2 5 p art
s; A ni
line d y
e, sufi
cient s
af ron i n5 00 p arts o fw arm g lycerin, t h en
q
uant
ity. D isso
lve the soap in am ixture s
t
ir c ar efully i n 5 00 p arts o f a lcoho l a nd
o
f th
e gly c
erine and w a
ter by a i
d of h
eat, 5
00 p arts a ce
tic a cid. I t i st hen d ilu t ed
a
nd fi
nally t h
e ani
line dye di
ssolved i
n the w
ith 9 ,000 p ar ts ofw ater, t ow hich al i
ttle
a
l
cohol. g
um a rabic m ay b e a dded .
Gold I nk. —F ine b ronze p owd er ism ix ed
4
.R ed T ypew ri
ting Ink :—Bordeaux re d
,
w
ith al i
ttle s ulpha t e o fp ota sh a nd w ate r;
1part; A ni
line r e
d, 15 parts; Oelic ac
id,
t
he p recipita te i sm ixed w i th w ater a nd a
4
5 parts
; C astor oi
l, suf
ic
ient quan t
ity
, a p
-
s
ufi c
ien t a moun t o f g um .
p
roximately 1,000 par
ts. T he co
loring mat-
t
e
rs are tr
iturated with th
e oel
ic ac
id. Th e Green I nk . —Rub 3d rs. o fP russian b lue
c
a
storo i
li sthen added and th
ew ho
l e h
eated a
nd 6 d rs
. g ambog e w ith 4 o zs. m ucilag e
a
t 100 to 10 d egree
s, under cons
t ant ag
i- a
nd ap int o fw ate r
.
t
a
tion. S
ilver I nk. —S ilv er l e
af g round w i th a
l
i
ttle s ulfate o f p ota sh i sw a
sh ed f rom t he
5
. Red C opy
ing I nk :—Extrac
t o f lo
g- s
a
l t a nd m ixed w ith w ater a nd a s ma ll
wood, SO p a
rts; Wa ter
, 1,
000 parts
. D is- amoun t o fg um a cacia.
s
o
lv e with t he ai
d o f heat under con
stant
Wh ite I nk. —T ritu ra te t ogeth er on e p art
s
t
irring and a dd P otass
ium b i
chromate, 10
h
oney a nd t wo p arts o f d ry a mmon ia a lum .
p
arts. A fter so
lution i sef
fec
ted add nit
ric
Dry t horough ly a nd c a
lcine i n as h al
low
a
c
id, 3 0 p ar
ts. A f
t er sh
aking thoroughly
d
i
sh o ver af ir
e u n
t il pe rfectly w hite. C oo l,
a
dd t othicken dextrin, 60 pa
rts; wate
r, 60
wash, r ub u p w ith s uficien t g um a nd a dd
p
arts; sa
licyl
ic ac
id , 1.5 p
art.
w
a ter f or u se asi n k
.
6
. Univ
e r
sal Ink :
—Extract o
f logwood
, Vanishing I nk. —Th is i n
k c onsists o f a n
1
6 par
ts; H ot Water
, 200 par
ts. T o th
e a
qu eous s olu t
ion o f i od
id e o fs tarch. C ha r-
s
o
lut
ion add C hrome al
um , 16 pa
rts; Po
- a
c
t ers w r
itt en w ith i tc omp l etely v ani sh i n
t
a
ss
ium c hromate
, 660 p
a r
ts. a
bou t f our w eeks.
2
0
 I
NKS
. 2
1

GOOD I
NK FORMULAE
. D
. Wi th a w eak solu
tion o f ni
trat of
m
e rcury ( Black).
Th ese t wo f ormu lae obta
in ed t hrough I
nvi
sib
le i n
k:
o
r
igina l e xp er
im en ts, have b een f ound t o
p
roduc e exc e
llent i nks. The i ngredients ar
e A
. Wr i te w i
th p ure di
lu t
e t i
ncture of
e
as
ily o btain ed and a tli
ttle expense. R a
in i
r
on a nd d evelop w ith a b lo
tter
water m ay b e u sed i n pl
ace o f d is
til
led m
ois t
en ed w i
th s t
rong t ea.
water t hus r emov ing t h
e n eed of h aving B
. Lin seed o il 1part
a
ny c h
em ica l appara tus. Th e r e
sul
ting i nk
s Ammon ia 2
0 p ar
ts
a
re e a
ch o f ab eau tiful co
lor, m ak e ap er
- Wa ter 1
00 p ar
ts
manent r ecord, fl
ow e a
si
ly, and d o not cor
- Mix w ell b efore using.
r
ode t he p ens. T he b l
ue i n
k c an b e u
sed V
anish
ing i nk:
s
uccessfully a nd saf ely in th
e m ost d e
lica
te To mak e a n i nk black at the t ime but
o
f f o
un tain p ens
. t
h
at will disapp ear i n 24 hours: B o
il n u
t-
g
a
lls in alcohol, a dd c opper sulphate a nd
B
lueI nk :—Dis
solve o
ne o
unce ofsoluble
s
a
l a mmoniac , let cool and t h
en d i
ssolve a
p
rus
sian blue i
no ne q
uart o
f co
ld dis
tilled
l
i
t
tle gum i n it
.
(
ra
in) w ate
r. Add to th
is solu
tion, 5
g
rams of oxa
lic a
c
id. Th en fi
l
ter th
e solu-
t
i
on through fi
l
ter or b
l
ott
ing paper
.
BLUE I
NK FOR U
SE ON GLASS
.
B
lack I nk : —Dissolve one o unc
e of e x
-
A blue f l
uid for w r
iting on gl
ass w hich
t
r
act of l ogwood i n one quart of boi
ling
w
ater. Wh en cold, a dd one
-fourth ounce i
snot attacked by w ater ismade a
sf o
llow s:
B
leached S hellac
, 10 parts;'Ven
ice Tu rpen-
o
f pota
ssium b ichroma t e a
nd o ne gr
am o f
t
i
ne, 5p arts; Oil of t u
rpent
ine, 15 p a
rts;
s
o
dium c arbonate
. The a dd
ition of o ne
-
P
owd ered I ndigo, 5p a
rts. M ix t
hes hel
lac,
f
ou
rth o unce of prussian blue improves th
e
o
i
l of t urpentine
, a nd p l
ace in w
ater b ath
s
o
lution
. Th i
s i n
k w ill c
ost a
bou t 5cents
. u
nder gen t
le h ea
t until so
lut
ion take
s p l
ac e
.
Then a dd th e in
digo.

A FE W USEFUL I
NK FORMULAS
. I
NK PO WDER
.

B
lue i
n k
: A good ink p
owd er to be th
inned with
3parts Pruss
ian blue
. wa
ter c a
n b e made f r
om t he fo
llowing:
1part Oxalic a
c
id. Malach
ite Green Crys
tals, o
ne par
t; Fuch-
3
0 parts wa
ter. s
i
ne,o n
e par
t;L ump G um Arab
ic, one p
art
.
Wh
en di
ssolved add 1par
t o f g
um a
r
abic
. The G um A rab
ic s hould be part
ly p u
l-
G
reen i
nk
: Sap gre
en d
i
sso
lved i
n v
e
ry v
er
ized.
w
eak alum wa
ter
.
Agood i
nk e
ra
ser
: I
NK REC
IPES
.
A
. O xalic a c
id m ixed w ith c i
tric a c
id
(
1) B lack Wr it
ing I nk
. —Tak e 6o unces
may b e u sed.
o
f t h
e b est gallnuts and p ound them i n a
B
. Equa l parts o fc r
eam o f t a
rtar a nd m
or tar o r o therwise
. T ake 4o unces of
c
i
tric a c
id i n so
lution w ith w a
t er
. l
ogwood a nd l et itb e cut o r gr
ound i n
to
I
nks t
ha t a ppear t hrough h eat: v
ery s mall p iece
s; t hese, m ixed w ith 4
A
. Aw eak s o
lu t
ion o fn i
trat ofc opper; q
uar t
s o f r a
in w ater
, m ust be b oi
led t o
-
when h eated i tbecome s ( Red) . g
ether u n
til h a
lf d iminished. T hen t a
ke
B
. Wi th a s olut
ion o f su
lphuric a c
id 2o unces o f copperas m ad e in
to a p owde r
,
(Black) . a
nd 3 o unc e
s o f gum a rabic; le
t t h
ese be
C
. Wi th l emon , onion, leek, c a
bbag e a
l
so m ixed a nd s t
rained t h
rough a l i
nen
o
r m ilk a nd w ill b e vis
ible w hen c
l
o th. A fter t h
is mixture h as st
ood a f ew
p
ap er i sh e a
ted. h
our s itm ay b e w r
itten w ith.
2
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

(
2) G reen Wr iting I nk. —D isso lv e 1 Hea
t s hould be appli
ed u nt
il the sub
-
o
unce o f H offman' s Perman en t Ma la chite s
t
ance isdi
ssolved. After itisc
ool
ed potas
-
Gr
een i n 1g al
lon o fh ot water; add al i
ttle s
i
um c hromat e sh
ould be added, un
til th
e
g
al
l a nd alcohol. R edu ce with c o
ld w a
t er d
e
sired sh
ade i sat
tain
ed. F rom 2 to 3c .
c
.
t
o the required s h
ad e. i
susual
ly s ufi
cient
. A l i
tt
le gum a r
abic
,
(3) Sympa th e
tic Ink. —An o rd
inary s o
lu - o
r g
elat
ine, m ay be d
is
solved in t
he matte
r
t
i
on o f gum c ampho r inw h
isk ey iss a
id t o t
ogive i
t agood cons
ist
ency, or "
body
."
b
e ap e
rmanen t a nd e xce
llent s ympa th etic I
f th
is me
thod i sf o
llowed the so
lut
ion
i
nk
. Th e w r
iting m u
st be done q uickly , as s
h
ould then be f
i
lt
e r
ed t h
rough si
lk
. Th i
s
t
he fi
rst le
tters of aw ord hav e di
sapp eared f
i
n
ishes th
e f
luid
, and iti sre
ady fo
r use
.
b
y the time t he la
st a re written. D ipp ing F
or U
ser
s o
f F
oun
tain P
ens
.
t
he paper i nw a
ter b r
ings i to ut di
stin ctly,
Th
ere isalways agreat dif
iculty inun-
a
nd i t becom es i nv
isible a ga
in w h
en t he
s
c
rewing a founta
in-p
en f o
r ref
il
ling. Y ou
p
aper isd ried. I tc an be brough t o ut r e
-
w
il
l f i
nd, however
, t h
at if the threaded
p
eatedly wi thout a fecting i t
s v i
vidne ss.
p
i
ece of th
e pen issl
ightly gr
eased with a
S
ILVER AND GOLD I
NK. l
i
t
tle va
sel
ine the p
a r
ts w
ill u
n sc
rew m uch
A b eau t
ifu l gold i nk m ay b e m ade a s e
a
sier
, and t h
e conta
ined in
k c annot le
ak
f
o
llow s: o
u
t, thus el
imina
ting so
il
ed fingers
.
Hon ey a nd g o
ld l eaf, e qua l parts; add
t
urp entine u nt
il the gold i sr educed t o the V
IOLET I
NK.
f
i
ne st p ossible s ta
te o f d i
vision. A gitate
P
rimula Vio
let
, 11 /6 o
unce
. D i
sti
lled
w
ith t h
ir ty p arts hot w ater a nd a l
low t o
b
o
iled water
, 3q ua
rts
. Th is c
an b
e con-
s
e
ttl e; d e cant t he w ater a nd r epeat t he
v
e
rted to copy
ing in
k by a
dding 4 o
unces
w
a shing s everal t im
es a nd f inal
ly d ry t he
g
l
ycer
in.
g
o
ld l e
a f and m ix itwith al i
ttle gum w ater
f
or u s
e. P
r
imu
la v
i
ole
t i
s k
nown a
s H
ofman
s
S
ilver I nk . —Fo r s i
lve r i nk the p rocess v
i
olet
. The f ine
st shade i
sN o
. 6. O th
er
i
st he s am e a s for gold, s ubstitut
ing s i
lver s
h
ade s c
an b
e made from ot
herco
lor
s. A dd
l
e
a f for t h
e g old leaf
. a
bout 5per c
ent al
cohol a
nd 1to 4pe
r cen
t
Lum inou s I nk
. —Th e f o
llow ing i nk is g
l
y c
erin toke
ep.
l
um inou s o r shines int he da rk : P hosphor -
o
us, d
ram , oi
l o f cinnam on , Ya o unce.
I
NK-ERAS
ING B
LOTTER
.
Mix i n av ial, co
rk t i
gh tly a nd heat slowly
u
ntil m ix ed. Take an ordinary s
h e
et of t
hick blot
ting
A letter w r
itten int h
i s i nk can only b e p
ape
r a nd s
teep itse
veral t
imes in aso
lution
r
ead i n ad ark p l
ace, w hen t h
e w ri
ting w ill o
f oxal
ic potassium, and dry. Wh ile the
h
av e the a pp earance off i
re. i
nk sp
ot isst
ill mois
t apply th
e blott
er, and
t
he ink wil
l b e ent
irely removed. I f t
he
A GOOD WR
ITING F
LUID EAS
ILY MADE
. i
nk isd r
y m o
isten and apply t h
e b l
otter
.
A good w
rit
ing f
l
u
id, o
f ari
ch, d
ark
b
l
ack, can b
e p u
t u
p by f
ol
low
ing th
is
I
NK TH
INNER
.
f
o
rmu la:
Two and fo
ur-
tenths grams o
f l
ogwood I
fyour d
rawing i
nk cl
ots o
r g
e
ts lumpy
e
x
tract
, shou
ld be m ix
ed w ith 1
00 cub
ic f
r
om s t
and
ing o p
en, add some aqua
-am-
c
e
ntimete
rsofd i
st
ill
ed w a
ter. m
onia a
nd sh
ake wel
l.
 I
NKS
. 2
3

SYMPATHET
IC I
NKS
. (
9) Boil some g a
ll-nut
s i n a
qua-
forti
s
(
1) R ub Out I
nk. —Th
is ink i
snam ed a
nd t o t
he in
fusion add som e g
um a rab
ic
"
Rub O ut" Ink b
ecau
se i
tc an b
e rubb
ed a
nd al i
t
tle s
ulphuric ac
id. H owever pla
in
t
he ink may be atfi
rs
t, itwil
l en
tire
ly dis
-
o
ut mor
e eas
ily t
han iti
sw r
itt
en wi
th o n
a
ppear fr
om t he pap
er i n afew day
s.
p
aper. T ake common s t
arch a nd di
ssolve
i
t in w ater and t hen a dd s ome i o
din e
.
S
hak e wel
l befor
e u s
ing a nd w r
ite asw ith SYMPATHET
IC I
NKS
.
r
egular ink. Wh en d ry
, i th as ap urple B
elow ar
e g
iven t
h
e f
o
rmu
lœ f
o
r m
aking
c
o
lor a nd can be erased by simply pass
ing s
ympathe
tic i
n
ks:
ac l
ean cloth li
ghtly o v
er t h
e p aper a nd
F
ormu
la No
. 1
.
l
e
av es no tr
ace on the paper
.
Take s
ome p
u re l
im
ej u
ice
, orlemon wi
ll
(
2) A d i
lute so
lution o f s
ulphuric acid d
o
, a nd wri
te with iton apape
r. T hen
w
h en heat issuppl
ied, produces f i
ne black h
ea
t o v
er an a
lcoho
l lamp and t
he wr
iting
c
haract
ers. U se H25 04 (1) P art to H20 w
i
ll com e o
ut b
rown.
(
20 ) par
ts.
F
ormu
la No
. 2
.
(
3) C omb ine ( 1) a
nd ( 2) and y
ou have
D
issolve s
ome s
ulpha
te of i
r
on inwate
r
t
he "di
sappea ring r e
appearing" in
k. U se
a
nd w r
ite wi
th it
. H eat a
nd th
e wr
it
ing
i
nthi
s w ay. F ir
st wri
te on paper w
ith the w
il
l com e o
ut d
ark b
rown orbl
ack.
m
ixture of ( 1) a nd (2). T hen r
ub o u
t.
F
ormu
la No
. 3
The wr
iting i snot tobes e
en any more but
y
ou can i mm ediate
ly caus
e i tto a
ppear by D
isso
lvesomechlo
rateo
fpo
tash i
nwa
ter
.
Wri
te with i
tand h
eat
. The wr
it
ing w
il
l
s
l
ight
ly h eat
ing t h
e paper
.
c
ome out b
rown
.
(
4) If y
ou h
ave no
t any s
ulphuric a
cid
F
ormu
la No
. 4
.
a
thand tomake (
2) with
, u
se lemon ju
ice
o
r a
cet
ic a
cid
, or c
i
tr
ic ac
id o
r a ny ha
rm - For p urp
le i nv
isible i n
k. T ake s ome
l
e
ss a
cid
. s
a
licyla
te o f s o
da a nd d i
ssolve in w a
ter;
d
on't m ake t h
e solution t o
o st
rong, o r i
t
(
5) Ad iluteso
lut
ion ofch
lor
id o
fcopper w
ill tu
rn b rown w here you w r
ite with it
.
u
s
ed f o
r writing i
sinv
is
ible u
nt
il t
he p
aper R
eagent. A bou t 50 p e
r c ent so
lution of
i
sheated
, w hen t
he le
tt
ers ar
e se
en of a t
i
ncture o f i
ron appli
ed w ith ab ru
sh. T he
b
e
au t
ifulyellow, d
i
sappear
ing w
ith t
he h
eat w
rit
ing w ill come out purple.
w
hich deve
lop s t
h
em.
(
6) Weak solu
tions o
f ni
tra
t of si
lver
"HANDY" W ATER P
EN.
a
nd g
old ch
lor
id w hen e
xpo
sed to t
he sun
b
ec
ome da
rk brown and p
urp
le re
spe
ctiv
ely. Take bestq ual
ity vio
le t ani
line, re
duc e to
ath
ick p a
ste with w ate
r, t hen add m uc
ilage
(
7) Potass
ium f e
rrocyanid, o ne part, i
s a
nd m ix t horoughly; app ly t h
e p a
ste t hu
s
d
i
ssolved i n d i
sti
lled w at
er, t wenty-f
ive made t o th
e p en and l e
t i tdry 12 h ours
.
p
ar
t s
. Wh en d ry lay over the w ri
ting a A ny s te
el pen m ay be prepar ed int h
isw ay
.
b
l
otter m o
istened w i
th a d i
lute s o
lut
ion o f D
ir ections f or us
ing: S tart a c
tion b y dip
-
f
e
rric c h
lor
id ( t
incture o f iron w i
l l an- p
ing i nw at
er u p tof i
l
ling . I fp en should
s
wer). b
e' greasy, w et p
oint with t h
e t o
ngue. T o
make t he ink fl
ow t h
ick, d ip to the fi
ll
ing,
(
8) Solut
ion s of c o
balt chlorid o r the i
fw anted t h
in o r pa
le, dip o n
ly t ot h
e e y
e
n
i
tro-chlor
id y ie
ld t rac
ings w hi
ch b ecome of p en a f
ter s t
arting
. A fter u s
ing t hrow
g
r
e en or blue w hen h eat
ed a nd d is
app ear water o ff
, b ut don't w ipe i t
, f o
r i tw il
l
a
ga
in a s th
e p aper cools
. d
ry i n am inu te
.
2
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

AC
ID I
NK ERAD
ICATOR
. The ef
ect ismost myst
erious and b
e
st
r
e
sults a
r
e ob
tained b
y u
sing so
f t p
ape
r a
nd
A
n ink e
rad
ica
tor qu
ite a
sgood a
sth
ose
m
anufa
ctured isgi
ven be
low
: w
rit
ing al
l li
nes b
loat and heavy
.
Magic Paper
.— If s ome p eop
l e don't be
-
Add 10 g ram s of ch
loride of l
ime to 1
l
i
te
r o fw a
ter
; l et th
e so
lution st
and for 2
4 l
i
eve y
o u c
an w
rit
e b
lack l
i
nes wi
t h p
l
ain
h
ours, t
hen strain t h
rough f i
ne cl
oth and water s
how t h
em t h
is e xper
im ent:
a
dd 10 par
ts acetic ac
id toe a
ch 25 pa
rts o
f On ashe
et ofw r
iting p aper rub thi
s mix-
s
o
lution
. t
ur
e— equal par
ts of tann ic ac
id ( powde r)
To er
ase ink, apply with rev
erse e f a
nd o nd ta
nnic a mmonium s u
lpha te thoroughly
apenho
lder, a
nd d r
y w i
th ab lo
tter
. m
ixed
. A f
ter the mixtu r
e h a
s b een rubbed
i
n
to th
e p ap
e r bl
ow of a
l
l remaining p
ar-
t
i
cle
s. Th e paper i
snow ready. Wr ite
FORMULAE FOR I
NVIS
IBLE I
NKS
.
w
ith a c
lean p en
, d
ip i
n wa
ter a nd b
lack
No
. 1 .-20 p art
s w ater
, 1p art sulphuric l
i
nes wi
ll a ppear
.
a
c
id . A dd t he ac
id t o the w ater a nd not
t
h
e w ater tot h
e acid
. U nle
ss c ar
e i staken
t
h
a t t h
is i s done, the h eat d evelop ed by I
NVIS
IBLE I
NK REC
IPES
.

t
h
e d i
ssoc
ia t
ion o f the ac
id m ay b reak the R
ecipe No
. 1.— W rit
ing f
l
uid: 1drachm
v
e
s se
l. U se with a c lean s t
e el pen , and
p
otass
ium i o
did
e; e nough wa
ter to m
ak e 1
w
h en w r
iting i sd r
ied i tw i
ll b ecom e in
-
o
unce. R eagent
: A s t
rong s
olut
ion o
f b i
-
v
i
sible, u nles
s t he pen h a
s s cratch ed the
s
u
r face
. T o r ead
, h old t he p aper f or a c
hlor
id e of mercury; app
ly with a b
ru sh
m
om ent near a r ed-hot s t
ove o r b efore a a
nd t he w
rit
ing will come o
ut red
.
g
a
s f l
am e
. Rec
ipe No. 2.— W r
iting fl
uid
: 1d rachm
N
o. 2
.-1 oz. c
i
tra
te of p
ota
sh, 5oz
. p
otass
ium f e
rrocyan
ide; e nough w ate
r t o
w
ate
r. Mak e ac
ompl
ete s
o
lut
ion and u
s
e m
ak e 1o unce
. R eagent: 1d ra
chm p e
r-
s
ame a
s No
. 1. c
h
lo r
ide; enough w a
ter to m ake 1o unce,
S
ympathet
ic I
nk.
o
r 50 per c
ent so
lut
ion of ti
ncture of i
ron;
a
pply with a brush and t h
e w ri
ting w i
ll
D
issolve chlo
ride o
r n i
trate of c
oba
lt i
n
c
om e ou
t blue
.
w
ater
. Wh en w a
rm ed s l
ight
ly befo
re a
f
i
re the wri
ting wil
l s h
ow; o n expo
sure t
o Rec
ipe No. 3
.— Writ
ing f
l
uid
: 1drachm
m
ois
t a ir itw i
ll di
sappear. c
obalt c
hlor
ide; e
nough wa
ter to m
ake 1
o
unce. R eagen
t: H ea
t, a
nd the w
rit
ing

1 F
INE I
NK AND M AG
IC PAPER
.
w
ill be b
lue
.
A smal
l a mount of a
ca
cia g um added to
F
ine Ink. —Th ise xperim ent ismost e
fec- t
he wr
iting fl
uids wi
ll i
mp rove th
e w r
iting
t
i
ve in ad a
rk r oom. D issolve Y2 te
aspoon-
q
ual
ity
. Numb er one i
sp refer
red because
f
ul of potassium n i
t rat i n al i
ttle water
(
abou /
t 12 t ea
spoon fu l
s) . N ow u se th
is
i
tiseasier to ge
t, the paper isu n
stained
l
i
quid asa n ink, writing o n unglazed paper a
nd the w r
iting can be eras
ed b y simply
a
ny des
ign, m aking b road a nd heavy st
rokes h
ea
ting
.
a
nd b e su
re t o conn ect a l
l li
n e
s. When
t
he paper ist horough ly d ry, apply a li
ght I
NK FOR W R
ITING ON METALS
.
t
ot h
e end o f the w r
i t
ing —pu tting out any
f
l
am e that a ri
ses. I f al
l d i
rections have F
ormu
la:
b
een c a
refully f o
llow ed a g lowing s park Mur
iat
ic Ac
id 1o
z
.
w
ill tr
avel t he le
ng th o f the des
ign. N
itr
ic Ac
id 3
,5o
z
.
 I
NKS
. 2
5

Cov er the portion of t h

e m etal you wish Bu
t i f th
is same p i
ece of pap
er b e il
-
t
ow rit e upon w ith m elted w ax a nd alow l
uminat
ed b y the li
ght o f aG ei
ssl
er o r
t
oc ool
. Wr ite t h
e ins
c r
iption p l
ainly with v
acuum t u
be then t h
e d e
sign or w r
iting
a
ny s harp i n
strum ent t hrough t he w ax to w
ill a
to nce appear asifw r
itt
en or drawn
t
he m etal
. w
ith ab eaut
iful blu
e ink.
Apply the m ixtur e w
ith af eather or r
a g
,
c
ar
efu l
ly f i
ll
ing e ach let
t er
, a nd l e
t itr e
-
m
ain f r
om 1 t o 3 0 minu tes, according to I
NDEL
IBLE I
NK FOR GLASS OR METAL
.
t
h
e d epth d e
sired; a f
ter w hich w ash of
f the B
orax, Io z
.; shel
lac, 2o z.; w ate
r, 1 8
w
ax a nd mix ture
, a nd rub o ver with ali
ttle f
l
uid o z
.; b oi
l in ac overed vessel, a
dd o f
s
weet o i
l top revent further t a
rnish or ru
st. t
h
ick m ucilage, 1oz.; tr
i
turate i twith le
vi-
g
at
ed i ndigo and lampblack q.s .
,tog i
ve it
agood color
. A fte
r 2h ours
' r epose
, dec
an t
f
r
om t h
e d regs and bo
ttle f
or u se
. I tm ay
MAG
IC I
NK REC
IPES
. b
e b ronzed a ft
er b e
ing a ppl
i ed. Res
ists
R
ed I nk. —One d r achm p otassium t hio- m
oisture, chlor
ine, and ac
ids.
c
yana t
e t o o ne
-half o unc e o f w a t
er. R e-
a
gent —On e-half ounc e of ferric c h
lorid e to T
ICKET
ING I
NK.
o
ne o unc e of w ater
. A pply w ith a m op
o
r b rush and w r
iting w ill app ear r ed. D
isso
lv e 1o z. o f gum a rabic i n 6o z.
B
lue Ink. —On e dra chm p o
ta s
sium f erro- w
at er
, and s tra
in; t hi
s i sthe m uci
lage; for
c
yanide t oo ne ounce o fw ater. R eag ent— b
lack color, use d r
op b lack, powd ered
, and
F
ifty p er c en
t s o
lution o f f err
ic c h
lorid e g
round w i th the m ucilage t o extrem e fi
ne-
o
r other f e
rric sa
lts
. n
ess; for b l
ue, ultra-ma rine i su sed in the
B
lue Ink. —One d rachm p otassium f erro- s
ame m ann er; for green, e m
e rald g r
een; for
c
yanide, o t
h erwise call ed r ed p russiate o f wh
it e
, bake w h
ite; f o
r red, v e
rm ilion, l
ake,
p
otash ( no
te, n ot f errocyan ide, w hich i s o
r c armine; f or y el
low , c hrome y el
low .
y
e
llow p russiate of po tash), t o o ne o unc e Wh en g round t oo t h
ick t hey a re th
inned
o
f w ate
r. R
eagent —S trong s olution o f w
ith al i
tt
le w a
ter. A pply tot he c a
rdsw i
th
f
e
r rous sulphate. asmall brush. T he cards m ay bes i
zed wi
th
B
lack I nk. —Tann in ( strong s olution ) at h
in g lue, and a fterward s v a rni
shed, if
i
ti sdes
ired t op reserve them .
f
or t h
e w r
iting s o
lution . R eagen t —V e ry
s
t
rong s o
lution o f fe
r rou s s u
lpha te.
G
lycerine g i
ves the i n
k m ore " body ." I
NDEL
IBLE STENC
IL-PLATE I
NK.
On
e l b
. pre
cip
itate carbonate of i
ron; 1
l
b
. su
lphat e o
f iron; 1 /
.1.lb
s
. a c
etic ac
id.
S
t
ir ove
r af i
re u n
til they combine; then
I
NDIA I
NK.
a
dd 3 l
bs. pr
inte
r's varnish a
nd 2 l b
s. fi
ne
G
rind fine lampb
la ck and ge
lat
ine, sc
ent b
ook i
nk
, a nd s
t
ir unti
l w el
l mixed
. A dd 1
w
ith campho r or m
usk essenc
e and m old in l
b
. of Ethiop
's mineral.
s
t
ick
s. I tc an be i
mp roved by wash
ing t h
e
l
ampblack w i
th a solut
ion of caust
ic soda
a
nd then stra
ining of the so
lut
ion o r dr
y- L
ITHOGRAPH
IC I
NK.
i
ng itout
. V
enic
e t urp
entine 1p a
rt, lampbla
ck 2
p
ar
ts, h
ard t a
l
low s o
ap 6 par
ts, mast
ic in
t
e
ars 8part
s, s
hel
lac 1
2parts
, wax 16p ar
ts;
.
1 FLUORESCENT WR
ITING
. m
elt
, st
ir
, and pour i
tou
t on as l
ab.
I
f we di
sso
lve som e s
u
lphate of qu
inine
i
nw at
er and th
en d raw a d
esign o
r w r
ite
s
ome motto o
r se
ntence o
n ap i
ece o
f w h
ite HORT
ICULTURAL I
NK.
p
ape
r with th
e so
lution a
nd alow itt odry C
opper
, 1p a
rt; d
i
sso
lve inni
tr
ic a
c
id, 1
0
t
he d
rawing or d
es
ign wil
l be ab
solu
tely in
- p
ar
ts, a
nd a dd wat
er, 10 pa
rts; u
s
ed to
v
i
sib
le. w
ri
te on zi
nc, o
r t
i
n lab
els
.
2
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

I
NVIS
IBLE I
NK. o
ut fea
r ofi n
jury t othe li
nes d r
awn i ni nk
,
D
isso
lve equa
l p ar
ts o
f co
pper su
lphate o
r even w a
ter colors
, b u
t pencil m arks and
a
nd a mmonium c h
lorid i
n wat
er unti
l i t d
i
rt w il
l q u
ickly d i
sappear. T he benzine
b
ecomes li
ght g
reen
. When h eated i
tw i
ll e
vaporates almost imm ediat
ely, l e
aving the
t
urn ye
llow. t
r
a c
ing u nharm ed. T he surface, how ever
,
w
ill be somewha t so
ftened a nd s hould be
r
ubbed d own w ith ali
ttle powd ered t a
lc or
DRAFT
ING H
INTS
. c
halk b e
fore d rawing m ore i nk li
n e
s.
Tracings m ay be very read
ily cl
ean ed Always sprinkle cha
lk o r talc on surfac
e
a
nd p encil m arks removed by the us
e o f (
dull s i
de) o f cl
oth, rub i n w i
th f i
ngers
,
b
enzine, a pp
lied w ith a c
ot
ton s wab
. I t a
nd w ipe off before start
ing t o d
r aw i n
k
may ber ubbed free
ly over t
h
e surfa
ce with- l
i
nes.
 L
eath
erP
o
lishe
s, E
tc
.
B
LACK
INGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
. 7
. Wa t
erproof B
lack
ing. — Mel
t fo
gether
1.F rench P ast
e f o
r P aten t Leather.— 3oz
. ofB ee
swax and 3oz. o
fB lack Re
sin;
Take 6d rm. ofP ure Wax , 2o z. of Olive t
hen st
ir i
n 1p t
. o
f Boil
ed Oil. When i t
h
as co
oled ali
ttl
e add 3oz. o
f Oil o
f Tur-
O
il. Th is wax ha
s tob em e
lted in aw ater
p
ent
ine.
b
ath
. M ix thoroughly b y s t
irr
ing ; heat
m
od erately. A dd 72 oz
. of O il o
f T urpen- 8
.R uss
ian Waterpr
oof Boot B
lacking
.—
t
i
ne a nd 3 2 oz
. of Oil ofL avender. The Mel
t 1o z
. ofBee
swax, o
z. o
fSu e
t, 2oz
.
o
f Oliv
e O i
l. A dd y2 oz
. of Lampb l
ack
m
ixtu re will f
orm ap aste
, w hich should be
a
nd st
ir unt
il c
ool
. Wa rm the boots a
nd
p
ut inb ox e
s be
fore itbecom es cool
. A pply a
pp
ly the bl
ack
ing.
w
ith al i
n en ra
g. Av ery good paste
, w hich
9
.L iquid S
hoe B lacking
. -5 o z
. of Ani
-
k
e
ep s the lea
ther so
fta nd res
tor e
s the glos
s.
ma
l C harcoa
l, 4o z. of Mo las
ses, 3% OZ
.
2
.D re
ssing f
or Tan Shoe
s. —Tak
e 1o z
. Swee
t O i
l. T ri
tura te unt
il th
e oi
l istho
r-
o
f Annatto, 1oz. of Gamboge, 1oz. of o
ughly in
corporated, th
en stir i
n3 4 p
int o
f
A
cac
i a
, 2o z. o
f Ca
techu, 2oz
. of Hydro
- V
inegar and 34 p i
nt of Beer Lees
.
c
h
loric Acid
. A dd w a
ter e
nough t
o m ak
e
4
0 ounce
s. 1
0
. F ini
shing B la
cking.—M ix t ogether
3
/
2 o
z. of Gelatine, Y2 oz
. ofI ndigo, 1o z
.
3. P
oli
sh for Tan and R us
set Shoe
s.- o
fL ogwood E xtract
,2 o z
. of Crown S oap
,
1oz. o
f Dark Ye
llow Wax ,3 oz. o
f Oil o
f 8oz. of Softened G lue
, 1q t
. of F inegan
Turpent
ine, 1oz
. ofP alm Oil
, 15 min
. of Heat the w hole over as low fir
e a nd s t
i
r
Oi
l of Mirban
. Me l t th
e wax and oi
l to
- t
i
ll thoroughly m ixed. A pply with a s of
t
g
ether
, a dd the turpent
ine, and, w hen b
rush and polish with aw oo
len c l
oth.
n
early c
ool
, th
e oi
l o
f M irban
.
4.French B oot Blacking
. —D isso
lv e 150
p
arts of Wax a nd 15 parts of Tall
ow i na
L
EATHER PRESERVAT
IVES
.
m
ixture of 200 p arts o f Lins
eed O il
, 2 0
p
arts o
fL itharge, 100 part
s of Mo lass
es a t One hundr ed parts S w
eet Oil, 100 part
s
atemperature of 250 ° F. A f
ter thi
s a dd Mutton S uet
, 2p arts T urpentine. Me l
t
1
03 parts o
fL ampb lack. When c ool di
lute t
oge
th er and a pply t o th
e l e
ather, w h
ich
t
h
e m ixture w i
th 2 80 p ar
ts o f Spi
rits of h
as been suf
iciently w armed so that itwil
l
Turpent
ine, a
nd f i
nally mix with as o
lution l
i
quefy and a bsorb the fa
t. Another formu-
o
f 5p a
rts of G um L ac and 2 par
ts ofA ni
- l
aisa sfol
low s : 10 oz
. Linseed O i
l, 10 oz
.
l
i
ne V i
olet in3 5 parts of Alc
ohol.
Mutton F a
t, 1o z. V enice T urpent
ine
5
. G erman B oot B lacking. — Mel
t t o
- m
elted to
gethe r
. A pply tothe le
atherw hen
g
ether 9 0 p
ar
ts of C erc
sine (or Beeswax )
, d
ry and warm a nd itw i
ll pr
eserve itaga
inst
3
0 parts of Oi
l ofS perma ce
ti, 3
50 parts of w
et or sn
ow .
A
spha l
t V arn
ish. A dd 1 0 p
arts o
f B orax
,
2
0 parts ofLampb l
ack , 10 p
arts o
fP russ
ian
B
lue, 5p a
rts of Nitro-Benzol
. L
IQU
ID J
APAN FOR L
EATHER
.

6
.Se
lf-Shining Black
ing
. —D is
solve 8o z
. Mo
lasse
s, 8l b
s.; lampb
lack, 1l b
.; sw
eet
o
f Gum A rabic i
n 8o z
. o
f bes
t Bl ack Ink; o
i
l 1lb
.; g um arab
ic, 1l b
.; isnglas
s, 1lb
.
a
dd 2 oz
. o f Ol
ive O i
l. M ix t horoughly Mix wel
l i n 32 lb
s. w a
t er; apply he
at;
a
nd th
en a dd 4 oz. of S
trong Vinega r, 3 w
hen cool
, a dd 1 quart a l
cohol ;an ox
's
o
z
. of Brown S ugar, 2oz
. o f Alcohol. g
a
ll w
ill improve it
.
2
7
2
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

W ATERPROOF O
IL-BLACK
ING
. 5
. Wa
terpr
oof Ha
rne
ss P
ast
e. —Pu
t i
n
to
Camph
ene, 1p int; add al
l the I
nd
ia- ag
l
azed v
e
sse
l a
nd m
elt o
ver af
i
re 2
8 o
z
.
r
ubber i
twi
ll di
sso
lve; cur
rie
rs' o
i
l
, 1pi
nt; o
f b
l
ack r
e
sin
, w
hen d
i
sso
lved a
dd 3o
z
. o
f
t
a
llow, 7lb
s
.; lampblack
, 2o z
. M ix t
h
or- B
eeswax
. Wh
en t
h
is i
s m
elt
ed r
emov
e
o
ughly b
y hea
t. f
r
om t
h
e f
i
re a
nd a
dd 72 o
z
. o
f f
i
ne L
amp
-
b
l
ack
, /
12 d
rm. o
fPru
ssian B
lue i
nPowd
er.
TO REMOVE O
IL STA
INS FROM S
t
ir w
ell t
o
gether a
nd a
dd T
urp
ent
ine
,
L
EATHER
.
e
nough t
o f
o
rm a t
h
in p
a
ste
. A
llow t
o
C
over t
he s
pot with Spi
rits ofSa
l-ammo- c
oo
l. A pply w
ith as
p
ong
e a
nd p
o
lish w
ith
n
i
ac; alow ittoa c
t fo
r as hor
t tim
e, cl
ean
- as
oft b
rush.
i
ng w
ith c
lear w a
ter; re
peat unt
il th
e spo
t 6
.Eng
lish B
all B
lack
ing f
o
r Ha
rne
ss.-
-
-
i
sremoved
, t a
king c a
re n o
t t o a
f
fect th
e
1o
z
. o
f L
ard
, 1o
z
. o
f B
eeswax
, 8o
z
. o
f
c
o
lor of t
he leather
.
I
vory B
lack
, 8
.o. o
fSuga
r, 4o
z
. o
f L
in-
s
e
ed O
il
, 2o
z
. o
f Wa
ter
. Me
lt t
h
e w
ax
BLACK
INGS AND POL
ISHES FOR a
nd s
t
ir i
nth
e o
t
her i
n
gred
ien
ts, a
nd w
hen
L
EATHER HARNESSES
, ETC
. c
o
ld r
o
ll i
n
to b
a
lls a
nd u
s
e.
. H
1 arness B
lacking. — Mel
t t o
geth
er 2 7
.Va
sel
ine Ha
rne
ss C
ompo
sit
ion
.-3% o
z
.
o
z
. o f Mutton Su
e t
, 6o z
. o
fB ee
swax. Add o
fPru
ssi
an B
lue i
nPowd
er, 4o
z
. o
fLamp
-
6oz. of Sugar Candy, 2oz. of Sof
t Soap, b
l
ack
, 2o
z
. o
f Mo
las
ses
, 2o
z
. o
f S
of
t
2
3
's o z
. ofL ampblack
, 3/
2 oz. ofPowd er
ed C
ast
ile S
oap
. Wa
rm a
nd m
ix t
o
gethe
r i
n
I
ndigo. M ix t
horoughly and add 74 pint am
ortar
. Th
en a
dd 6 o
z
. o
f V
ase
lin
e, 5
o
f o
i
l o
f t
u
rpen
tin
e.
o
z
. o f Ceres, 3/
2 o z. ofY ellow R esin. Me lt
2. Ha rness B lacking . — Me lt t ogether 4 t ogether a nd a dd s ufi
cien t t urpen tine t o
o
z. of G ela
tin, 3o z. o f G um A rabic, r 4 give p r
oper c o n
sistency. M ix t ho rough ly.
p
int of Wa ter
. A dd w hen d i
sso lv ed 7 o z
.
8
. Oil for F art» a nd T eam Ha rne s s
.—
o
f Mo lasse
s, 5o z
. o f F ine P owd er ed A n i
-
Melt 3l b
. p ure T al
low, b ut d o not h eat it
mal C harcoal
. H eat g ently
, stirring a ll t h
e
t
ime u ntil the compound i sof p rop er c on- u
p t
o a b
o
il; t
he n p
our i
n g
rad uall y 1 l
b
.
s
i
stency w hen cold. Mu st be k ep t c o
rk ed. n
eatsfoot o i
l, a nd s t
ir u nt i
l t h
e m as s is
c
o
ld. I f prope r
ly s t
irred, t he t wo a rticle
s
3. P oli
sh f or C arriag e Ha rne ss. —D is-
w
ill b e
com e t h
o roughly m ix ed a nd t h
e
s
o
lv e 3s t
icks of b lack s ea
ling w ax i n 7 2
g
rease will be s mooth and s oft; i fn ot w el
l
p
int o f Alcohol a nd a pply w ith a s p
ong e
.
s
t
irred, the t a
llow w i
ll gr anu la te
. A dd a
4. F rench B la cking t o R est ore S oil
ed
l
i
t
t l
e b one b l
ack f o
r c o
loring .
Harnes s
. —Tak e 472 l b
. o fS tearine i nt h
in
s
heets
. : Nf
ix w ith 64 l b
. o f T urp entine.
Heat i n aw a
te r b ath , d ur
ing c o n
tinua l
s
t
irring ; then add 3 o z. of A n ima l C har- TO RESTORE SHABBY L EATHER .
c
oal
, p lace the w hole i na nothe r v essel and
Shabby l ea
th er c an b e m uch i mp rov ed
s
t
ir so a st op r
ev ent i t
s c rys
talliza tion. I t
b
y e i
ther L inseed O il or t he w e
ll -bea ten
must b e w armed w hen u s
ing a nd r ubbed
o
n w ith ac l
oth a sq uickly a sp os s
ib le, giv- Whites ofE ggs m ixed w ith s u
itabl e c o
lo r
-
i
ng i t av ery thin c o a
t, a nd w hen n e
a rly ing m atte
r. T h e surface c a n b e b rough t
d
ry p
o
lish w
ith a s
i
lk c
l
oth
. t
o ag
l
oss b
y t
h
e u
s
e o
f as
o
ft d
us
ter
.
 LEATHER POLISHES
, ETC
. 2
9

BR
ILL
IANT FRENCH VARN
ISH FOR i
nt h
in w h
ite shel
la c and p lace on thec ente r
LEATHER
. o
f ap iece of cloth w hich h as been s oaked
Spiri
t o f w ine, p
int; vinega r, 5p ints; i
nb oiled lins
eed o il
. Th en b r
ing t he edge s
o
f th e cl
oth up a round t h e w a
ste a nd t wi
s t
g
um s enegal i np owd er, V2 l b
.; l oa
f s ugar,
6oz
.; p owde red g alls, 2oz.; green c opperas, u
p ' t
i
ght u nti
l t h
e s h e
llac b egins c om ing
4oz. D is
so lve t he gum a nd s ugar i n the t
hrough t he c lo
th. Then r ub t he f i
ber
wat
e r; strain, a nd p ut on as l
ow f i
r e
, b ut f
i
rm ly b ut rapidly w ith a c i
rcular m ot
ion ,
d
on't b o
il; n ow p ut i n t
h e gal
ls, c opperas, a
nd con
tin ue r
ub b
in g u
ntil t
he sh
ellac b
e-
a
nd t he alcoho l; s t
i r wel
l f or fi
v e minu tes; g
ins t
o g
et s
t
ic ky
. D o not s
t
o p wi
t h t
he
s
e
t o ff; a nd w hen n ea r
ly c o o
l, s train c
l
o th r e
st
ing o n t h
e fi
b er a sitisap t tol e
ave
t
hrough f l
anne l, a nd b ottle for u se
. I t i
s a s
po t
. Be
f o
re t
he p
ol
i sh i
s p
ut on t
he f
ib
er
a
pplied w ith a p encil brush. s
hou ld be l e
ft i n aw arm d ry pl ace f o
r a
d
ay o r so toe xpel all m oisture. A fter one
l
ayer h as d r
ied, t he f i
ber m ay b e r ubbed
HO W TO POL ISH HARD F IBER . w
ith f i
ne s t
eel w ool a nd a nother c oat o f
p
olish p ut on. A bou t t hree or f our c oats
Hard f i
be r i su sed to al a
rger e xten t by
amateu r
s i nm aking w ir
el e
ss and e l
ectrical s
hou ld give af ine mirro r-l
ik e pol
ish. Th is
a
ppa ratus, b ut ith as the di
sadvan tage ofa b- i
s t
he way t
he fi
nish is put o
n p
ian os
, e
t
c.,
s
orbing m o
i stur e a nd soon b e
com ing ap oor a
nd i ft h
e experim enter i sc a
reful, he should
i
nsulator. T o o vercome t h
is d if
iculty I be a ble to a t
tain g ood r esults after a f ew
u
sed t he follow ing m e
thod : A f
t er the f i
ber t
r
ia ls
. T o keep t he m oi
s ture out t he f i
ber
h
ad b e
en c ut t o s i
ze, sand-pape red s moo th s
hou ld ofc ourse bec ov ered comp letely w i
th
a
nd a l holes d ri
ll ed, soak ap i
ec e of w aste t
he p ol
ish.
 M
eta
l-C
raf
t.
B
LACK
ING OF METALS
. T
inc tur e o f I ron, 3o z
. o f b est g rade a l
-
c
oho l, 3o z. ofs weets pirits ofn i
tre,1 o z
. o f
(
1 ) D ead B la ck o n B ra ss. —Tak e t wo Blu e V itr iol
, 1 72 pt
. o f d i
stilled o r r ain
p
ar ts o f Hyd roch loricA cid a nd o n e part of w ater a nd m ix t ogether. C lean t he g un
Nitri c A cid. M ix i n ag l
a ss b ottl e and p ut barre l, r emov e a l g rease, t hen c o at f r
e ely
i
n a s m uch p l at
inum f oil a s t he a c
id w i
ll with t he m ixtu re, using a p ie ce of s pong e
.
d
i
s so lve, w hen p laced i n aw a rm s a
nd b a
th. Le t d ry i n ac o ol place f or a bout 1 0 h ou rs;
The s o
lution o bta ined i sC hlor id e o fp lati
- remov e t o aw a rm p l
ace a nd l e
t stand u ntil
n
um . D ip t he a rt
ic l
e, a f
t er c leaning , i n q
uite d r y
. The b arrel m ust b e d ry a nd
t
h
i s s oluton . Th i
s f ormu la i s o f c ourse not s t
icky o r t he r e
sul t w i
ll b e ar e d co
lo r
.
e
xp en sive a s 72 o z. n i
tric a nd 1o z
. h ydro- N ow r ub t h
e b arr e
l f i
rm ly w i th l ard, then
c
hlo ric a cid w ill d i
sso lv e a bou t 3 0 g r. of boil f or a bou t 1 0 m inu tes i n w ate r
, w ipe
p
latinum , b ut al it
tle o f i tw i ll d o ag r
eat thorough ly a nd l e
t c ool
. S crape t or emov e
d
ea l o f w ork. V ery r ecomm endab le f r t
o he d e
ad r ust
, w ip e w i
th ac lean r ag, then
o
pti cal i nstrum en ts. b
egin t he w ho l e p rocess o ver a gain f o
r s i
x
t
imes. Th e b arr e
l r equir e
s s ix c o
at s befo re
(
2 ) D ead B lack o n B rass. —The f o
llow - itc a n b e f i
nished b y o i
ling.
i
ng f ormu la i sm uch c h eap e r a nd m os
tly (
7 ) B l ack P olish f or I ron a nd S teel.—
u
sed f or i ns
ide o f t ubes, i nstrum en ts
, e tc
. Boil t ogeth er 1 5 p arts of o i
l o f turpen t
ine ,
Tak e 1p art o f A lcoho li c S he l
la c V arnish 172 p arts o fs ulphu r. C oat t he article ve ry
a
nd 1 p a rt o f L ampb la ck. M ix a nd t h
in th
in ly w ith t he m ixtu re a nd h eat o ver t he
w
ith e nough a l
c oho l t om ak e i tf l
ow f re
ely fl
ame o f a n a l
coho l lamp .
w
ith t he b rush.
(
8 ) S t ove B lacking ( Pas te). —A v e ry
(
3 ) D ead B la ck o n B ra ss. —A v ery p er
- perman en t c oating i so btained i n m ixing 5
man en t a nd b e au t
ifu l b lack u s ed i n t e p
h arts b la ck l ead, 5p art s b one b lack, 1 0
F
r en ch m anu factu re o fa rm s i so btain ed a s p
arts i ron s ulpha t e
. U s e s uf i
cien t q uan -
f
o
l low s: T ak e as t
rong s olu tion o fN itrate ti
ty o fw a ter t of orm ap as
t e
.
o
fs i
l ver a nd a noth er s o
lu tion o fN itrate o f (
9 ) S tov e B lack ing ( Liqu id )
. —M ix t o
-
Copp er. M ix t he t wo t oge th er a nd pl unge geth er 27 2 p ar t
s o f b one b lack, 27 2 pa rts
t
he b r a
ss i n i t
. R emov e a nd h e at the i n
- ofp ulv eri zed g raph i
te, 5p a rts o f c o
pp era s
,
s
t
rum ente venly u ntil t h
e r equ ir ed b eau t
iful w ater i ns ufici ent q uantity t of o
rm al i
qu id,
s
had e i so btained . c
reamy s ubstan ce
. S
hak e b o
ttle b efo re
(
4 ) B lu e B lack C oating o n B ra s
s. —D i- u
s s
ing . Th is i sa n e xcellent p ol
ish p roduc -
s
o
lv e 7o z. o f c o pper c a rb ona te i n 1 7
2 q t
. i
ng a je
t b
la ck e
nam el a
d h erent t
o t
he
o
f v ery s t
rong a mmon ia. D i lut e t he s o
lu- ir
on .
t
i
on w ith 1q ua rt o fr ain w ater a nd d ip t h
e (
10 ) B lack f or G ra t
es. —The B e
r lin
a
rticle i ni t. s
tove g rat e m ake rs use t his f ormu la : Me lt
5l b
s. A spha ltum a nd a dd 2 l b
s. o f b o
il ed
(
5 ) Du ll B la ck o n C opp er. —T ak e a oi
l, 1g al
. o f S pirits of T urp en t
ine . M ix
s
o
lu tion o f P latinum c hlor id e a nd d i
lute and a pply w ith ab rush.
s
am e w ith f i
ve t im es i t
s v olum e o fd ist
illed
wat er ( or p u re r a
in w ater ). B rush o ver
t
he c opper a rticle w ith t h
i s s o
lu t
ion a nd BLU ING ( COLOR ING STEEL) .
wh en t horough ly d ry
, r ub o fw i th a n o i
led
Smal l a rt
icl esm ad eo fs tee
la r
e ve ry often
f
l
ann e
l r a g
.
b
lued . A v ery c onvenien t m ethod f or t he
(
6 ) G un Me ta l. —Th e p roc ess f or black- expe rim en t er i st o place t he a r
tic
l es i n a n
i
ng g un b arrels i st he f o
llow ing : T ak e 2 ir
on p an c on
ta ining aq uan tity o fc l
ean d ry
o
z. o f So lution o f N itr ic A cid ; 4o z. of sand o ver af i
re.
3
0
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 3
1

Move t
he pi
eces a
round c
ons
tantly un
til The b
ras
s art
icle i
sla
id i
nthis v
es
sel a
nd
t
he d
es
ired co
lor isach
ieved
, then r
emov e s
o
on a s
sum es i rde
scent ti
nts
. R
emove
a
nd p
lunge i
nto cl
ean o
i
l. Itisv e
ry n
eces- w
hen the des
ired shade i
sobtain
ed; wash
s
a
ry tha
t th
e m etal t
o be c
o
lor
ed i sc
lean. w
ith wat
er a nd dry
.

B
luing G un B arrels
. —D is
solve 4 j2 o z
.
o
f Hypo sulph i
t e ofS oda in 1q t
. of Wa t
e r
.
TO G
IVE S
TEEL A B
LUE
-BLACK COLOR
. A
lso d i
sso
lv e eol,
. z
. o fA cetate ofL ead in
1q t
. o f Wa ter
. M ix the t wo s o
lutions
At ti mes ablue-b
lack c o
lor ispreferable
a
nd b r
ing t o ab oi
l i n as t
one po t
. A fter
t
o ab lue
. Me l
t together in an iron dish
h
aving t horough ly c l
eaned t he barrel coat
1
0 par t
s o f s
al
tpeter and 1p art bl
ack o xid
o
f m ang anes
e, and heat u n
til ap ine shav- w
ith t he h ot s olution, using a p i
ece o f
i
ng thrown o n the su
rface w i
ll catch fi
re. s
ponge t i
ed t o as t
i
ck o f w ood. Wh en
DO NOT ALLO W I T TO BOIL . c
o
lor d eve
lop s, w ash w ith w a
ter, dry w ith
Wire each pieceofw ork and suspend int he apiece of f l
ann el a nd fin
ish w ith B oiled
m
ixtur e
. B e sure th
at each art
icle iscom - L
inseed O il
.
p
le
tely c overed. D o not l e
t them t o
uch
Oxid
izing Si
lver. —Bo
il the ar
tic
le in a
t
he c ontainer at any p oint
. When t he
m
ixture of 5oz
. of Bromine
, 120 gra
ins of
d
es
ired c olor isobta
ined-,w ash in hot w a-
t
e
r, dry i nclean sawdu s
t and o i
l
. B
rom id
e o f Pota
ssium, 10 oz
. o f Water
,
i
n an earthenware pot for thr
ee t o f
iv
e
m
inutes
. R emove
, dry a
nd pol
ish.
B
luing o f S teel
. —H ea t t h
e s t
eel o ver a
TO COLOR BRASS A STEEL
-BLUE
. f
l
am e o f a l
coho l a nd v a rn i
sh w i
th a m ix -
Di
s solve 3d ram s a nt
imony s u
lf
id a nd 4 t ure ofP russian B lue a nd A lcoholic Shell ac
o
z. c a
lcined s oda i n 1 Y2 p in
t s of w at er
. Varnish. U se at h
in v a rnish. O f cou rse
To t his add 5Y2 d ram s kerme s. F i
lter a nd th
is i so nly a n i mitation o f bluing, and t he
m
ix t h
is solution w ith 5 2 d ram s t arta r
, art
icle h a s tob e l a
cqu ered t om ake itw ear .
1 d r am s sodium h yposulfite a nd 1V2 p i nt
s
o
f w ater. P o
lished s h
e et b rass pla c
ed i n R
eal B luing o f St eel
. —Th is f o
rmu la i s
t
he w arm m ixtu re w i
ll a s
sume as t
eel-b lue used t o b lue r evolver p a rts, vibrators
, s teel
c
olor. k
nives, e tc
. Mix c are fully t o
gether 2 5
p
arts o f T richlorid e ofA ntimony , 2 5 pa rts
o
fF um ing N itric A cid, 5 0 p a
rts o f Hyd r o-
TO G IVE APPEARANCE OF CASE c
hloric A cid. T ie ar ag t o as ti
ck a nd
HARDEN ING . a
pply t he m ix ture f r
eely . A f
t e
r r ubbing
To 2 0 parts w ate r a
dd 1p art nit
ric a cid. the article w ith af l
anne l i tm ay b e pol
ish ed
Imme r se th
e p iece i nthe s o
lu t
ion f or a bou t on ap olishing h ead w i
th ag reen o ak w h eel
3
0 s econd s
, r emov e and w a sh i n cl
ean w a
- u
ntil an ev
e n
, c
lear b
l
u e i
s o
bta
i ned.
t
e
r a nd o i
l
.
Revo lver B arrel B luing .—C lean t he bar -
r
e
l w i th e m ery c loth; r emove a l g reas e
B
LU INGS FOR METALS .
w
ith l ime a nd p oli
sh t he s urface
. T ake
f
i
ne a nd c l
ean w ood a shes i n am uf l
e, p u t
B
lu eF inish. —C lean the a r
ticle very c ar e
-
t
h
e b arr e
l i nt he midd le a nd h eat t h
e m uf le
f
u
l ly. Mak e am ix ture o f 1p a r
t o fN itric
t
o atemp eratur eo fc herr y r ed
. Wi th ap air
A
cid , 1 0 parts o f Wa ter. A pply t he l i
qu id
w
ith as p
ong e u nt
i l ab l
ue f i
lm i sprodu ced. o
f t
on gs, r
em ove t
he a
rticle f
rom t
ime t
o
Wa sh w ith w arm w at
er; d ry w ith af lann el time t o s e
e i f ad ark b lue c an b e obtained
a
nd w ipe w ith L in seed O il. w
hen c ooled i nt he a ir
. When t h
e d es
ir ed
B
luing B rass Like S teel.— Take al eaden c
o
lo r i
s ob
tain ed t
ak e t
he b
arrel ou
t a
n d
v
essel
, p ut i ns ome Hyd roch loric A cid a nd Je
t i tc ool i n t h
e a i
r. F in i
sh w i
th B o
i led
v
ery l i
t
tle o f A rsenic A cid
. O
il and p oli
sh.
3
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Bluing S teel. —A v ery s impl e p rocess i s H eat g radua lly t o t he b oiling p oin t a nd
t
he f ollow ing : Me lt S a l
tpe ter i n an i ron place t h
e o bjec t int he m ixture . The b r as
s
p
ot. C lea n a nd p oli
sh t he s t
eel a rticle a nd article b ec ome s f i
rs t af ine r osy t int, t hen
d
ip i n t he s a
ltp eter u ntil s uff
ident ly b l
ued . green , a nd f i
na lly i r
ide sc ent b rown .
Remov e a nd c ool a t onc e i n P araF ine O i l
.
Wipe w ith a f l
anne l r ag a nd d ry i n saw - Beau t
ifu l G reen ish C olor.— D i
ssolv e 3 0
d
ust. c
f Hy d roc hio rat e o
f -
In
:m o n
i e
, 1
2 0 _
g
r
.
o
f S ulphat e o f C opper i n 1q t
. o f w a
te r
.
B
lu ing S ilrer. —The o xidizing o f si
lv er B oil t he solu tion a nd p u t t he b rass a rt
icles
i
s p roduc ed b y p lacing t he a izide s i n a i n
to i t. The d urat ion o f t he i r e '-ion i s
s
o
lu tion o f L ire:
- o f S ulphur , d i
lu ted w ith r e
sp on sible f or t he i n
ten sity c f t he s had .
S
piri t
s o f S c! dm inoreiac. Allow t o r e
-
main u nti
l t he d esired d ark b lue- b
lack t one Patir
ia. —To g iv e b rass a rt
icles a n i m
ita-
i
sp roduc ed; : hen w ash i n w ater. d r y d
on o f o ld b ronze , w ith a b eau t
iful c reen
p
atina , use t h e f ol
low in c, m ethod : D issolve
p
olish.
1e z
. o f c oppe r i n 2o z. o f N i
tric a cid, a dd
Durab le B lue o n I ron e nd S teel 1
3 o r. o f o rd inary r inegar , a nd 72 o r
.
Hea t
. —Tak e as t
one p ot a nd mi x to,ez: _
tr J
- r nmon ium c h lorid e. The b rass o bject i s
1p ar t o f a 3ci, 6s
- o
lu t
ion o f R ea
' P rut- placed i n t hi
s m ixtur e f o r a t least 4o r 5
s
i
at e o f P ota sh, 1p art o f ai 2c s o
lution d ay s
. R emov e a fter t his t ime, d ry ca refully
o
f F err ic C hloride. D ip t h e a rt
icles u ntil and w ipe w ith ar ag a nd l inseed o il
.
t
he d esired e t
iect i sp roduc ed. When d ry,
t
he a rticles m ay b e l acqu ered. Red G old C olor ing.— The r ed g old i mi
-
t
at
ion u sed b y t h e F rench w orkmen o n
b
rass a l
-dol e
s i so btained a s f o
llow s: Mix
t
og e
th er 3 0 p arts o f d ium , 3 0 p ar t
s o f
COLORLSGS FOR BRASS . Nitra te o f p otass ium , 3 0 p arts o f R ed
Ochr e, Sp a
rt s o f Z inc , 1p arr o f T able
Fancy C olors.— D issolv e 4o z. o f Hypo-
s
at , 1p art o f S ulpha te o f iron. Th is mi x
-
s
ulph ite o fS oda i n 17-4 p a
s. o f Wa ter, t hen ture i sa pplied w ith a s oft b rush a nd t he
a
dd a s o
lut ion o f 1o z. o f c ce-L e o
.-t f lead art'
.:ie i sp lac ed o v er a c lear c ha rcoal E re
,
i
n 1o z. of w ater. P l ace t he a r
ticle t o be unt.1 t he s a
lts a r
e m elted a nd d r
ied , and t he
c
olored i n t h
e a bov e r o
;x ture, a nd h ea t as
sum e s ab rown a spect. I t i st hen
v
ery s low ly a nd g radua lly t o t he b oi
ling s uiiea lr c ooled i n aw eak s olution o f n i
tric
p
oin t. The b rass a r
ticle s b ecom e s ucces- acid e nd w ater c ontai ning 3 p er c e nt of
s
ively r ed, d eep b lue, b luish w hite a nd Hydr ochlor ic a cid . Wa sh a
fterwa rds
f
ma lly wh ite, w ith a t i
ng e o f pink . a
bundan t
ly i n w a
t er, a nd d ry i n s awdu st
.
S
teel B lue.— Dissolve 3¿ rm s. o f anti
- G
ild
ing Bra s
s.— W ith th
e f ollowing
m
ony s ulphite
, 4o z. o f ca
lcined sode, m
ethod b
ra
ss may b e c
i
lded s
o p
erfect
ly as
p
t
. o f w ater; add 3Y , drm s
. o f K erme s
.
t
o ris
t t
he c
orrosive a
c
tion c
f s
a
rong acid:
F
i
lter a nd rn
;x s
olution with 5i2 ¿ rm s
.
o
f T arter, 1 d r
rn s
. o f Hypoeu iphit
e o f D
isso
lv e Mercury in N i
tri
c J cid and
S
oda, i p t
. of w ater. P oli
sh y our brass d
i
lute with r
a
in w at
er. D ip the artic
le to
a
r
tic
l e
, h eat you
r m ix ture li
c
-htly a nd then b
e c
i
lded i nt
h
is so
lut
ion and immers e a
fte
r-
w
arm , p lace it i
n i t
. The b ras
s a r
t
icle w
ards in aw eak so
lution of C h
lor id
e of
w
il
l t ake a beauti
fu l stee
l b l
ue c o
lor. G
old.

I
r
idescent Br oun Color.— Take t h
e fol
- The p h
ilo
sophy of the act
ion isas fol
-
l
o
N1-i
ng
, and dissolve
: 4oz. of Hyposulphi
te l
ows: The Em o f mercury, wh
ich iselec
-
o
f Soda, 15
,4 p as
. of water
. A dd ro th
is t
r
o-posit
ive togold
, di
ssolvesinthe c
hlor
ide
aso
lut
ion o f 1o z
. of S
ulphate o
fc opper in o
f go
ld s o
lut
ion, and a fi
lm o
f gold i
selec
-
1or
. of to
:ter
. t
r
oIytil ly depo
sited in it
s p
lac
e.
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 3
3

Du
ll B rass
. —The G e rman p roce
ss t o c
a
reful t
oprev
ent f
ormat
ion o
flumps
. A p
-
p
rodu ce an artis
tic dul
l o n bras
s i sv ery p
ly wi
th a ra
g or wa
ste
, and when p
rac
-
e
as
ily obta
ined : M ix t
ogether 1oz. ofI r
on t
i
cal
ly dry r
ub w
ith a
nothe
r ra
g or wa
ste
.
Oxide, 1o z. of w hi
te a r
senic
, 1 2 oz
. o f
Hyd r
ochloric acid
. A pply w i
th a b ru
sh
a
ft
er h av
ing c l
eaned the ar
tic
le thoroughly.
O
il w el
l, dry and la
cquer. BRONZ
ING COMPOS
ITIONS
.

O
range G old C o
lor o n B ras
s. —C l
ean S
i
lver Wh
ite Bronz
ing P owd
er. —M el
t
a
nd poli
sh t h
e object and p
lung e itfo
r l e
ss t
og
ether 1o
z. e
ach
, bi
smu th a
nd ti
n
, t h
en
t
han a m inute in aw arm n eutra
l so
lu t
ion a
dd 1 oz
. q
u
ickene
T, coo
l and p
owde r
.
o
f C ry
stall
ized c o
pper-ace
tate. Th e brass
s
hould b e heated p r
evious
ly t o ad egree G
old C olor
ed B ronze P owder
. —V erdi
-
g
r
is
, 8o zs
.; putty p owder, 4o zs
.; b o
rax
j
ust to
lerabl
e t o t
he touch
.
a
nd ni
trate
, o f each 2 o z
s.; b
ichlor
ide o f
B
ronzing B ras
s. —To b ronz
e ab ra
ss ar
- m
ercury, Y2 oz.; make i
nto apas
te w i
th oi
l
t
i
cle ve
ry q u
ick a nd durab
ly take ast
rong a
nd f
use th
em t ogether
. U sed i
nj a
panning
s
o
lution ofN itra
te o f c
opp
er. B o
il t
he ob
- a
s agold co
lor.
j
e
ct ini t
. Th e s hade tobe a
t
tained va
rie
s
w
ith the le
ngth of b o
il
ing. B
eaut
iful R ed Bronz
e P owd e
r. —Sul
-
p
hate o
f c o
pper
, 100 pa
rts
; c a
rbona
te o f
s
oda
, 60 par
ts; a
pp
ly hea
t unt
il th
ey uni
te
i
n
to am as
s.
BRASS CLEAN
ING PASTE
.
A
ntique B r
onz e Pain
t. —Sa l a mmon iac
,
The f o
llowing m ak
es ag ood cl
eaning 1oz
.; cr
eam o f ta
rta
r, 3o z
.; common s a
lt
,
p
a
ste: R ot
t en St
one, 6oz
.; Oxal
ic Ac
id, 1 6ozs
.; dis
solve in 1p t
. h ot w a
t er; t h
en
o
z
.; e qua
l p ar
ts of Whale Oi
l and S
piri
ts a
dd ni
trat
e ofc opper
, 2o z
s.; di
s solv e i
nV 2
o
f T urpentine suf
ic
ient to mak
e ap aste
. p
t
. of water
; m ix well a
nd a pply i tt o the
a
r
tic
le in ad amp p l
ace with ab ru sh.
A genera
l m etal poli
shing p as
te m ay be
m
ade a s fo
llow s
, t he quan t
ity of t
he p ar
ts B
lue Bronze on Copper
. —C lean a
nd pol-
b
e
ing b y weight: P etroleum Je l
ly (wh i
te), i
s
h well
, then co
ver th
e surface wi
th af l
u
id
9
0 p art
s; K ie
selguhr , 3 0 parts; R ef
ined o
b
tained by d
isso
lving ve
rm il
lion in awarm
P
arafine Wax , 1 0 p
a r
ts; R ef
ined Chalk or s
o
lut
ion o f so
dium, to w h
ich s ome ca
ustic
Whit
ing, 1 0 parts; Sodium Hypopho sphite
, p
o
tash h a
s been added.
8par
ts. Al i
t
tle C i
trone l
le can beadded t o
c
over up d isagreeable o dors and scent t o B
ronze D
ip. —Sa
l a
mmon
iac
, 1oz
.; s
a
lt
p
as
te. o
f so
rre
l (b
inoxola
te o
f p
o
tash)
, Y
i oz
.;
d
i
sso
lved i
nv i
negar
.
Ap o
lish
ing powder m ay be made asfo
l-
Par
isian Br
onz e Dip
.—Sa l a mmon iac
, Y2
l
ows, the quan
tit
ies be
ing by weight: P
utty
o
z
.; c ommon s a
lt, Y o z
.; spir
i t
s o f hart
s-
P
owd er
, 1 4 par
ts; Pipe C lay
, 1 4 par
ts;
h
orn, 1o z
.; dis
solv
ed i n an E ngl
ish q t
. of
K
ieselguhr, 42 pa
rts; Tarta
ric A c
id (pow-
v
inegar
. Ag ood resul
t w i
ll be obtained by
d
ered) , 1 p ar
ts.
a
dding Y o z
. sal ammoniac i n
stead o fspts
.
o
fh art
shorn ;the p
iece of metal w hen w e
ll
c
l
eaned i sto be rubbed with o ne o f the
se
BRASS POL
ISH
. s
o
lu t
ions, t
hen dr
ied by fr
ict
ion w ith af r
esh
b
rush.
Th
is f o
rmu la cons
ists of th
e fo
llow ing:
1
6 lb
. C rude O l
eic Acid, 5l b
. K
ieselguhr, G
reen D
ip.—Wine v
i
negar
, 2q
t. ;v
s erd
i-
4lb
. Tastel
ess Mineral 0 i
1, 1Y2 o
z
. L emon g
r
is
, 2o zs
.; s
a
l ammon
iac
, 1o z
.; s
al
t, 2
O
il. M ix t h
e p owders into a pa
ste a nd o
z
s.; a
lum
, o
z
.; Fr
ench ber
rie
s, 8u
z
s.;
g
radual
ly t h
in with the mixed fl
u
ids, b e
ing b
o
il th
e in
gred
ients t
oge
ther
.
3
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Aguaf
ortis Dip
. —N
itric ac
id, eoz
s.; B
lack D ip f o
r B ra
ss. —Hyd ro chlor
ic
m
uriat
ic ac
id, 1qt
.; s
a
l a mmoniac
, 2o
z
s.; a
c
id ( common ly ca
lled s moking salts), 12
a
l
um , 1o z
.; s
al
t, 2oz
s. l
b
s.; s u
lphate ofir
on, 1l b
.; a nd pure w h
ite
a
r
s enic
, 1l b
. T h
is d ip isused in a l
l the
O
liv
e B ronz e D i
p f or B ra
ss. —Nit
ric
l
a
rg e factor
ies in B
irm ingham , but t he d
ip
a
c
id, 3ozs
.; m uriat
ic ac
id, 2oz
s.; add t
i
tan-
u
sed i nthe London trade is 2ozs
. c o
r ros
ive
i
um or pal
ladium , w hen the metal isdi
s-
s
ublimate, in 1pt
. of the be
st vinegar, cork
s
o
lved add 2 g al
s. pure so
ft water to e
ach
b
oth i n an ai
r-t
ight bottl
e, let i
ts t
and 2 4
p
t
. of the s
olution.
h
ou r
s ; then itisfi
t for use.
B
rown B r onz e Pain t for C opper V essels
.
Quick B r
igh tD ipf orB rass. —U s
e s t
rong
—T in ct. o f s te
el, 4o zs.; spts. of nitre, 4
n
i
t r
ic a c
id i n s uf
i c
ient q uan tity, dip you r
o
zs.; b lue v itriol, 1o z.; w at
er, 72 p t
.; m ix
b
rass i nt hel i
quid f o
r an instan t, wi
thdraw ,
i
n ab ottl e
, a pply i tw ith af i
n e brush, the
a
nd i mm ed
iat e
ly i mm er
se i tf i
rst i n cold
v
essel b eing f ul
l o f boi
ling w ater. V arnish
water, and t h
en i nb o
iling w ater, for as hort
a
f
t er t he a pp lication o f th e b
r onze.
t
ime o n
ly ine ach b a
th, then a l
IoW i ttod ry;
B
ronz e f or A ll Kind s o fIlletal
. — Mu r
i- r
epea t t h
e p rocess ifn ecessary.
a
te o f a mmon ia ( sal a mmon iac), 3d rs
.;
A pp l
icati
on o f B ronze P owd er. —Th e
o
xalic a cid , 1d r
.; v ineg ar, 1p t
.; d i
ssolve
p
rop er w ay ist ovarnish the a r
ticle and th en
t
he o xalic a cid f i
r
st; l e
t t he w ork be c l
ean,
d
ust t he bronze p owde r o v
e r i ta f
ter t he
p
ut o n t he b r onze w ith ab ru sh, repeating
v
arni sh i spartly d ry
.
t
he o per at
ion a s m any t imes a s m ay b e
n
ecessary . Bla ck C olor f o
r B r a
ss Work . — Mak e a
s
t
rong s olut
ion o fn itrate ofs ilver, and n i
t-
Green B ronz e
. —D i s
so lve 2o z
s. n i
trate
r
a
t e o fc opper separately. M ix t h
e t wo t o
-
o
f i r
on, a nd 2 o zs. hypo sulpha te of soda in
g
ether a nd p lung e in the b ra
s s. N ow h eat
1p t
. o f w ate r; i mm erse t he a r
ticle u nt
il
t
he b rass evenly t i
ll the requir ed deg re
e o f
t
he r equ ired s hade i so bta
ined , as a lmost
b
l
ackn ess isa cquired. Unriva lled a s ab e
au -
a
ny s h
ade f rom b rown t o red c an b e ob-
t
i
ful c o
lor o n o pt
ic a
l i n
strum en t
s.
t
a
ined a ccord ing t oth e t ime of imm ersion,
t
hen w ash w ell with w a ter, dry and b rush.
P
ale Deep Oliv
e G reen Bronze
. —Per
-
c
h
loride of i
r
on, 1p ar
t; w a
t e
r, 2p a
rts
. ORMOLU COLOR
ING LACQUERS
, ETC
.
Mix and i
mmer
se the b
rass
. Ormo lu c oloring. —A lum , 3 0 pa
r ts
; ni
t-
Dark G
reen
. —Satu
rate n
itr
ic a
c
id w
ith r
at
e o f p ota
ssa, 3 0 p a
rts; re d ochre, 30
c
opp
er and immer
se the b
ra
ss. p
arts; sulpha te o f z i
nc, 8p a
r t
s; c ommon
s
a
lt, 1p ar t; sulphate o f ir
on, 1p art
. I tis
Dead Black f
or B ra
ss Work. —Rub t he a
ppl
i ed with as o
ft brush. Th e art
icles a
re
s
u
r fa c
e fi
rs
t with tr
ipol
i, t
hen wash itwith p
laced ov er a c l
ear c h
arcoal f i
re until t
he
asolution of 1par
t, neut
ral n
itrat
e of ti
n, s
a
lts, melted a nd d ried, as
sum e ab rown a s
-
w
ith 2 p ar
ts, c
hloride of g
old, afte
r 1 0 p
ect
. Th ey a re t hen s uddenly co o
led in
m
inu tes wipe itoff with a wet cl
oth. n
i
tric a c
id w ater, co n
taining 3 p er cent o
f
Be
st Bronze f
or Bra
ss. —Take 1l b
. of h
ydr och
lo ric a cid, a f
terw ards
, w ashed in
n
i
tric a
cid
, and 72 l
b
. o
fw h
ite a
r
senic
, pu
t a
bundanc e o f w at
er a nd d r
ied i n sawdus
t.
t
h
em i n
to an ea
rthen v
esse
l and th
en pro
- T
oP repareB ras
s Work f
orO rmolu Dip-
c
e
ed i nth
e usua
l manner
. p
ing
.— I
f t he w o
rk isoi
ly
, boil itin lye
,
A
noth
er B ronz
e fo
r Bras
s.- 1 o
z. mur
i- a
nd ifiti sfi
n
ished work
, fi
l
ed o r tu
rned,
a
t
e ofammon ia
, Va o
z
. al
um, 34 o
/ z
. ar
seni
c, d
ip iti
n old ac
id, and i
tisthen ready t o
d
i
sso
lve to
gether i
n 1pt
. of s
t
rong v
inegar
. b
e ormolued
, b ut if i
t i
sunfini
shed a nd
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 3
5

f
r
ee fr
om o i
l
, pick
le itin s
t
rong s
u
lphur
ic Go
ld L acquer fo
r B ras
s.—S eed l a
c, 6
a
c
id, d
ip in pur
e n i
tr
ic ac
id, a
nd t
hen i
n o
z
s.; ambe
r o rcopa
l, 2ozs.
; be
s t al
cohol
, 4
t
h
e old ac
id, a
fter which i
twil
l b
e re
ady g
a
ls.; pu
lve r
ized glas
s, 4o z
s.; d ragon
's
f
o
r ormolu
ing. b
l
ood, 40 grs
.; ex
trac
t of red sandal wood
o
b
tained by w a
ter
, 30 grs
.
To R epair O ld N i
t r
ic A cid O rmo lu
D
i ps
.— If t he w ork a fter d ipping a ppears
c
oarse and s p
otted, add v it
riolt il
l i tanswers LACQUER FOR D
IPPED BRASS
.
t
h
e p urpose; i fthe w ork a fter d ipp
ing a p
- Alcoho
l, 12 g a
ls; seed la
c, 8l b
s.; t
ur-
p
ears t oo s mooth, a dd m uria t
ic a cid a nd m
eric, 1lb. to agal. ofthe a
bove mix
ture
;
n
i
tra te t i
ll itg ives t he r i
gh t a ppearanc e
. S
panish safron, 4o z
s. The s afron isto
The o ther ormo lu dip s shou ld be r e
paired b
e added for br
onz ed w o
rk.
a
c
co rding t o t h
e r ecipes, p u
tting i n the
p
roper i n
gredients t o s trengthen t hem.
T
h ey s hould n ot be a low ed t o s e
ttle, but GOOD LACQUER
.
s
h
ou ld b e sti
rred o f
ten w h
ile u s
ing . A
lcohol, 8o zs.; g ambog e
, 1o z.; she
llac,
3o z
s.; annatto, 1o z.; solution o f 3o zs. of
D
irections f or Mak ing L acquer
. —M ix se
ed l a
c in 1p t
. a lcohol
. Wh en d i
ssolved,
t
h
e ingred i
en ts
, a nd l e
t t he v
esse
l c on
tain- add 3 2 oz. V eni
ce t u
rpen t
ine, o
z. drag-
i
n
g t h
em s tand i n t he s u
n, or in ap lace on's blood, will m ake itd a
rk . K e ep iti na
s
l
igh
tly w arm ed, 3o r 4d ay
s, shaking i t warm p lace 4o r 5d ays.
f
r
equently t i
l
l gum i sd i
ssolved
, afte
r w hich
l
e
t itse
tt le fr
om 2 4 t o4 8 hours
, w hen the
c
l
ear liquor m ay b e p oured off for us e
. PALE LACQUER FOR T IN PLATE .
P
ulver
ized g l
ass iss om etimes us
ed i nm ak- B
est a l
cohol, 8o zs
.; t urm eric, 4d rs
.;
i
n
g l a
cqu er to c a
r ry d own t he impurit
ies. hay s afron, 2d rs.; d r
ag on's blood , 4d r
s.;
r
ed s a
nde r
s, 1d r.; s h
ellac, 1o z.; g um s an-
L
acquer f orD ipp ed B rass
. —Alcohol, (95
d
arac, 2d r
s.; gum m ast
ic, 2d rs.; C anada
p
e
r cent) 2g a
ls
. ; s e
ed l ac
, 1l b
.; gum c o
-
b
a
l sam, 2d r
s.; w h
en d i
ssolved, a dd s pt
s.
p
a
l, 1o z.; E ngl
ish s afron, 1o z
.; annatto, turpentine, 80 dr ops
.
1oz
.
L
acquer fo
r B r
onzed B
ras
s. —To 1 p t
.
RED LACQUER FOR BRASS
.
o
f th
e above la
cquer a
dd g
ambog e
, 1o z
.,
a
nd
, aft
er mix
ing it,a
dd a
n equa
l quan
tity A
lcohol
, 8g a
ls
.; d
ragon
's b
l
ood, 4lbs
.;
o
f t
he fi
rs
t la
cquer
. S
pani
sh annatto, 1
2 lb
s
.; g
um sanda
rac
, 13
l
b
s.; tu
rpent
in e
, 1gal
.
De
ep Gold Colored Lacquer. —Be
st al
co-
h
o
l, 4o zs
.; Spanish annatto, 8o z
.; tur-
m
eric
, 2d r
s.; s
hellac
, 72 oz.; re
d sand
ers, PALE LACQUER FOR BRASS
.
1
2g r
s.; w
hen di
ssolved
, a
dd s p
ts. o
fturpen- A
lcoho
l, 2ga
ls
.; c
a
pe al
oes
, c
ut s
mal
l, 3
t
i
ne
, 3 0 d
rops
. o
z
s.; pa
le s
he
llac
, 1lb
.; g
ambog
e, 1oz.
Deep G o
ld C o
lored L acquer for Brass
N
o t Dipp
ed.—A lcohol, 4gals
.; turmer
ic, 3
B
EST LACQUER FOR BRASS
.
l
b
s.; gamboge, 3o z
s.; gum sandarac, 7lb
s.;
s
h
ellac, 1
3/
2 l b
s
.; t urpent
ine varnish
, 1p t
. Alcoho
l, 4g a
ls.; s
he
llac
, 2l bs
. ;amber
g
um , 1l b
.; c
opa
l, 20 o
zs
.; se
ed lac
, 3lb
s.;
G
old C o
lored Lacqu er f
or Dipped Bras
s. s
afron toc o
lor
; p u
lve
rized gl
ass
, 8ozs.
—A lcohol
, 3 6 oz
s.; a mb
er, 2o z
s.; gum
g
utta
, 2o zs.; r
ed s andal w ood
, 2 4 grs
.;
d
ragon's bl
ood, 6
0 g r
s.; or
iental sa
ffron
, 36 COLOR FOR LACQUER
.
g
r
s.; p u
lverized g
las
s, 4o zs. A
lcoho
l, 1q
t
.; a
nna
tto
, 4o
z
s.
3
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

G
ILDER
'S P
ICKLE
. Copper Co
l ored B r
onz
ing f or Zinc
.—
A
lum and common s al
t, e
ach, 1oz.; A
gitate th
e a
rticle
s in aso
lution of 8drs
.
n
i
tre
, 2o z
s.; di
sso
lved in wa
t e
r, Y2 pt
. s
u
lpha te o
fcopper, a
nd 8drs. hypo
sulpha
te
U
sed toi
mpart ari
ch ye
llow c
olor tog
old o
fs oda i
n 1pt. wate
r.
s
u
rface
s. It is b
es
t la
rg e
ly d
iluted w
ith
w
ate
r.
BRONZ
ING F
LUID
.

QU
ICK BRONZ
ING L
IQU
IDS
. (For brown) . Iron fi
l
ings or scal
es, 1
p
ound, ars
enic 2 ounce
s, hydrochlor
ic ac
id,
F
or I mmediate Act
ion on Copper. Brass
,
1pound ; metal
lic z
i
nc, 1o unce. The a r-
o
rZ inc. —Brown o rD a
rk Bronze for Cop-
t
i
cle to be bronzed isdi
pped i n th
is so
lu-
p
er
, B rass or Zinc. —Dis
solve 5 d ra
chm s
t
i
on t i
l
l the des
ired e
ff
ect isproduced.
n
i
trate o f ir
on in 1pt
. ofw ater; o
r, 5d rs
.
p
er
ch loride of ir
on in 1pt
. w a
ter. A black
m
ay a lso be ob
tained fr
om 1 0 ozs
. m ur
iate BRONZ
ING COPPER
.
o
f a
rs enic in 2pts
. permuria
te of ir
on, and
1pt
. w at
er. Cas
tor oil
, 20 p a
rts; Alcohol
, 8 0 p
art
s;
S
oft so
ap, 40 par
ts;w a
ter, 40 p
arts
. A ft
er
Brown orR ed Bronzing f
orBras
s. —Dis
- c
opper has b e
en s coured
, c ov
er w ith th
e
s
o
lve 16 drs
. n
itrat
e ofi r
on, a
nd 16 d
rs
. h
y- a
bove mixture unti
l the des
ired co
lor isob
-
p
o
su lphate o
fs o
da, in 1pt
. wat
er, o
r, 1dr
. t
a
ined. T hen dry inh ot s
awdu s
t and coa
t
n
i
tric ac
id may besubst
ituted f
o
r th
e ni
tra
te w
ith di
lute varnish
.
o
fi r
on.
R
ed Brown B ronzing for Bra
ss. —D
is-
A GOOD S
ILVER POL
ISH
.
s
o
lve 1oz
. ni
trate o
f copp
e r
, a
nd 1o z. o
x-
a
l
ic a
cid i
n 1pt
. water, b
rough
t tot h
e bo
il M
ix t o
ge ther one-hal
f o unc e o f f
i
ne s a
l t
,
a
nd th
en c
ool
ed. o
ne-half ounc e of powd e
r ed a lum a nd o ne-
h
al
f o unce o f c ommon c ream o f t a
rta r
.
Dark Brown B
ronzing f
o
r Bra
ss.—Mix
P
ut t hem i n
to al arge porce
la in p i
tcher a nd
1oz
. cyan
ide o
fpo
tass
ium, a
nd 4drs
. n
i
tric
p
our o n two q uarts o
f w a
t er a nd s t
i
r t i
l
l
a
c
id, with 1pt
. w
ater
. e
nt
i r
ely dissolved. N ow t ran sfer the m ix-
Red Bronzing fo
r B ra
ss.—M ix 30 g
rs
. t
ure toc l
ean b ottle
s and c ork t ight
ly. B e-
t
e
rsulphate of ar
senic
, 6d r
s. so
lut
ion o
f f
or
e u s
ing, s hake w el
l. P our a l i
tt
le o f
p
ear
lash, and 1 p
t. water
. t
he liquid o ut i n
to a bow l a nd w ash t he
s
i
lver a l
l ov er with it
, u s
ing a n o l
d l inen
Orang
e Bronz
ing o
n Bra
ss.—Mix 1dr
. c
l
oth. L et i tstand for 1 0 o r 1 5 minu t
e s
,
p
ota
sh so
lut
ion o
fsu
lphur w
ith 1p
t
. wa
ter
. a
nd rub o f dryw ith ab uckskin. The s ilver
O
liv
e Gre
en Bronz
ef o
rB ra
ss. —D
isso
lve w
il
l l ook like new .
1p
t
. pe
rmuria
te o
f ir
on in 2pt
s. w
ater
.
S
l
ate
-C ol
ored Bronzing f
or Bra
ss. —D
is- METAL POL
ISH
.
s
o
lve 2drs
. su
lphocyan
id e o
fpo
tass
ium, and
A good m etal polish m ay b e m ade a s
5dr
s. pe
rchlor
ide of ir
on, i
n 1p t
. wat
e r
.
f
o
llow s
: T ake w ood a l
cohol, 3pa r
ts; aqua
S
tee
l G r
ey Bronz ing for Brass
. —M ix 1 ammonia, 1p a
rt; prepa red cha
lk, p
a rt
.
o
z
. m ur
iate o
farsenic w i
th 1p t
. w a
ter
, and App
ly t h
e pol
ish w ith a f l
anne
l a nd w hen
u
s
e at ahea
t no
tl es
st han 180 deg
reesF . d
ahr ry wipe of
. S hake the pol
ish before u
s
ing
t
og e
t the cha
lk s t
ir
r ed u p
.
B
right Red Bronz ing fo
r C opper
. —M ix
2dr
s. su
lph
ide ofa ntimony and 1o z. p
earl
-
a
s
h i n 1pt
. w a
ter. ALUM INUM POL ISH.
D
ark Red B
ronz
e f
o
r Copper
. —D
isso
lve A
n emu
lsion o
f e
qua
l par
ts o
fRum and
1dr
. su
lphur a
nd 1oz
. p
earla
sh i
n 1p t
. O
live Oi
l c an be u s
ed for c
lean
ing
w
ater
. a
l
uminum.
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 3
7

Pota
sh L ye, n
ot t
o
o s
trong, i
sal
so ef
- CO
MPO
SIT
ION O
F AL
LOY
S (CO
NT.)
f
e
ctive in brigh
ten
ing a
l
um inum; Benzo
l o
o
i
salso us
ed. o
.
A
lloy
s o o
A g
ood po
lish fo
r aluminum cons
ists o
f U N
Meta l t o e xpand i n
apa
ste f
ormed of Emery and Tal
low , th
e c
oo ling 2 9
f
i
ni
sh lu
ster be
ing obta
ined by th
e u se o
f Pew ter 1
00 1
7
Spe
lter 1 1 .
R
ouge Powder with Oil of T
urpentine
.
S
tatuary B ronze 2 90 5 . 2
Tough b rass, e ngine
work 1
5 100 15
Tough b rass, f or
heavy b ear
ing s 2
5 160 5
ALU M
INU M LACQUER
. Yel
low B
rass, f
or
t
u rning 2 1
For aluminum dis
solve 100 parts Gum Solders
L
a c in 300 p ar
ts Ammon i
a, h ea
ting fo
r For b razing ( hardest) 3 1
o
ne h our over a Wa ter bath
, p a
int th
e For b razing ( hard ) 1 1 •. é•

For b razing ( soft

) 1 4 3
t
horoughly cl
eaned a
luminum with the v
ar
- For b
razing (
soft)
n
i
sh a nd hea
t ittoabout 5
70 degrees F
ahr
. o
r 2 1 .
For le ad 1 . 1% ••
For pew ter 2 . 1 ••
F
or t in 1 . 2 ••

CO MPOS
ITION OF ALLOYS
.

T
he n umb er of a loy c ompo s
itions such
A GOOD TEST FOR COPPER
.
a
s b ronze, b ra
s s a nd b abbitt
s w hich are
n
ow p laced o n the m a rket b y var
iou s com- F
irs
t tak
e the s
o
lut
ion suppos
ed t o co
n-
p
anies a r
e a lmo st i nnum erable
, e ach con- t
a
in copp
er and p
ut itin asha
llow v e
ssel
.
t
a
ining v a r
ious p ropor t
ion s
, a nd s om e h
av- When th
e so
lut
ion i
sready i
mm ers
e ap i
ece
i
ng special ingredien ts b ut n e
a r
ly a ll c
on- o
f ir
on or st
ee
l th
at has b
een c l
eaned of
t
a
in p ractical
ly t he s ame c ombination as a
a
l rust. I f th
e solution contains copper
b
as
is. I n a lmost e very c ase the c ompos
i-
t
h
e iron o r s
tee
l wil
l b e co
ated with m e
tal-
t
i
on i sv a
ried s l
ightly a ccording t o the u
ses
l
i
c copp er
. S hould copper not show int h
is
t
ow h
ich t he part c a
st f rom t he a l
loy isto
b
e put. t
e
st
, p our int h
e sol.4
t
ion al i
ttle ammon ia ;
i
fcopp er ispre
sent al i
ght bl
ue p r
ecip
itate
I
n general t
he compo
sit
ion o
f th
e mos
t w
il
l f orm and t he so
lution will take on a
c
ommon a loys i
sasgi
ven i
nthe a
c
company
-
b
l
ue c olor
.
i
ng t
ab
l e
:
TA
BLE O
F CO
MPO
SIT
ION O
F CO
MMON AL
LOY
S
ALLOYS
.

Ge
rman S
i
lver
, F
irs
t Qua
lity C
ast
ings—
A
lloys
C
opper 5
0 lb
s.; z
i
nc 25 lb
s.; N
ickel 2
5
Babbitt
's m e
tal 1
0 l
b
s.
Bel
l- Me tal 5
G
erman S
ilv
er f
or R
oll
ing —Copp
er 5
0
Brass, engine bear
ing 1
3 '
A
Brass, l
ocomotive l
b
s
.; zi
nc 20 lb
s
.; n
i
cke
l 25 lb
s
.
b
earings 7 6
1 1
Brass, f o
r straps a nd G
erman Si
lver fo
r Bel
ls and o
t
her Ca
st-
g
lands 1
6 1
30 1 i
n
gs —Copper .6
0 lb
s.; z
inc 20 l
b
s. ;n
i
ckel
F
langes t o s
tand braz-
2
0 l
bs
.; l
ead 3 lb
s
.; ir
on, (t
hat o
f t
i
n pl
ate
i
ng 3
2 1
Mun tz's sheathing . 6 4 i
sth
e b
e
st) 2 l
b
s.
3
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

A
lfen
ide -Conta
ins atr
ace o
f i
ron, c
op- SUNDRY CO MPOS
ITIONS
.

p
e
r 60 par
ts; z
i
nc 30 p
ar
ts; n
ick
el 10 p
ar
ts. Organ Pip
e Me tal -Consis
ts of le
ad al
-
F
ine Si
lve
r. C
olored Meta
l -T
in 100 l
o
y ed w i
th about half it
s quant
ity of t
in to
h
ard en it
. L ead 100; ti
n 3 p a
rts
; orl e
ad
l
b
s.; ant
imony 8 lbs
.; c
opp
er 4 l
b
s.; b
i
s-
1
00 a nd ti
n2 0p a
rtsa n
sw er ve
ry well
. T he
m
u th 1lb
. m
ot tled or cry
stal
line appearance so much
Genu
ine German S i
lver-Iron 21 /
2
a
dm ired shows an abundanc e of t
in
.
p
art
s; ni
ckel 3
1 p
ar
ts; zi
nc 2
5Y 2 p
ar
ts; Cannon Me
tal -T
in 1
0 p
ar
ts; c
opp
er 9
0
c
opper 40 p
ar
ts. p
ar
ts.
Gong Me
ta/ -Copp
er, 7
8 p
ar
ts; t
i
n, 2
2
p
ar
ts.

RELAT
IVE ELECTR
ICAL CONDUCT
IVITY A
lloy f
or Cymba
ls -Copp
er, 8
0 p
ar
ts;
t
i
n, 20 p
ar
ts.
OF D
IFFERENT METALS AND

ALLOYS
. C
ock Me
ta/ -Copp
er 2
0l b
s.; l
e
ad 8l
b
s.;
l
i
tha
rge 1o
z.; a
nt
imony 3oz
s.
R
ela
tive
Me
tals C
onduc- Me
tal f
o
r t a
king Impr
ess
ion
s -L
ead 3
t
iv
ity l
b
s.; t
i
n 2lb
s.; b
ismu
th 5 lb
s
.
P
ure s
i
lver 1
00
.
El
ectrum -Copper 8
; n
icke
l 4; z
inc 31
/
2
P
ure c
opper 1
00
.
p
arts
. Th is c
ompound isu n
surpa
ssed fo
r
R
efined a
nd c
rys
tal
lized c
opper 9
.9
e
as
e o fworkmansh
ip and b
eauty o
f app
ear
-
T
elegraph
ic s
i
lic
ious b
ronze 9
8
.
a
nce
.
A
lloy o
f c
opper a
nd s
i
lver (
50 %) 8
6
.65
P
ure g
old 7
8
. A
lloy
, f
or Mechan
ica
l I
n
strumen
ts-
S
i
lic
ide o
f c
opper
, 4% S
i 7
5
. C
opper 1 l
b
.; t
i
n 1oz
.
S
i
lic
ide o
f c
opper
, 1
2% S
i 5
4
.7
P
ure a
lum
inum 5
4
.2 Fu
sib
le Me t
als - Me
lt to g
eth
er: 8pa
rts
T
in w
ith 1
2% o
f s
odium 4
6
.9 o
fbismuth; 3parts o
f ti
n; 5p a
rts o
f l
e
ad.
T
elephon
ic s
i
lic
ious b
ronze 3
5
. Th
is mixtur
e b e
comes l i
quid at 2
12 d
eg.
C
opper w
ith 1
0% o
f l
e
ad 3
0
. F
ahr.
P
ure z
inc 2
9
.9 A
nother - M
elt to
gether
: 2pa
rtsofCad-
T
elephon
ic p
hosphor
-bronze 2
9
.
m
ium; 2parts o
flead; 4part
s o
fti
n. Me
lt-
S
i
lic
ious b
rass
, 2
5% z
inc 2
6
.4
i
n
g poin
t 187 deg
. Fahr.
B
rass w
ith 3
5% z
inc 2
1
.59
P
hosphor
-tin 1
7
.7
A
lloy o
f g
old a
nd s
i
lver (
50 %) 1
6
.12
Swed
ish i
r
on 1
6
.4
AMALGAM RECIPES
.
P
ure B
anca T
in 1
5
.5
An
timon
ial c
opper 1
2
.7 Tin a nd m ercury c omb ine r eadily a to r-
A
lum
inum b
ronze (
10 %) 1
2
.6 d
inary t empera tures
. I f 3p arts m e rcury
S
iemens s
t
eel 1
2
. b
e b r
ough t i n
to c on tact w ith 1 o f tin 6 -
P
ure p
lat
inum 1
0
.6 s
i
ded c rystal
s o f ti
n a malgam a re form ed.
C
opper w
ith 1
0% o
f n
icke
l 1
0
.6
T
in a malgam i sused f o
r s i
lver
ing l ooking
C
adm
ium Ama
lgam (
15 %) 1
0
.2
g
las
ses. Wh en p u
lv erized a nd r ubb ed o n
D
ronier mercur
ial b
ronze 1
0
.14
t
he po
lishing s t
on e itf o
rm s ak ind o fm osaic
A
rsenica
l copper (
10 %) 9
.
1
P
ure l
ead 8
.
88
s
i
lver. E le
ctric a malgam m ay b e m ad e b y
B
ronze w
ith 2
0% o
f t
i
n 8
.
4
m
elting t in a nd z inc t ogether i n v ariou s
P
ure n
icke
l 7
.
89 p
roportions i n ap or c
elain c rucible. Th e
P
hosphor
-bronze
, 1
0% t
i
n 6
.
5 m
ixture i sw e
ll s t
i
rred u p
, a nd w hen o n t he
Phosphor c
opper
, 9% p
hos
. 4
.
9 p
o
in t of s o
lidifying t he m ercury i sa dded
Ant
imony 3
.
88 a
nd w o rked i n
to t he m ass. Th e w hol e is
 METAL-
CRAFT
. 3
9

n
ext tran
s ferred to amortar w a
rm e nough A GOOD SOLDER
ING SOLUT
ION
.
t
o keep the a malgam so
ft, w h
ile i tiswe
ll Procure ab
out 5c e
nts' w orth o fm u
riat
ic
wo
rked t ogether, a
f
ter w h
ich ap ie
c e o
f t
a
l- a
c
id a nd add as m uch p ure z inc as i twi
ll
l
ow o r l
ard, n o
t qu
ite equal i
nb u
lk tothe d
i
ssolve. I f al i
t
tle rain-wa ter i sa dded it
ma
ss, isk neaded in un
til the a malgam at
- w
ill somewha t improve t he m ixture. T he
t
a
ins the p roper c
ons
ist
ency . a
rt
icles t
ob e so
lde r
ed s hould b e thoroughly
c
l
ean ed ofevery trace of dir
t. T he sold
er-
i
ng s o
lut
ion i sn ext app l
ied w ith a w ire
HO W TO MAKE ALLOYS
. b
rush t o t
he cleaned s urface. Wi th t h
is
F
or C
liché
s orP rint
ing P
lat
es. —Tin
, 48 s
o
lution t h
e s o
lder w ill s t
ick e very t ime
.
p
ar
ts; l
e
ad, 32
.5 parts; b
i
smuth
, 10.5 p
art
s;
a
n
timony
, 9p ar
ts. SOLDERS
.
1
. P
lumber
's S
old
er. —Lead
, 2 p
ar
ts;
F
or Cand
les
tick
s, S
poons, V
ess
els
. —T
in,
T
in, 1p
ar
t.
8
0 par
ts; l
ead
, 20 par
ts.
2
.T in m
en'
s S
old
er. —Lead
, 1p
ar
t; T
in,
F
or I m
ita
tion S i
lve
rwa
re. —T
in, 9
2 1p
ar
t.
p
ar
ts; l
e
ad, 8par
ts.
3
.Z inc S
old
er. —T
in, 1p
ar
t; L
ead
, 1t
o
F
or P
iece
s ofJewel
ry; o
rSub
sti
tut
e for 2p
ar
ts.
S
i
lver
. —Tin, 8
0 p
ar
ts; a
nt
imony
, 20 p
ar
ts.
4
. Spe
ller S
old
er. —Equa
l p
ar
ts C
oppe
r
F
or F
usibl
e Meta
l. —B
ismuth
, 5
0 p
ar
ts; a
nd Zinc
.
l
e
ad, 3
0 par
ts; t
i
n, 20 p
ar
ts. 5
.G laz
ier
's S
old
er. —T
in, 3p
ar
ts; L
ead
,
B
ras
s for Medal
s. —Copp
er, 9
5 p
ar
ts; 1p
ar
t.
t
i
n, 4par
ts; z
i
nc, 1pa
rt. 6
.So
lder f
or C
opp
er. —C
opp
er, 1
0pa
rts
;
B
ras
s f
or Cymba
ls a
nd Ket
tled
rum
s.— Z
inc
, 9part
s.
C
opper
, 8
0 p
ar
ts; t
in
, 2
0 p
ar
ts. 7
. B
rass S
old
er. —C
opp
er, 6
1
.25 p
ar
ts;
Z
inc
, 3
8.75 p
art
s.
B
ras
s for B
ell
s. —Copp
er, 7 p
ar
ts; t
i
n,
2
3 par
ts. 8
.Bra
ss So
lder
, Wh i
te.—C opper
, 5
7
.4 1
p
ar
ts; T
in, 1
4.60 p
ar
ts; Zinc
, 2 7
.99 p
ar
ts.
S
ubs
titu
te f
o
r G o
ld. —Copper
, 9
4 part
s;
a
n
timony, 6 par
ts; magnes
ium carbonat
, 9
.B l
ack S
old
er.—C opp
er, 2p
ar
ts; Z
inc
,
1
/3 par
t. 3p
ar
ts; T
in, 2par
ts.
1
0. C
old Brazing Withou tFir
e orL amp .
—Fluor
ic A c
id, 1o z
.; O xy-muria
tic Acid,
I
MITAT
ION GOLD
.
1oz.; m
ix in al ead bo
ttle. P ut ach alk
T
ak e 16 p
arts of pla
tina, 7parts co
pp er
, m
ark each si
de w here y
ou w ant to braze.
1par
t z i
nc, put i n c
overed cruc
ible
, w ith Th
is mixture wil
l keep a bou
t six mon ths
p
owdered c harcoa
l a nd m elt to
gether t i
l
l i
n one b
ott
le.
t
he whol
e form s one mass and al ar
e t h
or-
o
ugh
ly i n
corporated. Or take 4o z
. plat
ina, 1
. To S o
lder Iron t
oS t
e e
l orEither to
3oz
. si
lver and 1o z
. copper. B
ras
s. —Tin, 3p a
rts; Copper, 3
9Y2 parts
;
Z
inc
, 7Y
, parts
. When a pp
lied i
n am ol
ten
s
t
ate i
twi
l l fi
rmly un
ite me
tals f
i
rst named
SUBST
ITUTE FOR GOLD
.
t
oeach o
t
h er
.

As ubst
itute for go
ld i sob
tained by com- 1
2. Plumb ers
' S o
lder. —Bi
smuth, 1p art;
b
in
ing 9 4 p ar
ts of c opp
er w ith 6 par
ts of L
ead, 5 p
arts; T
in, 3 p
ar
ts; i
s a f
i
rst
-class
a
ntimony a nd a dding a l i
t
tle m agneium c
s omposit
ion.
c
arbonate t o incr
ea se the w e
ight
. I
t is 1
3. Solder f o
r B ras
s T hat Will Stand
s
a
id t ha
t t h
is aloy ca n be d
rawn , wrought Hamm ering. —Br a
ss, 7 8
.26 p a
rts
; Z inc,
a
nd soldered very m uch li
ke g o
ld, and th
at 1
7
.41 p art
s; Silver
, 4.33 par
ts ;a
dd al i
ttle
i
ta l
so takes and retains ag old po
lish
. I t c
h
loride o f potass
ium t o y
our borax f or
i
sw orth 25 cents ap ound. afl
ux.
4
0 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

1
4. So
lder fo
r St
eel J
oint
s. —S
ilver
, 1
9 S
om e o f th
e m ercury penetrates the sur
-
p
ar
ts; Copper
, 1pa
rt; B
rass
, 2p a
rts
. Mel
t f
a
c e
s, a nd some o f the copper crysta
lize
s
a
l
l tog
ether
.
o
ut, and the c
ompound b e
com es very hard
.
1
5
. Hard S
old
er. —Copp
er, 2 p
ar
ts; S
trang e to say
, t his compound i s si
lve
r
Z
inc
, 1p
art
. Mel
t toge
ther
. w
hit e
. B y us
ing m or
e m ercury
, ap l
iabl
e
1
6
. S
older f
o
r Bra
ss. —Copper
, 3p
ar
ts; m
eta l isob
tained t ha
t hardens slowly. I f
Z
inc
, 1pa
rt; w
ith Borax
. t
h
e s older i
stoo hard, gr
ind u p with m or
e
1
7. S
old
er f
or Copp
er. —Bras
s, 6pa
rts
; m
e rcury. K eep g old and s i
lver jewelry
,
Z
inc
, 1par
t; T
in, 1par
t; mel
t al
l t
o
gethe
r e
t
c., o ut o
f the w ay, as mercury destroy
s
w
ell a
nd p
our o
ut t
ocool. t
h
em .
1
8
. So
lder f
o
rI r
on. —Th e b
e
st so
lde
r fo
r
i
r
on isg
ood t
ough br
ass w
ith ali
t
tle b
orax
.
SOLDER
ING I
RREGULAR P
IECES
.
N
. B.— In s o
ldering, the su
rfaces to be To so
lder accurat
ely i r
regu lar pi
eces of
j
o
ined ar
e m ade pe
rfectly cl
ean and smooth, m
etal or t
he parts of ab roken p i
ece
, p re
ss
a
nd th
en co ve
red w ith sa
l-ammon iac, re
sin
o
r ot
her flux, the s o
lde
r i st h
en a pp
lied, t
he pa
rts in
to a l ump o f putty, pla
ced o n
b
e
ing m e
lted o n and s moothed o v
er b y a api
ece ofti
nplate. H aving t hus fo
rm ed a
t
i
nned so
lde r
ing iron. m
ould, remove a nd dry t he p ut
ty w i
th a
g
as je
t. Th is burns t h
e o i
l i n th
e p ut
ty.
S
o
ldering Fluid
. —Take 2oz. Muria
tic
A
cid
; a dd Zinc ti
l
l bubb
les c
e
ase to r
i
se; When the mould isready r e
pla ce t
he pie
ces
a
dd 3/
2 te
aspoon
ful ofSal
-Ammoniac
. a
nd al
so s
ome s
o
lder in s
mal
l piec
es. Use
aga
s jet o
r b
l
ow-tor
ch to hea
t s ame a
nd
d
o n
ot r
emov
e t
h
e p
ar
ts u
nt
il q
u
ite c
oo
l.

COLD SOFT SOLDER

.

Eve
ryone a ts ome t ime o
r o ther has had "
SOLDER" FOR METAL
, GLASS AND
o
cca
sion t o solder t wo ,'
p
ieces o f m etal
, PORCELA
IN.
w
hich b e
cause o f th
eir c omposition
, or b e
- A s of
t a loy w hich a dhe re
s t o m e
tal,
c
au
se o f a
tta
ched p arts
, c ou
ld n ot be ra
ised g
lass and p orce
lain a nd c an b e used int he
t
o the tempera ture t hat even s of
t s o
lder s
ame m anner ass o
ft s o
lde r isprepared from
f
l
ows a t
. Th e fol
low ing solder m eet
s t h
at p
owde red copper ( copper d ust) w hich m ay
d
emand , asitc an be u sed withou t h
eat. b
e o btained b y st
irring a s o
lution o f blue
Pre
cipitate s ome c opper f rom a c o pper v
i
t r
iol w ith g r
anu lated t i
n. Th e s o
lut
ion
s
o
lu tion, s u
ch a sc opper sulpha te or co pper b
ecom es c o
nsiderably h eated a nd a f i
ne
n
i
t rate b y m ean s o f zinc o r i r
on f i
l
ing s
. b
rown p owd er i s precipitated
. 'O f t h
is
I
nto am o r
ta r p our som e m ercury a nd t he c
opper d u
st, 20 or 3 6 pa r
ts b y weight, ac-
c
opp er p recipitate. A dd a f ew d rops o f c
ording t othed es
ired h ardn es
so ft hes o
lder,
d
i
lu te s u
lphu ric a c
id a nd g r
ind u nt
il t he a
re mix ed in ac a
st-iron o r ap orce
lain m or-
c
opp er has u n
ited w ith t h
e m ercury. Wa sh t
ar w i
th s u
lphuric a cid o f 1 .
85 s pec
ific
t
h
e a malg am w ith w ater t i
ll b r
ight a nd g
ravity t o the cons
i s
tency o f paste, and 7 0
c
l
ean . P ut i n
to ac l
oth tod ry and b ym eans p
arts o f mercury a dded w ith c onstant st
ir-
o
f a t wisting m o
tion, l ike g r
apes a r
e r
i
ng.
s
t
r ained, s queez e out the exc e
ss o fm ercu ry When t
he amalgam isthoroughly mixed
u
ntil t h
e c o pper a malgam i sjust w orkab le i
tisc
are
ful
ly washed wi
th w ater t
or emove
b
y t he fi
ng er s
. R ub w e
ll i n
to t he surfa c
es a
l tr
ace
s of a
c
id, and th
en c o
oled of
f. I n
t
ob ej o
in ed, a nd p r
ess together o ver ni ght
. 1
0 o
r 12hour
s the ma
ss becomes very h
ard.
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 4
1

When t h
e solder istob e us
ed i tshou
ld be Hard spelte
r, 2p a
rts c o
pp er
, 1o f z
inc;
h
eat
ed t o a
bou t 400 degree
s F ahrenhe
it, i
n p
lumb e
rs' coarse so
lder, 1p a
r t t i
n, 3l e
ad;
w
hich condit
ion i tcan bek neaded li
ke wax p
lumbers' s e
al solder tin 1 , l ead 2 ; ti
n-
i
n an ir
on m ortar
. I n th
is p l
ast
ic st
ate i
t n
ers
' so
ld er
, tin 1Y2,lead 1;h ard solder fo
r
i
s app
lied t o the broken s urfac
es, w h
ich c
opper; brass and i r
on, c opper 2 , zinc 1;
a
re th
en p r
essed toge
th e
r, and w hen coo
led s
i
lver solder f o
r j ewele
rs, s i
lver 1 9
, c o
p-
t
he a ma
lgam a dh
e r
es v e
ry f i
rmly.
p
er 1,brass 1;s i
lver so
lder f or p l
ating, si
l
-
v
er 2, brass 1; si
lver f o
r s i
lver b rass and
i
r
on, si
lver 1 ,bras
s 1;g old s o
ld er, go
ld 1 2
,
SOLDER
ING F
LUXES
.
s
i
lver 2, copper 4; bismu th s o
ld er, le
ad 4 ,
t
i
n 4, bismu th 1.
AN EXCELLE NT SOLDERI NG FL UX
.

Thi
s m ay be made by s
atura
ting as o
lu-
t
i
on o f zi
nc ch
loride i
n water and adding HO W TO SOLDER ALUM
INUM
.
b
y w eight one
-tenth par
t o f a mmonium There are various compound so n th
e m ar-
c
h
lo r
ide. I tiscla
imed that with th
is fl
ux k
e
t for s o
ldering a luminum , b
u t this opera-
i
tisp os
sible t
o so
lder e
nam el ware
. Th is t
i
on d epends m ore o n t h
e w orkman t han
i
si mposs
ible wi
th m os
t ot h
er fluxe
s. o
n the s o
lder a nd u n
l es
s considerable e x-
A GOOD FL UX FOR SOLDERI NG T I NFO
IL. p
er
ience h as been h ad i tisprobab ly better
Th
is f l
ux c an be m ade by m ixing s al- t
o p
urchase so
lde r t
h
a n t
o a
tt
em p
t m
a k
i ng
a
mmon iac ( ammonium c h
lor
id e) w ith vas- i
e t
. Z inc c an be u sed b u
t doe
s n ot form a
l
i
ne a nd p a
rafine so as to form a p ast. v
e ery strong j o
in t
. T in c an also b e used,
When s o
lde r
ing tin
foil iti sa dvisable t o i
sm ore n early t he color of alum inum , i s
l
a
y the t i
nfoil o
n as heet o
f c oppe r, w h
ich st
rong er than z inc, but i sv
ery d if
icult to
c
onducts the heat a w
ay f r
om t he t i
nfoil
. work. As mall propor t
ion of p hosphor tin
O
therw is
e t he f
o
il would be l i
kely t om elt
. added t o p ure t i
n m akes i
t w ork m ore
r
ead
ily a nd i st he ba
sis of most a luminum
s
o
lder.

SOLDER
ING WR
INKLES
. T
he c h
ief dif
icu
lty i n so
ldering a
lumi-
n
um ist h
at the h
eat isdi
ssipat
ed s o r
a
pid-
Fol
low ing a r
e severalh i
ntson sold
ers and
l
ythat itcoo
ls t
he so
ldering iron and fu
r-
s
o
lde r
ing f l
ux e
s. A V a
luable S o
ldering
t
h
ermo r
e a l
uminum oxidizes in
stant
ly upon
L
iquid: C ut z i
nc into s ma
ll pi
eces
, dis
solve
i
nh ydrochloric ac
id, add o ne
-fourth par
t of e
xposure t o the a i
r. Th is extrem ely t h
in
t
he solut
ion o f a mmon ia and d i
lute with f
i
lm e fectual
ly p rev ent
s ap erfect u nion
wa
ter. D is
so lve in t welve par
ts of water b
e
ing m ad e
. I f the p arts are w el
l h e ated
o
ne and o ne
-ha lf parts of g
lycer
ine and one a
nd m elted s o
lde r k ept h o
t w hile t h
e i r
on
a
nd o ne
-half p art
s l a
ctic ac
id.
i
salow ed t o stand o n i t
, t
he s ur
fa ce c an
S
o
lde
ring P
aste
: Make asy
rup o
f s
t
arch b
e s c
rap ed b eneath t he m el
ted s o
ld er b y
p
a
ste w
ith a s
o
lution o
f c
h
lor
ide o
f t
i
n. t
he point o f the s oldering i r
on, t hus p re
-
F
luxe
s for Welding: Ase
c r
et wel
l w orth v
ent
ing t o ac er
tain e x
ten t th
e o x
idiza tion.
k
nowing isa s f
o
llows: Tak e 6o unces of I
n th
is w ay the m etalc a nb e t
inned. Wh en
c
ommon s a
lt, 1o unce of black ox
ide o f b
oth pa r
t s tob e brough t t og
eth er a r
e w el
l
m
anganese
, 2o unces of c
opperas
, 1o unce
t
inn
ed , t h
e parts c an b e u n
ited w ith s ome
o
fsal
tpete
r, 1ounc e o
fprus
siate ofpotash;
p
ulve
riz
e a nd m
ix w i
th 3 pounds of weld- c
hance o f suc
ce s
s, n itrat of si
lver
, r e
s
in , o r
i
ngsand
. z
inc chlorid be
ing u sed a s afl
ux. As olde r
-
S
o
lde
rs —How T h
ey Ar
e Made. S
o
ft i
ng t o
ol o f nick e
l g iv
es m o
r e sat
isfac tory
s
p
elt
er ismade o
f 1pa
rt co
pper
, 1p
a
rt r
esu
lts t han a c opp er o ne as the latter a l
-
z
i
nc. l
oys with t he tin a nd s oon becom es r ough.
4
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

C
l eaning t he Me tal: I f the sur
face i s Welding F
lux. —Pulveriz
e t he f
o
llow ing
o
f such a s h
ape t hat itcannot be r e
adily i
ngredients: 2o z
. of C opperas
, 1o z. of
c
l
eaned b y scrap
ing, i tc a
n b e cl
eaned b y S
altpeter, 6oz
. of S
alt, 1o z. of Oxid e of
d
ipp
ing i tinto as olut
ion o f n
itr
ic acid in Mangane se, 1oz. of C yanide of Po tash
.
t
hre
e t i
mes i t
s bulk of hot w a
ter contain- Mix t o
g e
ther w
ith 3 lb
s. of good We lding
i
ng a b
ou t 5p er cent ofc ommercial hydro- S
and .
f
l
uoric a c
id. T h
is c ause
s as l
ight a c
tion
We
lding P
owd er
s. —Ca
lcine and pu
lver
-
o
n t he surface of t h
e m etal as sh
own b y
i
z
e toge
ther 50 par
ts of Ir
on F i
lings
, 5
b
ubbles. R inse t h
e m eta
l a f
ter remov ing
p
a
rts of S
al Ammoniac
, 3p art
s of Borax
,
f
rom t he ac
id b a
th a nd dry inhot sawdu st
.
p
arts o
f Copa
iba Bal
sam.

ALUM
INUM SOLDER
. To Weld C a
st Ir
on. —Take o f g
ood
,
T
he fo
llow
ing fo
rmula
, int h
e h
and
s o f c
l
ear Whi
te Sand, 3p
arts
; R ef
ined S
o
lton
,
acomp
etent man
, c a
n be used t
o uni
te 1pa
rt;Fo
ster
ine,1 p
art;R ock S
alt
,1 p
art
;
a
l
uminum oralum
inoid p
art
s: m
ix al to
gether
. Take t
h
e two p
i
ecesofcas
t
i
r
on, hea
t them in amod
era
te ch
arcoa
l fi
re
,
T
in -
10 p
a
rts
.
o
cca
siona
lly tak
ing th
em ou
t w h
ile h
eat
ing
C
adm
ium -
10 p
a
rts
.
a
nd d
ipp
ing th
em i n
to the c
ompo
sit
ion un-
Z
inc -
10 p
a
rts
. t
i
l t
h
ey are o
f ap r
oper hea
t toweld
, then
L
ead -
1 p
a
rt. a
t o
nce la
y th
em o n the a
nvi
l and ge
ntly
These p
a r
ts to b
e uni
ted must b
e t h
or- h
ammer them to
gether
.
o
ughly cl
eansed and alowed to s
t
and t wo
To We ld Cast Ir
on. —The b e
st w ay of
t
ot h
reehou r
s in as
trong s
o
lut
ion ofH ypo-
w
elding cas
t iron ist o ta
ke ita t av ery
S
ulphate o f so
da b e
fore be
ing operated
i
n
tense heat
, cl
osely approa
ching the m e
lt-
u
pon, or c
leaned inthe a
c
id ba
th de
scribed
i
ng poin
t. I n th
i s s
tate itwi
ll be f o
und
a
bove.
s
ufi
cient
ly m a
lleable to st
and w e
lding b y
SOLDER FOR ALUM
INUM
.
t
h
e h amm er
.

Cons
ist s o f zi
nc, t i
n
, a luminum p hos
- Compo sit
ion U sed t o We ld C as
tS t
ee l
.-
p
horus. T h e fi
rs
t t wo contain
ing the b u
lk 1
0 p arts B orax, 1p art S al Ammon ia c
.
o
ft h
e aloy . T hi
s solder can beused ei
th e
r G
rind o r pound t hem t horoughly toge
th er,
w
ith t h
e b low p ip
e o r the i r
on. I f t h
e t
h
en f u
se them i n am e
ta l pot over ac l
ear
f
ormer i sus ed a li
ttle si
lver can be added f
i
re, tak
ing c a
re t oc ontinu e t h
e hea
t u ntil
t
oi twithou t m aking i tmelt and giv
ing i t a
l s p
um e has d i
sapp eared f rom t he s
urfac e
.
abe
tter c o
lo r
. T he s u
rfaces tobesoldered Wh en the liqu
id a ppea rs c l
ear the c
ompo si-
a
re f i
r
st s craped c lean then t i
nned w i
th t
i
on i sr e
ady t o b e pour ed o ut tocool a nd
t
hes o
lderi t
self,no flux be
ing needed
. Si
lv er, c
oncrete; afterwa rd b e
ing g round to af i
ne
2%; A lum inum P hosphorus, 9%; T in, p
owd er, iti sready f or u se. T o us
e t h
is
3
4 %; Z inc
, 5 0% . c
ompo si
tion t he st
e e
l t ob e w elded israi
s ed
t
o ah eatw hich m ay b ee x
p ress
ed as"brigh t
WELD
ING
. y
e
llow ." I ti sthen d ipped a mong th
ew eld-
Weld
ing C omposit
ion. — D isso
lv e in i
ng p owd er a nd a gain p laced in the f i
re
w
ater 3
0p a
rts o
fB orax
, 4p a
rtsofSa l Am- u
ntil itattains t h
e s am e d egree of h
ea t a s
m
oniac
, 4p a
rts of C yan
ide o f P ota
sh. b
efore
. I ti sthen r eady t ob e pl
aced und er
E
vaporat
e the wa
ter at alow temperatur
e. t
he hamm er
.
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 4
3

Compo s
ition for We lding C as
t S tee
l.— CAST
ING BARS OF SOLDER
.
Pulverize borax, any quantity, and sl
ightly I
n t h
e d raw ing h erew ith ( a) i s agong
c
olor i tw ith d ragon'
s b lood. Heat the f
rom a n e l
ectric b el
l w ith a d ent ( c
) b ent
s
t
e e
l r ed hot
, s h
ake the borax o v
er i t
; pl
ace i
no ne s
ide ofi tw i
th ap a
ir o fp i
nc e
r s
; ( b)
i
ta gain int he fi
re ti
l
l the bo rax smokes on
i
s ar i
vet p assed t hrough t he hole i n the
t
he s tee
l, w hich will be m uch below t he
g
ong , w hi
le ( e) i san i r
on r o d riveted to
o
rdina ry welding heat
, and t hen hamm er it
.
(
a ) a t (d). Ap ea s h
oo ter m akes a n ad-
German We lding P owd er
. -4 p artsI ron mi rable subst
itu te f o
r t he iron r od
. H ere
Turning s
, 3p arts B orax, 2p ar
ts B orate o f (
f) i saw ood en h andle. ( g) ab l
ock o fhard
I
ron, 1p art Wa ter
.
wood i n w h
ich g r
oov e
s ( hh) a re m ade.
Welding a S mall Piece o fIron U pon a T he s o
lder i sp oured f rom t he ladle into
L
a rge O ne, w ith O nly aL ight Hea t
.— It
i
so ften d e
sir able t o w eld a s ma
ll b it o f
i
r
on u pon al arg e bar, w hen the large pie c
e
m
u st beh eated e qually h ot asthes mall o ne
.
T
o s av e th
is t ake B orax, 1l b
., Red O xide
o
fI ron, 1t o 2o z
. Me lt them t ogether i n
ac r
ucible, and w hen c old p u
lv e
rize i ta nd
k
eep t he powder d ry f or use
. Wh en y ou
w
an t t o pe
rfo rm t he op erat
ion, just b r
ing
t
h
e l a
rg e pi
ec e t o aw hite heat
, h aving a
g
ood w e
lding h ea t upon t he smal
l s l
ip; t ak
e
t
he l a
rg e on e f rom t he f i
r
e a nd s p
rink le S
i mple Outf
it f or Casting Your Own Bars o f
s
om e o f the p owder u pon t he place, a nd Solder. AGong
Handy Lad
F
i
le I
tted w
s Made f
ith a Hand
ro m a Be
le
.
ll

b
r
ing t he other u pon i t
, a pp
lying t he ham -
m
er s mart
ly, a nd t he w eld will be a sg ood these groove s
. S andpape r the groov es well
a
s c ould b e m ade w ith t h
e g reater h e at a
n d t
he s
older c
a n b
e ea
sily r
e moveil
.
w
ithou t the p owd er.

RUST REMOVER
.
B
ELG
IAN WELD
ING PO WDER
. Powdered A lum i n s
t
rong V inegar
, O i
l
o
f T a
rtar or fi
ne Eme ry ar
e o f
ten used to
1
,000 p ar
tsI ron F i
ling s, 500 p artsB orax,
r
emove r u
st. K ero
sene or T urpent
ine, if
5
0 parts B a
lsam o fC opa iba o r o ther r e
sin- l
e
ft on the st
a
in ed or rus
ted p o
rtions ov
er
o
us o i
l
, 7 5 parts S al Ammon iac. M ix a l
l n
ight
, will suf i
cient
ly sof
ten t he rust so
w
ell t ogether, h e a
t a nd p u lverize c om- t
hat itmay be r emoved by the use o
f fi
ne
p
l
etely. T he s urfaces t o b e w eld ed a re e
m e
ry cl
oth fo
llow ed by apo
lish
ing powde r
.
p
owd ered w ith t he c ompo sition a nd t hen
b
r
ough t t o ac h
e rry-red h eat, a tw hich t he
p
owd er m e
lts
, w hen t he p or t
ion s t o be TO CLEAN BRASS WARE
.
u
n
ited a re taken f r
om t he fire a nd j o
ined. Mix one ounce o
fo xa
lic ac
id, si
x ounces
I
ft he pi
e c
es tob e w e
ld ed a re t oo l arge to o
f ro
tten s t
one i
n ap owder, one ounce of
b
e introduced i nto t he f orge, o ne c an be s
weet oi
l and e
nough water tom ake apas
te.
f
i
r
st h eated with t h
e w elding p owd er t o a A
pply as ma
ll amount and rub' d
ry with a
f
l
annel
. T h
is i
s alot be
tter than most of
c
h
erry -r
ed h eat and t he o ther a fterwa rd to
t
he po
lishe
s, asit%y
in not co
rrode the br
ass
awhite h ea
t, af
te r w hich t he w e
ld ing m ay a
s do pol
ishes th
at con
tain nitr
ic or other
b
e efected. a
c
ids.
4
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

TO CLEAN BRASS
. ETCH
ING FOR METALS
.

Rub itwith a mix

ture o
f V
inega
r a nd (1) Bra
ss Signs —Paint sign with a s
-
S
al
t, o
r O xa
licAcid
,t h
en wa
sh w
ith Water p
halt varn
ish, l
eav
ing the p
arts tobee tched
a
nd po
lish with Tr
ipo
li a
nd Sw
eet Oi
l. u
npainted. R a
ise ab o
rder around t h
e o ut
-
s
i
de, m ade of s
oft Bee
swax. T ake 1p a r
t
Ano
ther liquid pol
ish fo
r m etal isa
sf o
l. o
fN itr
i c Ac
id di
luted in 5parts of Wa ter
.
l
ows : J
ew ele
r s
' R ed
, 25 parts
; O il o
f Tur- P
our t h
is so
lut
ion o n tothe sign ab
ou t _Y
4
p
entine, 15 p
a r
t s
; Oil ofStearine, 2
5 par
ts; i
nch deep. When t h
e l e
tte
r s are etched
Animal C harcoal, 45 part
s ; A l
cohol su
ff
i- d
eep enough, pour ac
id o f
, c l
ean plate by
c
i
en t to m ake t h
e m as
s p rac
tically l
iqu
id. h
eat
ing a nd wiping w ith turpent
ine.
Apply with ab rush. A ft
er t he al
coho
l has (2
) C opper Etching
.- 1 p
ar
to fN i
trico
r
e
vaporated ru b with ac l
oth. S
ulphuric A c
id; 2p a
rts of Pota
ssium Bi
-
c
hromate ( Satu
ra t
ed s o
lut
ion) ;5 part
s o
f
Water.

TRANSPARENT FOR TOOLS

. (
3) Etching on C u
tlery —Tak e 1p art of
A
sphaltum; 1p a
rt of B urgund y Pitch; 1
B
est alcohol, 1g al.; gum s andarac, 2
p
art of Beeswax. Me lt together and m ix
.
p
ound s; gum m as
tic
, 5 2 p
ound. P lace al
Wa rm t h
e piece of cut
lery, take ab al
l o f
i
n at i
n c an w hich adm its o
f be
ing c o
rked; c
o
tton a nd s mear as mal
l q uant
ity of t h
e
c
ork i tti
gh t, a nd shake itf r
equently, oc
- a
bove w ax on the bl
ade, evenly al
l over th
e
c
as
iona l
ly p l
acing t he c an in hot w ater
. s
urface
. Wh en c o
ld, sc
ratch t h
e r e
quired
Wh en dis
so lved i tisr eady fo
r use
. Th i
s d
es
ign o r name on the ar
ticle and to
uch t h
e 1
'
makes av ery n ice varnish for new t ool
s p
arts with as o
lution ofo ne part ofN itri
c
which are expos ed to dampn e
ss, e
tc
. A
cid i nfi
ve par
ts of Wa ter
, u s
ing ac amel'
s
h
a
ir b rush
.

s
A
fter afew minu
tes di
p in ho
t w
ate
r
RUST S
POTS ON N
ICKEL
. a
nd wipe t
h
e bl
ade with b
enz
ine
.

R
ust s
p
ots o
n n
i
cke
l c
an b
e t
r
eat
ed w
ith (
4
) E tching on Glass—M ix together in
are
ceptacle ofle
ad : 3p ar
ts ofSul phate of
G
rea
se, a
nd a
f
ter s
e
vera
l d
ays r
ubb
ed w
ith
B
arium; 1p art o
f Fluoride of Ammon ium
ar
ags
a
tura
ted w
ith af
ew d
rop
s o
f Hyd
ro-
w
ith Sulphuric Acid su
f f
ic
ient to br
ing t h
e
c
h
lor
ic A
cid i
n Ammon
ia. P
art
s s
h
ould b
e
m
ixture t o the cons
istency o f r
ich m ilk
.
t
h
orough
ly r
i
nsed
, d
r
ied a
nd p
o
lish
ed.
C
ov e
r t h
e g la
ss with a s ma
ll q
uan ti
ty of
h
ot be
eswax. T o e
tch proceed asfo
rc u
tlery
.
(
5) Etch
ing o
n S
i
lve
r —Sam
e a
sco
ppe
r
RUST PREVENT
IVE
.
o
r b
ras
s.
Th
e f
o
llow
ing i
s ag
ood r
u
st p
r
even
tiv
e (
6) Etch
ing on B
r onz
e-100 p
art
s of
f
o
r s
t
eel
; 1
6 p
ar
ts T
urp
ent
ine a
nd 1p
ar
t p
ure N
itr
ic Ac
id at4
00; 5p
ar
ts o
fAlur
i-
C
aou
tchouc d
i
sso
lved b
y ag
en
tle h
ea
t. T
o a
t
ic Ac
id at 2
0°.
t
h
is a
dd 8p
ar
ts B
oil
ed O
il
, s
t
ir a
nd a
tth
e (
7) Etch
ing on Bra
ss —Tak e 60 parts o
f
s
ame t
ime b
r
ing t
oth
e b
o
iling p
o
int
. A
pply N
itric Acid at 40
°; 1 60 part
s o f Wa te
r.
w
ith ab
rush a
f
ter t
h
e m
ann
er o
f v
arn
ish
- D
issolv
e 6p a
rts of P
ot a
ssium C hlorat
e in
i
n
g. Th
is c
o
ating c
an b
e r
emov
ed b
y t
h
e 1
00 part
s of Water
. M ix thet wo so
lut
ions
u
s
e o
f T
urp
ent
ine i
fde
sir
ed. t
o
geth
er.
 METAL
-CRAFT
. 4
5

(
8) Etch
ing on S
te
el -62 pa
rts o
fN it
ric HO W TO CUT BRASS
.
A
cid; 125 pa
rts of Wa t
er; 187 par
ts of With aq u
ill p
en d i
pped in ast
rong so
lu-
A
lcoho
l; 8p a
rts o
f C opper N
itra
te. t
i
on o f al
coholic corro
sive su
blimate (ca
re-
(9
) Z incog
raphic Etch
ing -2 p a
rts o
f f
u
l ; strong p oi
son) d r
aw a l i
ne o n the
S
ulphate o
f Copper; 3par
ts of C
hlor
ide o
f b
rass
. A fter le
tting thi
s dry, g
o o v
er the
C
oppe r
; 6 4 par
ts of Wa ter
; 8p a
rts o
f l
i
ne w ith t he pen d ipped in ni
tric ac
id.
Muriat
ic Acid
. Then the m etal may b e b
roken as gl
ass i
s
c
ut with ad iamond .
(
10) D ifer
ent G round s for E tching —
(
a) 30 part
s Wh ite Wax ; 30 p a
rt s Gum
Mas
tic; 15 part
s A spha l
tum . ( b)3 p a
rts
Whit
e Wax; 1p art Bl ock Pitch; 4 p a
rts
TO BORE A HOLE I
N HARDENED S
TEEL
.
A
sphaltum; 1 part Rosin. ( c) 4o z. so
ft
L
ins
eed O i
l; Y2 oz
. G um B enzoin; o
z. Mel
t as ma
ll quant
ity of w
ax a
nd p
our
Whit
e Wax . B oil tog
e ther
. i
ton toth
e st
eel
. Mak e aho
le i
nth
e wax
o
f th
e dimens
ions de
sired
.
T
hen p ut af ew d rops o f ni
tric a c
id in
ETCH
ING ON S
TEEL
. t
h
e h ole and l eave i tfor s ome t ime. I f
Cove
r t h
e a r
ticle with af i
lm o f paraff
in n
oteaten through i n1 5o r2 0 minu t
esw ash
w
ax ( or ca
ndl e grease) and with as c
riber t
h
e acid o f and a pply a nother do s
e. C on-
w
rite or mark o n t he sur
face w hatev e s t
r i i
nue t h
is until t h
e h o
le i se a
ten t hrough.
r
e
quired, making s ure toc ut c
l
ean t hrough
N
on -rus
ting s oldering f l
uid: — Wh ile the
t
h
e w ax. S pr
ink le s ome sa
lt o
v er th
is a nd z
i
nc c hlor
ide s oldering f l
ux w o
rk s n i
cely
t
h
en c over with s t
rong n i
tr
ic a c
id. T he o
n st
eel
, s ofar a ss o
ld ering g o
es, its hould
e
t
ching should b e cont
inued for an hour o r
n
ot be us
ed w here t here isd anger o f rus
t.
s
o
, depending u pon t he d
epth o
f t h
e e tched
Aso
lu t
ion t h
at w ill not c a
use rust, ism ade
p
ar
t. T hen c l
ean o f w i
th hot w ater a nd b
y mixing
g
r
eas e the ar
ticle t o pr
event a ny rusting.
6oz
. a l
coho l
2oz
. g lycerine
HO W TO F ILE SOFT METALS .
1 o
z
. o
xid e o
f z
inc

The te
eth of afi
le are so
on f i
l
led w h
en
t
h
e f i
l
e i su
sed on lead, t
in
, soft so
lder or
a
l
um inum. I t cannot be cl
eaned l i
ke the
HO W TO PREPARE PURE S
ILVER FRO M
w
ood r a
sp by d
ipp
ing i tin
to hot wate
r, but
i
fthe fi
le a
nd the wo rk a
re kept wet wi
th CO
IN S
ILVER
.
w
ater, th
ere wil
l be n o tr
ouble as th
e al- S
i
lver c o
ins ar
e no t p
ure si
lver, but c o
n-
r
e
ady w et p
art
icle
s ofl e
ad, so
ft so
lder
, etc
., t
a
in c opper to make t h
em h arder. C an-
d
o not re
adi
ly adher
e t othe f
i
le
. a
d
ian s i
lver co
ins conta
in 9 25 p a
rts of s i
l
-
v
er and 7 5 pa
rts of copper to e a
ch 1 ,000
p
art
s, a nd t h
e m etal i s ca
lled S t
erl
ing
TO PREVENT L
EAD EXPLOD
ING
. S
i
lver. U ni
ted S t
ates si
lve
r c oins contain
9
00 p a
r t
s si
lver and 1 00 p a
rts c opper t o
Many m echanics h
ave had their pa
tien c
e e
ach 1,000 parts
, a nd th
e m e
ta l isc a
lled
s
o
rely tri
ed w hen pouring m el
ted l e
ad
"
900 fi
n e
."
a
r
ound a d amp o r w
et jo
int t o fi
nd ite x
-
p
l
od e
, bl
ow o u
t, orscat
ter from t he ef
ec ts I
n o r
der to p
repa r
e t he p
ure si
lver and
o
fs t
eam generated by the h
eat o f t
he lead
. t
o get rid of t
he c o
pper, as i
l
ver co
in i s
T
he w ho
le t r
oub le m
ay b e s
topped by p ut- d
i
ssolved i n d
i
lute n i
tric ac
id ( HNO 3) .
t
i
ng a pi
ece o f re
sin t
he si
ze of t h
e end o f The so
lution i
sthen di
luted with h
ot w at
er
aman's t
humb i n
to th
e ladl
e a nd alow ing t
o 200 or 300 cubic cent
imeters (approxi
-
i
ttom e
lt b e
fore pour
ing. m
ately 7 o r 1
0 o unces
) .
4
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

To t h
is add a s o
lu t
ion ( ho
t) o f s o
dium SHOP K
INKS
.
c
hlorid ( common s alt) w h
ich w ill t h
row Lay dul
l fil
es in di
lu ted su
lphur
ic a c
id
d
own a n i n
soluble p recip
itate o f s i
lver u
nt
il t h
ey are ea
ten d eep enough
.
Chas
ing T hreads in A luminum: ' When
c
hlorid. Wa sh t h
e p r ecip
ita
t t h
o roughly
c
u
tting t h
reads on a l
um inum u s
e al i
tt
le
b
y de cantat
ion; t hat is
,b ysucc
e s
sively pour- o
i
l w i
th c o
al oi
l, about ( 1) one t
easpoon
i
ng o n hot w ater and a lowing t he prec
ipi- o
f oi
l to (1) one pi
nt o fc o
al oi
l
, and the
t
a
t t o s e
tt
le, t hen p ou ring o f t he c l
ear t
h
read swil
l notc l
og up, butw i
ll t
ak
e af i
ne
l
i
quid . A f
te r at horough w ashing i n th
is f
i
n
ish a s ifcu
t i n s
t
e e
l.
manner , fi
lter t he s o
lution t hrough f i
l
ter
p
aper a nd d ry i tc arefully i n wa rm a ir
.
A GOOD S
ILVER W ASH
.
R
emov e th
e p rec
ipitat f rom the fi
lter paper
Take 1o unce ofp ure ni
tr
ic ac
id, 1s i
l v
er
a
nd p lace iti n apo rc
elain c r
ucible. H eat d
ime (or, be
tter
, aC anadian fi
ve
-cent piece
,
g
ently w ith a s ma
ll f l
am e unti
l t he si
lver wh
ich isa l
so si
lver) a nd 1oun ce o
fq uick-
c
hlorid i smelted then l e
t i tco
ol. s
i
lver
. T hes
e i ngr
ed i
ents are now p laced
i
n ag lass vesse
l a nd l e
ft unti
l t h
ey a r
e
C
u to ut ap i
ece o fshee
tz i
nc largee nough c
omplet
e ly di
ssolved. Th en as
id a pint o f
t
oc ove r the bottom o ft he cruc
ibl e and l a
y w
ater and next enough powdered w hi
ting t o
i
to n t h
e s i
lver c hlor
id. N ow a dd al i
t
tle m
ak e t
he w hole in
to ap owder. T h
is si
l v
er
w
at e
r a nd af ew d rops of di
lute s ulphuric w
ash m ay beu s
ed o n bra
ss, c
opper
, G erman
s
i
lver
, e tc
.
a
c
id ( 11 2SO 4) and l e
t the w hol
e s tand f o
r
t
wen ty-four h ours. T he si
lver chlorid will
b
e r educ ed t o s i
lver and z inc c hlorid i s TO PROTECT POL
ISHED S
TEEL OR I
RON

f
orm ed. T ake o ut th
e p i
ece o f zinc a nd FROM RUST
.

w
ash t h
e silv
er w ith al i
tt
le dilute sulphuric G
oo ver th
es ur
facewith paraf
fin
,o rst
eep
a
c
id a nd t h
en w ith water. T his fi
nely d i
- t
h
e iron for af ew mom ents in asolut
ion
o
fsoda ac
idulat
ed with muriat
ic ac
id. T he
v
ided s i
l ve
r m ay b e fu
sed i n ac rucible by r
e
sul
t i s ablue
-black c
oating, not afec
ted
d
rying i tand m ixing with h al
f i t
s w eight b
yai
ro rw ater
.
o
fs odium c arbona t and apply suf
fici
en th eat
.

HO W TO PREVENT P
EN PO
INTS FROM
GETT
ING RUSTY
.
SHOP K
INKS
. To prevent p
ens from b e
coming ru
sty
p
lac
e af ew old p
en po
ints (or s
ome p
i
eces
I
n dr
ill
ing w rought ir
on o r st
eel, always
o
fi r
on w
i r
e) inyour i
nk su
pply. The p
ens
u
s
e p l
enty of o i
l
. L ard o i
l i scommon ly e
at up t
he ac
id i
nt h
e ink and t
he
reby k
eep
u
s
ed for su
ch w ork. T he o i
l he
lp s tocarry y
our pen fre
e fr
om t h
e a c
id.
a
way the h
eat. When d ril
ling orb o
ring i n
c
a
st ir
on, no o i
l isneces
sar y
. L ight d r
il
l-
i
n
g inb r
ass requ
ires no oi
l, bu
t f a
irly heavy MARK
ING TOOL
S W
ITH AC
ID.
\V
e r e
comm end the f o
llowing e t
ching
d
r
ill
ing should have oi
l. C opper i sone of
f
l
u
id f o
r m ark
ing to
ols: M ix o n
e p a
rt of
t
h
e t o
ugh e
st m ater
ials and s hould r e
c e
ive m
uriat
ic a c
id, one o
f ni
tr
ic a nd fou
r p ar
ts
p
l
enty ofoil
. T o dr
il
l large ho
l e
s a c
cura t
e- o
fw ater
. T he to
ol i
scoated with wax and
l
y
, u
s
e as
mal
l d
r
il
l f
i
r
st. t
h
e d e
sign ist h
en sc
ratched in,
 P
er
fume
ry, S
oap
sand E
xt
rac
ts
.
P
ERFUMERY
. White Ro
se. —Oil of Tu
rki
sh G e
ran
ium,
In al
l the fol
low ing formu las s e
cure the 2oz
.; O i
l of Berg
amo t, 2oz
.; E x
tra
ct o
f
b
e
s t ingred
ients regardless of pri
c e. Qua l- B
enzoin
, 2o z.; Extrac
t of Vani
lla
, 2oz
.;
i
t
y i sof the fi
rs
t i mportance
. P rocure the A
lcohol
, 2g a
ls.; Wa t
er, 2pts
.
b
e
s t spir
its o f deodorized a lcohol o b
tain- V
iolet Extrac
t. —E ss
enc
e c f Viole
t, 4
a
b
l e
. ' When t h
e p erfum e
s a re m ixed they o
z
.; E s
senc
e o f C a
ssie
, 1o z
.; Essenc
e o f
s
hould b e fr
equently a g
itated a nd a l
low ed R
ose
, 3d r
s.; T incture o
f O rr
is
, 1o z.;
t
o stand t wo or three w eeks b e
for e fi
l
ter- T
incture o
f Ambe rgr
is, 2dr
s.; T
incture of
i
ng
. A ge improves all perfume s
, i fkept i n C
ive
t, 2d rs
.; Spirit of A
lmond, 2 0 min.
amode rate atmosphere and in ad ark pl
ac e
. Y
lang
-Y l
ang. —Sp
irit of Ylang
, 8o z.
;
F
rench Jockey Club Bouquet
. —Espr
itde S
p
iri
t of Rose
, 4o z
.; Essen
ce of Ja
smine
,
R
o se
, 1p t
.; E sp
rit de Tubero
se, 1pt
.; Es
- 2oz
.; Tincture o
f Cive
t, 2o z.
p
r
it d e Cassi
e, 34 pt.; Esp
rit de J
asmine
,
/4 p
3 t
.; Extract Cive
t, 3o z
.
SOAPS
.
The Guard's Bouquet
. —E spri
t d e Rose
,
Tran spa rent S oap.—S l
ice 6l b
s. n i
ce Y el
-
2pt
s.; E
spr
it de Nerol
i, 3
/2 p
t
.; E xtrac
t Va-
l
ow B ar S oap i n
to s having s; p ut i nto a
n
i
lla
, 34 pt
.; Extrac
t O r
ris, Y
2 pt.; Extra
ct
b
rass t in o r c opper k ettle
, w ith A lcoho l
,
Musk, 3
4 p
/ t.; Otto of Clov
e s
, dr
.
7
2 g al
. , h eating g radua lly o ver as low f i
re
,
Yach
t C lub Bouque t
. —Ex
t ra
ctofS anta
l, s
t
irring t i
ll a l i sdissolv ed; t h
en a dd 1o z
.
1pt
.; E xt
rac t o
f N erol
i, 1pt
.; Extract o
f S
assa fra sE ssenc e and s t
iru nt
i l a l
l i smix ed;
J
asmine, Y2 p t
.; E x
t rac
t Trip
le R os
e, Y2 n
ow p our i nto pan s a bout 1 3/2 i nch e
s d eep,
p
t
.; E xtract V ani
lla
, 3 4 p
t.; Flow er
s of a
nd w hen c o
ld c ut i nto s q uare b ars t h
e
B
enzoin, 3 4 o
z. l
ength o r w id th o f t he pan a s d esired.
J
apane
se P e
rfume . —Ex t
ra c
t of T rip
le English B ar Soap . —S ix g al. S oft Wa ter,
R
ose
, Y2 pt
.; E xtract of Vit
iver
t, Y2 pt
.; 6l b
. g ood S t
one L ime , 2 0 l b. S al-Sod a, 4
E
xtract o
f Patchouly, Y 2 pt
.; Extra
ct of o
z
. B orax , 1 5 l b
. F at ( Tallow i sb e
st), 1 0
C
edar, Y2 p
t
.; E x
tract of Santa
l, p
t
.; l
b
. P u lveriz ed R e
sin a nd 4 o z
. B e
eswax ;
E
xtract o
f Verveine, 34 p
t
. p
ut t he w a
t er in ak ettle on t he f i
re, a nd
L
avend
er E xtra
ct. —Oil of L av
ender when n early b oi
ling a dd t he l ime a nd s oda ;
(
Engli
sh M i
tcham), 4 d rs
.; Ess
ence of when t h
es e a re d i
ssolv ed, a dd t he b orax.
R
ose
, 2oz.; Be
st Alcoho
l, 14 o
z
. B
oil g ently, a nd s t
ir u n t
il a l i sd i
ssolv ed;
t
hen a dd t he f a
t, r e
sin a nd b eeswax .
L
ily of t h
e r alley. —Essence o f Tube -
B
e s
t S oft S oap.—M ix 1 0 l b
. P otash i n
r
o
se, 8o z
.; E ss
enc e of Jasmine, 1o z.; Es-
1
0 g a
l. Warm S oft Wa ter o ver n i
ght ; i n
s
e
nce ofO r ange Flow ers
, 1o z.; Essence of
t
he m o rning b o
il i t
, a dding 6 l b
. G r
ea s e
;
C
ass
ie, 2oz.; Essenc e ofR o
se, 2o z
.; S p
irit
t
hen p ut a l
l i n ab arr e
l, a dding 1 5 g al
.
o
f Rose
, 1o z
.; Tinc ture of Vanil
la, 1o z.;
S
oft Wa te r
.
O
il ofBitter Almond s
, 2d rops.
German Y ell
ow S oap . —Ta llow a nd S al-
New Mown Hay . —T inctur
e o fT ontka,
S
oda , o fe a
ch 12 l b
.; R esin, 5 6 l b
.; S t
one
4oz
.; Tinc
tur
e o f Mu sk, 1o z
.; Tin c
ture
L
ime , 2 8 lb
.; P a
lm O il
, 8o z
.; S oft 1o ler
,
o
f Benzo
in, 1oz.; Spirit of Rose
, 1o z.;
2
8 g a
l. P ut s o
da, l ime a nd w a ter i n
to a
O
il of Ros
e G e
ranium , 4 0 min.; O i
l o f
k
ettle a nd b o
il, s t
irring w ell ;t h
en l e
t i t
B
ergamot
, 40min.; Rectif
ied Alcoho
l, 1o z.
s
e
t t
l e, a nd p our o ff t he l y
e
. I n anothe r
Mos
s R ose
. —Spiri
t of Ro
se, 9oz.; Es
- k
ettle m elt t he tal
low , r e
sin a nd p alm o il;
s
e
nce of Orange Flower
s, 3oz
.; E
ssence of h
aving i th ot, the l y
e b e
ing a l
so b oi
ling h ot
,
R
ose
, 2oz.; Tinc
tur eofCiv
et, 1o
z
.; T inc
- m
ix a l t ogether, st
irring w ell, a nd t hew ork
t
u
re of Mu sk
, 1o z. i
sd one .
4
7
4
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

German Y e
llow Soap
. —Smal
l q
uant
iti
es. b
a
lsam o f Peru
. Us
ed to c
l
ose cu
ts or
— Tal
low a nd Sa
l-Soda
, ea
ch 1lb
.; Re
sin, w
ound s
, by warming ita
nd a
pply
ing
. I t
7oz
.; Stone Lime, 4oz
.; Palm O
il
, 1oz.; d
oe
s n ot wa
sh off u
nt
il t
he s
k
in part
ial
ly
S
oft Wat er
, 1q t
. h
ea
ls.
Hard S oap w i
th L a
rd . —Sal-Soda a nd Art
if
icia
lS kin
. —For B urn s
, B ruis
es, Ab-
L
ard, each 6 lb
.; Stone L im e
, 3l b
.; Soft r
a
sions, et
c. P roo
f a gain
st Wa ter. —Tak e
Water
, 4g al
.; di
ssolve the li m
e a nd soda g
un c ot
ton a nd V enice turpent
in e, equal
i
n the w a
ter by b o
iling
, s t
irring, se
ttl
ing p
art
s ofe a
ch, and di
ssolve them i n20 times
a
nd pouring o f
; t h
en r e
turn t o the ke
ttle a
sm uch sulphur
ic ether
, dis
so lv
ing t he c
ot-
(
brass or copper) and a dd t he lard
, a nd t
on fi
rst
, then add
ing t he turpentine; keep
b
o
il itti
ll i tbe
com es so
ap; t hen pour into i
tcorked ti
ghtly
.
adi
sh or m ould
s; and, w hen cold, cu
t into
The o
bjecto ft h
e turpentine i
stop revent
b
ars and dry.it
.
p
r
essure or pinching caused b y e
vaporation
C
amphor Soap
. —Curd Soap
, 28 l
b
.; Otto o
f t
he et
h er w h
en a pp
lied t o abru
ised s u
r-
o
fRosemary 1 Y
4 l
b
. R educe the C
amphor f
a
ce. Wa t
er d oes not a f
e c
t it
, henc e it
s
t
opowder
, add 1oz
. Almond O il
, th
en si
ft v
a
lue f o
r c happed h ands, s u
rface bruises
,
i
t
; when th
e s o
ap i
sm elt
ed a nd r
eady to e
t
c.
t
u
rn out
, add the c
ampho r and ro
semary.
Ad
hes
ive Pla
ster
, or Salv
e, f
or D eep
S
and Soap
. —Curd Soap, 7lb
.; Marine Wounds
, Cu
ts, e
tc
., i
nPla
ce ofSt
itche
s.—
S
oap, 7l b
.; S
ift
ed Silve
r Sand, 2
8 l b
.;
Whi te R osin, 7o zs
.; b ees w ax a nd m utton
O
ils Thyme, C
assia
, Caraway a
nd Fr
ench
t
a
llow , o f e a
ch Y2 o z.; m elt a l t og e
th er,
L
avender
, ofea
ch 2 oz
.
t
hen p our i nto c o
ld w a
ter a nd w ork a sw ax
S
having P aste. -4 o z
. o fN aples Soap, 2 unti
l t horough ly mix ed, t h
en r oll o ut i nto
o
z. o f P owd ered C as t
ile S oap , 1o z. o f s
u
itab le s tick s for us e
.
Honey , 5d rops e ach o f E s
senc e o f Am -
b
ergris, O il of C assia, O il o f Nu tm egs
. Itm ay b es p
read u pon f i
rm c lo
th a nd c ut
Melt t he s o
ap i n w ater b ath, a dd h oney in
to n arrow s t
rips
. I n case ofd eep w ound s
,
a
nd w hen n ear
ly c ool a dd t he o i
ls and e s
- orc u ts
, i tw ill b e f
o und tof i
rm ly h old t h
em
s
ence. t
ogeth er, b y f i
rst pr
è ss
ing o ne e nd o f as tr
ip
u
pon o ne s ide o fthew ound u ntil i tadh ere s
,
t
hen d raw t he edge s of t he w ound c lo
s ely
CARPET SOAP .
t
ogether , a nd p res
s d own t he o t
h er e nd o f
C
a rpet s o
ap c a
n b e m ad e a s fol
low s: the s tr
ip u nti
l i ta dheres a l
so. T h e str
ip s
Thre e small bars ofg ood w hite soap, 2g al
-
s
hould r each t hree or four i n
ch es u pon e ach
l
ons o fw ater
, 11 0
-c en t bottle ofh ousehold
s
i
de o f th e c ut, and r un i n d ifer ent d i
r ec-
ammon ia, 3 2 b ox o f b orax a nd 1 0 c ent
s
worth o f tartar. D
issolve t he s o
ap i n t
i
o ns a
cross e
ach o
th e
r, t
o d
raw e
v
e ry part
water o n top of s t
ov e; t hen a dd o t
her i - o
n f t he w ound f i
rm ly i n c ontac t
. I t w ill
g
redien t
s. L et b o
il 1 0 m inu tes and t h
en crack e asily a fter b e
ing s pread u nt
i l a p-
r
emov e fr
om t he stov e
. p
l
ied t o t he w arm f l
e
sh, y et i fm ade a ny
s
o
f ter i tc a nno t be d epend ed u pon f or a ny
l
ength o ft i me, but a sitis
,i th a
s b e
en w orn
SALVES AND L INIMENTS .
a
s as treng th ening p las
ter, a nd r ema in ed i n
p
l
ac e o ver ay ear
.
C
ou rt P l
aster. —Bru sh s i
lk o ver w ith a
so
lution o f i s
inglass
, i n s p
irits o r w arm B urn s
. —Sa lve for B urns. —Equa l p a rts
Water, dry a nd r e
pe at s everal t ime
s. F or oft u rpentine , s weet o i
l
, a nd b eeswax ; m elt
th
e l as
t a ppl
ication a pply s everal coats o f t
he o i
l a nd w ax together.
 P
ERFUMERY
, S
OAPS AND E
XTRACTS
. 4
9

When a li
t
tle coo
l, add th
e turp
entine, S
haking Linimen t
. —Turp ent
in e and se
n-
a
nd s
t
ir unt
il c
old
,w hich k
eeps t
h
em e v
en l
y c
a oi
ls, of e
ach 7 1 /3 o z
s.; sw eet o i
l and
m
ixed
. A
ppl
y b y spr
eading upon t h
in t
i
ncture of a
r n
ica, of each 3 2 /3 o zs
.; oi
ls
c
l
oth —l
inen i
st h
e bes
t. o
f organum, hem lock, junip
e r
, a mbe r
, and
l
a
udanum , o
f e ach 1 1 /3 o z
s.; s piri
ts of
I
tisgood f
o
r chap
s on hand
s o r l
ip
s, or a
mmon ia, o
z.; a nd g um c amphor , X
f
o
r any o
the
r s
ore
. I fput on burn
s befo
re o
z
.; w hich makes al i
t
tle le
ss t han 1q t
.
b
l
is
ter
ing has t
aken pl
ace
, t h
ey w il
l n o
t
b
l
is
ter
.
C
hilblain
s. —T o C ure
. — Mu tton t a
llow F
ORMULA F
OR D
ISINFECTANT
.
a
nd l ard, of each 3 /4 lb
.; m el
t i n an ir
on 1o
z. 6dram s Guaiacol
v
ess
e l and a dd h ydrated o x
ide o f ir
on, 2 1o
z. 3d rains Eucalypto
l
o
z
.; s t
ir
ring c ontinually w i
th a n i r
on 6dram s Men thol
s
poon, u n
til th
em as
s i sofa n un
iform bl a
ck 1o
z. Carboli
c A c
id
c
o
lor ; then let itc ool and a dd Venice-
tur - 3dr ams Thymo l
p
entine, 2o z.; a nd A rm enian bole
, 1o z.; 3
/2 dram O il C l
ove
o
i
l o fb e
rgamo t, 1d r
.; rub up the bole wi
th E
nough A lcoho
l t om ake 2l
b
s.
T
o b e s
p rayed a b
ou t wi
th wa
ter.
ali
ttle ol
ive o i
l
, b e
fore p u
t t
ing in. A pply
s
everal times daily b y putting itu pon lint
o
r l i
nen —h eal
s t he w ors
t c as
es i n af ew E
XTRACTS
.
d
ays
. C
ocoa
. —D i
ssolve 1lb
. o
f Chocol
ate in 1
(
Chi
lblains a
r
ise fr
om a se
vere co
ld to q
t
. of Boi
ling Wa ter
, l
et i
tcool
, tak
e out
t
h
e par
t, caus
ing i
nf
lammat
ion
, often ul
cer
- t
h
e C oc
oa B utt
er a nd a
dd to it4o z. o
f
a
t
ing
, m aking d
eep
, and v
ery tr
ouble
som e
, G
lyc
erine and bot
tle.
l
o
ng cont
inued so
res
.) C
ompound C ofee (f
or D
isp
ensing
).-8
o
z
. best (ground) J ava C
off
ee; 2 d rm
.
Wa
rts a
nd C
orn
s. —T
o C
ure i
n T
en
s
l
i
ced V an
illa Bean; add d
i
luted Alcoho
l
Minu
tes
. —Tak
e as
mal
l p
i
ece o
f p
o
tash
i
n s
ufi
cien
t q uant
ity
.
a
nd le
t itst
and in th
e open ai
r unti
l i t
P
lain Cofee E x
tract
. —Pour upon 1 lb
.
s
l
acks
, th
en t
hick
en itto apas
te wi
th p u
l-
o
f be
st fr
esh roa
sted C ofee 1qt
. o f Co
ld
v
er
ized gum a
rab
ic, w
hich p
reven
ts itfr
om
Water, h
eat g
ently for h
alf a
n h our th
en
s
p
read
ing w
her
e i
tisn
ot w
ant
ed. l
e
t itcome to ab
oil, c
ool f
or 2h
our s
, s
tra
in
P
are of
f the se
edso ft he w artort h
e dead a
nd add 4oz. o
fG lycer
ine.
s
k
in of the corn a nd app ly the pas
te, and G
ing er (for di
spens
ing)
.— T ake 13% p
t
.
l
e
t itremain on t e
n minu tes; w a
sh o f
, and o
f F lu
id E xtra
ct o f Ginger
, 3 p t
s. of
s
o
ak the pl
ace ins harp vinega r o
rs weet o
il
, Water, 3o z. of Carbona
te o f Magn e
sia
;
e
i
the
r o f w h
ich w ill neutralize the al
kali
. m
ix, shake of
ten for 24 h
ours; fi
lt
er, e
vap
-
Now do not jam n or sque ez
e o u
t the wart o
ra
te t o 3% p
t. and add :)
.
4 pt
. of Alc
ohol
.
o
r co
rn, l i
ke "street
-corn er peddler
s," but Mead.— Oil of L emon, 1o z
.; O i
l of
l
e
ave them a lone, and n ature will remove C
loves
, 2d rm.; Oil of C
innamon, 2drm.;
t
hem w i
thou t d anger o f t ak
ing c o
ld, a s O
il of Nu
tmeg , 1dr
ill
.; Oil o
fAllsp
ice
, 30
w
ould be if asor
e i smade b y pi
nching th
em d
rops
; O i
l o f Sa
ssaf
ras, 40 d
rops; Oil o
f
G
inger, 1drin.
o
u
t. Corns ar
e caus
ed b y pr
essure
; inm o
st
c
a
ses r
emoving th
e p r
essure cur
es th
e co
rn. C
ut t
he O
il
s with Pum
ice and Suga
r;
N
ine o
fevery te
n corns ca
n bec ured b
y us
- d
i
sso
lve i
n 1
6 or 3
2 o
z. o
f Al
cohol
.
i
ng t
w
i c
e da
ily
, upon i
t
,any g
ood l
i
n
imen
t, Add g
radua
lly a
n e
qua
l q
uan
tity o
f
a
nd wear
ing lo
ose s
ho
es o
r b
oots
. Wa
ter
; c
l
a r
ify
.
5
0 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

L
ieb
ig's Mea t E x
tract.- 1 oz. L ean E
vapo
rat
e b
y aw
ate
r b
a
th t
o 7o
z
. w
hen
Meat, ve
ry f r
esh
, chopped very smal
l; add c
o
ld, a
dd 1o
z
. o
f R
ect
if
ied S
p
iri
t.
8oz. Cold Wa ter; sh
ake w e
ll to
gether fo
r
1
0 m inute
s; h ea
t gradually to b
oil
ing, le
t P
each
. -3 d
rm. O
il o
fAlmond
s, 3d
rm.
s
imm er gent
ly f or af ew m inute
s, st
rain
O
il o
f P
ineapple
, 3drm. T
arta
ric A
cid
,
t
hrough a hair si
eve w h
ile st
il
l hot; e
vap-
17
2 p
t
. o
f A lcoho
l, 8
00
o
rate to asoft sub
stance
.
S
arsapar
illa E x
tract. —Take 1 6 oz. Ja- P
ineapp
le. -2 o
z
. o
f P
ineapp
le E
ss
enc
e,
m
aica Sar
sapa r
illa, cu
t t r
ansv
e r
sely
, 280 oz
.
1o
z
. o
fCi
tric A
cid
, 2p
t
s. o
fAl
coho
l, 8
0 0.
D
ist
illed Wa ter ( 160° F .) m acerate in
h
a
lf t h
e w a
t e
r f or 6h ours and decant th
e
S
t
rawb
err
y.-
1 Y2 o
z
. o
f P
ineapp
le O
il
,
l
i
quor
. D igest the re
sidue inthe remainde
r
o
f th
e w ater f or si
x h our
s m ore
, m ix th
e Y4 o
z
. o
fTinc
tur
e o
fOr
ris
, /
34 o
z
. o
fTar
-
l
i
quors
, press a nd fi
lter
. t
a
ric A
cid
, 1
72 p
t
s. o
f A
lcoho
l, 8
0°
.
 P
hotog
raphy
.
AN ELECTR
IC F
ILM DEVELOPER
. N o
. 2 . 2 0 o z
. D istil
l ed w at er, e ir o z
.
Many o f u s enjoy t ak
ing p i
ctur es but Carbona te o fP ota sh. M ix N o. 1a nd 2 i n
t
her
e a r
e f ew w ho c a n aford a f ilm tank, e
qua l p a r
t s
, a nd t o e a
ch o un ce a dd 2 t o4
a
nd w e have t od e
v e
lop b y hand i n as t
uf y d
rop s 1 0 p er c ent s olu tion B rom id e o f
d
ark room . T o obviate t h
is dificulty the S
od ium .
f
o
llowing i n
strum en t w as d evelop ed. All Hyd r och inon D evelope r. —No . 1 . 1 0 o z
.
t
he m at
e r
ials c an be o btained a round t he o
f D istilled Wa ter, 2o z. o f S ulphite o f
h
ouse and c a n b e pu t together i n af ew S
od ium i nc r
y st
. c h
em . p ure, 1o z. o f H y-
m
inutes. d
roch inon . D issolv e and k eep i n ay e
llow
F
irst the w heel Bi sassembled o n rod b
ottl e
. N o. 2 . 1 0 oz. o fD is
t i
l led Wa t e r
,
C
, w hich r otates t hrough a h ole i n rod 2o z. of C arbona te o fP ota sh, 1o z. ofC ar-
D
. Th e r o
d Ci sturned b y bel
t E( aru b
- b
ona t e o fS od a. M ix 2 d rm. o fN o
. 1a nd
b
er band c an b e u s
ed) w h
ich i sm ade to 1Y2 d rm . o f N o. 2 , t h en a dd 3 o z
. o f
r
o
tate by as mal
l b attery m otor F . C are Wa t er ( dist.).
mu
st be t a
ken t hat the m otor doe s not run Comb in ed Hyd rochinon a nd E ikonog en
t
o
o f a
st w h
ile y ou a re dev e
loping a f i
lm. Dev elope r s
. —No . 1 . 6 0 p arts o f S ulph ite
To overcom e t h
is t r
oub l
e ar heo s
ta t G i s o
fs oda ( c
ry s
t.), 4 0 par ts o f C ry stal S oda ,
1
,000 p art so fD istill
ed Wa ter. A fter s o
lu -
t
i
on f il
ter. N o. 2. 5 0 p a rts o fE ikonog en,
5
0 p arts o f Hyd rochinon . P lac e t o
g eth er
i
n am orta r, grind d own t of i
ne p owd er a nd
k
eep d ry i n w ell s toppe red g lass b ottl e
.
F
or u se t ake o ne p art o fN o. 2a nd d issolv e
i
ti n 100 p arts o f N o. 1 . T his d evelop er
i
so ne o f t he b est k nown; i tp o ssesses a l
t
hea dv an tag e
so ft h
eo ther d ev elope rs
,w i th-
o
ut t he
ir d i
sadvan tag es
.
I
r on D ev elop er. —No . 1 . 1 20 g r
. o f
C
it ric A cid, 8 g r. o f C arbona t e o f Am -
mon ia, 1 o z
. o f D is
tilled Wa te r
. N o. 2 .
1
40 g r. o fS ulph ite ofI ron , 1d r op o fS u l
-
Useful Sche me Emp loying Ba ttery Motor f
or Mov-
i
ng Photograph ic F il m Thru Deve loping Bath. p
hur i c A cid, 1o z
. o fD istilled Wa t
e r
. T o
3p ar ts o f N o. 1a dd 1p a rt o f N o. 2 .
p
ut i n the b a
t tery c ircuit. The s t
art
ing
s
witch I ,bi nding -posts H a nd o ne or t wo Ferrou s C it r
o -Oxa la te D ev elop er. —No .
b
atte ries comp l ete t he o u
tfit. 1
. 1o z. o fN eu tra l O xal at e ofP otash, 2 5/
2
o
z. o fB rom id e o fP ota ssium , 5o z. o fH ot
I
t i sclear h ow t he f i
lm d rum i sm ade.
Distilled Wa ter. N o. 2 . 2d rm . o f p ur e
Wh en t h
e d ish A i sr emov ed t h
e w hee
l B
P
r ot o-Su lpha te o f Iron, 2o z. o f h ot D i s
-
c
an b e revolv ed a th igh s peed. T h
is will
t
i
lled Wa ter. M ix t ogeth er 2p a rts o fN o
.
d
r y t he fi
lm v e
ry q u
ick ly. T h
is d evice is
1a nd 1p art o f N o
. 2 .
a
l
so g o od f or a mateur m o t
ion p i
cture d e
-
v
elop ing. Py ro D
e velop er. —D i sso lve a nd k eep i n
t
ight f it
ting s topp ered b ottl e
s. N o. 1 . 5 0
gm . o fP yr oga l
lic A cid, 1 50 g r
. o fS od ium
PHOTOGRAPH IC BATHS . S
u lph ite, 1 0 g r
. o f C itri c A cid, 1o z. o f
(DEVELOPERS). Distilled Wa t er
. N o
. 2 . 5 0 g r
. o fP ota s
-
Eikonog en D evelop ers. —No . 1 . 2 0 o. s
z ium B rom ide, 1o z
. o f I Vater. N o
. 3 . 2
Distilled Wa t er
, 2o z. of S ulphite ofS oda drm . of Ammon ia ( 0.880) , 21. 1o z
. o fD is
-
(cryst.), o
z. o fE ikonog en C rystal
. t
il
l ed Wa ter. T ake 1p art o fe a ch a nd m ix.
5
1
5
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

T
intypes Deve
loper
.- 1 oz. o
f Dis
til
l ed F
it ac ork st
opp er Bi nto A a nd g
lue t o B
Water
, 14 gm. o
fS ulpha
te Ir
on, 10 g
r. of ar ound t i
n o r brass di
sc D o f abou t 4
S
al
tpeter
, 30 min. of Ac
eti
c A c
id, 2m in. i
nches di
am eter
. P ut the tu
be Ai n ag l
ass
o
f Nitr
ic Acid
. F containing w ater. Next p ut k nown
we
igh t
s, say Y4
, a
nd 1o unce, o
n D a nd
mark t he w ater
level f or these d iferent
BRO WN OR S
EPIA TONES ON BROM
ID
p
oints o n the t ub
e. P
repare as tr
ip o f
AND GASL
IGHT PAPER
.
d
rawing p aper and graduate itt osu
it t h
ese
P
hotog
raph
ic P
r
int
ing P
ape
r:— marks of 74, Y2 a nd 1 ounc e
. P aste t h
is
p
aper s c
ale ins
ide t h
e t u
be A , tak
ing c are
S
OLUTION No
. 1
.—Bleach
ing S
o
lut
ion
.
B
romid o
f Ammon
ia 1o
z
. t
og et itint he r
ight plac
e, and the balance
Wate
r 1
6 o
z
. i
sc ompleted. A b alance of t h
is typ
e h as

S
oLunoN No . 2.
F
err
icyan
id o
f P
ota
ssimu 1o
z
.
Wat
er 1
9 o
z
.
S
OLUTION No. 3.—Brown
ing S
o
lut
ion
.
S
ulf
id of S
oda 1oz
.
Water 1
2 oz
.
(
Do n
ot c
onfu
se S
ul/
id w
ith S
ulf
i
te.)
D
irect
ions f o
r Brown o r Sepia T ones on
B
romid or G asl
ight Photograph ic paper: —
T
ake ap r
int f r
om the negat
iv e inth e u
sual
m
anner, develop a
nd f i
x; w hen t ho
rough ly
w
ashed, pla
ce i n d
eveloping t ray
, a nd de-
v
e
lop t i
l
l i mage becomes f a
int i n:—
S
o
lut
ion N
o. 1 4o
z
. S
mal
l W
ei gh
i
ng Balan
ce M ad
e f r
om Te
st
-tu
be
a
nd V
es
sel Co
nta
inin g L
i
quid
.
S
o
lut
ion N
o. 2 4o
z
.
n
o pa
rts t
oget o
ut ofo
rde
r and w
ill s
e
rve
Mix to
gether i
n c
on
tain
er b
o
ttl
e; l
a
bel
v
e
ry w e
ll f
or w
eigh
ing p
hotog
raph
ic c
hem-
b
l
eaching fl
u
id.
i
c
al
s, et
c.
Wa sh once only
, (too m uch washing w i
ll
s
poi
l t he w ork) ; t h
e s o
lut
ion s w i
ll
k
eep indef
inite
ly. A ft
er w ashing the pr
in t
, VALUABLE H
INTS FOR PHOTO
f
i
l
l t h
e dev e
loping t r
ay with w ate
r, placing
W ORKERS
.
t
he pr
int i n the tray wi
th t h e water
, a nd
a
dd a t ea
spoon ful of brown ing s o
lution). B
orrLEs. —Bett
er t o s
e
nd t h
e u nknown
c
ontents of ab ot
tle down t he si
nk t han
S
OLUT
ION No. 3—Deve
lop t
i
ll t
h
e d
e-
r
i
sk s po
il
ing a f o
rmu la wi
th i t
. D o not
s
i
red t
one isac
qui
red
, a
nd wa
sh we
ll i
n
r
unn
ing wa
ter
. w
ait for la
bels t
o drop of
; give the lo
t an
i
n
sp ec
tion every th
ree or si
x m onths, and
S
o
lut
ion w
il
l n
o
t k
e
ep. r
eplace any w h
ich are becoming i l
egible
.
Don't wait ti
l
l th
is has h
appened.

A S
IMPLE WE
IGH
ING BALANCE
. L
ABEL SO N BOTTLES C
ONTAINING SOLU-
A f
a
i r
ly sens
itive sca
le can b e m
ade i n T
I
ON. —P lace th
e labe
l in s
uch a pos
it
ion
afew minute
s asf o
llows: T ake ate
st-
tub e t
h
at you can in
dica
te by a
n a
rrow point o
n
A of abou
t 1i nch diame
t er by 8i nches t
h
e labe
l j us
t how far u
p inth
e bot
tle th
e
l
o
ng, and put i
nto itsome m elt
ed paraff
ine s
t
ock solution comes when making up a
G sot
h at t
he tube fl
oa
ts upright i
nw ater. f
r
esh lo
t.
 PHOTOGRAPHY
. 5
3

WA STE B ox. —Do n ot t hrow s pent F

or th
e lamp procure one o
f the l
amps
m
atches, plat
e-box w rapper
s, bi
ts of s
tr
ing, n
ow used i
n opera
tion with a one o
r two
o
r anything else (not ev
en c i
garet
te ends
) c
e
ll dry ba
ttery fla
sh-
light; t
hey can be
o
n the fl
oor, but inthe waste b
ox ( ala
rge- b
ought i
n th
e 5a nd 10 cent s
t
o r
es f
or a
d
ime
.
s
i
ze bi
scu i
t t i
n isjust th
e size and s
hape).
E
verything on t h
e fl
oor makes fo
rd us
t.
S
ECOND S PENDULUM . —A l i
tt
le o ver a
y
ard o ffi
re st
r
ing , t
he bob of a
n old cl
ock
,
al ong b i
t of b ra
ss chain. Th
is c l
ink
s
a
gainst t h
e rim o f ah al
f-pound t o
bacco
-
b
ox l i
d every s
econd sw
ing. The p endulum
h
ang sf r
om an ail i
nthe w a
ll. The p endu
-
l
um i sf orty i
nches lo
ng.

COTTON -BATT ING B OTTLE . —Th is b

ott
le
c
ontained c a
ustic p otash s o
lution. The
s
topper b eing f ixed r e
si
sted " f
i
rm ly but
g
ently" every p ersuasive invi
tation t omove
i
t
. I t wa s tapped o f a t th
e n eck. The
s
houlder o f the b o
ttle w as cut w ith a f
i
le
s
cratch a nd h ot w ir e
. The s harp edge I
mpr ov
ed Idea f
or" M
akin g aPhotographer's Dark
Roo m La mp W hich Incorporates the Ba ttery
.
t
aken o fw ith ah ard p ebbl
e. I tn ow st
ands La mp and Red Co
loring So
lution All i
n One J ar
.

o
n t he s
ink shelf, and h o
lds cotton bat
ting Th
is bat
tery wil
l give about 27 2 v ol
ts
w
ith w hich t os wab t h
e surface of anega- a
nd can b
e used f
or co
n s
tant service
. T he
t
i
v e or use as aq u
ick f i
lt
er. z
inc wi
ll la
st much longer iff ir
st dipped
i
nsul
furic ac
id s
o
lution and rubbed e ickly
TO
OTHBRUSH B ONE HANDLE . —Filed w
ith mercury
. T o open the l amp ci
r cu
it
d
own to make afing
er-na
il shaped end, r
emove th
e zinc r
od
.
w
hich a
c
ts admi
rab
ly as ap l
ate li
ft
er.

HANDY PR
INT
ING AND DARK ROOM
L
IGHT
.
I
MPROVED B
ICHROMAT DARK
-ROOM
The o
rdinary l
i
ghtused in aphotograph
ic
LAMP FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS
.
d
ark ro
om h as s
ev
eral d
isadvantages
, name-
S
ome time ago th
ere appeared a de
scr
ip- l
y
: itd oe
s n ot a
l
low o ne to print by th
e
t
i
on of t
he above ty
pe lamp w hi
ch shows a s
ame li
ght and when used as ad ark room
b
a
ttery and rheos
tat connected in th
e ex- l
amp does not th
row t he nece
ssary ilum-
t
e
rnal ci
rcu
it to li
ght the lamp with
in the i
na
tion o
n t
he d
eve
loping t
r
ays.
r
ed so
lut
ion o f B
ichromat o f Pota
sh. Th
is one, however
, h as nei
the r of th
e
a
bove o b
jections in the idea o u
tlined h ere
H
e r
e i sdesc r
ibed a n improv ement w hi ch
a
s w il
l be s e
en f r
om d iagram . Th e t o
p,
i
sm o r
e c onven ient
, l e
ss e xp
en s
ive a nd y et
which w orks i n groove G , h as e i
ther a
o
ne w hich w ill give good s e
rvice. P lace a wooden f r
ame h olding a piece of red glass
c
arbon a nd z inc within the b o
ttle and c on- o
r r e
d ce
lluloid
. Ah andle m ay be fas
ten ed
n
ect them t ot he l
amp . P ut the fo
llow ing t
ot h
e red glas
s by ac ompound . The f ront
s
o
lu t
ion i n t he bottle; dissolve 2 4 ounc es p
iece A i spivoted on sc
r ews K , at end o f
o
fB ichroma t o fP o
tash i n 1g a
llon ofw at er t
he f r
ame. B y pul
ling out t h
e low er edg e
,
a
nd t hen slow ly add 7 2 ounc es of Sul
fu ric t
he s h
eet of g r
ound g la
ss R , b e
tw een t he
Ac
id. I f o nly o ne
-qua rter o f so
lution i s p
r
in ting frame a nd lamp m ay then b e i n
-
d
esired u s
e o ne
-qua rt
er o f t h
e a bove s
erted af
ter t h
e bulb has been screw ed i n
to
amounts. s
ocket.
5
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

\
Vhen pr
int
ing, th
e sl
ide of red g
las
s o n TO PR
INT A P
ICTURE FRO M THE PR
INT
t
o
p isclo
sed and t
he pr
inting frame pla
c ed I
TSELF
.
o
n to
p with li
ght tu
rned on; t h
e negative The page or pic
ture i ssoak
ed i n asolu-
o
r pap
er can be s
een by p l
acing them s o t
i
on, fi
r
st ofc aust
ic pota
sh a nd then oft a
r-
t
h
at the l
i
ght wi
ll s
hine th
rough t h
em. t
a
ric ac
id. T h
is produces ap erfect di
ffu-
s
i
on o f cry
s ta
ls o f bi
tartarat
e o f potassa
t
h
rough t he texture of the unprinted part
o
f the pape
r. A s thi
s s a
lt res
ists oi
l, the
i
n
k r o
ller may n ow be pass
ed o v
er t h
e sur-
f
a
ce w ithout t r
ansfer
ring a ny p ar
t o f it
s
c
ont
ents except tot h
e printed part.

EMERGENCY BLUE
-PR
INT
ING
.

Recen tly there w as occas

ion t o m ake a
b
lue
-p rint d rawing i n ah urry, b ut found
n
e
ith er a f r
ame n or the b lue-print pap er
l
a
rge e nough f or the work a th and, s o the
f
o
llow ing k i
nks c ame inh andy . T o m ake
afr
am e t a
ke d own ap i
cture f rom the w all
Ho me- made E
lectr
ic Pr
inting and Dark }
loo m
Lamp Co mb
ined
, Wh
ich Wil
l Prove Ex
tre me
ly a
nd r emove e verything e xcep t the g lass
Usefu
l t
o t
he A mateur Photographer
. a
nd f ram e
. T hen s cr
ew f our p i
eces o f
s
pr
ing c opper o n ita sshown i nt he draw -
A
ll c
o
rne
rs a
nd e
dge
s o
fth
e c
a
se s
h
ould
i
ng
. The s i
ze o f the pic
tur e f rame w as
b
e m
ade l
i
ght
-we
igh
t. Zi
s as
h
eet o
f r
e
d
1
6x20 a nd, having t wo backs f or th
e r egu-
g
l
ass t
h
rough w
hich t
h
e d
eve
lop
ing l
i
ght
l
a
r 8 x 10 p hotographic frames, f i
x them u p
f
a
ll
s. T
he g
l
ass m
ay b
e e
i
ther h
e
ld i
n
a
s shown . T his f r
ame p rov e
s t o be v ery
s
mal
l g
r
oov
es r
a
bbe
ted i
n o
r b
y s
mal
l s
e
rvic eable and f i
l
ls the re
qui rem ents which
g
r
oov
ed m
old
ing
s. a
re ne eded.
To m ake the bl
ue-pr
int p
aper p
r
oc eed a
s
f
o
llow s
: O b
tain a f a
ir
ly good grade of
A S
IMPLE W AY TO MAKE YOUR O WN d
rawing p aper ( R
ives or S
axe p
aper
, i fit
VELOX PAPER
. c
an be obtained), and cu
t down t
o the re
-
T
ake a
ny s
moo
th p
i
ece o
f p
aper a
bou
t q
u
i r
ed s i
ze
. N ex
t m ake up ablue-pr
int
4
" x4
" (
g
los
sy p
ape
r i
sbe
st) a
nd c
ov
er s
o
lution a s fol
low s
:
w
ith ac
o
ating o
fsi
lv
er n
i
tra
t (
Ag NO 3)
, S
olut
ion A
.— W a
ter
, 2ounc
es; p
o
tass
ium
u
s
ing a c
ame
l's h
a
ir b
ru
sh. I
f t
h
is i
sex
- f
e
rricyan
ide (
red p
rus
sia
te)
, 120 g
rain
s.
p
o
sed u
nder ag
ood n
ega
tiv
e t
owa
rd t
h
e s
un S
olut
ion B
.— W a
ter
, 2o unce
s; a
mmonia
af
i
ne p
r
int w
i
ll b
e o
b
tain
ed o
f ad
e
ligh
tfu
l c
i
tra
t e of i
r
on, 1
40 gr
ain
s. ( Any p
ropo
r-
d
ark br
own. I t c
an b
e f
i
xed i
n s
o
dium t
i
on oft h
e a
bove c
an b
em ade.)
t
h
iosu
lfate (
hypo
.) a
bou
t 5gram
s t
o 2
00 When th
ey ar
et horoughly d
i
ssolv
ed, mix
c
.
c
. o
f w
ater
. D
o n
o
t l
e
ave i
n s
o
lut
ion a
nd f
i
lter
, and a
lwaysk eep i
n acl
ean b
ot
tle.
o
v
er t
h
ree m
inu
tes
, a
sitw
il
l t
a
ke t
h
e c
o
lor B
e ca
reful no
t tole
t t o
o m u
ch st
rong l
ight
o
u
t o
fth
e p
r
int
. T
hen w
ash
. a
c
t upon th
is so
lut
ion.
 PHOTOGRAPHY
. 5
5

T
he b
e
st w
ay t
ose
nsi
tize t
h
e p
ape
r i
sto
w
ork b
y a
n o
r
ang
e l
i
ght s
im
ila
r t
oth
e l
i
ght
u
s
ed i
n b
r
omide p
r
int
ing i
n p
hotog
raphy
.
F
loa
t t
h
e p
ape
r o
n t
h
is s
o
lut
ion u
nt
il i
tli
e
s
p
e
rfe
ctly f
l
a
t. D
o n
ot t
a
ke i
tou
t o
f t
h
e
s
o
lut
ion c
a
rel
ess
ly, b
ut s
l
ide i
tou
t b
y g
r
asp
-
i
n
g t
wo c
o
rne
rs, s
l
id
ing i
tov
er t
h
e s
u
rfa
ce
o
f t
h
e w
ate
r. I
fiti
sde
sir
ed t
oke
ep s
ome
o
fth
e p
ape
r f
o
r f
u
tur
e u
s
e t
h
is c
an b
e d
one
b
y r
o
ll
ing i
tup
, w
ith t
h
e s
e
nsi
tiz
ed s
u
rfa
ce
o
n t
h
e i
n
sid
e, a
nd k
e
eping i
n at
i
n b
ox f
r
ee
Mak
ing
f
r
om l
i
ght
. an E mergency Blue
Large S
-Pr
ize
.
int
ing Fra me o
f

l
e
t
s
 B
lu
e-P
rin
tand O
the
rPap
ers
.
BLUE PR
INT
ING
. Th e p aper i sc oated b yp ass ing t he sp onge
T
o o
b
tain w
hit
e l
i
nes o
n ab
l
ue g
round
: l
i
ght ly o ver t he surfac e thr ee o r f ou r t imes
,
f
i
rst l engthw ise a nd t hen c ro s
sw ise
, g iving
SO
LUT ION No . 1. t
he p ap er as d ry ac oating a sp oss
ib le c o
n-
Ammon ia C itrat of Iron 1oz
. s
i
sten t w ith a n even c oating . Th e t reated
Water 4oz
. p
ape r i st h
en h ung u p t o d ry.
SO
LUT ION No .2 . Th e a bov e p ap er w ill r equ ire a b out f i
ve
F
err
icyan id o f Potass
ium 1oz
. m
inu te s t o p r
int. F or a q uick p r
in ting
COATING SO LUTION: p
ape r u se al a
rger p ropo rtion o ft he c i
t rate
.
D
irec
tion s—M ix equal port
ions of s o
lu-
Ab lue p r
in t i sm ad e in ap rin t
ing f rame
t
i
on N o. 1a nd N o. 2. C oa
t the paper with
s
imilar t o t hat f or p rinting p ictu res. T he
acam e
l's hair bru sh (l
ike pain
ting ) or rub
p
roc es
s i s
, b r
iefly, t o e xpo se t he t racing,
o
n s o
lution w i
th a t u
ft of absorbent c o
t-
w
ith t he b lue p r
in t p ap er u nd er i tf or a
t
on
. A ny g ood b ond paper wil
l d o
, am at
p
rop er l ength o f tim e, a nd t hen r emov e t h
e
s
urface w r
i t
ing p aper i s good. Paper
p
ape r a nd w ash i ti nw ater. T o prin t p l
ace
s
hould b e d r
ied a ft
er c oa
ting i n ad ark
t
he t racing w ith i t
s f ace a gain st t he g la
ss
r
oom , develop i n w at
er.
o
f t he f r
am e. Th en l ay t h
e p ape r w ith i t
s
s
ens
i t
iz ed s ide n ext t h e t r
acing . Th e b ack
o
f t he f ram e i st hen c lamp ed i n p osition
HO W TO COUNT PAPER SHEETS
a
nd t he f ram e t urned o ver s ot hat t he g la
ss
RAPIDLY
.
i
su p a nd t he r ays o f t he s un w ill f a
l l on
B
elow i sg iv
en a f ormu la for the rap
id
i
ta t r i
gh t a ngles. The a b ov e o p erations
c
ounting ofp aper sheets
. Th i
s m e
thod h a
s
s
hould b e c ar r
ied o ut i n t he d ark o r d im
b
een u s
ed and f o
und t o be very accurat
e:
l
i
gh t
.
F
irst, th
e t h
i ckness of o ne shee
t o f pa
-
p
er ism easured i n thousand ths of an in
ch Wh en t he e xposur e i s f inish ed r emov e
w
ith a m icrom eter, t h
en m easur
e t he to- t
he p rin t
, w a sh i ti n c l
ea r w at er a nd h ang
t
al t h
icknes
s o f the s heets o f paper t o u
p t o d ry i nt h
e d a rk.
b
e counted. T he total thickness isdiv
ided S
hou ld a ny l i
ne s o r dim ension s h av e been
b
y the th
ickness ofo ne s h
e e
t. l
e
ft o ut o f the t racing t hey m ay b e p ut i n
t
he p rin t
, u sing a s o
lu t
ion o f b aking s oda
i
nw at er and a n o rdina ry p en .
BLUE PR
INTS AND BLUE PR
INT
ING
.
Since the m aking o f plans i ss o closely
THE PREPARAT
ION AND USE OF BLUE
-
a
l
lied w ith p ractical w o rk i t i s though t
PR
INT PAPER
.
t
hat af ew w ord s o n t he m anu fac ture
a
nd u se o f ab lue p rin t pap er
, w hich The f o
llow ing d escr
ibes t he m anufa c
-
c
an b e m ade a nd u sed b y t he o rdina ry t
u
r e ofblue-print pap
er int e
rm s tha
tc a n be
amateur w ith e xcellent r esult
s, w ould n ot e
a
sily understood b y a
ny one. N o dif
icul ty
b
e a mis
s. s
h
ou ld be exp er
ienced in ei
th er the m aking
Solut
ion 1 .—C itrate o f iron a nd a m- o
r the u
se o ft h
e paper.
monia, 1p art b y w e
igh t; w ater, 5p art s by I
n order t hat t
he bes
t result s b
eo btain ed
w
eigh t
. i
ti sneces
sa ry that good m at er
ial be u sed.
Solut
ion 2 . —R ed p russiate o f potash , 1 A
ll vesse
ls i n w h
ich t he so
lu tion i sm ade
p
art b y weigh t; w a
t e
r, 5p a
rts b y w eigh t
. s
hould be k ept cl
ean and w hen n ot inu se
M ix t h
e t wo s o
lutions i n t h
e d a
rk o r s
h
ou ld have w ate
r i n th
em a s f
ar as p os-
s
ubdu ed li
gh t
, a nd a pply t ot h
e p aper, w ith s
i
ble. D o n o
t u s
e soap w hen w ash
ing t he
ac am el
's h air b ru sh o r, f a
iling t h
is, a t
r
ay s
, as t he leas
t t r
ace w i
ll d o harm t o
s
pong e
. t
h
e s o
lution.
5
6
 BLUE
-PRINT AND OTHER PAPERS
. 5
7

Where ord
ina ry w ork istob e d
one, a
ny n
ot b
e mixed pr
operly or t
he p
aper may b
e
k
i
nd o f well sized pap er wil
l answer, i
f t
oo a
bsorbent
, in w h
ich cas
e the so
lut
ion
t
ough enough t o be w a
shed. Difer
ent w
il
l g
o into t
hepapera nd w
illnotcomeo u
t
g
rades o
fu ns
en s
itized papers c
an be b
ought w
hen w ash
ing, thus cau
sing th
e print to
a
t eng
ineer
s a nd p ho
to s upp
ly houses
. f
a
de in as h
ort ti
me.

The fo
llowing formula isfor agood so
- A
fter th
e paper ha
s dr
ied ha
rd and with-
l
u
tion t
hat will gi
ve exce
llent r
e
sult
s tothe o
ut t
he sl
ight
est tr
aceofd ampnes
s itsh
ou ld
a
mateur
; t h
is solut
ion i smade up of two b
e ro
lled up and put in
to an ai
rt
ight (tin
s
a
lts
, di
ssolved inw ater and a
ppl
ied to t
he o
r c
ardboard) tube and k
ept in ada
rk and
d
ry pla
ce.
s
u
rface of t
he paper:
S
olut
ion No. 1. P
r
inting i s t
he e xpos
ing o f the sens
i-
F
erro
cyan
id of po
tas
sium 1o
z
. t
i
z ed p
ap e
r tothe ac
tion of apow e
rful li
ght
P
ure or d
is
til
led water 6o
z
. w
ith the copy t
ob e print
ed plac
ed over the
p
aper. T he d
ir
ect r ays o
f th
e sun are b
est
S
olution No
. 2.
f
or pr
inting, b
ut th
e e l
ectr
ic a
rc isnear
ly as
Ammon
ioc
itrat of i
ron 1o
z
.
q
uick and h a
s the a dvantag
e o f be
ing al-
P
ure o
r di
sti
lled wa
ter 6o
z
. w
ay s cons
tant— regardless o
f weather
.
Wh en so
lut
ion
s ar
e t
obe u
sed mix e
qual
The d r
aw ing, t r
acing or nega t
ive i s
p
ar
ts o f 1and 2 a
nd f
i
l
ter t
hrough co
tton
p
lac
ed in the frame next t
o th
e g l
ass with
o
r fi
l
ter paper
. This s
o
lut
ion we wi
ll ca
ll
t
he pap
er u nder it
,having i
t
s sens
itive si
de
N
o. 3.
u
p. E xposure w i
ll vary f
rom t wo t o t
en
The s
olut
ions shou
ld be app
lied to the m
inutes
, according tot h
e l
i
ght and trac
ing.
p
aper i
n ad ark a
nd dry r
oom with av e
ry The co
rrect time isonly f
ound b y exper
i-
s
ubdued l
igh
t— jus
t enough t
obarely s
e
e by
. e
nce
.

Small sh
eet s of t he pap
er m ay be bes
t A
fter th
e paper i
ss uf
ic
iently e
xpo
sed, i
t
c
over ed by f
loating u pon th
e su
rface of No
. i
staken fr
om t he fr
am e and immer
sed in
3
. Th is isd one b y tak
ing as hee
t by two abath of cl
ean running w a
ter
. A p r
int
d
iagona l c
orne r
s a nd lay
ing itgently o
n th
e s
hou
ld be w a
shed for not le
ss t
han fi
teen
s
urfac e o
f the s o
lution. Th is method do
es m
inutes o
r itwill f
ade when pla
ced in t
he
away w ith t he p oss
ibil
ity of air bubbl
es l
i
ght
.
f
orming .
Exce
llent pr
ints m ay b e m ade int h
e fo
l-
O ne minute o
r le
ss w
ill be suf
ic
ien
t for l
ow ing m anner: S l
igh tly e xpose the p r
int
s
ens
itiz
ing. R emove t
he paper by d
rawing s
o t hat wh en itisw ashed t h
e w hite li
nes
o
ver t h
e e dge o
f the t
ray to remove any a
re n ot cl
ear but appear b lu
ish. T ak e t
he
s
urplus liqu
id. T ake c
are t o p
rev
ent any p
r
in t o
ut o f t
he ba
th a nd l a
y i ton at a
ble
s
o
lution f rom get
ting o
n t he back o
f the a
nd s ponge i twith a s o
lution m ade u p of
p
aper. o
ne p ound o fbi
chroma te ofp otash a nd two
g
allons ofw a
ter
. T he l i
nes w il
l come o ut
L
arge p i
eces are be
st sens
itized b y ta
ck- p
ure w h
ite and t h
e b ackg round a n i n
tense
i
ng down u pon as mooth tab
le w ith thumb b
lue. Wa sh pr
int th oroly a nd d r
y.
t
acks and p aint
ing t h
e s o
lut
ion o n w ith a
White line
s m ay be added tob lue prints
w
id e camel's ha
ir brush T ake c are to g
et
b
y the u
se o f as o
lution m ade of soda and
i
to n q
uickly and evenly
. D ry the paper by
w
ater tow hich as ma
l l q
uantity o
fp repa r
ed
h
anging u p b y i
t
s corner
s t o aw i
r e so t
hat c
ha
lk h a
s b een added t o th
icken i t
. T his
i
t will s wing f r
ee. B efore s e
nsit
izing a s
o
lution m ay be appl
ied with a r ul
ing p en.
b
atch of pap er itwould b e b
est t o make a E
ngineers g ene
rally u s
e aw hi
te, r ed o r
t
r
i a
l shee
t a nd print it
. The s o
lution m ay y
e
llow p encil for making c orr
ections.
5
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

EXPLOS
IVE PAPER
. Hang itu
p t
odry i
nsuch amanner t
ha
t
i
twil
l not t
o
uch a
ny
thing b
ut t
h
e m ean
s of
D
issolve s om e I odine c rys
tals i n a qua -
ammon ia; t he a moun t m akes n o dife renc e s
uppor
t.
a
nd t he c rys
ta ls s hould n ot be entirely d is- No
t e:—Do not try to dry th
e p aper
s
o
lv ed f o
r b e
s t r e
su lt
s. T hen pour t h
e s o- b
e
tw een s
h
eets o
fbl
ott
ing paper a
sthi
sw i
ll
l
u
tion i n af i
lter p aper t of i
lt
er. Th e p re- a
b
sorb some o
fthe s
al
t so
lution a
nd render
c
i
pitate s hou ld t hen b e p u
t o n d if eren t t
h
e p ole t
es
t pape
r i n
sensit
ive to s ma
ll
p
i
e ces ofp ape r and l e
ft tod ry. Wh en d ry v
o
ltages
.
t
he p ape r w ill e x p
lode i f touched; t he
t
h
ick er t he p recipita t
e h as been p u
t o n t he Wh en dry the pole te
st paper isr e
ady
p
aper t he l oude r t he report
. Aj oke c an b e f
or use. I t isused a s fo
llows: T ake a
p
layed b y a nyone b y p l
acing i t
, w h en a l
- s
t
rip o f the paper m ea
suring a b
out o ne-
most dry, w here t hey w i
ll touch itw hen i t h
alf inch by one and o n
e-half in
ches a nd
i
sd ry
. D on' t h and le w hen d ry becau se i t mo
ist
en i tsl
igh
tly with water. T hen place
w
ill e xplode v ery e asi
ly. Th e e xplosion s t
he end s o
f the wire
s t o be t
es
ted o n t h
e
a
re ha rml ess t oa nyone b ut t h
ey cau se h eat p
aper i n s
uch a pos
ition tha
t they will be
a
nd f o
r t h
is r eason c ar
e s hould b e t a
k en a
bout t h
ree
-quarte
rs o fan in
ch apart
.
where t hey i g
nite. Th e c orre
ct propo rtion I
f the
re i s ap o
tent
ial d ifer
ence ( v
olt-
c
an b est b e f ound b y e xper
im ent, s i
nc e i t a
ge) b
etw een th
e two wires, adeep re
d spot
d
if er
s w i th t he m a t
e r
ial. If o
und 1p art w
il
l appear on the p
aper ato n
e oft h
e wires
o
f I odine t o 5p art
s o f a mmon ia t o g ive a
nd a b l
ue s p
ot w i
ll appear a t t
he other
g
o od result s
. w
ire. T he wire a t which t h
e blue s p
ot
a
ppear
s ist h
e negat
ive and the one a
tw hich
t
he re
d spot shows up ist h
e p o
sit
ive
.
POLE TEST PAPER
.
When the po
tentia
l d iference between
Undoub t
ed ly m any a mateur e l
ectricians t
h
e w ir
es islow the red s p
ot w i
ll som e
-
h
ave b een a nnoyed by t he t rouble inf i
nd- t
ime
sn ot s
how
. A s the blu
e s p
ot, h
ow ever
,
i
ng w hich w as the pos
itiv e, and w h
ich w as w
il
l a p
pear
, itw i
ll indica
te t he negat
ive
t
he n egative o f the t wo w ire
s, especially w
ire; th
e oth
er, ther
efore, being pos
itive
.
when t he so urce of curr ent c ou
ld n o
t b e
I
f you c a
nnot o b
tain red li
tmus p aper
,
r
eached o rw here th
e w ires w ere twisted so
u
se blue li
tmus p ape
r i n
stead
. Th e blue
a
s t o m ake i td i
ff
icult t o d i
st
inguish o ne
s
po
t, h owever
, w i
ll not show up very no-
f
rom t he o ther. I n storag e ce
lls and b a
t-
t
i
ceab
ly i n th
is ca
se, but the r
ed sp
o t wi
ll
t
eri
es t he poles are frequ ently not m a
rk ed
i
nd
icate the p
os
itivewirea nd th
e ot
he rwire
a
nd t o fi
nd t he pos
itiv e a nd the n ega t
ive w
il
l t her
efore of nece
ssi
ty b e t
he negat
ive
p
oles on e will have to r esort to ap ola r
ity o
ne
.
i
ndicator, w hich isan e xpen s
ive ins
trum ent
I
funabl e top rocure l i
tmus paper, itcan
f
o
r m
ost e
xpe
rim
ent
ers
.
b
e prepared a sf o
llow s
: B o
il some r e
d cab-
A simple method o f get
ting rid of th
is b
age leave
s i nw a
ter u n
til ac oncoc
tion ofa
a
nnoyanc e wi
th b ut l i
t
tle expense is as d
eep reddish p urpl e isobtained
. T reat th
is
f
o
llows: A t ad rug orc hemica
l s t
ore p
ro- c
oncoct
ion w ith af ew dr ops ofw h
ite vine-
c
ure some red li
tmu s paper a
nd thoroughly g
ar u n
til i tt urns t o ab right
er r ed co
lor.
s
oak iti n as o
lution o f o
ne table
spoonful I
nto this s o
lution d ip pieces of fi
l
ter, bl
ot-
o
fs a
lt in atumb ler full o
fw ater. Wh en t
i
ng o r u nglaz ed p aper
. Wh en d ry the
t
horoughly soaked r emove the paper fr
om c
olor o f the p aper s h
ould b e ad eep pink.
t
he so
lution and c a
refu
lly, soasn ot t
ot e
ar I
f i ti sl i
ght er t he red c abbage s o
lut
ion
i
t
. s
hould b e b o
il ed l o
nger.
 BLUE
-PRINT AND OTHER PAPERS
. 5
9

T
he p aper t hus treated c an th
en , af
ter p
in fas
t, and rub ove
r with as p
oon handl e
;
d
rying, be treated with t he sa
lt so
lu t
ion to a
nd e v
ery partoft h
e rai
sed fi
gurew i
lls h
ow
make the p o
le t e
st pap er as prev
iou s
ly d e
- u
pon t he pla
in clo
th. T o ta
ke impress
ion s
s
c
ribed. o
f leaves on paper
, p l
ace the le
af between
After us
ing p ol
e tes
t p aper itcan bedried t
wo s heet
s o f th
is paper
, and r ub over it
a
nd l a
id aside t o b
e u sed over again. A f- h
ard, t h
en t ak
e t h
e l e
af out and place it
t
er itisw orn ou t i
tm ay be renewed a sfo
l- b
etween t wo shee
ts o f white paper; r ub
l
ows: D ip i n
to vinegar u nt
il al blue spo
ts a
gain, and y ou will have ab eaut
iful i m-
d
i
sapp ear
, t hen d i
p into w ater so as to re
- p
ress
ion o fboth si
des oft h
e lea
f or fl
ow er
.
move the vinegar, th
en s oak ins a
lt so
lution
a
sd escr
ibed a bove and t he paper will b
e a s
g
ood a s new . T h
is c an be r ep
ea t
ed a ny S
TICKY F
LY PAPER
.
n
umb er o f time
s u nti
l t he paper tear
s. R
es
in, 1lb
.; Mola
sse
s, 32o
unc
es. B
oi
l
u
nt
il t
hick e
nough
.

AN AC
ID THAT S
ETS F
IRE TO PAPER
. ) TR
ICK C
IGARETTE PAPERS
.
P
er chloric a c
id i sone o f t he m os t ener- Tak e c ommon c igar e
t te p ap ers a nd d ip
g
et
ic o xidizing a gen ts k nown . T he c on- them i n
to as o
lution o fs altpete r a nd w a
t er;
c
entra ted a c
id c ontains 6 3
.68 p e
r c ent of be s ure t hey a ie t horough ly i mpregna ted,
o
xygen , w i
th a p ortion o f w hich i tp arts
t
hen l ay t h
em o ut t od ry. Wh en t h
ey a re
most r eadily i n c ontact w ith c ombu s
tible
d
ry r e p
la ce t hem i n t he
ir o r
ig inal p ackag e
m
a terials. I f ad rop o f t h
e a cid isa low ed
a
nd h and t hem t o af r
i end. H e w ill r e
-
t
o fall u pon a p iece o f p aper, t he l a
tter i s
c
e
iv e t he s urp ris
e o fh i
s l i
fe
.
i
gn
ited . I texplode sw i
th c har coal, and a l
so,
b
ut m ore v i
olently, w ith e ther. I n a ppear-
a
nce, p erchloric a cid r esemb les s u
lphu ric ARSEN IC I N W ALL PAPER .
a
c
id, b e
ing ac o
lorless o i
ly f l
uid , 1.78 t imes The f ollow ing s imp l
e t e
s t
, f or a rsenic
a
sh eavy a sw at
er. i
nw all p ap er, w hich w il l an sw er a l p ur-
p
oses i sg iv en : T ak e som e o f t h
e c o
loring
matter f rom t h
e s uspect ed p aper a nd d i
s-
MAG IC PAPER .
s
o
lve i tin al i
t
tle a mmon ia hydrox ide. P our
Take l ard o i
l
, o rs weet o i
l, m ixed t ot h
e of t he s o
lu tion o n ap iece o fg lass and d rop
c
onsistenc e ofc ream , w ith e i
ther o ft h
e f o
l- in
to t he l i
qu id a c rystal o f s ilver n i
tra te
.
l
owing p aints
, t h
e c olor o fw hi ch isd esired: Ay e
llow c olor a round t h
e c r ystal will i n
-
P
ru s
s ian b lue, lampb la ck, V ene tian r ed, or dicate t he p resenc e o fa rsenic.
c
hrome g reen, e i
th er o f w hich s hou ld b e
r
ubbed w ith ak n
ife o n ap l
ate o rs t
one u nti
l TO TRANSFER ENGRAVING OR PRINTS .
s
moo th . U se r a
ther t hin b u t f i
rm p aper;
Pl
ac e t he e ngrav ing s o r pr
in ts for af ew
p
ut o n with as pong e, a nd w ipe o f a sd ry
s
econd s o v er t h
e v apo r ofi odine . D ip as l
ip
a
s c onv enient; t h
en l ay t hem b etw een u n
-
o
fw hite p ap er in a% w
eak s olu tion o fs t
ar ch
c
olored p aper, or b etw een n ew spape rs
, a nd
a
nd w hen d r y in aw eak s o
lu tion o f oi
l o f
p
ress b y l a
ying b o ok s o r s ome o ther f la
t
v
i
t riol
. When a g a
in d ry l a
y t he p aper o n
s
ubstanc e u pon t h
em u n
til t he s u
rp lus o i
l
t
he e ngr aving a nd p lace b oth f or af ew
i
sa bs orbed, w hen i ti sr ead y f or u se
.
mom en ts u nde r ap ress.
D
i rections. —Fo r t ak
ing o f
f p attern s o f
embro idery p lace ap ie
c e oft h
in p aper o ver
TO MAKE W ATERPROOF PAPER .
t
he e mbroide ry top reven t so
iling ; t hen l a
y
o
n t he m agic p aper, a nd p ut o n t he cloth P
a
in t w ith e qua l p a rts c opal v arnish.
y
ou w ish t ot ak
e t he co py on, t oe mb roider; boiled l i
nse ed o i
l a nd t urpen tine .

l
e•
 P
l
ating
.
A HAND E
LECTROPLAT
ING OUTF
IT. F
il
te r o f t he w ater
, o r if there i s
The plating outf
it consi s
ts o f ar ubber n
o fi
lter paper handy, p our o f the water
b
al
l, A, fi
tted atone end w ith ag las
s t u
be, a
nd repeat u nt
il al
l t h
e e fec
ts of the sa
lt
B
, w h
ich c arr
ies as mal s ponge. R od D h
ave d i
sappeared. T o t h
is w h
ite powd er
p
as
ses th
rough t he r
ubber b al i n
to the gl
ass a
dd t wo oun ce
s of c yanide of potas
sium*
t
ube
, B, a nd car
ries at that e nd t
he a no& a
nd three ounces of hyps o
sulphate of s
oda.
E
. A s mall gl
ass tube
, F , a l
so connects Now a dd t o al
l this t wo quart
s o f pure
t
he r
ubber b a
llwith the larger tube
, B. Th e r
a
in w ater and t h
e s i
lver m ix
ture isc om-
c
onnect
ion s fr
om t h
e batter y tothe ca
thode p
le
te.
G
, the object tobe plat
ed , a nd tothe pro- The p la
ting isdone int hefol
low ing man-
j
ec
ting end oft h
e anode ca rrying r
od D a re n
er. H ang the art
icle to be pla
ted i n t
he
s
o
lu tion a t the end o f astr
ip of lead or i
f
more c onv en
ient
, i mm ers
e t h
e art
icle inthe
s
o
lu tion a nd boil itf o
r ten or twenty min-
u
tes, a ccording to the thickness of th
e si
l-
v
ering d es
ired. T o obta
in b es
t r e
sult
s the
a
rt
ic les t o be p la
ted m ust be f ree fr
om
g
reas e and o i
l or di
rt.

S
ILVER PLATED PENNIES
.

I
n as olu tion o fm ercu ric n it
rate p lace a
c
ent s o t ha
t t he c oin w i
ll b e comp l e
t e
ly
c
ove red b y t he l iquid. Ac h em ical reaction
i
mm ediate ly t ak e
s p lace ; t h
e c opper, h aving
ag reater a fini ty f or t h e n itra t
e t han t he
mercury , f orm s ac opp er n itrate, cau sing
t
he m ercur y t o b e d epo s
ited o n the c ent
,
which g iv es i t as i
lv er-pla ted a ppearanc e.
I
f m ercur ic n itrat e c anno t b e bough t i t
A Neat Syste m o f E
lectroplating, Eliminating the
Usual Muss and Trouble .
c
a n e
as
il y b
e made b
y di
ss ol v
in g a small
g
lobu le o f m e rcu ry i n al i
ttle c oncent rated
made a s in t he di
ag ram . T he r ubb er ball nitric a c
id , w arm ing , i fn eces sary, to s tart
i
sfil
led w i
th t h
e e l
ectrop lating f lu
id a nd i s t
he r eact
ion . .
s
queezed s oa st oforce the f l
uid t hrough t he
s
mal t u be, F,i nto th
e l a
rg er tu be, B, fi
ll
ing
i
ta nd s oaking t he spong e. A GOOD S ILVER .PLATLNG SOLUT ION .
The c urren t ist hen t urned o n a nd b y This s olut ion w ill b e f ound o f excellen t
moving t he w et sp
opg,e o ver t h
e c athode, G , use i n silv er-p la t
ing d if eren t p a
rts of e lec-
t
he l a
tt er w ill be plated. t
r
ic al a p par a tu s
, j ew elry, e tc
. Copp er,
Brass a nd G erman s i
lv er a rt
ic les only c an
S
ILVER P LAT ING WITHOUT A BATTERY . b
e p lated.
D
i s
so lv e ab out an ounc e of s i
lver i n two Cut as i
lver q uar ter i nto s mall pi
ece s and
o
unce s o f nitric a c
id. A fter t he s i
lver i s p
lac e in ap o rc elain o rg la s
s d ish. P l
ac e t he
a
l
l d isso lved t h
row i n
to i t api nt of w ater dish, u ncov er ed , i n ap an o f w arm w at er
a
nd f o ur o un ces ofc ommon s a
l t. Th e sa
lt and a dd Y2 o unc eo fn i
t r
ic a cid t ot hem etal.
w
ill p re c
ipitat e ap owd er w hich i sp ure
*This c he mica l is a deadly p o
ison a nd must b e
s
i
lver. handled w ith t he most c are.

6
0
 PLATING
. 6
1

Let dish s tand i nt h

e w ate r unti
l m etal is T
o the o t
he r half o f t
he s i
lver so
lut
ion
a
l
l d i
ssolv ed. N ow a dd 7 2 g i
ll o f water a
dd j u
st suf i
cien t a mmonia w ater to di
s-
a
nd o ne t easpoon ful o f fi
ne s a
lt. L et t h
e s
o
lve the p
r ec
ip itatw hich isf o
rm ed, oronly
p
recip
itat e s e
ttle a nd A l
t er. Add m ore l
eave a f a
in t c loudiness; t hen a dd 3 60
s
a
lt tot he f i
ltrate, a nd ifa ny m or
e p rec
ipi- c
.
c. of wa
ter a nd fil
ter. E qual port
ions of
t
a
te falls fi
lte r again. Wa sh t he prec
ipitate t
hese t
wo solution s
,w hen mixed a nd pou
red
o
n the fi
lterp ape r unti
l t h
e w ater show s no o
n glas
s, will d epos
it ab r
il
lian t co
ating of
a
c
id w hen t est
ed w ith f i
lter p aper. A dd s
i
lver in abou t 1 0 m inutes
, d epending o n
o
ne p i
n t o f w ater t o the p r e
cipitate a nd t
he tempe
ra tur e of th e ro
om .
f
our scrupl e
s o f p otass
ium c yanide
. G reat
c
are m us
t b e u sed i nh and l
ing t he cyanid e
, T
he co
ating o
fsi
lver s
hou
ld t
h
en b
e w
ell
o
r the solution a fter iti sa dded, a s iti sa w
ashed
, dr
ied and v
arni
shed.
d
eadly and a lmo st i n
stantaneou s po
ison. P ut
api
ece o f zi nc a bout 2 x1xY8 i nches int he
s
o
lution a nd i tisr eady f o
r u se.
No el
ectr
ic b a
ttery i sne eded. S imp ly TO S
ILVER BRASS OBJECTS
.
c
l
ean t he a r
tic
les t o be plated i n ah ot M
ix 3 p arts chlor
ide o f si
lver
, 2 0 parts
p
otash so
lu t
ion a nd rinse good i n boil
ing p
owd ered c r
eam o f ta
rtar, 1 5 parts pow -
water
. I mme r
se in the so
lution f o
r a bout d
ered c ommon s a
lt
. Moisten a s u
itable
m
inut
e, a l
lowing t h
e article to res
t o n q
uantity oft he mixture with w ater
, rubb ed
t
he zinc
. Wip e dry with a c lo
th a nd r e
- i
n with a p iece o f b
lotting p ap
e r
. T ake
p
eat
. H eavier coat
ings can b e given b y t
he b lo
tter
, w hich should b e m oi
st, a nd
r
epeat
ing. A rt
icl
e s wi
ll take ah igh polish r
ub the art
icle ( b
rass
) t ob e si
lvered. Wipe
a
nd w ear fi
ne. o
f a ny dust o n the a
rt
icle a nd rub with a
p
i
ece o f c
otton w hich has been du s
ted w ith
p
rec
ipitated c halk
. Th en w a
sh i n w ater
S
ILVER PLATE
.
a
nd p o
lish w i
th a c l
oth.

D
issolve i n s i
lver n it
rate (AgNO 3)
e
nough a mmonium c h
lorid ( NH 4C1) t o
b
r
ing a bout pr
ecipi
ta tion; c r
eam t
o al i
ght SILVER -PLAT ING STEEL.
p
as
te b
y add
ing c
ream o
f t
a
rtar
As i
lver plat
ing for st
eel c
an be m ade a s
(HKC 41406) .A l i
ttle oft h
isp
as
te r ubbed
f
o
llow s: L unar caust
ic, 1 p art
s; s odium
b
r
iskly o n cl
ean m etal w ith a s
of
t c l
oth
h
yposulphit, 2 0 par
ts; sal a mmoniac, 1 2
w
il
l g i
v e th
e d e
sired e f
e ct
.
p
art
s; w hi
ting,2 0 par
ts, a
nd di
st
ill
ed w a
t er
,
2
00 parts
, m ixed to
gether
. B efore applying
t
he si
lver plat
ing tot he a
rt
icl
e cl
ean o f al
l
g
rea
se.
S
ILVER
-PLAT
ING GLASS
.

T
o si
lver
-plate g
la
ss fi
r
st have t
he gl
ass
c
l
ean
. T o cl
ean itwel
l wash itf
ir
st with ELECTRO Z
INC PLAT
ING
,
a
n al
kal
i and t h
en wi
th dis
til
led wat
er.
To z i
nc p l
ate s teel and ot
h e
r m etall
ic
Now d i
ssolve 7.8 gramm es of si
lver n i
- o
b
jects mix t o
geth er about 4dram s of zi
nc
t
r
at in6 0 c.
c. ofw a
ter and div
ide t h
e solu- s
u
lpha te with 4 o unces of water. P lace
t
i
on i n two equal port
ions. D issolve also t
h
is solut
ion ina n o r
dinary g
lass ja
r; next
3
.
11 g ramm es of Rochell
e sa
lt in 180 c .
c. f
a
sten aw i
re t o the pos
itive p
ole of ab a
t-
o
fw ater and he
at the s
olut
ion tot h
e b o
il
ing t
e
ry. L et th
is w ire l a
y submerged in the
p
o
in t
. A dd t o itgradually
, so as n ot to s
o
lution. T he w ire w hich y
ou h ave fas
t-
s
t
op t h
e b o
il
ing, one of the p
ort
ion s of the e
ned t o the negativ e pole o
f t h
e b a
ttery
s
i
lver so
lution, bo
il 10 minutes l
ong er
, cool s
hou
ld b earranged s othat i
twi
ll hold some
a
nd decant the cl
ear li
quid. m
etal o b
ject w hich i sto be zi
nc p la
ted.
6
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

D
rop th
e wire w
ith ob
ject t
o be pl
ated in One s mall t e
aspoon ful s odium b icar-
t
h
e so
lut
ion. Care mus
t be t
ak
en n o
t tolt b
e onate ( b
aking s oda). Th is s o
lu t
ion w ill
t
h
e two wire
s to
uch, fo
r th
is wil
l cause a n
ot co
pper-plates i
lver
, zinc, alum inum, l e
ad
s
h
ort c
ir
cuit o
fth
e bat
tery
. U sing a4 -
vot o
l r c a
rbon, b ut g ive
s t i
n
, t ool s tee
l a nd
n
ick
el af i
ne plat
ing. C l
ean t hea rt
icle thor
-
o
ughly, then dip in t h
e s o
lution f or about
t
wo m inut e
s. R emov e a nd w ipe o f
f t h
e
s
o
lution. D ip i n again f or t wo m inu te
s
a
nd afte
r w iping, pol
ish t h
e article
.

COPPER P
LAT
ING
.
T
o copper plate as mal
l ste
e l ob
ject pro-
c
eed in this w ay: P u
t Y2 t ea
spoonful o f
s
odium b i
sulpha te in 1/5 g l
a s
s o f wate r
.
Now a dd t
e
aspoonful ofa zuri
te. H eat
g
ently to di
ssolve the subs
tanc e
s. D ip the
a
rt
icle tha
t i stob e p
lated in
to t he s
olut
ion
a
nd l e
ave for a bout one-hal
f m inu t
e, a nd
d
ry o n ac l
oth.
I
t s Easy Enough t
o Zinc P la
te an Article
, a s
You Wi l
l Find in Follo w
ing the Instructions
Here w
ith.

D
IRECT
IONS FOR W H
ITE METAL
6
0
-ampere hour st
orag
e ba
ttery the ac
tion
PLAT
ING
.
o
f t
h
e solu
tion will b
e much quicker and
t
h
e qu
icker wil
l the z
inc d
epos
it it
self on Anumb er off i
rms hav e advert
ised w hi
te
t
h
e o
bjec
t connect
ed to t
he c
athode. m
eta
l p lat
ing o utf
its
, f o
r p la
ting k nives
,
f
o
rks
, s poons
, e t
c.
, f o
r w h
ich t hey charge
f
r
om t en to twenty dollars
. B y following
t
he i
n
stru c
tions giv
en b elow, you can, with
L
INING FOR PLAT
ING TANKS
. t
he as
si
stance o f ab l
acksm ith in m aking
t
he c
rucible and h ood, s e
t u p t h
is outfi
t
I
np ick
ling, p
lat
ing and oth
e r me
tal tr
eat-
c
ompl
ete f o
r about t wo d o
llars and a h a
lf
i
ng proces
ses the li
ning for the ac
id-hold-
o
r l
e
ss.
i
ng t
ank s re
quir
es certa
in quali
ties tores
ist
t
h
e c o
r ro
sive ac
tion o f t
he ac
ids. A m ix-
t
ur
e co ns
ist
ing of 75 part
s ( by weight) of l
Ycid /
r
oft P
ond t
ocr
uci
ble
' .e s e
I
/ rmye l
s

p
i
tch, 9p ar
ts pl
aster
-of-pa
ris
, 9p arts oc
hre, L
amiuni m ma
inu
nste
.
1
5 parts beeswax a nd 3 parts li
tharge is
s
a
id tof orm an ef
icient l
in
ing for th
is pur-
p
o
se.

COPPER PLAT
ING WITHOUT
E
LECTR
ICITY
.

'W
ith t h
is copper
-plat
ing s o
lution an ar
-
t
i
cle can be pla
ted int wo m inutes withou
t
a
ny elect
ric current: H o w C
ruc
ible I
s Made f
or W h
ite Me
tal P
lat
ing
.

Fo
rmu la: A dd to3 50 C .C. ofw ater 2
5
C
.C. ofp ure su
lphuric ac
id, 1ta b
lespoonfu
l To m ake th
e h ood — Mak
e a f l
ar
ing
o
f copper s u
lphate crystal
s, 2t ab
lespoon
- g
as
-pip
e 4 x6 i
nches
, weld a bo
ttom in i
t
,
f
u
ls o f a mmonium c h
lo r
ide ( Sal Ammo - a
nd a band a
round the t
op fr
om w h
ich i
t
n
ia
c). h
angs i
ns
ide t
he hood
.
 P
LAT
ING
. 6
3

To m ake the hood — Mak e a f l

ar
ing s
mall end up, then set t h
e iron cr
u c
ibl
e p re-
c
y
linder o f s
he
et i r
on, th
e s mal
l e nd th
e v
i
ou s
ly f i
l
led w ith t he w hi
te m eta
l, in
side
p
rope
r s i
ze tof
itunder th
e ring o
fc ruc
ible
; t
he hood, soe dge w i
ll r e
st on to
p o fsame .
t
h
e o ther end about one
-fou r
th larger in B
u t l
it
tle heat isrequired t om e
lt the me
ta l,
d
i
am eter, a
nd sufi
cient
ly long tohold cru
- wh
ich f o
rm s at hin m etall
ic so
lution. C a re
c
i
ble upright w
ith bot
tom j ust c
lea
r of the s
hould be t ak
en n ot t o g e
t itt o
o h o
t. I f
s
t
ove o r gas p
late
. a
f
ter a n a r
ticle isp l
at ed i tshows ay el-
l
owish co
lor, i tisbecau se oftoo m uch h
e at,
To m ake t he Wh ite Me tal —Pur e t i
n,
wh
ich s hould b e partly t u
rned o f. P ro-
1
0 l bs
., l ead 4o zs
., a ntimony 2 o zs. Me lt
c
e
ed t op la
te a sf o
llow s :
a
nd m ix t horough ly. A b etter g rad e i s
m
ade b y u sing 2o zs. o fp ur e s i
lver i np lac e F
irs
t, p ut a r
tic les t o b e p lated i n J ar
o
f t he a nt
imony . No. 1,a low ing t hem t or ema in t en minu tes
t
or emov e a l
l r ust, e tc
., t hen r i
nse i nclear,
J
ar N o
. I( Pick le S olution) —For i ron
c
o
ld w at er. N ext t ake o ne p iece a t at ime
o
r s t
e el i sc ompo sed o f m uriatic a c
id o nly .
a
nd r i
n se i nJ ar N o. 2f or af ew s e
cond s;
J
ar N o. 2 ( Dip B ath) —D isso lv e 2 t hen i mm e r
s e t he a rticle s low ly i nt h
e c ru-
p
ound s r ef
ined z inc i n 2q ua rts f lu
id h yd ro - c
i
bl e c
on tai n
i ng t
he mel
t ed meta
l; r
a
ise
c
hloric a c
id C . P . Wh en d i
sso lv ed a nd sl
ow ly u p a nd d own o n c
e o rt wice, spr
ink le
c
o
ld , a dd h a
l f at eacup o fc lea r r a
in w a te r al i
t
tle f l
ux o n t he a rticle
, l e
tting s ome o f
o
r f i
l
t er ed w a
t er. (This i s ad ang e rou s t
he f l
ux f a
ll o n t h
e m elted m etal. T h en
s
o
lu tion t o m ix, a si ti sv ery v iol en t w h en draw a rticle f r
om c rucible a nd i mm erse
t
he z i nc i sb eing c onsum ed, a nd g reat c ar e s
l
ow ly i nto J ar N o
. 3 ,w h
ich h ardens t he
s
hou ld b et a
k en.) p
late, aft er w h
ich r inse i nc l
ear w ater a nd
i
ti sfinish ed.
J
ar N o. 3( Ch il
l B a
th) —D issolv e 6o zs.
d
i
-ammon ia c a
rbona te i n 3p ints o f f i
l
t er ed K
niv es, f ork s and s poon ss hou ld bep lated,
water. U se a t at emp eratu r e o f 1 20 d e- o
ne-half a t at im e ; t hen t he o perat
ion r e
-
g
rees F . v
ersed. A bou t o n e m inu te i sr e
quired t o
p
late as i
ngl e a rt
i cle. Al i
t
tl e p rac
tise will
J
a r N o. 4( Pickl e Solut ion) —Fo r I rish m ake y ou p erfectly f amiliar w ith p la
ting
s
i
l ver a nd b r a
ss, d is
so lve 1 2 o zs. g ranu lat ed int his m ann er, a nd y ou w ill b e a b
le tos e
e
n
i
t ratum i n 2q ua rt
s o ff il
ter ed w at er; t hen at ag lanc e w hen e very thing i s p
erfe ct
.
a
dd s l
ow ly 2q uarts c omm ercial s ulphur i c When t h ere i sm uch o ld p la
t e o n an art
i c
l e
,
a
c
id . ( Note —Un l ess you a re g oing t o d o p
lace s t
ripp ing s o
lu tion i n ac r
ock, h ea
t i t
,
ag rea t d eal o f p lating, J ar N o. 4i su n- a
nd i mm ers e a rticle t h
erein u ntil the o ld
n
ec essa ry, a sJ a r N o. 1a nsw ers a s ap i
ck le
p
late i sa l r emov ed; t h
en r i
nse i n c l
ear
s
o
lu t
ion f or a l
l m etals.)
water, d ry w i th ac h amo i s sk
in , and proc eed
S
tripp ing S olu t
ion — Is c ompo s ed o f 1 t op l
ate a sa b ove
.
p
ound g ranu lat ed k a
li; o r p o
ta sh a nd 2
(
Sp ecia l N ote) — When m uch o ld p l
ate
s
crup l es o f F rench r oug e; d is
so lv ed i n 1
i
sr emov ed b y stripp ing , i tp ays t o re
claim
g
allon c omm ercial s ulphur ic a c
id .
t
he silver, w hich m ay b ed one i nt he fo
llow -
(The F lux )— M ix t horough ly 5 q bs. i
ng m anne r: A dd c ommon s a
l t tot he str
ip-
g
r anu la ted w hit e a mmon ia h ydro ch lo ra te p
ing s o
lu tion a s l o
ng a s i tt hrow s down a
w
i th 4 d ram s F rench r oug e. F or c onv en i- p
recipita te, t hen p our o f the s o
lu t
ion. \ Vash
e
n ce i nu s
ing , p ut ap ortion i na n o rd
ina ry the p r
ec ip i
ta t e wi th c lear w ate r
, t h
en a dd a
t
in p e pp er b ox.
f
ew s mal l p iec e
s o f she et zinc t oi tand l e
t
Direc tion s f or P lating —P lace t he s he et s
tand u ntil t he p recipita te t urns t o ab lack
ir
on h ood o n t he s t
ove o r g as p l ate, t he p
owde r, w hich w i llt a
k es evera lh ours.
6
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Then wash the powder sev

eral t
ime
s in b
ath s hould b e u s
ed at at emp
e rature of
wa
rm w at
er, dry b
etween she
ets o
fblot
ting 1
22° F . t o 131°F. A no
ther bath, w hich
p
aper
, and pi
ck out th
e pie
ces ofzi
nc. The m
ay b e u sed cold, iscomposed of ac opper
p
owder will be pu
re si
lver w h
ich y
ou can s
u
lpha te s olu
tion w ith 1/
10 o f it
s v o
lume
me
lt and run in
to bars
. o
fs ulphuric a c
id. I ts d
ens
ity should regi
s-
t
e
r 1 .
197. Th is bath ca
nno t b
e u sed for
m
e tal objects atta
cked by the ab
ov e chemi-
COPPER
-PLAT
ING CARBON MOTOR c
a
l s.
BRUSHES
.

I
ti su
sual t
ot h
oroughly c
opp
er pl
ate t
he
b
e
tter cl
ass of mo
tor and dynamo bru
shes
m
ade o f ca
rbon to improv
e thei
r sur
face
c
onduct
ivity
, and t
hi
s m ay b
e ac
compl
ished
i
nt h
e fol
lowing manner:
The c
arbon b rushes ar
e usual
ly c
ut from
f
l
at ca
rbon p la
tes of the de
sired th
icknes
s
a
nd measuring 1 2 by 12 in
ches. T hey ar
e
c
ut ou
t i ns t
rips
, w hich a
re then s
epara
ted
i
n
to the prop er l
engths by means o
f ah i
gh De
tai
ls o
f :
.
%
lethod Used i
n F
ir m
ly S
ecuring P g
-
s
pe
ed c arbo rundum o r corundum w hee
l t
ail Connect
ions t
o C
arbon Brushes
.

a
bout 74 inch thick and 12 in
ches i
nd i
am -
e
t
er. Pure c opper anodes a r
e p lac
ed i n t he
b
ath
, a nd th
ese may b e cu
t from p ure c o
p-
Th
e b r
ushes a
re fi
r
st w ashed tho
roughly p
er sheets ab
out 78 inch th
ick. Th ecarbon
a
nd aft
er d ry
ing th
ey a re dipped in p
ure b
rushes a r
e h e
ld b y spr
ing c l
ips
, r e
sul
ting
p
araf
f
in, w hen th
ey a r
e p la
c ed in abake i
n a bout i
n
ch o f the brush remain ing
o
ven and h ea
ted at 10 t o 15° F . t
em- u
nplat ed, but th
is isa l right
, a s th
e u n-
p
era
ture f o
r 20 t
o3 0 m inutes. p
lated e dg
e i sthe one ground d own t of it
t
he c ommu tator curvature
, and t h
e c opper
p
lated s ur
face .ne
ed n o
t n ec
essar
ily r each
t
he c ommu tator
.

The el
ect
ric c
urrent re
quired for as mall
p
l
ating tank i
s1 5 to2 0 amperes a t 372 to
4volt
s, and a regu
lar el
ectro- p
lating g en-
e
r
ator i sbe
st employed. T he bru she
s a re
p
l
ated f r
om 4 to 6m inu
t e
s g enerally
, b ut
t
h
is will va
ry with t h
e temperatur e of the
e
l
ectroly
te and t
he a moun
t o fc ur
r ent used.
Copper P
lat
ing C
arbon Brushes i
n E
lectrolyt
ic
Bath
. A li
tle experim enting w i
ll s o
on te
ll a s
t
o how l ong t h
e b rushes should be pl
at ed
They a re copper p
lated b y i mmers
ing in a
nd as to t he proper s t
rength o f c
urren t
.
a
n e l
ect
roly t
e b ath. F o r s mal
l tanks the I
tshould b e poss
ib l
e t o re
gulate th
e latter
b
ath isp repared b y mixing t wo pounds of b
ym eanso fr heostat
. I fthe pl
at
ing isdone
c
opper s u
lphate w ith on e gallon of water t
oo rap
idly b y using t oo st
rong a c u
rren t
a
nd a dd
ing a mmon ia u nti
l t he pre
cipi
tate t
hen the m e
tal de pos
it on t h
e b r
ushes will
f
i
rst fo
rm ed isj us
t re
dissolved. T h
is co
lors t
end topeel ort urn black
. H ints a
re gi
v en
t
he so
lution blu e
. P otassium c yan
id isthen i
n the ilustrat
ion f o
r attaching th
e " pig-
a
dded u nt
il theb luecolor disappear
s. T h
is t
a
il" connectors.
 PLATING
. 6
6

T
IN P
LAT
ING
. t
e
r wire as p
er di
agram . P u
t 1 0 p wt
. of
To tin
-plate as mal
l article li
ke aco pper f
i
ne ri
bbon go
ld on b
oth si
desoft h
e e l
ectr
ic
p
enny o r aco pper sta
tue p roceed th
is w ay. w
ire
, m ak
ing 20 pw
t. inal
. T he g
old w i
ll
Put ah alf teaspoon o f tartar
ic acid i n a d
i
sso
lve into th
e 4
-gallon j
ar in ab
ou t one
b
righ t and shiny t i
n c up
. P ut th
e article h
our and a ha
lf. A f
t e
r itisa l di
ssolved
i
n t he cup and f i
ll the l a
tter about three-
f
our ths ful
l o f w ater and s e
t o n st
ove t o
b
oil. B oil t
il
lw ater isnearly al dr
iven o f.
Th e art
icle i snow t i
n-plated and a l i
t
tle •
•••
•••
•
•••
'•\
.":
:
•s
•
p
olishing w i
ll m ake i tsh
ine a sb r
ight a sa
e "445 ;
n
ew d ime. I n t h
is exper
im ent th
e tartaric
a
c
id d i
ssolves the t i
n and p la
tes the object .
a
f
, \
which i sint he cup.
Em
iee
4
T
he o bject t
o b e p
la
ted mus
t b
e clean ,
a
nd fr
e e f
rom di
r t o
ritwil
l p
l
ate u
nev
en ly.
To c
lean t h
e ar
ticle d
i
p inweak s
u
lphur ic I
- T
ank /eh hot/Peer
2. 467
/J ar t
el
l?sol
uei»
a
c
id a nd dry. 1
J•g
old c
oneecteo
'oe te
i-e
4
. P
orace c
apcone t
oeego
liv
e t
r
ee 0

A
rrangement o
f Apparatus f
or "Ro man Gold"
GOLD PLAT
ING WITHOUT A BATTERY
. P
lat
ing
.

C
lean thea r
ticlet ob eplated with ab rush
a
nd a mmon ia w at
er u nti
l i tisbright a nd r
emove thep o
rousc up from the4-gallon ja
r
u
ntarnished, then tak e as mall pi
ece ofg o
ld a
nd throw a way wha t isle
ft
, asi ti sofno
a
nd d is
solve iti n four tim es it
s volume o f v
alue
. A l
low t h
e so
lu t
ion tos e
tt
le a bou
t 2
me
tallic m e
rcury, w hich form s an a ma
lg am. h
ours b e
fore using
. Y ou c an us e gold
,
With ad ry cl
oth r ub al i
tt l
e o fthis a mal
- p
lat
inum o r carbon a nodes to c
olor w i
th;
g
am o n the ar
ticle tob e p la
t ed
, then p lac
e t
hat istos a
y, put one anode on each wire
,
i
to n as tone in af urnace a nd heat to t h
e a
nd color on ce
nter wire.
b
eginning o f redness
. A f
t er itcools clean
w
ith a b rush a nd al i
tt
le c ream o f ta
r tar
.
S
ILVER
-PLAT
ING PO WDER
.

C
hlo
ride of si
lver
, 3o z
.; s
a
lts o
f t
ar
tar,
6oz
.; pr
epared chalk
, 2o z
.; c
ommon sa
lt,
"
ROMAN GOLD" PLAT
ING SOLUT
ION
.
3oz. M ix
. D ip a m o
ist c
l
oth in th
is
Wh en m aking the s o
lution, o b
tain ap or- p
owder and ru
b t he a
rt
icl
e tobe p
la
ted.
c
e
lain j ar t hat holds 4g al
lon s o f w at
er.
F
il
l i ta lmost t o th
e t op w i
th c l
ean w ater
a
nd set t h
e j ar in at ank of w a
ter. K eep
S
ILVER
-PLAT
ING FLU
ID.
t
he w ater b o
iling w hile y ou a re using t h
e
s
o
lution, fo r ifthe so
lu t
ion i sc o
ld t he work One oz. s
i
l v
er n i
tr ate
, 1 2 oz. ra
in w ater,
‘
v
il
l s mut u p, i n
stead o f having a n even D
issolve and add 2 o z
. o f potass
ium c yan-
i
d
e. ( The l a
tter s h
ou ld be c a
r e
fu l
ly h an-
R
oman G old f i
n
ish. N ex t d
issolve 8o unces
d
l
ed , asitisp o
isonou s.) C lean t he ar
ticle
o
f potassium c yanide i n th
e 4- g
allon j ar
.
t
horoughly and a pply t he fl
uid by r ubbing.
A
fter t he cyanide isa l d i
ssolved p lace in
to
The fl
uid m ay b e u s
ed o n d etector pa r
ts,
t
he 4-gallon j a
r ap o rous c up t hat holds b
ut a s t
he depo s
ited f i
lm o f si
/v e
r i sn ot
a
bout 1q ua rt of w ater. I nto t h
e p orous v
ery sub
stant
ial i tw ould n o
t d o for art
icles
c
up pour 4 o unces o f cyanide; l e
t t h
is di
s- w
hich a r
e to be c ontinually c a
r r
ied i n the
s
o
lve a l
so. S uspend t he porou s cup o n c
en- p
ocket
, etc
.
6
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

COLD S
ILVER
ING OF METALS
. i
ngp rocess
: I n 1,
000 p artso fd i
st
illed water
Mix 1par
t o f c
hloride of s i
lver with 3 d
i
ssolve i nt he f
ollow ing ord er: Crys
talline
p
arts of pear
la sh, 1 7
2 p arts common s al
t, s
od
ium p yrophospha te, 8 0 p arts; 12 p er
a
nd 1p art whiting; and w el
l r ub t h
e mix- c
ent so
lu t
ion o f h ydrocyanic a c
id, 8p arts;
t
ure on the s
urf ace o
f b r
ass or c opp
e r (p
re- c
r
ystall
ine g o
ld c hloride, 2p art
s. H eat to
v
i
ou s
ly w ell cl
eaned) , by m eans o f ap i
ece aboil
ing t emperature a nd d ip t h
e art
ic l
e,
o
f soft lea
ther, o r ac o
rk m o
is t
ened w ith f
i
r
stt horough ly cl
ean sed, therein
. T os i
lver
w
a te
r a nd dipp ed in t h
e p owde r. Wh en b
ra
ss, c opper, et
c., d i
ssolve 1 0 parts lunar
p
roperly si
lvered, the m eta
l s hould be w e
ll c
aus
tic i n5 00 parts d i
sti
lled w ater
, and 3 5
washed i n hot w a
ter, s l
ightly a lkal
ized; p
ar
ts p otassium c y an
ide ( 98 p er ce
nt) i n
t
hen w iped dry. 5
00 p arts d i
st
ill
ed w ater; mix b oth s o
lu-
t
i
ons wi th s t
i
rring. H eat toa bout 194 de-
g
ree
s F . i n an enam el
ed v e
ssel
, a nd enter
GOLD
-PLAT
ING WITHOUT BATTERY
. t
h
e a rticles
, w e
ll c leansed o f al g r
ea s
e,
T
ogi
ld w
ithou
t ab
a
tte
ry, u
s
e t
h
e f
o
llow
- u
nt
il au n
iform c oat
ing h as f ormed.

!
IO
!
f
et
 P
yro
techny
.
COLORED F IRES . Chlorate Me tal P owd er.—F i fteen p a
rts
The P repa rat ion o f t he Mix tur es f or of c h
l orate o f p otash, 3p ar ts of f i
ne cha r
-
C
o lored L igh t
s. —The i ngred ients m ust be coal, 2p ar
ts o f s ulphur .
p
erfectly d ry, i nt he s t
ate o fv ery fine p ow- R
ed C hine seF ire
. —S ix t
e en p arts ofm eal
d
er; m ixed t ho rough ly b ut v ery c arefully powd er, 1 6 p arts o f n i
ter, 4p arts o f sul
-
t
ogethe r o n s heets o f pap er w ith t he h ands phur , 4p arts o f c harcoal, 1 4 p arts o f i
ron
o
r b y m ean s of c ardboa rd s p a
tulas. b
o r
ing s.
The m ix tures a re b e
st p ack ed i nc apsules
o
r t ube s a bout o ne i nch i n d iamet er a nd
f
r
om s ix t o t w elv e i nche s l ong, m ade o f HO W TO S ET OFF F LASHL IGHT
s
t
iff w r
iting p ap er. PO WDER .
Greater r e
gu la r
i ty i n b urning i ss e
cu red
b
y m oistening t he m ixtu re
s w ith a l i
t
tle V
ery o ften o ne w ishes tos et o f f l
a
shlight
w
hisk ey a nd p ack ing t hem f irmly d own i n powd e r w hen t aking a n i ndoo r p i
cture, etc
.
t
he fnb es b y m ean s o f aw ood en c yl
ind er, As imp le way t os et oft he p owd er isshown
t
h
en d rying . i
n t
he d
iagram .
T o f a
cil
i tate i gni t
ion as mall quan tity of A is as mall b ase o f slate 2i n
che s by 3
t
he f ollow ing p owd er, l o
os e
ly t wisted i n inches. Bt wo b inding p os
t s taken f rom a n
t
h
in p ape r
, i si nser ted i n t he t op: o
ld b attery. S crew t he p osts o n t he base
Ignition P owd er. —S ixte en p arts o f
m
ea led p owd er, 2p a
r t
s o f niter, 1p art of
s
u
lphur , 1p art o f c harcoa l
.
Wh ite L igh t
s. —Fou r o z. o f sa
ltp eter, 1
o
z
. o f sulphur , 1o z. o f b l
a ck s u
lph id e of
a
ntimony .
Yellow L ight s
. —Four o z
. o f chlora te of
p
otash, 2o z
. o fs ulph ide o fa n t
imony , 1o z.
o
fs ulphur , 1o z. o f o xalate o f so
da.
Green L ights. —Two o z. o f chlorat e ofV
b
aryta, 3o z. of n i
t rate o f b aryta, 1o z. of
s
u
lphur .
Red L igh ts
. — Tw enty -fi
ve o z
. of n itrate
o
fs trontia, 1 5 o z. o f chlora te o fp otash, 1 3
o
z
. o f sulphur , 4o z. o f b l
a ck s u
lph id e of W hen Current Fro m the Battery i s Past Thru
t
he S ingle S trand o f S teel W ool, I t Beco mes
a
ntimony , 1o z. o f m a
stic. I
ncandescent; I gniting t he F lashl
ight Powder .
B
lue L ights
. —Thr ee oz. of chl
orate of
p
o
tash, 1o z. ofsulphur, 1oz. ofa mmonia- a
bout one i n
ch apar
t. P rocur
e som e fi
ne
s
u
lpha t
e o f copp
er. s
t
eel wool from ap a
int sto
re. P ul
l out a
R
ock et
s. —One p ar
to fs u
lphur, 2par
ts of s
t
rand a nd stre
tch itbe
tw een th
e b i
nding
c
har
coa l
, 4p arts of ni
ter
, 2p a
rts of mea
l p
os
ts. A f ew dry c
el
ls and a pu
sh-button
p
owder, 1p art of st
eel f
i
lings
. a
re c
onnected asinthe d
iagram.
S
i
lv er Rain. —Two p ar
t s o
f ste
el fi
l
ings
, When a fl
ashl
igh t p
i
cture isto be ta
ken
7par
t s of meal powder, 1p a
rt of ni
ter
. p
our some powd er on the wire and push
Go
ld R ain. —One parto fsu
lphu r
, 2part
s t
he b
u
t ton
. T he wire wi
ll become red ho
t
o
fniter, 1part of ch
arcoal
, 6p art
s of mea
l a
nd w
ill ign
ite the powder
. A r ef
le
ctor is
p
owde r
. p
ut b
ehind the bas
e toincrea
se the li
ght
.
6
7
6
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

FULM
INATES
. b
e aker u pon t h
et ab
le, a way f rom a ny f l
ame ,
Much ha
s b een wr
itt
en about th
e guns a
nd p our i n
to i t
, pret ty q ui ckly, a t arm 's
u
s
ed inthe European War a
nd itisnotout l
ength, 5m ea sur ed d rachm s o ra lcoho l (sp.
o
f pl
ace to dig down to t
he roo
t o f t
he g
r. 0 .87) . V ery b risk a ction w ill e nsue,
w
hole t
hing and fi
nd out w
hat isthe re
al a
nd t he s o
lu tion w ill b e com e t u
rbid f rom
t
he s epara tion o f c r
ysta ls o f t h
e f ulm inate,
s
o
urce o
ft h
e explos
ion i
nthe gun c
hamber.
a
tt he s am e t ime e vo
lv ing v ery d ense w hite
c
loud s
, w hi ch h ave a n a greeable o dor , d ue
t
o t he pr esenc e o f ni
t rou s e ther, a l
d ehyde ,
a
nd o ther p r oduc ts of t he a c
tion o f n itric
a
c
id u pon a lcoho l. T he h eavy c haract e
r o f
t
hese c l
oud s i sc aused b y t he pr e
senc e o f
mercury , t h o i n w hat f orm h as n ot
b
een a sc
e rta ined; m uch n i
t rous o x
id a nd
h
yd rocy anic a c
id a r
e e volv ed a t the s am e
t
im e
. Wh en t he action h a s s ub
sid ed, t he
l
ercurg b
eake r m ay b e f i
l
led w ith w a
te r
, t he f ul-
p
o
,bsp
iim c
h/
e' m
ina te alow ed t os e
ttle, a nd t he a c
id l i
quid
/
g/7/l
ed
p
our ed o f. T he f u
lm ina t e ist hen collected
o
n af i
l
te r
, w a
sh ed w ith w ater a s long a s
Fulminate of Mercury A lone Wil l Not I gni
te t
he w ash ing s t a
s te a c
id , a nd d r
ied b y e x-
Gunpowder. W hen Mixed With Potass
iu m Ch
lorat,
However
, It Readi
ly Ignites the Gunpowder
, Due
p
osur e toa i
r.
t
o the Retardat
ion of t he F lash and t
he Heat
For med. O
n al a
rge in
dus
trial sca
le, t
he prepara-
t
i
on ofmercur
ic fu
lmina t
e i sc
ar
ried o ut in
Mos
tg un
sa re s
e
t of
fby meansof ap r
iming t
h
e open a
ir
, under sheds
. A t Mont reui
l,
ap a
c nd th
e sub
stance u
s
ed ins
ide the pr
im- 3
00 grammes of mercury are d
isso
lv ed in
i
ng c
ap i
st h
e sub
jec
t ofthi
s art
icl
e.

Mer
cury Fu
lmina
te is t
h
e a c
tive sub
-
s
t
ance int
he p
r
iming c
a
p. T hi
s s u
bstanc
e
i
spr
epa
red b
y t
h
e a
c
tion o
f a
l
coho
l o
n a
-
T
hin pacer
s
o
lut
ion o
f mer
cu ry d
i
sso
lved in a
n e
xc
ess
S
i
- lver P
alm
/no&
o
f n
itr
ic a
c
id; and as t
h
is ac
tion i
sof a
-
Quo ,* f-e
f
fineet
s
v
i
olent c
ha
ract
er, s
ome c
are i
sne
ces
sary i
n
o
rder t
o a
void a
n exp
los
ion
. O n as ma
ll
Ae
lver f
id mictite 7
;17 y d
rove
s
c
ale
, t
he f
ulm
ina
te m
ay b
e o
b
tain
ed wi
th- C
recher
o
u
t any r
i
sk b
y STRICTLY ATTEND - F,e 3

I
NG TO THE FOLLO W ING D IREC- Ho w to Make a "Throw-Down" F ire
-cracker f
ro m
a Few Quar tz Frag ments and a P iece of S
ilver
T
IONS: Ful m
inate
, A l
l Wrapt i n a Piece of Thin Paper.

Weigh out
, in aw
atch-g
las
s, 25 g
ra
ins 3ki
logramm es of colorl
ess ni
tric acid o f
o
fm e
r cury
, t
ran
sfe
r i
tto ah
alf
-pin
t b
eaker
, s
p
. gr
. 1 .
4 i n
, t
he cold. T he so
lution i s
a
dd h
a
lf a
n o
unc
e (
mea
sur
ed) o
for
dina
ry t
r
ansf
erred t
o aretort
, and 2l i
t
resofs t
rong
c
onc
ent
rat
ed n
i
tric a
c
id (
s
p. g
r
. 1
.
42)
, a
nd a
l
cohol ar
e added
. I n th
e summ er no h e
at
a
pp
ly a g
ent
le he
at. As s
oon as t
he l
a
st i
sappl
ied, and t h
e v apors ar
e c o
nd ensed
p
ar
tic
le o
f mer
cury i
sdi
sso
lved
, pl
ace t
he i
n arec
eiver and added t o afre
sh c harge
.
 PYROTECHNY
. 6
9

When t he a
c
tion has c
eas
ed t he c
o n
tents o
f t
he fu
lm inate
, be
ing exceed
ingly heavy (
sp.
t
he re
tort are poured in
to a s h
allow p an
, g
r
. 4 .
4 ), oc
cupies ave
ry s ma
ll space wh
en
a
nd w hen cold
, t h
e fulminate isc o
llec
ted c
ompa red with the g
aseous product
s of it
s
i
n aconical e
ar
then ves
sel par
tial
ly p l
ugged d
ecompo si
tion, es
pec
ial
ly w h
en t he la
tter
a
t—t
hen arrow end. Iti swashed w i
th ra
in- a
r
e e xpanded by th
e heat
. O ne gr
amm e of
w
ater and dra
ined unt
il itconta
ins 2 0% of f
u
lm inate evolv
es 403
.5 u n
its of hea
t, g
iv-
w
ater
, b e
ing stor
ed in that st
ate
. i
ng a n e s
tima t
ed m ax
imum p re
ssure o f
Mercuric fulminate i
sr e
presented by th
e 4
8,000 atmo spheres
. T he evo
lu t
ion ofhe a
t
f
ormula HgC ,N ,O, be
ing der
ived f r
om t h
e d
uring t h
e e xp
losion
, apparen
tly in cont
ra-
h
ypothet
ica l fulminic ac
id H ,C,N ,O, by d
i
ction t o t h
e r u
le that hea
t i sa b
sorbed
t
he subs
titution of Hg" f o
r H ,. I t
s pr
o- i
n decompo s
i t
ion, m u
st be asc
ribed t o th
e
d
uct
ion b y t he ac
tion of ni
tric a c
id upon
c
i
rcum stance t h
at the hea
t evolved by the
m
ercury a nd a l
cohol may be e x
plained by
t
he fo
llow ing react
ions:
(
1) Mercury
, d i
sso
lved i
n ni
tric ac
id,
y
i
eld
s me
rcuric ni
trat and n
i
trou
s a c
id.
(
2) Ni
trous a
cid
, ac
ting u
pon a
lcoho
l
(
e
thyl h
ydra
t), g
ives n
i
trou
s et
her (e
thy
l
n
i
tri
t) a
nd w a
ter
.
(
3) Ethy
l n i
tr
it
, ac
ted o
n by a
noth
er
m
olecu
le of ni
trous a
c
id, g
iv
es fu
lmin
ic
a
c
id and wate
r. ç
i
ess •
m
c
,+es ar
n
/rr
op E
;

(
4 ) Mercuric n
i
trat (f
o rmed inth
e fi
rs
t
I
f a Thin Layer of Mercury Fulminate On a Sheet
r
ea
ctions) may be s
uppo
sed t oact u
pon th
e o
f Glass is I gnited
, Metallic Mercury Wi ll Be
Deposited
, Thus f or m
ing a Mirror ,
f
u
lm inic a
c
id, pr
oduc
ing m ercur
ic f
ulmina
te
a
nd n i
tr
ic ac
id.
o
x
idat
ion o f th
e c arbon e xceeds that a b
-
Prop er
ties of m e rcu ric f ulm ina te. —Th is s
o
rbed in the decompo s
ition o f th
e fulmi-
s
ubstanc e isde pos
i ted i n t he a bove p r ocess n
a
te. At emper
atur e of 195 degrees C
enti-
i
nf i
n en e
edle-l
ike c r
ys tals, w hich o f
ten h ave g
r
ade explodes fulminate o f mercury
, a nd
agr ay c o
lor f rom t he a cc
id en tal p resen ce t
h
e same resu
lt isb rought about by touch-
o
f al i
t
tle m etall
ic m ercury . I t m ay b e i
n
g itw i
th a g l
a s
s r od d i
pped i n c
oncen-
p
ur
ifi ed by boil
ing i tw ith w ater , i nw h
ich t
r
ated su
lphuric or n i
tr
ic a c
id. T he el
ec-
i
ti ss pa
ringly s olub le, a nd a low ing t he t
r
ic sp
ark, of course
, e xplodes it
.
f
u
lm ina te to c rystallize f rom t he f i
ltered
C
ap c ompo si
tion. —The e xplos
ion o fm er
-
s
o
lu t
ion . V ery m od e rate f r
iction o r p er-
c
us
sion w il
l c ause i tt o d e
tona te v io
len tly, c
uric fulmina te issov iolent and .r
apid t h
at
s
o th at itm ust b e k ep t i n ac orked b ottle i
ti sn ecessary t o m oderate i tfor p ercus
-
l
e
st i tshould be e xploded b etw e en t he ne ck s
i
on c ap
s. F or this p urpose it i sm ixed
a
nd t h
e s t
opp er. I t i su sually p reserv ed w
ith p otassium n itrat o r ch
lorat
, t h
e o x
i-
i
n t he w et sta
t e
, w ith a b out o ne-f
ifth i t
s d
i
z ing prop erty of these sa
lts po
ssibly c au
s-
w
eigh t of w ater. I t
s e xplosion i sa t
tended i
ng t h
em t ob e pr
ef e
r r
ed t oa ny me re
ly i n
-
w
ith a b r
ight f la
sh , a nd w i
th g r
ay f um es a
ct
ive s ub
stanc es
, s i
nce i tw ould t end t o
o
f m etall
ic m ercury . T he v i
olenc e o f t h
e i
ncrease t he t emperature o f the f l
a
sh b y
e
xplosion m ust b e a t
tr ibut ed t o t he su dden b
urning t h e carbonic o x
id i n
to c a
rbon d i
-
e
volu t
ion o f al arge v o
lum e o f g as a nd o
xid, and w ould insure t h
e i g
nit
ion o f t
he
v
apo r f r
om a s mall v o
lume o f s o
lid, f o
r c
artridge
.
7
0 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

For m
ilitary cap
s, inthi
s c o
un t
ry, po
tas- B
y spr
inkling a th
in layer of t
he fu
lmi-
s
i
um c h
lora t isalways m
ix ed with the fu
l- n
ate upon ag l
ass pl
ate, a
nd f i
r
ing itwith
m
inate
, a nd p owdered g l
ass iss omet
im es ahot wire, the se
parated mercury may be
a
dded toi n
cre a
se th
e se
nsibil
ity ofthe mix- made toc o
at the gla
ss, so a
st ogive i
ta l
t
he a p
pearanc e of al o
oking-g
las
s. ( See
t
ure toexplosion by p
er
cu ss
ion. A n
timony
F
ig. 2.
)
s
u
lf
id i
ssom
etim
es s
ub
sti
tut
ed f
o
r p
owde
red
g
l
ass
, apparent
ly fo
r th
e purpos
e oflength
- A
lthough t h
e e fect p rodu ced b y t he e x
-
p
los
ion o f m e
rcuric f u
lm ina te i sv e
ry v io-
e
n
ing the fl
ash by t
ak
ing advantag
e of th
e
l
ent i n i t
s imm ediate n eighbo rhood , i ti s
p
owerfu
l o x
idiz
ing act
ion o f pota
ssium s
l
ightly f e
lt a t ad istanc e, and t he s udd en
c
h
lorat upon tha
t compound
. e
xpan s
ion o f t he gas w ill b ur
s t f i
re-arm s,
S
i
nce t
h
e c
ompo
sit
ion i
sve
ry l
i
abl
e t
oex
- b
ecause i tdoes not a low t ime f or o vercom -
p
lode und
er fr
ic
tion
, i
tism ade i
n sma
ll i
ng t he inert
ia o f t he b al
l, t h
ough , i ft he
b
arrel e s
cape d es
truc tion, t he p ro
jec tile e f
-
q
uant
it
ies at atime
, a
nd w
ithout c
on
tact
f
e
c t o f the fulminat e i sf o
und i nferior t o
w
ith a
ny h
ard s
ub
stanc
e. Af
ter al i
t
tle o
f t
hat o f power. I th a s been p rov ed b y e x-
t
h
e compo
sit
ion h
as been i
n
troduc
ed i n
to p
erim ent that the m ean p res
su r
e e x erted b y
t
h
e e x p
losion o fm ercur ic f ulmina te i sv e ry
much l ower than t hat pr odu ced by g un-co t-
t
on, a nd o nly t hree-four ths o f t hat p ro-
d
uced b y n i
tro-glycerin. I t
s great p ressu re
r
i
s due t o it
s i ns
tan tan eou s de compo sition
i
n
to CO , N, a nd Hg v apor w ithin as pa ce
n
ot s en
sibly greater t han t hé volum e of t he
f
u
lm ina te its
elf, w hich v olume b eing v e ry
s
. s
mall, on a c
coun t oft h
e h igh den sity o ft he
.- f
u
lm ina te
, t h
e e s
caping g ases exert a n e n or-
mous p re
ssure a t the m om ent o fe xplosion .
,
* eV si
lv
er fe m
ena
le 4sul
ls
;
/6/
-ent p.c
.
/as/en Thi s d etona ting p r operty o f m e rcuric
f
ulm ina te r end ers i te xce
ed ingly u se fu l f o
r
I
f So me Fulm inate o f Mercury i s Heated On a
P
iece of C opper F o
il a S light Exp losion O ccurs; e
fe ctin g t
he d
eto natio n o
f g
un-cotto n and
With S
ilver Fulminate a V io
lent Explos
ion n
i
t rog ly c
e r
in. B er thellot f i
nds t h at e ven
Results.
s
uch s t
abl e gases a sa c
e tylene, cy anog en a nd
n
i
tr id o x
id a re d ecompo sed i n
to t heir e l
e-
t
he c ap
, i ti sm ade t o a dhere a nd w ater-
m
en ts b y t he d etona tion o f m ercu ric f ul-
p
roofed b y ad rop o f solu t
ion o f s hel
la c i n
m
ina t e. Me rcur ic f u
lm ina te i sg en erally
w
ine.
c
ontam ina ted w ith m e rcuric o valat, w hi
ch
I
f at h
in t rain o f m ercur i
c f u
lm inat e be iso ne o f t h
e s econda ry p roduc t
s f ormed
L
id u pon a p la
te, a nd c overed , e xcept a d uring i t
s p r
epa ra tion .
l
i
ttle a t one e nd, w ith g unpowd er, i tw ill
Fulm inate o fs i
lver. —S ilver f ulm ina te i s
b
e f ound o n t ouching t he f ulm ina t e w i
th
p
repa r ed b y ap roc es
s v e
ry s im
ila r t o that
ah ot w ire, t hat i t
s e x plosion s catters t he for f ulm inate o f m e rcury ; b u t s i
nc e i t
s
g
unpowd er, b ut d oes n ot i nf
lam e i t
. O n expl osive properties a re f ar m ore v iolent,
r
epeating t he e xperim ent w ith am ixtu re of iti sn ot a dvisab le t o prepa re s o l arge a
1
0 g r
ain s o f f u
lm ina te a nd 1 5 g rains o f quan tity. 1 0 g rain s o f si
lve r are d i
s solved
p
otassium c hlorate ( mix ed u pon p ap er w i
th a t ag entle he at, i n 7 0 min im s o fo r dinary
ac a
rd) , t h
e e xplosion w ill be f ound t oi n
- conc en trated n itri c acid ( s
p. g r
. 1 .42 ) a nd
f
l
am e t he g unpowd er . ( See F ig. 1 .
) 5
0 m inim s o fw at er.
 PYROTECHNY
. 7
1

As soon a s the si
lver i sdi
ssolved
, t he I
f apa
rtic
le ofsi
lv
er fulmina
te b
ep l
aced
l
amp isr emoved, a
nd 2 00 min
im s ofalc ohol u
pon agla
ss pla
te a
nd touched w
ith agla
ss
(
sp. gr
. 0 .87) a r
e a dded. I f the a ction r
od d
ipp
ed ino i
l ofvi
tr
iol, itw
ill d
e
tonate
d
oes not c omm ence after a short tim e, a a
nd l
eav
e ad epos
it o
fs i
lv
e r u
pon t
he g
las
s.
v
ery gentle heat m ay be appl
ied u nt
il e f
- 'Wh
en s i
lver f u
lminate i s d
i
ssolved in
f
e
rv e
scenc e beg
ins, w hen the fulminate o f w
a rm a mmonia, the so
lu t
ion deposi
ts, on
s
i
lver will be deposit
ed i n minute ne edles c
o
o l
ing, c r
ystal
s o f ad ouble fu
lminate of
a
nd m ay b e fu
rther treat
ed a s in t
he c a
se s
i
lver and a mmonium, w h
ich ise v
en m ore
o
f fu
lm inate ofm ercury. v
i
olent
ly e xplos
ive, and isd ang
erous w h
ile
s
t
i
ll m o
i s
t. As i
milar compound isf ormed
( NoTE :— I f the nitric a c
id a nd a l
coho l a r
e w
ith m ercuric fu
lm ina
te.
n
ot o f t h
e e xact streng th h ere p rescribed,
i
tm ay b e s om ewha t d if
icult t o s t
a r
t t he S
i
lver f
ulminate i s al
so f o
rm ed w h
en
f
r
eshly pr
ecipi
tated si
lver oxide isc over
ed
a
ction u nles s t wo o r t hr
ee d rops o f r ed
w
ith a st
rong s olut
ion o f a mmonia, and
n
i
tr ic a cid [ containing n i
trou s a c
id ] a r
e
a
low ed t
o s t
and for some h ours
, w hen it
a
dded . S t
anda rd silver [ containing c o
pp er] b
ecom e
s black
, a nd a cqui
res d angerously
may b e u sed f or prepa r
ing t he f ulmina te
.) e
xplos
ive p
ropert
ies.
S
i
lv er f ulm ina te i s a lso p repa red w hen
n
i
t rou s a nhyd rid i sp ast i n
to a n a lcoholic Fu
lm inating pl
atinum . —This isobtained
s
o
lu tion o f s i
l ver nit rate. Wh en d ry, the b
y dis
solving p l
atinic oxid in di
lut
ed s u
l-
f
ur
ic ac
id, a nd mixing the so
lut
ion w ith an
f
u
lm ina tem ust beh and led with t heg reatest
e
xc
ess o f a mmonia, w hen a bl
ack p recip
i-
c
aution , since i ti sex ploded f ar m ore e a
sily
t
a
te o f fulminat
ing p latinum i sobtained,
t
han t he m ercury s alt; i ts h
ould b e k ept in w
hich d e
tona t
es violen
tly ata b
out 4 00 de-
s
ma ll q uan tities, w rap t u p s e
pa rately i n g
r
ees F .
p
ap er, a nd p laced i n ac ardboa rd b ox.
Noth ing h a rder t han p aper s h
ou ld b e e m- Fu
lm inat
ing g old. —Th i
s iso
btained asa
p
loy ed i nm anipulating i t
. T he v i
olenc e of b
t
7f
f —prec
ipitat w hen a mmonia isadded to
i
t
s e xplos
ion r ende rs i tu sele
ss f or p ercus- aso
lution o f a
uric c h
lorid ;i
t
s composi
tion
s
i
on c aps, b ut i tise mploy ed i n detona t
ing i
sn o
t w e
ll e s
tablished
. I t e
xplodes vi
o-
l
e
ntly w hen gently h ea
ted.
c
rack ers. S
i
lv er f ulm inate i s sp ar
ing ly
s
o
lub le i n c o
ld w a
t er, b ut d i
ssolv e
s i
Fu
lmn 3
ina6
te of copper
. —Th is isob
tain
ed
p
arts o f boil
ing w at er. b
y di
gesting copper (i
n the f
orm ofp owder
o
r fi
l
ing s) w i
th f u
lminate of m e
rcury or
I
f am inu
te par
ticl
e of th
e fulminate b
e
s
i
lver and al it
tle wat
er. I tf o
rms so
luble
p
l
aced upon a pi
ece of quar
tz, and gent
ly
g
re
en c rys
tals w h
ich explode with a g
re
en
p
r
est with the angl
e o f a
nother piec
e, it
f
l
am e
. T here are many o t
her fulm
inates
w
i
ll ex
plode with af l
a
sh and smart re
port
.
a
nd they a r
e al e x
plos
ive.
A th
row-down d e
tonating cr
acker ( Fig
.
3
) m ay b
e made by ro
ll
ing u p apa
rtic
le of
s
i
lver fu
lminate in ap i
ec e o
f th
in p a
per,
FOR F
IREPROOF
ING ANY K
IND OF
w
ith some fr
agm en
ts obtained b
y crushing
acommon q uar
tz pebble
. FABR
IC.

The explos
ion o fs i
lv
er f ulminat
e m ay be Av e
ry good fo
rmula fo
r t
h
is p
urpo
se i
s
c
ompared w ith t h
at oft he m er
cury sa
lt, by a
s f
ol
low s
:
h
eat
ing s ma
ll e qual q uantit
ies upon t h
in B
oric ac
id, 50 g
rams
.
B
orax, 60 gr
ams.
c
opper o
rp l
atinum f o
il, w hen the f
ulminate
Water
, 1,100 c
u. cm
s.
o
f mercury w il
l e xp
lode w ith as l
ight puff
,
a
nd w i
ll n ot injure the f oi
l, but that of P
a
int o r s
o
ak f
abr
ics in t
he so
lut
ion ;
s
i
lver wi
ll give al oud crack and re
nd ah ole t
h
en ei
ther h
ang u
p to d
ry o
r pr
ess f
abr
ic
i
nt h
e m etal
. ( See Fig. 4 .
) w
i
th ah ot i
r
on.
7
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

MAG
IC S
ERPENTS FOR PYRO TECHN
ICAL F
IRE WORK PAPERS AS P
YROTECHN
ICS
.
D
ISPLAYS
. R
ed F
i
re.
Any ofthe t
hre
ef ormula
s gi
v en h
er
ewith S
trontium n
i
tra
t 2
0 p
a
rts
w
il
l p r
oduce th
e same efec
t w hen p
rope
rly P
o tas
sium c
hlo
rat 1
0 "
c
ompound ed a
st he o
nes which ar
e fo
r sa
le A
lcoho l 2
0 "
i
n the fo
rm of ap y
ramid o r an e
gg
. Wa t
er 1
00 "

I
.F use in ac rucible t h
e f o
llow ing m ix- G
reen F
i
re.
t
ur e
: P russiate o f p otash 4 6 p arts
, c ar- B
arium ch
lora
t 2
0 "
b
ona te ofp otash 1 6p arts
, s u
lphur 3 2 part s
. A
lcohol 2
0 "
The h ea
t s hould n ot b e a l
low ed t o g o b e
- Water 1
00 "
y
ond a d ul
l r ed a nd t he m a
s s s h
ou ld b e Ye
llow F
i
re.
r
emov ed f rom t he f i
re w hen t horough ly S
odium oxa
lat 1
0 "
f
used. When c old d i
ssolve t he m ass i n P
otas
sium chlo
rat 1
0 "
water a nd f i
l
ter o f t h
e c l
ear p ortion. T o A
lcohol 2
0 "
t
h
i s l a
tter i sa dded n i
trate o f m ercury a s Water 1
00 "
l
ong a s t h
e p rec
ipi tate i st hrown d own ,
Blu
e F
i
re.
which i sw ashed i nm any c hang es ofw ater,
c
ollected o n b lo t
ting p ape r
, d ried, r ol
led P
otass
ium c h
lora
t 1
0 "
C
opper ch
lora
t 2
0 "
i
nto l i
t
tle p yram ids o r egg s a nd c o v
er ed
A
lcohol 2
0 "
w
i th t i
nfo
il. They a re n ow r e
ady f o
r
Water . 1
00 "
i
gnition. T he m ixtu re t hus c ompounded
i
s s ulpho-cyanide o f m ercury, w h
ich c an V
iol
et F
i
re.
b
e p roduced b y t he f ol
low ing m ethod i f S
tront
ium c h
lora
t 1
5 "
p
re ferred: C
opper ch
lorat 1
5 "
P
otass
ium c h
lora
t 1
5 "
2
. Me tal
lic m e
rcury i sdisso
lv ed ind ilu te A
lcohol 5
0 "
n
i
tr ic a c
id, taking t h
e p r
ecau t
ion o fh aving Water 1
00 "
a
n e xcess o f the m etal. D ecant s o
lu tion
L
ilac F
i
re.
a
nd a dd toi tas a
tu rated s o
lu t
ion o fs u
lpho -
P
o ta
ssium c hlora
t 2
0
‘
t

c
yan ide o f a mmon ium . The p recipita te C
opp er ch
lora t 1
0 L
‘
which f a
l l
s m ust bec o
ll ected and w ashed i n S
trontium chlorid 1
0
i
t

s
eve ral c h
ang es of w ater a nd f i
nal
ly d ri ed. A
lcoho l 5
0
Wa t
er 1
00
I
t

Mix i n am ortar this d ried m a

ss w ith a
l
i
ttle g um w ater tom ak e ap asty m a
s s
, b ut Uns
ized p aper isp u
t i n t
he solut
ion s
.
a
s d ry a s possib
le. T he c ompound n ow When t h
e p aper be
com es sa
turat
ed , then
f
orm ed m ay b ep r
essed i n
to eggs a sa l
ready r
emove and dry by h
anging itover as t
ring
s
t
ret
ched a c
ross aw arm r o
om. As he
et of
d
esc ribed.
p
ape
r a b
out 1 2 by 1
6 i n
ches may be m ade
T
hese t wo compound s a
s d
escr
ibed a
re t
o b
urn f o
r s e
vera
l m inute
s.
b
o
th e x
tremely p o
isonous
. T he next h
as
n
ot t
hi
s disadvantage and t
he re
s
idue may
CHEM
ICAL F
IRE FORMULAS
.
b
e u
sed to pol
ish b r
ass
.
Put 9d rops ofg lycero
l on as mal
l pi
ece
3
. Bichroma t
e o f p
ota sh 2 p a
rts, sa
lt
- o
fpap er inan evaporating di
sh
. T hen cau
-
p
e
t er 1p a
rt, whit
e sug
ar 3p art
s. P u
lver
- t
i
ously place 6m easures of po
tassium p er
-
i
z
e t he
se i ngr
edient
s s epara
tely a nd mix m
ang anate on th
e g l
ycerol. K eep your fa
ce
a
way. I t will burn b r
ight
ly w ith a lil
ac
t
horoughly and pres
s into cones of paper
.
c
o
lor a nd carbon dioxid ( CO 2) isevolv
ed.
The
se co
nes s
hou
ld b
e c
ov
ered w
ith t
i
n-fo
il T
he l i
lac c
olor com es from th
e elem entpo-
a
nd va
rnish
ed. t
as
sium .
 PYROTECHNY
. 7
3

T
he Manu fa
c ture ofC o
lor ed F
ire: Mix How ever, iti sre
ally very simple. T h
e
t
horoughly on ap i
ece o f p
ap er 4 p
art
s of f
l
uid i sprepared by dis
solving p hosphorous
b
ar
ium n i
tra
te, 4p arts ofpotass
ium ni
trate
, i
n carbon d i
-sulf
id. B e e xtremely c ar
e fu
l
3
/
2 part ofsulphur a nd 1p art ofpowdered i
nh andling t h
e phosphorou s
, to c ut itu n
-
c
harcoal
. P ou rt h
ism ixturei nan e
vapora
t- d
er w ater and n ot to touch itw i th your
i
n
g d i
sh. A pply m atch
. T he mass wi
ll
h
ands. A lso keep the ca
rbon d i
-sulfid away
t
a
ke f i
re and b urn w ith green fl
ame.
f
rom o pen fl
am e
s, asi tisvery in
flammab le
.
The o dor o f the comm e rc
ial p roduct i s
r
a
the r di
sagreeable
, but th
is m ay incidental
-
l
yadd t othe myste
ry oft h
e tr
ick.
HAND GRENADES
.
I
t o
f
ten h
appens in al aborato
ry t ha
t What r ea
lly h app ens ist h
is: The p hos
-
s
ome in
f
lammable a
cid i
sa c
cidently sp
il
led p
horous isd isso
lv ed i n t h
e carbon di-sul
-
o
r some c
hem
ical
s w h
ich do n ot agr
ee be f
i
d. When p oured o n t h
e paper the c
arbon
m
ixed. A very bad exp
losion o r fi
re is d
i
-sulf
id evaporates, l e
aving the p
hosphorous
u
sua
lly th
e o
utcome of su
ch m i
stakes
. i
mpregnated int h
ep aper ( i
n afi
nely di
vided
A s
an
ita
ry and sa
fe de
vice c
an b
e made f
orm). Th is s tarts t o oxid
ize a nd s o
on
b
y the e
xper
iment
er at th
e co
st of afew r
a
ises th
e t emp e
ra tur e of some part of th
e
c
e
ntsw h
ich wil
l e
nd ch
emical f
i
re
s asq
uick p
aper to the k i
nd ling p o
int.
a
sthey b
eg
in. P
ract
ical
ly any k
ind ofpaper wi
ll do fo
r
I
t cons
ists o f amixtu
re o f c
hlo
ride o f t
h
is tr
i
ck. F i
lter a
nd newspape
r both work
c
a
lcium, t wenty pa
rts; sodium c hlo
ride w
el
l. T he m a
in thing isnot to sp
il
l i t
(
common s a
lt), fi
ve part
s, a nd w ater, o
n any
thing that y
ou d o n
ot wi
sh to burn
e
i
ghty-f
ive p ar
ts. Severa
l s ma
ll th
in b ot- a
sitw orks 100 p
er c e
nt of t
he tim
e.
t
l
es are purchased
, f
i
lled wi
th this m
ixtu re
a
nd corked.
When afi
reo c
curs
, one o
ft h
ese g
renades
s
h
ould bethrown insuch aw ay t
hat i
twill HO W TO MAKE BENGAL L
IGHTS
.
b
r
eak inorn ea
r the f
ir
e whi
ch w i
ll qu
ickly Take 8p arts s
a
ltpet
er, subl
imed s ulphur
b
e ex
tingu
ished
. 4pa
r ts
, and antimony 1p art and mix w e
ll
i
n
to powder . B ea
t fi
rmly i nst
ou t i
ron cup
a
nd set on fi
re. Such light
s a re made use
o
f for si
gnaling long di
stances at se
a. I f
A MAG
IC F
IRE FLU
ID. ali
ttle c amphor i s a
dd ed it w i
ll b urn
The m ag
ician appears with asmal
l b
ot
tle b
r
ighter.
o
f co
lorless liqu
id i n one hand a
nd a few
p
i
eces o f w h
ite p aper i n th
e ot
her. H e
TO HANDLE F
IRE WITHOUT HARM
.
p
ro
c eed
s t op our al i
tt
le oft he f
l
u
id on th
e
p
aper and then place
s t he p
aper o
n asc
reen Mercury n
eut
ral
iz ed inv
ineg
ar a
nd th
e
o
r some o t
her m etal support
. wh
ite of a
n egg smeared o
n wi
ll p
r
ese
rve
a
nyth
ing from fi
re
.
Then h e st
eps back; i nt h
e m ean t
im e e
x-
p
l
aining t o t he audi ence t ha
t t h
i s magic
f
l
uid
, i nvented b y t he Japane se t h
ousands
o
f years ago, w a
s u sed b y them t o to
rture
F
LASHL
IGHT PO WDERS
.
t
he
ir prisoners
, or relating any s im
ilar st
ory
t
o keep t h
e audience i n
tere
sted. I n af ew Take powde r
ed magn e
sium, 3ozs
.; pow-
m
inut e
s, usually abou t t wo
, t he paper wi
ll d
e
r ed ch
lorate of po
tash, 6ozs
. ;powdered
b
urst in
to f l
ame s pon taneously
. T he tr
ick s
u
lphide of a n
timony, 1o z
. M ix b
y si
ev-
i
svery m yst
ifying t oa ny one w ho doe
s not i
n
g. O ne h undred gr
am s to b
e us
ed each
u
nderstand t he pr
inc iples involved
. t
ime a photograph ist a
ken.
7
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

L
IGHT
ING A BUNSEN BURNER WITHOUT Next a
n a mpoul
e isp repared b y draw-
MATCHES
. i
n
g o u
t at e
st tu
be. ( See di
ag ram.) The
t
a
rtrat is n
ow p u
t i n the a mpoule and
I
f acry
stalofpota
ssium chlorat i
srubbed
o
n t he si
de o f asafety m a
tch b ox, ti
ny h
ea
ted unt
il no more wh
i t
e fum es are g
iven
s
parks of fl
ame w
ill re
sult
. Th is :
sd ue to o
f
f
. I t i
st hen se
aled at the c ons
tric
tion
t
he c ombust
ion of the phosphorus on t h
e
b
ox w i
th t he oxyg
en o f t he po ta
ssium
c
h
lo rat
.

U
SING TELEPHONE MOUTHP
IECE AS
F
LASH
-PO WDER HOLDER
.

An ord
ina ry te
lephon e m outh-pie ce forms
ah andy c on ta
in er f or fl
ashlight p owder
w
hich i st o b e ignited f rom a n i n duct
ion
c
o
il o r 10 v olt ci
rcu it. The m ou th-pie
ce
i
sm oun t
ed u pr
igh t o n ab lock o f w ood
w
ith t wo w ir e
s attach ed t oiti ns uch aw ay An I
nterest
ing Che mica
l Experi ment o
f
t
h
a t as mall s park g ap i sl eft i ns
id e t h
e Spontaneous Co mbust
ion
.
m
ou th-piece. Over t his t h
e p owd er i s
p
l
a ced. Wh en t he pu sh button i nt h
e pri
- b
e
fore cool
ing
. A
fte
r i t is t
horough
ly
m
a ry c i
rcuit i sp r
essed t h
e i n
duc tion c oi
l c
o
oled a
nd ifthe t
ip i
sb r
oken o
ff th
e sub
-
s
p
a rk j ump s t he g ap, i gnit
ing t he f l
a
sh- s
t
ance when s
prink
led out wi
ll bu
r s
t in
to
p
owd er s afely a nd a ccura t
ely. K eep y our f
l
ame b
efo
r e r
e
aching th
e fl
oor
.
f
a
c e at l e
ast 3t o 5f ee
t f rom t he p owder On he
ating,lead t
a
rtra
td ecompose
s,l e
av-
w
h en i gn
iting i t, and d on
't let your h ands
i
ng le
ad and carbon
. Th es
e are i
ns uch a
f
i
nely di
vided st
ate t
ha
t they ab
sorb oxygen
—ther
eby b u
rst
ing in
to fl
am e
.

AN EXPER
IMENT WITH "
THERM
IT."
"
Th e
rm i
t" cons
ists of amixture ofalum-
i
num and the ox
id o f an el
em ent —usual
ly
Halo
s a Flash
-Po wder Ho lder Out o
f That O ld ameta
l— to be reduced, as Fe 2O3,Mn0 2,
Te
lephone Mouth
-p iece
. A Spark Coil I
gni
tes
the Po wder
.
S
iO 2,e
tc
. T he a
lum inum h a
s s uch i
nten
se
a
f
ini
ty f o
r oxygen t ha
t i treduces the ox
-
g
e
t Cl
oser t
han t
h
is e
i
the
r, u
nle
ss y
ou w
ant i
d
es to the
ir metals
, g i
ving a t empe
rature
ana
sty burn
. o
f 3
,000 deg. o
r over.
T
he e
qua
tion o
f t
h
e f
o
llow
ing i
s
:
PREPARAT
ION OF PYROMORPH
IC F
e 2O3 2
A1 = A
l 2O3 2
Fe
CARBON
.
Mix equal q uanti
ties of ir
on o x
id and
P
yromo rph
ic ca
rbon is as
ubstance which a
lum inum a nd p la
ce i n ac l
ay o r s a
nd
t
a
kes fi
re s p
ontaneous
ly. I
t i s p
repared c
rucible
, through t h
e bottom ofw hich a
f
r
om l e
ad t ar
trat
. T o prepare the l e
ad i
nch h o
le h as b e
en d r
illed, and t he hole
t
a
rtra
t m ix so
lut
ions of tar
tar
ic a c
id a nd f
i
tted with ac ork. S upport th
e c r
ucible on
l
e
ad ace
tat. L ead t ar
trat isprec
ipitat
ed. aring support or ar i
ng s t
and
, ass hown in
T
his isf i
l
ter
ed, w a
shed and d r
ied i n th
e F
ig. 1. P lace some w e
t s a
nd in ap an, a
nd
a
i
r. s
e
t a bout 6i n
ch e
s u nder the cruc
ib le
.
 PYROTECHNY
. 7
5

As mallh ole ismade i nthes and w ith the o

f s u
lphocyan ide o f a mmon ia o r potass
ium ,
f
i
nger a nd t wo nai
ls placed in i ta ss hown w hich m ay be bought a t ag ood d rug store
i
n Fig. 2 . Th ey s h
ould j us
t t ouch e ach o
ro f ade a
ler inc hemica l
s;e qua l we
ights of
o
the
r. A p iec
e o f m agnesium r i
bbon i s b
oth w ill answ er; ap rec
ipita te w i
ll fa
ll to
p
l
aced i n t he mixture in the c rucible and the b ottom o f t he beak e
r o r j a
r, w h
ich i s
i
g
nited. A s s o
on a s the ri
bbon i slight
ed co
l lected on af i
lter a
nd w ashed t wo orthree
t
he co
rk s h
ould b e removed w ith ap air of t
im es with w ater, when i ti sp ut in aw arm
p
l
iers
. Th i s m u
st b e done q u
i ckly, and place t o dry; t ake f
or e very p ound o f th
is
t
he operator s hould s t
ep a s
ide a nd a vo
id m aterial 1o unc e of g um t rag acanth w hich
b
e
ing b urned b y t he spat
tering w hich is h
as b e
en s oaked i n h ot w at er; w h
en t he
q
u
ite c onsiderable
. The m olten m ass will g
um i scomp letely so
ftened i ti stob e tr
ans-
n
ow pour i nto th
e hole inthes and a nd w e
ld ferred t o am o
r tar
, a nd t h
e p ulver
ized a nd
t
h
e n a
ils t o
g e
ther. d
ried p r
ecipi
tat e gradua lly m ixed w ith i t
b
y m eans of al i
t
tle w ater, soa st opresent
as om ewha t dried p i
ll m ass
, f rom w h
ich,
b
y h and, p e
llets o f t he d esired s i
ze a re
f
orm ed, p ut on ap i
ec e of g lass, and dried
a
gain. Th ey a re then r eady f or use
.

JAPANESE MATCHES
.
(
Scintellettes) —Lampb lack 5 p arts, sul-
p
hur 1 p arts
, g unpowder f rom 2 6 t o 3 0
p
arts
, t his last proportion v arying w ith t he
q
uality o f t h
e p owd er ; g r
ind v ery f i
ne;
f
E make t he ma ter
ial into ap aste with a lcoho l
,
f
orm i tin
to d ice abou t i
nch squa re w ith
Do You Kno w W hat "Therm
it" Is? This Exper
i-
ment Will Get You Acqua inted With It. One
ak n
i fe a s as pa
tula, l e
t t hem d ry r a
th er
Use of I
t I
s t o Weld Stree
t Car Rai
ls. g
radua lly o n aw a
rm m antelpiece
, n ot t oo
n
ear af ir
e ; w hen d ry f i
x o ne of t he lit
tle
s
quar e
s i nto a c l
e f
t m ade a t the e nd o f a
l
avend er stalk or, w hat isb e
t ter
, the s t
raw -
PHARAOH
'S SERPENTS
' EGGS
. l
i
k e m a
te r
ia l o f w h
ich h ouse c arpet-
Tak
e m er
cu ry and di
sso
lve itin moder
- b
room s a re m ade, l i
ght t he m ater
ia l a t a
a
t
ely di
luted nitr
ic a
cid by mean
s o f h
eat
, c
andl e
, h olding t he s t
em d ownwa rd, a fter
t
a
ke care
, how ever
, t
hat th
ere b
e always a
n t
he f i
rst b l
azing o ff ab al
l o f m o
lt en l ava
e
x
cess of metall
ic mercury r
emaining; de
- w
ill form , from w h
ich t he cu r
ious co r
ru sca-
c
ant t
he so
lution and pour i
tin as o
lut
ion t
i
on s w il
l s oon appea r
.

i
b%
 P
o
lish
esa
nd S
t
ain
s.
POLISHES —I5 K
INDS
. Po
lish for R eviv
ing O ld F urniture
.—
Take a l
cohol
, 1 3/
2 o z
s.; spir
its of s a
lts
Carver
s' P o
lish
. — White re
sin, 2oz
s.;
(mur
ia t
ic a
cid), 72 oz
.; li
nse
ed oil
, 8o zs
.;
s
e
edlac, 2o z
s.; sp
iri
ts ofwine
, 1p t
. Dis-
b
es
t vinegar
, Y2 pt
.; a
nd but
ter ofantimony,
s
o
lve. I ts h
ould be la
id on warm. Avoid
174 oz
.; putt
ing i n the v
inegar la
s t
.
m
oisture and dampn es
s w h
en u s
ed.
J
et Po
lish for Wood o r L
eather, Black,
French Pol
ish. —Gum s h
ellac
, 1o z
.; g um
R
ed, o
rB lue. —Al
cohol (98 p
erc en
t ) 1pt.;
a
rabic
, 74 o z
.; g um c o
pal
, o
z. Powder
s
e
aling wax, th
e co
lor de
sir
ed, 3s t
icks; di
s-
a
nd sif
tt hr
ough ap i
ece ofm us
lin; put them
s
o
lve by heat
, and have itwarm w hen ap-
i
n ac lo
sely corked bott
le with 1p t. sp
irit
s
p
l
ied. As p
ong eisth
eb e
st toapply itwi
th .
o
fw ine, in av e
ry w arm situat
ion, shaking
e
very day ti
ll the gums are dis
solved; then Po
lish for T urners' Work . —D is
solve
s
t
rain t h
rough m u
slin
, and cork for u
se. s
andarac, 1o z
., in sp
i r
it of w ine, Y 2 pt
.;
n
ext shave b
eeswax, 1o z.; and dis
solv e i
tin
Pol
ish for Da rk C o
lored Wood s. —Seed-
asufi
cient q
uan t
ity of s p
ir
its o f t
urpentine
l
ac
, 1o z.; gum g uaiacum, 2d rs
.; dragon's
t
om ake itin
to ap as
te, a dd th
e f o
rm er mix-
b
lood, 2d r
s.; gum m ast
ic, 2drs
.; put ina ture by degrees to it
, then w ith a w oolen
b
ott
le with 1p t. sp
irit
s ofw ine
, cork cl
os e
, c
l
oth apply i
tt othe w ork w hi
le i tisinm o-
e
xpose to am oderate heat ti
l
l th
e g ums are t
i
on int he l
athe, a
nd w ith as of
t linen rag
d
i
ssolved; stra
in into ab ott
le fo
r use, w
i th p
ol
ish i t
. Itw ill appear as ifh ighly var-
Y gil
l o f li
nseed oil; shak
e together
. n
i
shed.
Waterproof P olish
. —Gum b enjamin, 2 Furniture Poli
sh. —Beeswax, 72 lb
., and
o
zs.; gum s andarac
, 3 4 oz
.; g um a n
ima, 3/4 74 o
f an oz. ofa l
kanet roo
t; mel
t t o
gether
o
z.; sp
irits ofw ine, 1p t
.; m ix in ac l
ose
ly i
n ap i
pkin unti
l the former iswe
ll co
lored.
s
t
opped b o
ttle, and p la
ce either i n asand Then add l i
nse
ed o i
l and sp
ir
its o
f turpen-
b
ath or inh o t water ti
ll th
e g ums a r
e dis
- t
i
ne, of e a
ch half ag i
ll; st
rain th
rough a
s
o
lv ed
, t h
en s t
rain o f th
e mix ture
, shake it p
ie
ce of c o
arse m u
slin
.
u
p w i
th / 14 gi
ll of th
e best cl
ear poppy oil
, F
rench Po
lishes
.- 1. S
hellac
, 3lb
s.; wood
a
nd p ut itby f or use
. n
aphtha, 3p
ts.
, dissolve
. 2 .Shel
lac
, 2l bs
.;
p
owdered ma s
tic a nd sandarac
, of ea
ch 1
Finish
ing P ol
ish. —Gum s he
llac, 2d rs
.; o
z
.; copal v
arnish
, 7 2 pi
nt; sp
iri
ts of w
ine,
g
um b en
jam in
, 2d rs
.; put i
nto 7 2 pt
. bes
t 1ga
l. D ige
st i nthe co
ld t i
l
l di
sso
lved.
r
ect
ified sp
irit
s of wine in ab ot
tle c l
ose
ly
Black Wa lnut P o
l i
sh. —Tak e p ulverized
c
orked; k eep in warm plac
e, s haking fre
-
a
sphaltum ; p ut i n aj ar or b o t
tle, p our
q
uen t
ly t i
l
l the gums are d
isso
lv ed. Wh en o
ver i tabou t twic e it
s bulk oft u
rp en t
ine or
c
o
ld, s hake up with ittwo tea
spoon fuls o
f b
enzo le
, p ut i n aw arm p la
ce, a nd s hake
t
he best cl
ear poppy oi
l
. o
ccas
iona l
ly ; w hen d i
ssolved, strain a nd a p
-
Pol
ish fo r Remov ing S t
ains, Spots and p
ly i tt o t he w ood w i
th a c lo
th o r s t
if
f
b
rush ; should i tp rove too dark, d i
lu te with
:
1
1ildew f r
om F urniture
. —T ak e of 98 pe
r
t
urpentine o r benzo le. I f de
sir ed t ob ring
c
ent, al
cohol, Y p int; pulverized res
in and
o
ut the gr a
in s t
ill m o re
, apply am ix tu r
e of
g
um s he
llac, of e ach, 3
4 o z. L et th
ese cu
t b
o
iled o i
l a nd tu rpentin e; t
his isb etter than
i
nt he al
cohol; t hen add l i
nseed oil
, 72 pt
.; o
i
l a lone. Wh en t he o i
l isd ry t h e w ood
s
hakew ell
, a nd a pply with as ponge, bru
sh, c
an be p o
lish ed w ith t he fo
llow ing : s he
llac
o
r cot
ton flannel
, o r a
n o l
d n ewspaper, ru
b- v
arnish, 2p arts
; b oiled oil
, 1p art; s hake it
b
ing i tw e
l l after t he a ppl
ication, w h
ich w
ell before u sing. A pply with ac loth, rub-
g
i
v es an i
ce p o
lish. b
i
ng b risk
ly .
7
6
 POLISHES AND STAINS
. 7
1

POL
ISHES (
Con
t.) W ALNUT S
TAIN FOR CAB
INETS
.

To Pol
ish Wood . —Tak e api
ece ofpum - The f
ol
low ing st
ain isexce
llent
ly adapted
i
c
e-s
tone a nd w ater
, a nd pa
ss r e
peatedly t
o t he fi
n
i shing o f wirel
ess a nd el
ectr
ical
o
ver t
he w ork u n
til th
e ri
sing of t
he gra
in c
ab
ine ts and i n
strum en
ts, and f o
r various
i
scut down. T hen take powdered tr
ipoli o
ther w ood en a r
tic
l e
s o n w hich iti sde-
a
nd bo
iled lin
se ed oi
l, and p
ol
ish the w o
rk s
i
red t o have a u ni
form c olor
ing o r f
ini
sh.
t
o abright surface
.
P
repare as o
lu t
ion o f: 6o unc eso f as olu-
C
lock C a
s e a
nd P icture F rame F inish
.— t
i
on o f potassium p e rmang anate, a nd 6
Copal v arnish, 2l b
s.
; l i
n s
e ed oi
l v a
rnish, o
unces of su
lfat e of m agn esia i n 2q uarts
2 o
3/ z.; mix w ell
, s hake o ft
en , a
nd p l
ace in o
fhot w a
ter. Th e so
lu t
ion i sapplied w ith
aw arm s pot
. Th e w ood t ob e varnished is abrush and t he app l
ication s hould be r e
-
p
repar ed with at hin c oa
to fg l
ue-wa ter, and p
ea
ted. I n c ontact w ith w ood t h
e p otas-
r
ubb ed d own w ith f i
ne p umice
-s tone o r s
i
um p ermang anate d ecompo s es
, a nd al a
st-
i
ng w a
lnut c o
lor r esults
. I f s mal
l p ieces
s
om ething e quivalen t. I n al i
gh t-colo
r ed
o
f wood are t o be thus s t
ained , av e
ry d i
-
wood, al ight pigm en t
, such a schalk , isad-
l
u
te bath isprepared a ccording t othe above
d
ed t o the g lu
e-wa ter; i n dark w ood, a
d
e
script
ion, then t he w ooden p i
eces are i m-
d
ark p igm ent isa dded. Wh en re ady, the
m
ersed and left in the s o
lution f or from 1
a
rt
icle s ar
e v arnish ed w i
th t h
e ab ove m ix-
t
o 5minutes
, a ccording t ow h ether al i
gh ter
t
ure, and, after drying , rubbed w i
th as olu-
o
r darker color i s desired.
t
i
on o f w ax i n ethe r
, t hereby receiving a
h
igh p ol
ish.
White P
olish fo
r Wh ite Woods. — Wh
ite
b
l
eached sh
ellac, 3oz
s.; white g
um benzo
in, The i n
ten se b
lack co
lor tha
t c ab
inetmak -
1oz
.; gum s a
ndarac, Y
2 oz.; s
p
iri
ts ofwine e
r
s p roduc e iso bta
ined b y moist
ening t he
o
r naph
tha, 1p t. D is
solve. w
ood w ith d i
lute sul
furic ac
id a nd a f
ter-
w
ards g ently heat
ing. The f ollowing m ix-
t
u
re answ e
rsw e
ll. S u
lfuric a
c
id, one ounc e
,
w
ater, 8o unces
. When c o
ld a dd sugar in
STA
INS OF ALL K
INDS
. t
he pr oportion o f 1o unce t o ten fluid
Th
e f o
llowing fo
rmula
s a r
e u
s
ed b
y o
unces
.
m
any fu
rniture manu
fac
turer
s: D
eep br
own o n o
ak c
an be o
btained b
y
Walnut Stain. —Dis
solve in 30 oz
. o f g
i
ving t
he wood ac
oat o
fir
on ch
loride a
nd
w
ater 1o z
. permanganate ofpo
tash
. A pp
ly w
hen dry a c o
at of ammon
ium s u
lf
ide
.
t
h
is so
lution t w
ice
. Wa it af ew minute
s T
his i
sdarkened w
ith t
ann
ic ac
id.
a
nd w a
sh w ith clean water
. Wh en dry Ana
line mahogany —One-ha
lf ounc
e Bis-
o
i
l and pol
ish
. ma
rk brown inthree p
in
ts ofbo
il
ing w a
ter
.
T
o S ta
in P ine a Wa lnu t C ol
or.—M ix Th
is isdark
ened w i
th tann
ic ac
id.
t
horoughly 1p ound b urn t s i
enna, 1pound C
hinese Brown Mahogany —Bo
il l o
g-
d
ry burnt umb er, and 4o z. l amp bl
ack; a
dd w
ood chip
s i
nt w
ice t
he
ir b
u
lk o
fw a
ter, f
or
t
o 1g al
lon o f v e
ry t hin s he
llac
. A pp
ly t
wo hours
; s
tra
in and a
dd as
mal
l quant
ity
w
ith a b rush
. Wh en t ho roughly dry r
ub o
f c
hlorid o
f ti
n
.
d
own w ith fi
ne s a ndpap er a nd then gi
ve
o
ne c o
at o f s
hellac o r va rnish
. Vandyke b r
own 1o z
., burnt u mber
,
o
z
., aqua a mmonia
, 4o z. M ix ino pen a
ir
Walnut S tain f
or Hard Wood. —To 1 t
o avo
id f um e
s, st
rain and a pp
ly.
g
al
lon o f strong vin
egar add 1 p
ound d
ry
b
urn t u mber, Y 2 oz
. rose p
ink
, and 7, To b r
ighten s t
ain —Nitr
ic a c
id Y 2 oz
.,
p
ound d r y b urnt Vandyke b
rown. M ix h
ydrochloric ac
id o
z
., ra
in w ater 1oz.
t
horoughly a nd a pp
ly with a br
ush. Mix se
vera l d
ays befo
re us
ing.
7
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

B
rown -Black —Log-w
ood p
owder 1oz
., S
TOVE POL
ISH
.
i
r
on s u
lfat
e 1o z
. A pp
ly s
epa
rat
ely i
n B
lack Lead, 5pa
rts;Bone Black
, 5pa
rts;
w
ashes in order n
amed. I
r
on Sulfa
t e
, 10parts
. M ix t
horough
ly and
F
ini
shing L
I7a
x.-1 lb
. be
st bee
swax, 2 m
ake in
to a p a
ste wi
th wate
r.
l
b
s. t
urpent
ine
. Plac
e in ave
sse
l and h
ea
t
s
e
parate
ly. D o n
ot p
lac
e ov
er af i
re
.
Metal Varni
sh —One par
t copa
l, 1part
o
i
l of ro
semary, in 2o
r 3pint
s of a
bso
lute REMOV
ING AC
ID S
TAINS
.
a
l
cohol. Thi s s
hould b
e a
ppl
ied whi
le ho
t. I
ffi
rst a
id isgi
ven toa c
id-stained c l
oth
,
o
ne m ay often remove the s ta
in w i
thout
P
oli
sh —One pin
t b o
iled oi
l, 4o
z
. v
in
-
e
gar
, 2o z
. sp
iri
ts of camphor, 1o
z
. am
- t
aking the tr
ouble to neu
tralize t he ac
id;
m
onia, Ya o
z. ant
imony. S
hak
e a
nd l
e
t t
he removing agent ism ere
ly c h
loroform.
s
t
and 2 o
r 3d ays b
efore u
sing
. I
f
, h owever
, the cl
oth has be
en p l
ainly in
-
j
ured or de
stroyed by t
he ac
id, s t
rong a m
-
monia s
hould fi
r
st be u
sed ton eutralize
.
In th
e case o f h
ydroch
loric o r sul
furic
REMOV
ING S
TAINS OF ALL K
INDS
.
a
c
id, c o
ncentrated ammonia a lone will be
S
o
lut
ion No. 1
. 20% s
o
lut
ion o
f a
c
etic s
ufic
ient
. B ut bewa
re ofc heap d y
es! Am -
a
c
id or t
a
rta
ric a
c
id. monia wil
l t urn a p a
ir of b l
ack-s
trip
ed
b
each tr
ousers in
to b
lack tr
ou s
er s
. I n su
ch
S
olut
ion N o
. 2. Five gr
am so fbl
each
ing ac a
se, ch
loroform w il
l also r emov e the
p
owd er (CaC10). Boi
l in1 00 c
.c
. o
fw ater r
unning dye
.
u
nt
il ap i
nk colo
r appear
s. F il
ter and add
5
0 c.
c. of c
old wat
er.
POL
ISH FOR VARN
ISH
ING WOOD
.
To r
emov e i
nk, c
of
fee
, tea
, fr
uit
, a
nd dye
s
t
ains
, w e
t the s
pot t
horoughly wi
th No
. 1. S
hake we
ll to
gether 1p
int V
inega
r, 1o
z.
A
bsorb the s
upe
rfluou
s li
quid wi
th ablo
tter A
lcoho
l, 1pin
t Lins
e ed O
il
, 1oz
. Butt
er o
f
a
nd app
ly N o
. 2. Rinse a
nd re
peat i
fnec
es- A
ntimony
.
s
a
ry.
F
or r
emov
ing common st
ain
s, t
r
eat a
s ROSE WOOD S
TAIN
.
s
hown i
n t
he f
o
llowing t
a
ble
:
A
lcoho
l 1g allon, c
amwood 2 o unces
.
STAIN RE MOVED BY
S
et i
n awarm pl
a c
e 24 h
our
s. A dd e
xtra
ct
Acids Cold water , Nos . 1a nd 2.
o
f l
og
-wood 3 ounces
, a
qua fo
rti
s 1o unce
.
Grass a
nd f
ruit Cold water , a lcohol
, Nos .
1and 2. When di
sso
lved itisre
ady fo
r use
.
Grease Gasoline
, carbon t
etra -
h
l or id , c
hloroform ,
e
ther, carbon b
isu lf
id,
a m mo nia , s oap-suds ,
war m f ullers eart h
(
cover w ith a b lotter A BR
IGHT POL
ISHER
.
and a pply a war m i ron.)
Dyes, coal t
ar o r o
f Afew gra
insofb u
ttero fantimony added
vegetab
le or
igin Nos
. 1a
nd 2
, am mon
ia.
t
o abot
tle of ord
inary m ach
in e
-oi
l p rove
s
Mildew Nos. 1 a nd 2 , s unlight.
Inks Nos. 1 a nd 2 . t
obean exce
llen
tp ol
isher fo
r old f
urniture
.
I
nks , I
ndelible (
s
ilver) Potass iu m cyanid , 1
0%. I
t isea
si
ly m ade and brightens w h
er ev
er
Use g reat c aution —in-
t
ense ly POISONOUS , a
pp
lied to
.
Sod iu m h yposu lfite 2 0%
solution.
I
od in Methy l a lcoho l
, p otassiu m
i
od icl Sol. 10% . WOOD S
TAINS
.
I
ron Rust War m o xalic o r citric a
cid,
10%. I
f i n s i
lk , let it To s t
ain e bony, mix
: S o
lut
ion A—
a
lone .
Paint, varnish Turpent ine, b enz ine, c ar- Water
, 10 o unc
e s
; su
lphur
ic a
c
id, 1ounce
.
b
t
on t
urpent
e
trach lor
ine o
id
n s
. U
ilk.
se no B
rush on a nd alow to s
i
nk in
to th
e wood
Tar
, wagon g
rease S
oap a
nd o
i
l, t
urpent
ine
. t
obe sta
in ed, a
nd then h
old c
l
ose to af
i
re
 POLISHES AND STAINS
. 7
9

f
o
r afew minut
es, i
n w
hich t
ime a r
i
ch T
o S
t
ain G
reen
. —So
lut
ion A—V
erd
i-
b
l
ack i
spr
oduced
. g
r
is, 4o
unc
es; v
i
neg
ar, 4
0 o
unc
es. S
o
lut
ion
S
o
lution B—Strong s
olu
tion o
f a
n
iline B—Ind
igo
, 1d
rachm
; v
i
neg
ar, 2
0 o
unc
es.
i
n a
lcohol o
r F
rench p
ol
ish
.
B
oi
l e
a
ch f
o
r 1
0 m
inu
tes
. M
ix a
c
cord
ing
T
o Sta
in Wa lnut. —Po
tas
sium perman-
t
oti
nt
. A
verag
e p
ropo
rtion
: (
A) 6o
unc
es:
g
ana
te, 6
0 g
rains; wat
er, 1
0 oun
ces
. U sed
w
eaker i
tim
itat
eso ak
. (
B) 1o
unc
e.
 V
arn
ish
esa
nd P
a
int
s.
VARN
ISHES
. Cabinet-M ak er
's V arnish. —V e ry p al e
V
arn
ishes (common O i
l V a
rnish).— S
hellac
, 5l bs
.; Ma stic, 7o z
.; A lcoho l
, 9 0
R
esin, 4lbs
.; B
eeswax, 1
/ l
2 b
.; B
oil
ed O i
l, p
er cent, 5o r 6p ts
. D i
sso lve i nt he cold
1gal
. M ix w
ith hea
t, t
h
en add Sp
irit
s of w
ith f requent s t
irring. U sed f or F rench
Turpen
tine, 2quar
ts. p
ol
ishing , etc
.
Waterproof V a rni
sh . —Th e f ol
low ing i s
Chine
se V arni
sh. — Ma s
tic
, 2o z.; San- much u sed f or w aterproof t e
xtile f ab
ric s:
d
arac
, 2o z
.; Recti
fied Spiri
ts, 1pt
. Close B
oilt ogetheru nti
lt horough ly i n
co rpo rated :
t
h
e Ma tras
s with bladder w i
th a pi
n hole 2qts. Linseed O i
l a nd y2 l b. Fl our o fS ul-
f
o
r t he es
cape of v
apo r
; h eat tob
oil
ing in p
hur. A pply l u
kewa rm.
asand or w a
ter bath, and w hen d
is
solved Electri
cal V arnish. —Th e o nly g ood v ar-
s
t
rain through li
nen. n
i
sh f o
r a l k inds o f ele
ctrical w ork, a l
so
f
or f i
nishing w ood a nd m etal w ork, i s
Masti
c V arni
sh. — Ma
stic
, 1l b
.; Whit
e
f
orm ed b y di
s solving O rang e S hella c in9 5
Wax, 1o z.; Sp
iri
ts of Turpentine, 1g
al
.
p
er cent. Alcoho l
.
Reduc
e t h
e gum s ma
ll, t
hen digest i
twi
th
Mechan i
cs V arnish. —M ix t og ether: 5
h
eat in ac l
osed ves
sel ti
l
l d i
ssolved
.
p
arts of R osin, 1p art of D ragon 's B lood ,
Turpen
tin
e Varn
ish
. —Re
sin
, 1l
b.; B
oil
- 1p ar
t o f G ambog e, 2 p a
rts o f G ut ta
e
d Oil, 1lb
. Me l
t, th
en a
dd T
urpent
ine P
ercha , 1p art o fS hellac, 50 p arts o f Vo la-
2lb
s
. M ix we
ll
. t
i
le T ar O il.
P
a l
e V a
rnish. —Pa le A fr
ican C opal, 1
p
ar
t; f u
se. T hen a dd hotP al
e O il
, 2p ar ts
.
INSULAT ING VARN ISH.
B
oi
l t h
e m ixtu r
e t il
l iti s st
ringy ; t hen
c
o
ol al it
tle
, and a dd Spir
its of T urpentin e
, Wh ite shellac 4o unces
, bla
ck a n
il
ine dye
3parts
. 1tablespoon ful. The a ni
line dye m us
t be
s
o
lub le in a lcohol only
. T his mixture, if
Lacquer V a rni
sh. —A g ood l acquer i s c
or
r ectly m ad e, when l a
id on w i
th a s o
ft
m
ade b y color
ing L ac V arni
sh w ith T ur- brush w ill p roduce as h
iny b l
ack s u
rface
,
m
eric and A nna tt
o. A dd asm uch o f these giv
ing t he i nstrump t an ea
t a ppearance
.
t
wo c o
loring s ubstances to the va rn
ish a s
I
tm u
st be l aid on q u
ickly
, a s i
ts e
ts in a
w
il
l g ive t h
e p roper c o
lor; then s q
ue eze
f
ew s econds
.
t
h
e v arnish through a c otton c l
oth, w h en
i
tform s la
cquer.
G
old V arnish. —D igest She
llac
, 1 6par
ts; PA
INTS
.
Gum S andara c
, Ma stic
, o f ea
ch 3 p ar
ts;P
r oportions o f C olor
s f or O rdinary
C
rocus
, 1p art; G um G amb oge
, 2p ar
ts
P
a;
ints:
a
l bruised
, w i
th A lcohol
, 1 44 parts
. I f
Wh ite- 100 p art
s o f Wh i
te L ead.
y
e
llow i s required, u se T urmeric
, A loe
s,B
la ck -100 p art
s o f Lampblack.
S
afron o r Gamboge ; for red
, use A nna
ttoGreen -25 p art
s o f White Lead and 7 5
o
r D r
agon '
s B lood t o color
. Turmeri
p
ac
,
rt
s o f V erdigris
.
Gamboge and D ragon's Blood genera
lly af
-S
tone -99 p ar
ts o f Wh i
te Lead a nd 1
f
o
rd as ufic
ien t range ofcolors
. p
art B urnt Umb er.
Va
rnish for T ool
s. —Take T al
low, 2 Lead -98 p a
rts of Wh ite Lead a nd 2
o
z
.; R e
sin
, 1o z
., and mel
t toge
th er
. St
rain p
art
s o f L ampb la
ck.
w
hile hot to g
et rid of sp
ecks w h
ich a r
e Red -50 p art
s ofR ed Lead and 5 0 par
ts
i
n th
e r e
s
in; apply a sl
ight coa
t o n your o
fR ed O cher.
t
o
olsw ith abru
sh, and itwil
l keep of
f ru
st Choc o
lat e -4 partsofL ampb la
ck a nd 95
f
o
r a ny le
ngth of time
. p
art
s o f S panish Brown .
8
0
 VARNISHES AND PAINTS
. 8
1

A
dd the r
equir
ed quan
tity of R
aw Lin- I
nnoxious Color f o
r P a
inting T oys
.—
s
e
ed Oil
, Boi
l ed Lin
seed Oil
, T u
rpen
tine Mix 6 par
ts o
f Wh i
te F ine Chalk, 3parts
a
nd Dr
ier
. o
f C a
lcined Magne s
ia ( thoroughly c a
l-
F
or 2
0 lbs
. of pa
int take 2 l
bs
. of R aw c
i
ned). A dd a few d rops of ind
ig o s
olu-
L
ins
eed Oi
l, 2l b
s. of Bo
i l
ed Linse
ed O il
, t
i
on. O il, tu
rpentine, d r
iers
, a s for any
3
/
2 lb
. o
f Turpen
tine, 1
-10 l b
. o
fD rier
. o
t
her p
a
int
.
The p
roport
ionsgi
ven mus
to nly b
eta
ken
Whi
teP a
int f
or Meta
lli
c S urf
aces
.— Oil
a
s an approximate gu
ide w h
en t h
e m a
-
t
e
ria
ls ar
e o f g
ood q
ual
ity
. p
a
ints u
sed on m
eta
ll
ic surfac
e s e
xposed t
o
h
ea
t fr
equen
tly tu
rn y
e
llow. I
f
, i
n
stead o
f
Anti
-C orro s
ive P a
int. —Tak e equal part
s
o
i
l
, Sodium Si
li
cate b
e u
sed
, n
o c
hange o
f
(
by w eight) o f Wh it
ing a nd Wh i
te Lead,
w
ith h alf t he q uantity o f Fine S and or c
o
lor w
i
ll b
eno
tic
ed.
G
rav el
, w i
th as uff
ic
ient quan t
ity of Color
.
Th
is p aint c an b e used a s a.w a
ter color
, Ma
rine P
ain
t. —For m
eta
lsi
nsa
ltw
ater
b
ut iti sm ore d urable to dry itinc ake
s or 4
4 p
ar
ts o
f R
ed L
ead
, 2
4 p
ar
ts o
f Q
uick
-
p
owd er after m ixing, and t h
en u se itasan s
i
lver
, 53x
2 p
ar
ts o
f T
hick Turpent
ine
. M ix
o
i
l paint by g r
ind ing i tagain inl i
nseed oi
l
. t
o prop
er con s
ist
ency with boi
led li
nse
ed
T
he p roportions a re: 12 parts ofR aw L in
-
o
i
l
. G
rind t
h
e t
u
rpen
tin
e a
nd q
u
ick
silv
er
s
e
ed O il; 1p art B oi
led L inseed Oil and 3
p
art
s o f S ulphat e of Lime w ell mixed; 1 t
og
ether
. T h
en g
r
ind t
h
ism
ixtu
rew
ith t
h
e
g
a
l. oft h
is prepa red oil isused to 7l b
s. of R
ed Lead.
t
h
ep owde r
.
Lum inous P a
in t. —M ix t ogether 4 0p ar
ts LUM INOUS PA INTS , RED , BLUE AND
o
f C opa l V arni
sh ( contain ing n either l e
ad GREEN.
n
or m ang an e
se, w h
ich w ou ld d e
s troy t h
e
p
hospho re
scenc e) ;6 p a rts o f p repa red Orang e -46 p ar
ts o f varnish are mixed
B
a r
ium S u
lpha te; 6 p arts o f prepa red C al
- w
ith 1
7
. 5 p
arts p
repared bar
i um su
lphate
,
c
i
um C arbona te; 1 2 p arts o f p repa red 1p art prepared India ye
llow , 1.5 par
ts pre
-
White Z inc S u lphite; 3 6 p arts o f g ood par
ed m adder lake and 38 partso fluminous
Luminou s C alcium S u lph i
t e i n ap roper
c
a
lcium s u
lphide.
v
ess
el t o an e mulsion a nd t hen g r
ind i t
v
ery f i
ne i n ac o
lor m ill.
Green -48 p arts ofvarnish, 10p ar
ts pre
-
Phosphor escen t P aint. —Hea t S t rontium p ar
ed b arium s u
lphate, 8p a
r t
sg r
een chrom-
Thi
su lpha te f o
r 1 5 m inu tes o ver a g ood icoxide a nd 34 parts l
uminou s c a
lc
ium s ul
-
B
un sen g as l amp, a nd t hen fo r 5m inutes ph
id e
.
o
ver ab la
st l amp. M ix w ith p ur
e Me lted
P
araf f
in f or use a s ap ain t f o
r c l
o ck d ial
s, B
lue-42 p arts o f varnish, 1 0
.2 p ar
ts
e
t
c., a nd e xpose f o
r at ime t os unligh t
. p
r
epa red b ar
ium s ulphate, 6 .
4 p ar
ts ult
ra-
S
tencil P a
int. —Tak e S h
ellac
, 2 o z
.; m
arin
e b
l
ue, 5
.
4 p
a
rts c
o
bal
t b
l
ue a
nd 4
6
B
orax, 2o z.; Wa t er
, 25 oz.; G um A rabic
, p
ar
ts l
uminou
s c
a
lcium s
u
lph
ide
.
2oz
.; L ampblack, sufi
cient quantity
. B o
il
t
he bo
rax a nd s h
ellac inw ater ti
ll th
ey are L
uminou
s c
o
lor
s f
o
r a
r
ti
sts
' u
s
e a
r
e p
r
e-
d
i
sso
lv ed; w hen t he so
lution h as b e
com e p
a
red b
y u
s
ing p
ure E
ast I
nd
ia p
oppy o
i
l
,
c
o
ld, c omplete 25 o z. wi
th w a
ter and a dd i
n s
ame q
uan
tity
, i
n
stead o
f t
h
e v
a
rni
sh,
l
ampblack e nough t o br
ing t h
e p r
eparation a
nd t
a
king p
a
ins t
o g
r
ind t
h
e m
ate
ria
ls a
s
t
o as uitab
le c ons
is t
ence
. f
i
ne a
s p
o
ssib
le.
8
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

FOR CLEAN
ING VAR
IOUS SUBSTANCES
. P
ain
t S po
ts fr
om C loth
ing. —Sa
tura
te
w
ith equa
l par
ts t
urp
ent
ine and sp
ir
its o
f
A
laba
ster
. —U
se s
t
rong s
o
ap a
nd w
ate
r.
a
mmonia.
Bl
ack Silk
. —Brush a nd wipe i t th
or-
T
o C
leans
e Hous
e Pap
er. —Rub w
ith a
o
ughly, l
ay on ta
ble wi
th side i
ntended to
f
l
ann
el c
lo
th di
pped i
n oa
tmeal
.
s
how, up; spong
e w i
th hot cofe
e s t
rained
t
hrough musl
in; w h
en part
ly dry
, i r
on. B
lack C
loth.—M ix one p
art o
fs pir
its o
f
T
o R emove Sta
ins or G rea
se f
rom O il ammonia w
ith th
ree p
arts o
f w a
rm w ater
,
P
ain
t. —Use bi
sulf
id of c a
rbon, s
pir
its of r
ub with s
ponge or d
ark cl
oth
, clean with
t
u
rpent
ine, o
r ifd ry and old, u
s
e c h
loro- wa
ter
, rub wi
th the n
ap.
f
o
rm. Th ese a
nd t a
r spo
ts can b
e so
ftened F
urn
iture
,forF
inger Mark
s. —Rub w
ith
w
ith o
l
ive oi
l and tard
. as
o
ft ra
g and s
wee
t oi
l.
S
tains, Iron R ust
, or Ink from V e
llum Chromos
.— Go o ver l
igh
tly wi
th ad amp
o
r P archmen t. — Moi
sten t h
e spot wi
th a
l
i
nen clo
th.
s
o
lution o f oxal
ic ac
id. Absorb same qu
ick-
l
y b
y b lott
ing p aper or cl
oth. Z
inc. —Rub wi
th a p i
ece of c
otton c
lo
th
d
i
pp ed in k
ero
sene
, a f
terwa rd
s with a dry
Rust from S te
el. —Take h a
lf ounce of
c
l
oth.
e
mery p owde r with one ounce of s
oap and
r
ub w ell
. Handsfrom Vegetabl
eS tain
s. —Rub wi
th
F
ru it Spots f r
om C o
tton. —Apply cold a s
l
ice of raw potato
.
s
o
ap, t
hen t
ouch t
h
e sp
ot with aha
ir penc
il Window Glas
s. —Pa
int can b
e r
emov
ed
o
r f
ea
ther di
pped i
nchlo
rate of s
oda
, then b
y astrong s
o
lut
ion ofso
da.
d
i
p immedia
tely i
nco
ld w a
ter
.
T
o Clean T
inware
. —Common s oda a
p-
G
rease f
rom Silk
s. —Take a lump o
f
m
agnes
ia, r
ub itw
et on t
he s
po
t, l
e
t itd
ry
, p
l
ied w
ith amoi
sten
ed newspap
er and p
ol-
t
h
en brush th
e powder of
. i
s
hed wi
th a d
ry pi
ece
, wi
ll m ak
e i tl
ook
l
i
ke n
ew.
I
r
on Ru
st may be r
emov
ed f
r
om w
hit
e
g
ood
s b
y s
our m
ilk
.
CLEAN
ING COMPOUND
.
S
corch S
ta
ins f
r
om Wh
ite L
inen
. —L
ay
i
nbright s
un
. Mix 1o unc e o
f borax and 1o unce g
um
c
amphor w ith 1q uart bo
il
ing w ater; wh
en
Mildew. — Mo
ist
en t he sp
ot wi
th cl
ean
wat
er; rub o
n it at h
ick co
ating o
f c
a
sti
le c
oo
l add 1p int of alcohol
, bo
t t
le a nd c
ork
s
oap mixed wi
th chalk sc
rap
ings; r
ub w
ith t
i
ghtly
. Wh en w anted for u
se, shake w
ell
e
nd of fi
nger
, then w a
sh o f
. a
nd sponge t he ar
ticl
e t obe c
leaned. Th is
O
il Marks o
n Wa
llP aper. —Apply p
a
ste i
san e x
c e
llen t mixture for c
leaning so
il
ed
o
f c
old wa
ter a
nd p
ipe c
lay, le
ave ito
n al b
l
ack c ashm ere a nd w oolen d r
esses, c
oat
n
igh
t, b
rush of i
n t
he m orning. c
o
llars and b lack fe
lt hats
.

l
e
d
 Wood
cra
ft
.
TO PETRIFY W OOD
. W OOD POL
ISHES
.
A p oli
sh f o
r b urn ish ed w ood s urfa ces
E
qua
l q uanti
tie
s of gem sa
lt
, rock al
um,
may b em ade oft he fo
llow ing : Wood P u lp,
whi
te vinegar, cha
lk and Pebble
s' powder
.
4
0 p art
s; Hyd roch lori c A c
id, 4 4 p ar ts;
Thisso
lution willpet
rify w
ood ora ny o
the
r
Chl oride ofL ime , 1 52 p arts; T urpentine ,
p
orous substance ifput in a
fter the e
bul
- 72 p art
. M ix i n t h
e f orm o f ap a
ste a nd
l
i
tion i
so ver
. s
m ea r o v
e r the s urface, a l
low ing i tto r e
-
A Stone Coating for Wood : Forty par
ts main a s hor
t t im e and r emov e i tb y quick
c
halk
, f ity of r e
sin
, f our of li
nseed oi
l, s
t
rok es of as o
ft b ru sh o r l e
athe r, thoro ly
me
lted t og
ether; t o t
hi
s s hou
ld be a dded c
l
ean ing t h
e s u rface. R
ub g en t
ly t o a
p
olish w ith af r
esh p i
ec eo fc l
oth o rc hamo i s
.
o
ne part o f ox
id o f co
pp er and then one
p
art of sul
furic ac
id. Th is l
ast s
hould be For v e
ry h i
gh ly p o
lish ed s urfac es the f o
l-
a
dded v e
ry careful
ly. A pply wi
th ab rush l
ow ing m ay beu sed: D issolv e 5p a r
tsP o tas-
wh
ile hot. s
i
um C arbona t
e i n 3 00 p arts Wa t
er; d i
s-
s
o
lve i n th
is 500 p arts s haved-up B eeswax
T
o I mitate Dark Wood s
: The a pp ear- b
y b o
iling u nt
il t he w ax i spartially sapon i-
a
nceo fw alnutm ay begiven tow hi
te w ood s f
i
ed , r ep
la c
ing t he w at er e vapo rated. R e-
b
y paint
ing o rspong
ing w i
th ac oncentra ted move f r
om t he f i
re a nd s t
ir until c o
ld; a dd
warm s o
lution of permangana t of pota sh. Oil o f T urpen tine, 8 00 p arts, s t
ir c on-
The e f
fect varies for diferen
t k inds o f s
t
an tly until as mooth e mulsion r esult
s, t hen
woods, s ome b ecoming s t
ained r apid ly, a
dd 8 00 p arts ofD istilled Wa ter, continu -
o
thers requi
ring m o
re time. Wh en stained i
ng t he st
irr
ing. Wa sh, r inse a nd d ry t he
wash thoroughly w i
th s o
ft w a
t e
r. A fter s
urfac e t o be polished. A pply t he paste a s
t
he w ood h as dr
ied i tm ay be varnish ed, u
ni form ly and a st hinly a sp oss
ib le; rub o f
a
nd w il
l b e f
ound tov ery cl
ose
ly r e
semb le w
ith as oft wool en c l
oth .
t
he n a
tural d a
rk w oods
.
To Poli
sh Wood : On ly a very few e x
- AC
ID PROOF TABLE TOPS
.
p
erimenter
s w ho mak e t he
ir o wn cab
inets
k
now h ow t o pu
t ag ood p o
lish on t he
ir The f ollow ing s olutions r ender at able
w
oodwork . The f o
llow ing is av e
ry g ood t
o
p i mp erv iou s t o the a c
tion o f ac
ids a nd
m
ethod. T ake api
ece o fp um
ic e s
t
one a nd a
l
kalie
s.
w
a te
r, and pass re
gular ly over the w ork S
olut
ion N o. 1 :
u
ntil t
he ri
sing of th
e g r
ain iscut down ; I
ron S ulfate 2pa r
t s
t
hen ta
ke tr
ipoli a
nd boiled li
nseed oi
l, and Copp er S ulfate 2 "
p
o
lish to ab r
ight s
urface. Pot. P ermang anate 4 "
Wa ter 5
0 "
S
olution N o
. 2 :
Aniline 6 "
H ydroch loric a c
id 9
IÉ
F
ILLER FOR W OOD
.
E
qual parts Japan, bo
iled l i
nseed oil a
nd Wa ter 5
0 "
t
urpentine, and o ne-ha
lf t hat q uantity of Two c oa t
s o f solu t
ion N o. Ia r
e applied
d
ry starch
. M ix and app
ly w ith s ponge or w
ith ab r ush — the s e
cond c oat be
ing applied
f
l
anne l
. D ry 4 8 h
ours and a pply with N o. a
f
ter t he f i
rst h as d r
ied. T he surp
lu s o f
0sandpap er
. Make s e
cond a pplicat
ion and t
h
e s econd c o
a t i s remov ed b y rubbing ,
when d ry rub with ti
cking ov er ab lock of a
f
ter w hich s olution N o
. 2i sappl
ied i n
wood u nt
il the w ood i sp e
rf ec
tly s mooth. t
wo c oats. Wh en t horough ly dry, ac o
a t
S
tain a nd f i
n
ish u p i n any d esir
ed s ty
le. o
f raw l i
n s e
ed o il i stob e rubbed w e
ll i n
to
Use no color for m i
c. t
h
e w ood w ith ac l
o th imp regnated with i t
.
8
3
8
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

HO W TO PUT A P
IANO F
INISH ON W OOD
. 1. Now rub with t
hepa
lm ofyour hand.
R
ub h ard u n
til the wood is cl
ear a nd
I
f the wirele
ss m an wishes to f
inish hi
s
s
mooth. Y ou will n
ow have amirror
-like
i
n
strum ents or tab
le w i
th a f in
ish w h
ich
f
i
n
ish. T he w ood be
comes s
l
ippery a f
ter
w
i
l l not only la
st indef
init
ely, but c l
ose
ly t
h
e h and rubb
ing a nd w
ill n
ot catch the
r
i
v a
l the fi
nish on hi
s piano
, t h
e fo
l lowing d
us
t.
p
roces
s m ust be cl
osely adhered to
. T he
I
n a pply
ing th
e varni
sh a nd shelac put
m
ethod d escr
ibed be
low i stha
t w hich t h
e
o
n at h
ick c o
at ro
ughly. T hen use long
m
anu factu
rers of fi
ne pianos us
e.
s
weep
ing s t
rokes w
ith afi
ne brush
. A lways
1
.Sandpap
er t
h
e wood t
horoughly wi
th wa
it un t
il the v
arni
sh isd ry be
fore sand-
f
i
ne sa
ndpaper
. Do no
t sa
ndpap e
r across p
aper
ing . S ee t
hat th
e v a
rn i
sh i salways
t
he g
ra
in. t
h
in a nd p l
ast
ic be
fore apply
ing.

2
. li
se o
i
l s
t
ain or d
ye
. P
ut o
n h
eavy
a
nd wipe o
f s
u
rplu
s.
RESTOR
ING THE COLOR OF M AHOGANY
.
3.Next pu
t o n anod w
ood fi
ll
er. Rub
f
i
l
l e
r into th
e w ood wi
th ex
cel
sior
. T he Add Ya o unce ofA lkanet root, cu
t s mal,
p
ores o
f th
e w ood s
hou
ld a
l
l be fi
l
led. R
ub t
o ap i
nt of lin
seed o i
l and w hen t h
is has
a
cross t
he g
rain. s
t
ood f or about 5o r 6d ays a dd Ya o unca
p
owd ered gum a rabic and 1o unce ofs h
elac
4
. S
andpap
er v
ery l
i
ght
ly. v
arnish. L et t h
is m ixture stand n ear the
5
. Give thr
ee c o
ats of s
hel
lac. Th in f
i
re for aw e ek and then st
rain. Wa sh the
m
ahogany w ell with soap a
nd w ate
r, before
w
hit
e shel
lac i
spref
erabl
e. Sandpaper e
ach
p
o
lishing w ith t h
is r ec
ipe. Thi
s r e
cipe
c
o
at w hen t
he s
he
llac i
sdry
-befor
e app
lying
s
hould beh andy t oexperimente r
s forp o
lish-
t
h
e n ex
t coa
t. i
ng the ba
ses o f th
eir apparatus.
6
.A fter the la
st coa
t of sh
ellac i
ssand- Mahog any Stain. —D is
solve B urntS i
enna
p
apered apply ac o
at ofthe very b
es
t grad
e i
n vinegar
.
o
fv arn
ish o b
tainable
. S andpaper t
his c
oat To m ake p aper tr
anspa rent
. —By d ipping
wh
en d ry. t
he paper i n f r
esh-d
istil
led b enzine , paper
b
ecom e
s t ranspar ent
. Th is ish andy f or
7
.A pp
ly another c
oat of v
arn i
sh. Wh en
e
xper
im enter s w ho d e
sire t o tr
ac e de s
igns
t
hor
oughly dry r ub with c oarse pumice wi
thout using o rdinary tracing pap er
. T he
s
t
one. Th e pumi
c e s
t
one isput o n we
tf el
t p
aper b e
com es opaque a s soon as t he ben-
a
nd rubb
ed hard unt
il th
e w ood i sen
tir
ely z
ine evapora t
e s and itw i
ll b e n
e cessary to
f
r
ee fr
om lumps and p
erf
ectly smooth. Wipe mo
isten pap er a g
ain. I nk w il
l n ot r un on
o
f all t
rac
es of the pumice stone with a i
t
s surface w hen d amp.
w
et rag o
r chamois s
k
in.
S
.Giv
e t
h
e l
a
st c
o
at o
f v
arn
ish
.
9
. R ub with f i
ne pumice st
one in th
e SOLUT
ION FOR MAK
ING W ORK TABLE
s
ame m anner a s wi
th the coar
se, b
ut do IMPERV
IOUS TO AC
ID AND ALKAL
I
n
ot rub a s hard o r a
s Iona
. R ub ju
st SOLUT
IONS
.
h
ard enough to take of any lumps wh
ich
Doubtles
s, many exper
im ent ers, e
s
pecially
t
he v
arnish might have l
e
ft. Wip e of a
ny
t
ho
se w orking w ith t h
e v ariou s c
hem ical
o
f t
he p umic
e s t
one rema
ining
.
r
e
agents, desir
e s ome coa
ting f or th
e w o
rk
10
. R ub wi
th r ot
ten s t
one in t
he same t
a
ble t h
a t isi mperv
ious to b oth ac
id a nd
manner
; that is
,very light
ly. Ro
tten st
one a
l
kali s o
lutions
. The f o
llowing m ethod
i
ssold i
ns ma
ll cak
e s ab
ou t t
he s
i
ze ofyour h
as been u sed in the la
bor a
tory w ith d e-
f
i
st and islik
ewise a pp
lied with wet fe
lt
. c
i
ded s u
c ce
ss, and isheart
ily r ecomm ended
Wipe the wood clean a nd le
t i
td ry
. t
othose w ho desi
r e asimi
lar f ormula.
 W OODCRAFT
. 8
5

Two s
o
lut
ion
s a
r
e t
o b
e m
ade
: The w
hole
, w
hen d
ry
, m
ay b
e r
ubb
ed
wel
lw ith ap ieceo fw arm w oolen t i
ll bright
S
olution L Iron s
u
lfate, 4p
ar
ts; c
opp
er
s
u
lfate
, 4p ar
ts; p
ota
ssium permang
anate
, a
nd s mooth. 2 . To F rench p oli
sh, m ak e the
8pa
r t
s; w a
ter
, 100 p
arts
. wood s mooth; then pour s om e prepa red p o
l-
i
s
h i n
to as aucer
, a nd s ome l in
se ed o i
l i n
to
S
olut
ion 2 . A nil
ine
, 1 2 part
s; hydro-
c
h
lo r
ic ac
id, 18 pa
rts; wa
ter, 100 p
arts
, or a
nother; t ake s ome p ie
c es o f w oolen r ag
,
a
n
iline hydroch
lorgte
, 15 pa
rts
; w at
er, 100 a
nd roll them u p into ab a
ll
, c ove r
ing t hem
p
ar
ts. w
ith a p iece of linen d rawn t ightly o ver;
App
ly t wo coa
ts ofs o
lution N o
. 1 ,w hi
le t
he rag
s i n
side should f i
r
stb es a
tura ted w ith
h
ot
, apply
ing t h
e se
cond c oat a sso
on a sthe t
hep o
lish, and the w hole s h
ou ld b e tak
en i n
f
i
rst h
as d r
ied. A fter solution N o
. 1h as t
he fi
nge r
s o ft h
e right h and i ns uch aw ay
d
ri
ed, the ex
ces
s ofs o
lution w hich has d
ried t
hat the l i
nen m ay b e drawn t ightly o v
er,
u
pon the sur
face of t
he w ood i sthoroughly a
nd m ay p resent t o the w ood a s moo th
r
ubbed of
f befo
re the appl
ication ofs o
lution
r
ounded s u r
face. Po l
ish w ith f ree, circular
No
. 2.
s
t
rok e
s, a nd g radually t raverse t he w hole
N
ext
, t wo c
oat
s of so
lu tion N o. 2a r
e s
urfac
e; a pply now a nd then ad rop ofp o
lish
a
ppli
ed, a nd the wood p erm itt
ed t o d r
y a
nd ad rop of oi
l tot he s urface o f the rub-
t
horoughly. The b l
ack color d oes no
t a p
-
b
er
. When t
h
egra
in o
fthewood d
isapp
ears
,
p
ear at once, b
ut re
quire
s af ew h ours be
-
f
or
e t urning to ar i
ch e bony-black color
. a
low i
ttost
and 1h
our
, or u
nt
il ha
rd, a
nd
L
ater ac oat o
f raw li
nse
ed o i
l isto be ap
- t
h
en s
a
ndpape
r t
h
e w
hol
e; r
e
pea
t t
h
e p
o
l-
p
l
ied w ith a cl
oth
. i
s
hing u
nt
il s
moo
th. I
fdu
ll p
a
tche
s a
ppea
r
The tab
l e
s are c l
eaned v e
ry eas
ily by t
h
ey m
ay b
e r
emov
ed b
y af
ew d
rop
s o
f
wa
shing with wate
r or suds a
fter a
ny work s
p
ir
its w
ine o
r an
ew r
ubb
er.
i
sf i
n
ished
, a nd th
e a pp
lica
tion of ano
ther
3
. D
isso
lve
, b
y h
ea
t, s
o m
uch b
e
esw
ax i
n
c
oat of o
i
l puts t
hem i nexce
llent o
rder f
or
s
p
iri
ts t
u
rpen
tine
, t
h
at w
hen c
o
ld i
tsh
all
a
nother e
xp er
iment.
b
e t
h
ick a
shon
ey. T
his m
ay b
e a
pp
lied t
o
f
u
rni
tur
e o
r t
owork r
unn
ing i
n t
h
e l
a
the
,
b
y m
ean
s o
f ap
i
ece o
f c
l
ean c
l
oth
, a
nd a
s
W OOD POL
ISHES
.
m
uch a
spo
ssib
le s
h
ould t
h
en b
e r
ubb
ed o
f
f
1
.T he w ood i sf i
rs
t w ell s moothed w ith
b
y m
ean
sof ac
l
ean f
l
anne
l. B
eeswax a
l
one
f
i
ne s andpap er, then c overed w i
th a t hin
i
sof
ten u
s
ed; u
pon f
u
rni
tur
e i
tmu
st b
e
c
oat
ing o f s i
ze f rom t ranspar ent glue, o r
t
h
in s hel
la c
, t o preven t t h
e v arnish f rom m
elt
ed b
y m
ean
s o
f aw
arm f
l
a
t-iron
; b
ut i
t
s
i
nking i n
to t he w ood . When d ry
, p ou r m
ay b
e a
pp
lied t
o w
ork i
n t
h
e l
a
the
, b
y
s
ome v arnish i n
to a s aucer
, t a
ke a f i
ne h
o
lding t
h
e w
ax a
ga
ins
t i
tun
til ap
or
tion
c
amel's hair b rush, a nd c omm ence to v ar-
o
fita
dhe
res
; ap
i
ece o
fwoo
len c
l
oth s
h
ould
n
i
sh a tone c orner, gradua lly spreading o ver
t
he w hole s urface
. T ake c a
r e that t here t
h
en b
e h
e
ld u
pon i
t
,and t
h
e l
a
the t
u
rned
i
snot toom uch v arnish o n the brush, other- q
u
ick
ly, s
oast
ome
lt t
h
e w
ax ;t
h
e s
up
erf
lu-
w
ise a n e v
en s ur
fa ce c annot b e o b
tained . o
us p
or
tion m
ay b
e r
emov
ed b
y as
mal
l p
i
ece
The fir
st c o
a t
ing m ust b e alow ed to d ry, o
f w
ood
, w
hen a l
i
ght t
o
uch w
ith a c
l
ean
wh
ich w ill t ake 2o r 3h ours ; then sa nd-
p
ar
t o
f t
h
e c
l
oth w
i
ll g
i
ve i
t ag
l
oss
. A
p
aper the surfa ce smoo th. T his done, w ith
g
reat care spread t he n ext coat o f varnish, g
ood p
o
lish m
ay b
e g
i
ven t
o m
ahog
any b
y
a
lway s us
ing s andpap er w hen t he su r
fa ce r
ubb
ing i
twi
th l
i
nse
ed o
i
l
, a
nd t
h
en h
o
lding
d
oes n ot t u
rn o ut s mooth. a
ga
ins
t i
t ac
l
oth d
i
pped i
nli
ne b
r
ick d
us
t.
1
,-

8
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

4
. ( Dark.) Seed l a
c 1o unce, gum guaia- 5
. T
ake ap
i
ece o
f s
moo
th p
umic
e s
t
one
c
um, d ragon'
s b lood, and g um m ast
ic, of
e
a
ch 2 d ram s
. P ut in ab ot
tle wi
th 1p int a
nd w
ate
r a
nd p
a
ssr
e
pea
ted
ly o
ver t
h
ewo
rk
s
p
iri
ts w ine; cork c l
ose; expose t
o am od- t
i
l
l t
h
e r
i
s
ing o
f t
h
e g
r
ain i
scu
t d
own;
e
r
ate heat ti
ll d
issolved; st
rain in
to ab o
ttle
t
h
en t
a
ke p
owd
ered t
r
ipo
li a
nd b
o
iled l
i
n-
f
o
r u se
, w th Y
i I.g
il
l l i
nse
ed o i
l; sh
ake t o
-
g
e
ther. s
e
ed o
i
l
, a
nd p
o
lish b
r
ight
.

,
 L
abo
rato
ry H
int
sand E
xpe
rim
ent
s (
Chem
ica
l)
.
PRACT
ICAL CHEM
ICAL LABORATORY Thisvalvewi
llg
i
ve afi
ner r
egu
lation o
fthe
DEVICES
. d
ischa
rg e t
h
an t
h
e usua
l st
op-cock, adrop
Ther
e a r
e m any instrum ent
s and o pe
ra-
t
i
ons in chemist
ry that ca n b
e so improved
a
s tom ake them handier o r t
o sho
rten the
t
ime re
quired f o
r ag i v
en p r
ocess
. Many
o
ft h
ese ar
e ine ve
ryday u se i
nl a
rge labo
ra-
t
or
ies but th
e experimen ter h
ears but li
tt
le
o
f them.

f
ume
/

5
/
iermy ef
fec
t Le
o/t
on
o
fp r
essurean Fee An Auto mat
ic Saturator I
s Eas
ily Made as Sho wn
s
ides o
flebe
in Above Diagram a nd May Co me i
n Handy.

T
oosero
lor a
t at ime or as t
eady stream b e
ing r e
adily
a
t
tainable
.
VACUUM FI LTER : Wh en fi
lte
ring thick
f
l
uids th
e proces
s m ay be s p
eeded up by the
u
s
e o f avacuum f i
lter
ing d evi
ce. To create
R
ecei
ver
t
he vacuum, use can b e m ade of th
e g la
ss
a
s
pirators which a r
e p r
ocurab le at av ery
fe
.I F
i
;9
.2( t

Here Are a Ho me - made Bure

tte-Pipette and a
Vacuu m-Fil
ter o
f Si mple and I
ngenious Construc-
t
ion Welco me in Every Laboratory.

A f orm o f b u
rette, or m ore p r
operly a
p
ipette
, h av
ing s everal advantages isshown
i
nF ig. 1 . I ns
tead o f th
e usua l fo
rm w ith
t
he stop-cock a tthe bottom, ap l
ain gradu-
a
ted t ube isf i
t
ted a tthe top w i
th a 6 -
inch
l
ength o f rubber tu
bing. The v a
lv e i
nt h
is
c
ase i sm ade b y sl
iding a s hort l e
ngth of
g
lass ro d i
nto the rubber tub e
, locat
ing the
s
am e m idway o f it
s length. Th e tube is
n
orma lly kept clo
sed b y th
is rod but asl
ight
p
ressure o n o ne s i
de o f th e rubber w i
ll This Suggestion to Get R id o f All Obnoxious
c
ause t he t ube to buckle ou t and f o
rm a Fu mes in t he Sma ll Laboratory I s Certa
inly
Meritor
ious a nd S
hows W hat a L ittle I
ngenu i
ty
c
hanne l t h
rough w hich l i
quids o r ai
r can Wil
l Atta
in.
f
l
ow . "
r
e
asonable p r
ice
. T o use t
h
is for fi
l
ter
ing,
The device c
an be f
i
l
led ei
ther b
y su
cking t
h
e rec
eiver i sfi
t
ted with aco
rk having two
t
h
e f l
u
id u p in
to t
he t
ube w
ith the mouth o
r h
o
les. O ne, la
rge e
nough tot a
ke the s
pout
b
yi mm e
rsing itin
to th
e f
lu
id with t
he va
lve o
fthe funnel, th
e ot
he r h
av
ing as h
o r
t gla
ss
o
pen and r emov
ing af
ter t
he va
lve i
sclos
ed. t
ube i
nserted. S ee Fig
. 2.
8
7
8
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

A wad of absorbent cotton i splaced i n s

uc
tion tube of the asp
irator; s
ee Fig. 4.
t
h
e b o
ttom o f the funnel a nd r e
aching a The v
acuum c r
eated wi
ll draw o
ffal f ume
s
s
hor
t di
stance up the si
des
. T hi
s ist os u
p- a
nd vapors a t arapid r a
te
. S hould t h
e
p
ort t
he f
il
ter p
ap e
r and p r
ev ent itbreaking v
apor be re
quired fo
r further e
xper
im ent a
u
nder ai
r pre
ssure. T he b en
t glas
s t ube is c
onden
ser c a
n b e c
onnected in t
he li
ne be
-
c
onnec
ted t o th
e a sp
irator a nd w hen t h
e
t
ween the funnel a
nd the asp
ira
tor toc on
-
w
ater fl
ow i sst
arted a sl
i ght vacuum w i
ll
d
ense t
he vapor.
e
x
ist in the re
ceiver
. A ny l i
quid p oured
i
n
to the funnel wil
l b e fi
l
t ered at ar a
pid
r
a
te d ue t o the air p r
es sure forc
ing i t
t
h
rough. AN I
NTEREST
ING CHEM
ICAL
EXPERIMENT
.
SA
TURATED SO
LUT
ION AP
PARATUS
. D
isso
lv e ali
tt
le cobal
t c h
lor
id i n some
S
aturated solut
ions o f s
al
ts can be m o
re a
gue r e
gia (byhea
ting). T he mixturew i
ll
q
u
ickly m ad e by s u
ppo r
ting the salt n
ear b
e g r
een. A dd afew drops o
fw a
ter and it
t
h
e s u
rface of t h
e liqu
id. Th e id
ea b e
ing w
i
ll t u
rn r e
d. A dd three tim
es as m uch
t
h
a t as t h
e s al
t d i
ssolves the fl
uid g et
s w
at er asm ix
ture and u
se fo
r invi
sib
le i n
k;
h
eav
ier and s i
nk s to t
he bottom, being re
- w
h en h ea
ted itwi
ll tu
rn blue
.
p
l
a c
ed b y other flu
id. Th i
s circu
lation is
a
u
toma tic and c on
tinues ti
ll th
e saturat
ion
p
o
in t isreached.
HOME
-MADE D
IST
ILL
ING APPARATUS
.
Al i
tt
le device, eas
ily m ade o fg las
s, th a
t
The a c
company ing sk
etch i lu
strates a
c
an be used w i
th a l ch emicals iss hown i n
F
ig. 3. T he body i sm ade by c u
tting at wo h
ome-mad e D ist
illing A ppa
ratus. The
i
n
ch l e
ngth from al a
rge t e
st tube and b end- c
onden s
er i s mad e from a student l amp
i
ng in the edges a t t
he c ut by h eat
ing t i
l
l c
h
imn ey
. I nse
rt ac o
rk at b
oth e nds and
s
o
f t in aB un sen f l
ame. A w ad o f g l
ass b
ore them f o
rg la
ss tub
ing
. T ube As hould
w
oo l isplaced i n the t ube
, b e
ing h e
ld i n e
x
tend s tra
ight through t
he co
nd en
se r
; tube
p
l
ac e by t
he turned-in e dge. The g lass rod D should e x
tend a bou
t an in
ch b e
low t h
e
u
sed t o su
ppor t the d evice isf a
stened i n
p
lace by heating t he r od and t u b
e w here e
t
:OZ

t
hey are to b e jo
ined u nt
il soft a nd t hen
o
p
ress
ing them t ogether. Ac ork f i
t
ted o ver
t
he r o
d w il
l s u
ppo r
t t he device i n
side a C
e
eef
ted
ive
Ér
b
ott
le.
I
n use t
hetube isfi
lled wi
th t
he sa
lttobe
d
i
ssolved and p
laced i n th
e bo
ttle c
ontain
-
i
n
g t h
e so
lvent atsuch ah e
ight th
at t
he to
p
o
f the t
ube isj
ust below t h
e su
rface
. A d
-
d
i
tional sa
lts may b e added fr
om t ime to
t
ime asfound neces
sa ry.
:
ge
feel
l
omp een
ey
Th
e a s
pira
tor ment
ioned in c
onn
ection T
op e
w
ith fi
l
ter
ing can be u
sed w
ith a
dvantage
w
hen d
ry
ing o
r evapora
ting. I n t
h
is ca
se
t
h
e e
vapo
rat
ing d
i
sh i scov
er ed b
y afu
nnel Eas
ily >lade D isti
lling Apparatus W hich Every
Amateur Che mist Wi l
l Find Ex tre me
ly Useful
t
h
e sp
out of w
hich i s connec
ted t
o the About t he Labora
tory.
 LABORATORY H
INTS AND EXPERI MENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 8
9

c
ork. If ound tha
t i ft ube D i sc ut of
f The th
ist
le t
u
be permits the a
ir t
oente
r
a
bout f our i nches be
low t he bend a nd a t
h
e c o
ntainer
, w
hile t
he cotton in i
tkeep
s
l
ong pi
ece o fr ubber t
u b
ing u s
ed i n
stead o f t
h
e d u
st, et
c.
, f
r
om g e
tting into t
he wa
ter
.
along gla s
s o ne itwou ld cos
t l e
ss a nd be The drawing e
xpla
ins ful
ly t he c
on
struc-
more se
rv iceable
. Tub e C s hould e xtend
t
i
on.
a
bout 1i nch a b
ove the bottom c ork. T he
c
ondenser i sh e
ld in p la
ce b y ap iece of C
Otion
--
--
--
---
-
wood, shap ed a s i
n Fig. 2 , f
as
ten ed o n a T
h
ist
le t
ube
s
helf a
b ov e t h
e bench.
;D
i
sti
l/
so' we
er
The b
oile
r Ki sa
n e mpty cof
ee can. A
G
loss .1
h
ole i
scut int h
e c o
ver and the neck of a
n l
o
be'
emp
ty maple syrup ca n isso
lder
ed o v
er it
.
The co
ver i sthen soldered on th
e c a
n s o
t
hat t
he st
eam c annot es
cape. T hree p
iec
es
o
f ti
n are nex
t s o
ldered o n t
of o
rm as up
-
p
ort
.
Another c an L isf i
t
ted w i
th a s ma
ll
f
a
uc e
t w hich can be o
btained fr
om a n o
ld
g
as jet
. T his c
an iss u
pport
ed o n le
gs
l
i
ke the b o
ile
r. C ar
e should be ta
ken th
at
t
he bottom o f t
he can Li son al e
vel o
r
h
igher than the t
o
p oft h
e c o
ndense
r.
When t h
ew ate
rb oi
lsi nc an K
, th
es t
eam
p
ass
es through t
ube A. T he f
auc
et on c an
Li st
u rned on; co
ld w ater fl
ows through
t
ube C and ci
rcu
latesthrough thecond enser '
Pech c
od
'.
a
nd fl
ow s out t
hrough tu be D in
to a s ink
'
Rubb
er t
u
be
o
r alarg e p
an. T he di
stilla
te isca
ugh t at
E
.
I
f
,w hen th
ew ater ist
u
rned o
n, t
helower Here I
s a Very Handy Dist
illed W a
ter Supply
c
ork le
aks some m e
lted p
ara
ff
in s
hould be Act
ing o
n the S
iphon Princ
iple.

p
oured s
lowly i
nto the t
u
be and a
l
lowed to
h
arden
o
f t
I
h
. T
e l
f a
ny
ow
th
e
his m
r c
o
ing b
ay b
rk
e
s
.
id
e
e d

s wa
one o

te
r i
n b

st
oth s

o be d
i
s
i
de

-
s
l CHEM
ICAL BAROMETER
.

T
o m
ake ac
h
emic
al b
a
rom
ete
r t
a
ke p
o
-
t
i
l
led ag l
ass f
l
ask m u
st b
e us
ed i
n
stead o
f t
a
ss
ium n
i
tra
te, 3
0 g
r
s.; a
mmon
ium c
h
lor
-
c
an K.
i
d
e, 3
0 g
r
s.; c
amphor
, 1
20 g
i
s.; a
l
coho
l, 2
o
z
s. P
ut t
h
e m
ixtur
e i
n ab
o
ttl
e t
e
n i
n
che
s
HANDY D
IST
ILLED W ATER SUPPLY
. l
o
ng a
nd rt i
n
ch i
n d
i
ame
ter
. C
over t
h
e
The ac
company ing d
rawing shows acon- b
o
ttle w
ith a p
i
ece o
f p
e
rfo
rat
ed p
l
ast
er.
v
en
ient m ethod for h
av
ing ah andy supply I
f fne w
i eather isin
dic
ated the i
n
solub
le
o
fdist
ill
ed w ater
. When i ti sonc
e s
tarted m
atter w
il
l s e
tt
le at th
e bot
tom of t h
e
s
i
phoning t h
rough the b
ent tu
be, itw
il
l a l
- b
o
ttle; p
r
evious to achang
e for r
a
in t h
e
w
ays be re
ady . A ny amoun
t can bedrawn c
ompound gr
adual
ly r
a
ise
s, t
h
e f
l
u
id r
ema
in-
a
t wil
l. i
ng tr
anspar
ent
.
9
0 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

Twenty-
four hou
rs before as t
orm o r
v
ery h
igh wind t
he s
ub
stance wil
l be pa
rtly
o
n th
e s u
rface
, t
he fl
u
id b e
ing turbid and
i
n ast
ate res
embl
ing fe
rm enta
tion.

S
TORM GLASS OR BAROSCOPE
.

P
otass
ium n i
trat Gr
.30
Ammon ium chlor
id Gr
.36
Ab
solute a
lcohol F
l. D
r. 6
A
lcohol F
l
. Dr
. 6
P
ut th
e mixtu
re i n
to a b
ott
le 18 i
nche
s
i
nle
ngth and 4 i
nch indi
am e
ter
, and c
ove
r
t
h
em outh wi
th apie
ceo fpe
rforat
ed p
las
ter
.
Ift h
e w eather istob e fa
ir th
e i n
soluble
m
att er wi
ll sett
le atthe bot
tom o ft h
e tube,
w
hil e th
el i
quid remainsp e
llucid; bu
t p r
evi-
S
ect
iona
l V
iew o
f Gas '
Genera
tor
.
o
u
s t o ac hange for r
ain, t
he compound w ill
g
radua l
ly r i
se, the flu
id r emain
ing t r
ans-
p
arent. Tw enty-
four hours befo
r e as t
orm c
ond
ition, P ro
f. C . D . D il
ts h a
s r e
cent
ly
o
r v ery high w ind t h
e s ubs
tance w i
ll b e d
eve
lop ed ag ene rator which may b e ea
si
ly
p
artly on t h
e s ur
face of the li
quid, appar- a
nd cheaply constru c
ted. I n ex
pe r
im ent
ing
e
n
tly i n the form of al e
af; the flu
id i n w
ith qual
i ta
tive a nalys
is ac onstant supp
ly
s
u
ch c a
sesw ill beve
ry t u
rbid and in as t
ate o
fhydrogen s u
lfide i se
ss
ential
. T hi
sg ener
-
r
e
semb l
ing f ermenta
tion. a
t
or, b
e
ing s
e
lf
-regu
lat
ing
, w
il
l f
u
rni
sh a
c
ons
tan
tfl
ow o
fhydrogen s
ulf
ide
, c
arbon d
i
-
o
xid
, o
rhyd
rog
en. T he p
rinc
iple o
fo p
era
-
A S
I MPLY CONSTRUCTED GAS t
i
on i
sth
e s
ame a
s't
ha
t o
f t
h
e w
el
l-known
GENERATOR
. K
ipp g
ener
ator
, n
ame
ly t
h
at w
hen t
h
e g
a
s
Among th
e au tomat
ic gas gene
rators o
n f
o
rmed i
sno
t a
low
ed t
o e
s
cap
e t
h
e s
o
lid
t
h
e m ark
et the
re a r
e few w i
thin reach o
f m
ater
ial i
sau
tomatica
lly r
ai
sed o
ut o
f t
he
t
h
e a v
erage experimenter
. T o m eet t
h
is l
i
quid
, but when th
e pre
ssure i
sre
li
eved
t
h
e s o
lid s
ub
stance is low
ered i
n
to th
e
l
i
quid
, and t
he gene
rator b
egin
s t
o f
unc
-
t
i
on. A
s w
i
ll b
e s
e
en i
nth
e d
r
awing
, t
h
e
f
our pa
rts ar
e: f
i
r
st, ag
las
s jar o
r c
on-
t
a
iner
; second
, ab
ott
le o
f s
l
igh
tly s
mal
ler
d
i
amet
er, w
ith the bo
ttom remov
ed, and
f
i
t
ted w
ith a s
t
opcock in t
h
e to
p; th
ird
, a
l
e
ad b
a
ske
t f
o
r h
o
lding t
h
e s
o
lid m
ater
ial;
a
nd f
o
urth
, as
mal
l w
ash b
o
ttle
.

T
he gl
assja
r may b
eeas
ily made b
y c
ut
-
t
i
ng of
f the t
op o
f ala
rge bo
ttle
. Th er
e
Th
is I l
lustrat
ion Shows the Dif
ferent Par
ts C o m-
pos
ing t he "Gas Generator" Here Described
. a
r
e m
any m
ethod
s w
hich m
ay b
e e
mploy
ed
 LABORATORY H
INTS AND EXPERI MENTS (Che mical)
. 9
1

g
ene
rator
, a
s itn
o
t only s
t
ead
ies t
h
e f
l
ow
b
ut cl
eans a
nd p
ur
if
ie
s the g
as
.
The a ppa ratus s h
ou ld n ow b e assemb l ed
a
si si lu
s trated i nt he d raw ing and p ho to-
g
raph. The s o
lid m ateria l
, such a s i ron
s
u
lfid ( when 1 2S i sd e
sired) i sp l
aced i n
t
h
e l ead b asket a nd t he d ilute ac
id i n t h
e
g
l
a s
sj a
r. Wh en thes ma
l lerb ot
tle isplac ed
i
n the jar t he a c
id, r eac
ting w i
th t he i r
on
s
u
lfid,e ngend er s afl
ow o f1 -
12Sw h
ich f orc e
s
t
he acid o ut o f the b asket i fthe st
op-cock
i
sc l
osed. Wh en t he stop -cock iso p
en ed,
t
he gas escap e
s a nd a low s t he a
cid tot o uch
C
o mp
lete
ly Asse mb
led Gas Genera
tor and W ash t
he ir
on s u
lfid, again c ausing t h
e forma tion
Bott
le. o
f } LS. Thu s gas i sa lways eas
ily p ro
-
c
urable w ithou t w aste o f m a
ter
ial.
i
n r
emov
ing th
e b
e
ll of t
h
e bo
ttle
, but by
f
a
r th
e be
st a
nd s
u
res
t ist
he o
ne des
crib
ed
b
e
low.
A REL
IABLE HYDROGEN SULF
ID
S
everal long s t
rips of n ewspap er
, a bout GENERATOR
.
a
n i n
ch wid e
, should b eso
ak ed i nw ater and Her
ew i
th i
s ap
lan and d
esc
rip
tion of a
wound a bout the bottle i
nt wo .b
and s atthe s
imp
le and c
h
eap h
ydrog
en su
lf
id gene
rator
.
p
lace w here itisd e
sired tob reak t h
e bott
le.
T
his hydrogen su
lf
id ge
nerator h
as gi
ven
About aq uart
er o f an inch s hould b e le
ft v
e
ry sat
isfactory s
erv
ice t
o the au
thor. It
b
etw een the two b ands. Th e bottle should c
an al
so be u s
ed for g
enera
ting hydrog
en,
t
hen b e sl
owly r evolved with t h
e h ands, al
- c
a
rbon d i
oxid, et
c
.
l
owing a b low-pip e fl
ame t o play u pon t h
e T
he n
e
ces
sary p
ar
ts a
r
e:
e
xpo s
ed p art b e
tw een the b and s
. Wh en
1
.St
uden
t l
amp c
h
imney
.
t
h
i s p or
tion i sh eated suf i
ciently t he a p
-
p
l
ica t
ion o f ad rop o fw a
t er will ca u
se t h
e 2
. G
las
s o
r p
orc
ela
in j
a
r (
a l
a
rge f
r
uit
g
lasst obee ven
ly b roken. T he edg e
ss hould j
ar w
i
ll d
o)
.
t
hen b es moothed o n asoft g r
indston e
. T he 3
. G
las
s s
t
op c
o
ck.
b
ottom o f t
he s maller bo
ttle i sremov ed i n
t
he s ame m ann er
.
O
ne h
otes
topper
.
, --S
top
- we
ir
The s
heetlead f
o
r the b
aske
t m ay b
ep ro
-
c
ur
ed at a ny pl
umbing shop
. I t may be i
tuo
'ent t
ornp
c
hi mney
e
a
sily b
en t to t
he re
quir
ed s hap
e, le
aving
s
mall h
ol
e s i
nt h
e bo
ttom t oalow the ac
id
G
l
oss j
or .
. _45
t
oen
ter
. T
he b
a
ske
t i
ssu
spended b
ymean
s
o
f ac
l
osed p
i
ece o
f g
l
ass t
u
bing
, b
en
t t
o 3bol
erubber
c
or
iforp
iec
eof
f
o
rm ahook
, w
hich r
uns t
hrough t
he t
wo- t
eop
'

h
o
le s
t
opper
. The de
liv
ery tube f
r
om the
b
o
ttl
e may b
efi
tt
ed ei
ther w
ith agl
ass s
t
op-
c
o
ck orwi
th r
ubber t
ub
ing a
nd metalpi
nch-
c
o
ck. A
ltho n
ot a
b
solu
tely n
ec
essa
ry, a A S
i mp
le Yet Re
liab
le Hydrogen Suldd Generator
Made Fro m a Few Odd Pieces o
f :tpparatue
d to
w
ash b
o
ttle i
s ad
e
sirab
le a
dd
ition t
o t
h
e Re Found About t
he Laboratory
.
9
2 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

4
. R
ubber s
t
opp
ers
, t
h
ree h
o
le a
nd o
ne a
nd the c
ork i
n
ser
ted
. Diluted s
u
lfuric a
c
id
h
ol
e. i
sp u
t into tu
be B, f
il
l
ing i tabout two-
t
h
irds fu
ll. When tube A isin
serted i
nto
. I
5 r
on s
u
lfid (
FeS)
.
t
ube B, ala
rge v
olume of g
as i
sp r
oduced.
. Hydro
6 chlor
ic a
c
id (
HCl
).
I
f hydrog
en i
swant
ed, s
mal
l cl
ipping
s
o
f i
ron or i
r
on f
i
l
ing
s ar
e p
ut i
nto t
ub
e A,

A S
I MPLE GAS GENERATOR
. eght o
nqi
e s
e
,be
, R
ubber l
ube

F
requently s
mall q
uan t
iti
e s o
fg as ar
e de
-
s
i
red i n th
e chemica
l l aborato
ry, a nd no
c
onveni
ent and si
mple method ofg enerat
ion T
ube â
"
c
an be fo
und. Th e apparatus de
scribed is
v
ery simp
le, ye
t i tse
rves t h
e p u
rpo se ad
-
m
irably
.
0
//
cri
e
F
ir
st, procure two te
st tu
bes
, one hav
ing
ed.474
d
imens
ions a pproximate
ly /8" x 7 " long
,
t
he oth
er a pproximate
ly 'W x 1 0" long
.
I
n th
e b o
ttom o f the sma
ller t
es
t tube fi
l
e
asma
ll hole with atr
iangular f
i
le (F
ig. 1)
,
i
n
to th
is te
st tube fi
t aone
-hole r
ubbe
r stop
- P
roe»
td eMl
yy
le
ita •
t

T
u
be 0• The Gas Generator Beady Asse mbled f
or Bus
iness
.

a
nd low
ered i
n
to t
he d
i
lut
e ac
id inB
. Re-
m
oving tu
be Ast
ops t
h
e gen
erat
ion o
f g
a
s.
I
f c
arbon di
oxid isto be g
enera
ted
, fi
ll
t
ub
e Aw i
th marble c
hips a
nd tu
be B wi
th
d
i
lute h
ydroch
loric a
cid.
I
tisev
ident t
ha
t the p
arts o
fthe genera
-
t
o
r can b
e ea
si
ly c
leaned a
nd new ch
em ical
s
p
ut i
n
. Th e complet
ed appara
tus i
ss h
own
i
n F
ig. 3
.

f
A S
I MPLE K
IPP GENERATOR
.

I
n S
i mp
lic
ity Th
is L
itt
le Gas Generator I
s
T
he K
ipp g
ene
rato
r s
hown i
nth
e a
ccom-
Undoubted
ly Unr
iva
lled
. Two Test-Tubes
, a Cork
, p
any
ing d
raw
ings c
an b
e e
a
si
ly a
nd c
h
eaply
S
o me Rubber a
nd G
lass Tubing —That
's A
ll.
c
ons
tructed. T he d r
aw ing e xplains i t
s
el f
,
s
o fa
r a s con
struction i scon cerned. The
p
er
. F it stopper
, with a r i
ght angle
, con-
n
ect
ing t ube, and st
raight d e
livery tube, as t
e
st tube sh
ould b e aslarge a sp o
ssible, but
i
n Fig
. 2 , a nd in
ser
t i n s malle
r tes
t t ube
. o
ne 6
" b
y w
il
l d
o very we
ll. The b
est
The smaller tube A, isinserted int h
e tube way to cut the end o f
f t he te
st t ube ist o
B
, the fl
are o ftu
be A p revents itfrom sli
p- enc
ircle itw ith a f i
le scratch, w ind t wo
p
ing through t othe bottom o f tube B. s
t
rips of wet fi
lte
r p aper a round i t1 /16"
I
n operating: IfI-
12Si stob egenerated
, a f
r
om t
he m
ark, a
nd t
hen h
eat t
h
e t
u
b e b
e-
s
t
ick ofF eS, iron s
ulf
id i splaced intube A, tween the s
tr
ip s
, wh en itw i
ll crack cleanly.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 9
3

S
uch a
n appa
ratus, wh
ich w
il
l d e
liv
er a a
greeable o dor, i t i s es
s ential t
hat i t b
e
g
enerated att h
e t ime o fu s
ing.
s
t
ream of g
as at a
ny tim
e, i
s agreat co
n-
v
en
ience a
nd time
-save
r in a
lmos
t a ny ex
- B
elow i sd e
scribed as impl e g
enerator of
my own d e
sign , w hich, from m y e
xp e
rience
,
h
as proved ac omp l ete suc c
ess. A s will b
e
s
e
en, t he action i se s
sentially the same a s
i
nt he well
-known " K
ipp," b u
t, a
st he con
-
s
t
ruction o ft h
is d iff
e r
s s om ewhat from m y
own design, Ih av e f ound i tnece
ssa ry te
a
dd c e
rtain a dditiona l par t
s.
T
he m
ate
ria
ls n
eed
ed a
r
e:
1 Wide m
outh g
l
ass b
o
ttle G
.
-1 G
as c
y
lind
er.
1 Tub
e ( 6
" x1
" d
i
ame
ter
) m
ade f
r
om
n
arrow b ot
tle
.
1A
tom
izer b
u
lb.
3G
las
s t
a
ps, o
r p
i
nch c
o
cks
.
3Rubb
er c
o
rks t
ofi
t t
ub
e, c
y
lind
er a
nd
b
o
ttl
e.
1 Th
in o
ne
-ho
led c
o
rk (
t
o h
o
ld F
eS i
n
t
u
be).
R
ubb
er c
onne
ction
s a
nd g
l
ass t
u
bing
.
C
hem
ica
ls :—F
errous su
lf
id
.
Hydroch
lor
ic ac
id.

S-mple Kipp Gas Genera

tor
, Made f
ro m S
ect on
o
f Test Tube
, a Bent Th
istle Tube and T wo
Rubber Corks
,

p
e
rim
ente
r's l
a
bora
tory
. F
or g
ene
rat
ing
:
Hydrog
en, c
h
lor
in, c
a
rbon d
i
oxid
, o
r h
y
-
d
rog
en s
u
lfid
e, u
s
e: D
ilu
te h
ydroch
lor
ic
a
c
id (
1 :3
) i
nth
e t
h
ist
le t
ube a
nd g
ranu
-
l
a
ted z
i
nc, p
o
tas
sium p
e
rmangana
te, m
arb
le
c
h
ips o
r i
r
on s
u
lf
ide r
e
spec
tiv
ely i
nth
e t
e
st
t
u
be.

This Nove
l Hydrogen Sul t
id Gas Genera
tor Can
Be Constructed f
ro m l 'arts Found About the
A PRACT
ICAL HYDROGEN SULF
1D W orkshop .

GENERATOR FOR THE CHEM

IST
.
T
he e
s
sent
ial w
ork
ing o
fth
e g
ene
rato
r i
s
Hydrog
en s
u
lf
id i
san a
b
solu
te n
ec
ess
ity a
sfo
llow
s:
i
nev
ery l
a
bor
ato
ry w
her
e a
na
lys
is i
sca
rri
ed
When ta
p A i stu
rned ( s
ee fi
gure) the
o
ut
, b
ut
, a
sth
is g
a
s i
squ
ite p
o
isonou
s a
nd
, a
c
id ri
se
s intube B
, com
ing inc o
nta c
t wi
th
f
u
rthe
rmor
e, p
o
sse
sse
s ac
hara
cte
ris
tic
, d
i
s- t
h
e fe
rrous s
ul
fid
, th
us gene
rating hydrog
en
9
4 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

s
u
lf
id ga
s, w
hich
, p
as
sing t
h
rough t
he w
ash CHEM
ICAL WR
INKLES
.
b
o
ttle C i
spur
if
ied a
nd e
sc
apes a
t D
. T
o R
ender Wa
ter S
urfa
ce Pho
sphore
s-
U
se of t h
e B ulb
. —Th e pres
su r
e i n t
ube c
e
nt.— W
et al
ump o
flo
afsuga
r wi
th pho
s-
B requ
ired t o o
v e
rcome t h
e c ounter pre
s- p
horized e t
her, and throw i n
to a ba
sin of
s
ure ex
e r
t ed by thew ater inthew ash bot
tle w
ater ; th
es ur
fa c
e oft h
e w a
ter wil
l be
com e
i
so f
ten s t
rong e n
ough t o f
orce down t he l
uminou s, a
nd g l
ow beautifu
lly inthe da
rk.
a
c
id i nt he tube B , and thus from f u
rther
B
y g ently bl
ow ing upon i t
, pho
sphore
scent
c
ontact with the ferrous su
lf
id. T he re
sult
u
ndu lat
ions will be formed, w h
ich wi
ll il
-
i
s"no gas." U pon s q
ueezing theb u
lb, how-
l
umina t
e t h
e air ab
ove t h
e f l
u
id for acon-
e
ver
, the p res
sure i sovercome a nd th
e a c
id
s
i
derable.s p
ace
. I n wint
er t h
e w a
ter must
r
i
ses int ube B, thus forc
ing out the gas
. I
b
e blood w arm.
h
ave prov ed th
is inp ract
ise
. I ti ses
sent
ial
t
hat ab ulb having a n ai
r in
let ise mp
loyed,
T
o m el
t ac o
in in an ut s he
ll
. —M ix
o
therwise i tisuseless
.
t
hree p a
rts of dr
ied ni
ter, one o f s
ulphur,
U
se of t
he P
inch Cock "F." —
In orde
r
a
nd o ne off i
ne dry s
awdu s
t a nd pres
s into
t
h
at th
e ac
id may ri
se i
ntub
e Bi tisne
ces
- aw alnut she
ll
, also i
n
close within the sh
ell
s
a
ry toopen t
h
e pinch c
ock F t
oa dm
it ai
r
.
ap i
e c
e o f si
lver or copper
, t hen fi
ll the
s
hell with m or
e p owd
e r and s e
t fi
re to it
.
The m etal wil
l s o
on be m e
lted w h
ile the
s
hell wil
l be merely b
lackened.

T
he a lchemist
s' d ye
s. —D i
ssolve i nd
igo
i
n d
ilut ed s u
lphuric a c
id, and a dd t o it
a
n equal q uant
ity o f so
lut
ion o f ca
rbonate
o
f p
ota sh. I f ap iece of w hi
te c l
oth be
h
'er
agen
d
i
pped i nt he mixture, i
tw i
ll be c
hang ed to
f
e
vear
i
c b
l
ue; yellow c l
oth i nthe same mixture wil
l
'
oa
t „
Wat
er
b
e c
h ang ed to g re
en; r ed to purple; and
u
,
/
et/
.
; b
l
ue l i
tmu s p
aper t ored.
o
e
-he
e
Two s o
lid
s m ake a l iquid. —Rub t o
-
Deta
ils o
f Hydrogen S
ulf
ld Gas Generator
. g
e
th e
r in am o
rtar eq
ual quan t
it
ies o
fcrys-
t
a
ls of Glaubers sa
lts and n i
trat of am-
Thisisalso n
ece
ssary, w h
en s hu
tting o
ff t
he
m
onia, at
rd th
e two w i
ll slowly become a
g
enerator
, i n order t o e x
pel a i
r
, b u
t i t
l
i
quid.
s
hould be k e
pt closed w hen t he ac
id has
r
eached " l
ow le
vel," t oprevent ri
se i
nc a
se
o
f leakage or l
es
sening o f pre
ssure, d
ue to MAK ING A SOL ID FROM TWO L IQUIDS.
t
heh ydrogen su
lf
id d i
sso
lving int he a
c
id. Mak e u
p at r
ansparent so
lu t
ion of z
inc
Any a m
ateur c h
em i
s t may set u
p thi
s ap- s
u
lpha
te. F
il
l ag la
ss ha
lf fu
ll of z
inc
p
ara
tu s without m u
ch e xp
ense a nd I a m s
u
lpha
te s o
lut
ion and ano
ther ha
lf gl
ass
c
onf
ident that
, ifconstructed upon th
isp l
an, f
u
ll o
f s t
rong ammonia
. P our th
em t o
-
i
twill giv
e n o tr
ouble a nd the re
sult isan g
e
ther a
nd i
f t
h
e p
r
opo
rtion b
e p
r
ope
rly
o
dorle
ss a nd c onvenient g en
erator w hich c
a
lculat
ed the two l
i
quids wi
ll f
o
rm as o
l
id
mak
es af ine lo
oking p i
ece of appara
tus for s
o apparent
ly d r
y that o
n i n
vert
ing the
a
ny laboratory
. g
l
ass con
taining itn
o
t ad rop w
il
l fal
l o
ut.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERI MENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 9
S

TO MAKE SOL
IDS FROM L
IQU
IDS
. u
se
, not o
nly t
opr
ev ent f
um es e
s
cap
ing in
to
The s
pe
ctac
le of c
hang
ing l
iqu
ids into t
he ai
r (in t
he ca
se o f ni
tr
ic and h
ydro-
c
h
loric a
c
ids) b
ut a
lso topr
eserve t
h
e l
i
quids
s
o
lids i
satonc
e b
oth b
eaut
ifu
l a
nd mys
tify-
f
r
om d us
t and de
te r
iora
tion.
i
ng
.
Pour a conc
ent rated solut
ion of w ater
g
la
ss (sodium si
l
icate) i n
to ag l
ass a
nd a dd
I
NTERESTING EXPER IMENTS FOR THE
e
nough hydroch
loric a c
id tom ake th
e solu-
AMATEUR CHEM IST
.
t
i
on a c
id. The s o
lution w i
ll turn in
to a
s
o
lid re
semb l
ing an o pal and ifthe di
sh is The f
o
llowing e
xper
iment
s c
an b
e p
er
-
i
nve
rted, wi
ll n
ot f a
ll out
. f
o
rm ed w
ith h
ous
e ho
ld c
h
emica
ls:

Di
ssolve alump o
f alum in wa
ter a nd I
fy ou po
ssess ab
attery gi
ving fr
om 4 to
a
dd enough a
mmonia wa
ter s
otha
t thesolu- 2
0 vo
l t
s you can p
er
form t he fo
llowing ex
-
t
i
on s mel
ls s
t
rong
ly o
f it
. Shake the mix- p
er
im ent, which i
sparticu
larly inte
res
ting
o
n ac
coun t o
f the v
ar
iation of r
esul
ts, w
ith
t
ureand itw
il
l tu
rn i
nto at
h
ick t
ranspa
ren t
a
ppar
en tly t
he same condi
tions:
j
e
lly
.
I
mm e
rse two pi
eces of b
rass in ast
rong
s
o
lu t
ion o f c
ommon s al
t o r sa
l-ammon iac
HO W TO MAKE A VOLCANO
. a
nd w at
er. C onnect o
ne pie
ce t oth
e p os
i-
t
i
v e wire and the oth
er t o th
e negative,
T
ake abow
l or c
ro
ck abou
t 6i n
che
s i n
t
aking care tha
t the bras
s p i
eces do n ot
d
i
am et
er a
nd f
i
ll i
tup w
ith ear
th, s
o th
at
t
ouch ea
ch other
.
i
tres
emble
s aminia
ture mounta
in. Make
aho
le a
bout o
fa n i
nch i
nd i
amet
er a
nd A
fter t he cur rent h as p as
s ed f or o ne or
two m inu t
es t he s o
lu t
ion w ill becom e c ol
-
6in
ches d
eep f
o
r the c
rat
er.
o
red, a nd i fthe p rocess i scon t
inued a c ol
-
F
i
ll u p t h
is crater w ith am ixture o f po- o
red p igmen t w ill b e p recipitated . The
t
ass
ium c hloride 3 p arts, s ulphur 1 p art, c
olor o f the pre c
ipitan t va r
ie s con s
ide rably
c
harcoal 1p art
, w ax 2 p a
rt s a nd s ugar 2 and m ay b e ei
ther r e
d, p urple, gre en, blue,
p
arts
. N ow l ight t h
em ix tur e int he crate. o
r rang e a nd p ossibly o thers, d epend ing o n
The resultw i l
l b e ad ense s mok e
, fire com - t
he strength o f t he current a nd t he c ompo -
i
ng from t he crater w ith l ava p ouring d own si
tion o f the b r
a ss.
i
t
s s i
des. T
he G rand R apids c an be m ade a s fo
l-
l
ows: F il
l at umb ler o r t est t ube w ith
wate
r, t hrow u pon i t
s surfac e af ew f rag-
ACC IDENTS WITH AC IDS. m
en ts o r t h
in s having s of c amphor g um
Wh en s trong m ine ral a c
id s ( n
itric, su- a
l nd t hey w il
l i nstantly b egin t o m ov e and
p
huric, and h ydroch loric a c
id s) a re used f o
r a
cquire a mot
i on b
oth pr
o gressive a
nd ro
-
e
xperim ental p urpo se
s i ti s ag ood p lan t o t
a
r y
, wh
i ch w
ill c
ont
in ue fo
r a c
onside rable
p
er
iod o f time. I f the w ater b e t ouched
k
eep som e w ashing s oda h andy i n case of
b
y a ny g reasy s u b
stance t he f l
oating p ar-
a
cc
iden t
. I fa c
id i ss p
illed o n t he f l
oor or
t
i
cles w ill r e
v e
r se t heir c ou rse a nd d art
t
ab
le, al it
tle s oda s hould b e sprinkled o ver back a nd, a s ifb y as troke o f m agic, b e
i
tato nc e
, a nd a fterwa rds r emov ed w ith a in
stan t
ly d eprived o f t he
ir m otion a nd
w
et r ag
. A noth er u seful d odg e ist ok eep vi
vacity.
asaucer o n t h
e t a
ble i n w hi ch t he g la
ss AR iva l toJ a
ck F rost isp roduc ed b y dis-
s
t
opp er
s o fa cid b ott
les c an b e placed w hen so
lving c amphor g um i nw arm s p
irits u nt
i l
r
emoved . O f c ourse
, t he s topp ers s hould th
e s p
irits will dissolve n o m ore ;p our s ome
b
e put back i nt he bottle s imm ediately a f
ter of the s olut
ion i n
to a c old t e
st t ub e o r
9
6 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

t
umbler and th
e c amphor wi
ll i
ns
tant
ly The radio-active r a
ys w hich are ap rop erty
c
r
ysta
llize i
nbe
auti
ful forms l
i
ke t
r
ees a
nd o
f the rare m etal, T ho rium , as ma ll q uan-
l
a
ndscapes
. t
i
ty o fw hich i sco n
tained i nt h
ese m an te
ls,
h
ad p a
ssed t h
rough t he c ardboard a nd a f
-
This n ext e x perim ent s o und s a s i f it
f
e
cted t he sensit
ized p ap er.
w
er e " bigg er," b ut i tisn ot. D issolv e 150
p
arts o f h ypo sulph ite o f s oda i n 1 5 p a
rts
o
fw a
t er a nd p ou r t he s
olu tion s l
ow ly i n
to
at e
st t ube o r t umb ler w hich h as b een
H
INTS ON LABORATORY APPARATUS .
h
eated i nb oiling w at er; fi
ll t he s ame a bout
o
ne-ha lf f u
ll. D issolv eina no th er glass 100 To m ost e xperimen t ers c hem istry u n-
p
arts o f a cetate o fs oda in 1 5 pa rts ofb oi
l- doubtedly p rov e
s am ost i nter
esting s tudy.
i
ng w at er
. P our t his solu tion s l
ow ly o n H ow ever t he c h
ief f aul t lie
s i n t he f act
t
he t op o f t h
e f i
rst i n such aw ay t ha
t i t t
hat th
ings m es
s u p s oe asi
ly. T h e follow -
f
orm s a n u ppe r l ayer, wi thou t m ixing t he ing isi n
tended t o o ver come t h
is d ificulty.
s
o
lu tion s. Th e t wo s o
lution s a re t h
en c ov- F
irst of a l t h
e l abo ra tory shou ld b e a r
-
e
r
ed o ver w i th at hin l a
yer o fb oiling w ater ranged t h
at t he one w ho u ses th
e r o
om m ay
a
nd a low ed t o c oo
l. L ow e r i nto t he te
st be able to f i
nd e veryth ing h e w an t
s.
t
ube a w ire, a t t he e xtr
em ity o f which i s
A g ros
s o f e mpty w ooden b oxes, 1 2
f
i
xed a s mall c rystal o f h ypo sulphi te of
i
n
ch es x 8i n
ch e
s x4i nches, wil
l b e found
s
oda. Th e c rysta l traverses t h
e s olution of
c
onvenient f or keeping d ry r e
agen ts i n
.
a
cetate w ithou t c ausing t roub le, b ut c ry
s-
t
a
llization w ill i mm ediately s e
t i n ass oon Labe
l s should b e used f ree
ly, a nd a l u n-
l
a
belled b ottles w ashed o ut
. P ap e
r l a
bels
a
si tt o uches t he l ow er hypo su lph ite o fsoda
o
n bott
l es m ay be p rotec ted b y ac o
ating o f
s
o
lu tion . Wh en t he hypo su lphi te o f soda
p
araff
in w ax, v arnish o r s he
llac
. B u
t m ost
s
o
lu tion b ecom es c rystal
liz ed, l ow er in the bott
les s h
ou ld h ave s om e l a
bel i n the s ub-
u
pp er s o
lution a c rystal o f a cetat e of soda st
anc e oft h
e g la
ss. T h ese are m ad e int wo
s
u
spended b y a noth er w ire a nd t h
i s w i
ll forms. E nam e
led l abels a r
e m el
t ed o n t he
c
rystallize t he s am e a s t he o t
h er s o
lu t
ion. glas
s. T hey l as
t w e
ll, b ut w h
ite e nam el is
n
ot alway s d i
st
in ct w hen w hite c
rystal
s a r
e
i
n the b ottle
. S and-blas
t l abe
ls are m ade
RADIO-ACT IVITY FROM GAS MANTLES .
b
y rough en ing t h
e s ur
face o fthe gla
ss with
aje
to fs a nd driven b y ab l
asto fai
r. T hey
Here is a n i n
ter e
sting e xp
erim ent o n
a
r
e a pt t o b e i nd
ist
inc t w hen w e
t, i fnot
Rad
io-ac
tivity. Io btained s ome We l
sbach
m
ade w i th a r eal
ly r ough s ur
face
. T hey
g
as m ant
les, p owd ered t h
em a nd p lac
ed
c
an be m ade m ore dis
tinct by rubbing over
t
he same in ac ardboa rd b ox. It hen put a
w
ith c rayon o r c halk. S and b last labe
ls
k
ey in the p owd er a nd c overed i twith a
c
o
st o nly a bout h alf a s m uch as e nam e
l
p
i
ece of cardboard , o n top o fw hich Il a
id
l
a
b e
ls.
ap i
ece of s e
nsitized p ho tographic p aper
w
ith t h
e s e
nsit
ized s u
rfa ce down . T he Retort s t
ands s h
ould b e f i
rm a nd sub-
a
bove operations w ere a l d one in ad rk s
a t
an t
ial
. T he s l
iding c o
llars for the ri
ngs
r
oom l i
ghted o nly b y ar uby lamp . T he s
hould b es l
ot
ted a tt he si
des, soast om ove
b
ox w as then c ov e
red a nd l e
ft in ad rk e
a a
sily; a nd a g ood c l
amp s hould be chosen
r
oom f o
r o ne w eek. A t t h
e e nd of this w
ith w ell-made s c
rew t hreads.
p
er
iod I f o
und that u
pon dev
elop
ing th
e De
flagrat
ing s
p
oon
s can be c
l
eaned b
y
p
hotographic pape
r th
at th
ere was a
n in
- h
old
ing t h
e cu
p i
nthe B
uns
en fl
ame f
or a
d
i
stinc
t i mpres
sion o
f t
he k
ey on t
he s
ame
. f
ew seconds
.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Chem
ica
l). 9
7

Bunsen b urners occa

sionally get blocked A few w ord s o f cau
tion concerning the
b
y some m ol
t en subs
tanc e fa
l l
ing into the c
are ofreagen t bottle
s are i
np lac
e h e
re. A
i
n
ner t ube
. T hey may be cl
eaned b y w a
sh- g
ood reagent b ot
t l
e m ust have its st
opper
g
round tof i
ti t,a nd th
is st
opper will no
t fi
t
i
n
g w ith w a
ter. A
fter w ash
ing b l
ow a
ny o t
her b ottle y ou m ay h av
e. C on s
e-
t
h
rough t he burner to remov e any drop of q
uently the stopp ers sh
ould never be inte
r-
w
ater w h
ich m ay cl
og t he e x
it
. T he r e
- c
hanged. A gain, t he st
oppers o f al r e
-
v
o
lving t ube o r ring should b e fr
equ en
tly a
gent b o
t t
les, e xcept
ing s u
lphu r
ic a c
id,
t
u
rned , soa st ok e
ep iti nor der; o
therwise s
hould be paraffined, ot
herwise they are a
pt
t
os t
ick
.
t
h
ey g et j amm ed a nd i ti si mpos
sible to
c
hange q uickly f r
om a y el
low t o ab lue Do not la
y d own t h
e cork o
f ar eagen
t
b
o
ttle w h
ile pouring out aso
lution
, a sthe
f
l
ame .
s
t
opp er
s m ay become c h
anged. A gain, n
o
B
alancess h
ould t u
rn w i
th m uch les
s than s
o
lution but the o ne c
orre
sponding to the
ac entig
ram . B alances w i
th s t
e e
l k nife
- n
ame o n t
he bot
tle shou
ld ever be p
l
aced in
t
h
e b ot
tle
.
e
dges, ifp r
otected from t he ai
r of the lab
-
o
ratory, will remain s e
rviceable for years
. A
nother i mportant it
em i sth
a t e
a
ch b o
t-
t
l
e sha
ll hav e i t
s own p ar
ticu
lar place on
Those w ith a g
a t
e e dges s e
t i n st
eel a r
e
t
h
e s h
elf
, a nd a lways be put in it
s pl
ace;
more d urable, b ut a re m ore e xpensive
. t
hu
s the ama teur chemis
t will know exac
tly
Weigh ts le
ss t
han ac e
ntigram a r
e n e
edless
, w
here tofind t he prop
er r e
agent, j
ust asa
a
nd c ausetrouble tobeginners
. Mo re exac
t p
r
inter know s w here to fi
nd the le
tter
s in
we
igh ing can alway s be done b y w a
tching h
i
s case
, by p r
earrangem ent
.
t
he p o
inter, ifthe weights are accurate
.

Manag ement o f m ercury. Me rcury i s

USEFUL LABORATORY I NFORMAT ION .
d
if
icul
t t om anag e, on accoun t ofi t
sw eight
a
nd th
e e a
se with w hich i tpicks up impuri - Rain w ater m ay b e u sed a s d i
st
illed
w
ate r, providing i tisclean.
t
i
es
. Stone-wa re m ortars are b e
tter forh o
ld -
Bak ing soda i sso d
ium b icarbonate.
i
ng m ercury t han g la
ss b eakers
, w hich
e
as
ily c r
ack w hen s e
t d own . A ll o pe
ra - Vi negar c
ontains di
lute a
ce
tic a
c
i d
.
t
i
ons w ith m er cury s h
ou ld b e c onducted Comm o n t
able s
a
lt i
s s
od
i um c
h
l orid.
o
ver a t r
ay o r o n at able w ith a g roove R ust f
rom a n
ail o
r o
t
he r i
r
o n i
s f
e
rric
a
round t h
e edg e
. o
x
i d.
T ea contains tannic ac
id .
Dust on the s urface o f me rcury m ay b e B
lackboa rd c halk i sc a
lcium c arbonate.
r
emoved b y a low ing t h
e m ercury t o run E
p som s al
ts ism agn esium s u
lpha te
.
t
hrough a d ry f i
l
ter p aper i n w h
ich a f ew
S
ug ar of l e
ad i slead a c
etat.
p
in ho
l e
s have b een m ade. O r the mercury
Aqua f ort
is isn i
t r
ic a c
id.
may be w a
shed i n ac urren t of w a
ter, and
t
hen p as
sed t hrough a s eparating f unnel. Aq ua-r
egia i
s a m
ixture o
f n i
tric a nd
h
ydro ch
loric a c
ids
.
The lit
tle m o
istu re o n the s u
rface m ay b e
S
al a mmon iac i sa mmon ium c hlorid.
r
emov ed with ab lotting p aper. Many m et-
a
ls ea
sily dis
solve i n mercury; a nd a v ery S
al s o
da i ss od
ium c arbonate.
l
i
t
tle ti
n o
rz inc w
ill s
po
il it
s f
lu
idity
. They "Hypo" i
sso
dium t
h
isu
lfa
te.
a
r
e best r
emoved by s
haking th
e me r
cury i
n D
ena
tured a
l
coho
l isp
rincipa
lly a m
ix
t-
abo
ttle w
ith alit
tle n
it
ric ac
id; the t
in o
r t
u
re of w
ood a
nd gra
in al
cohol
.
z
i
nc w i
ll t
hen d
is
solve
, leav
ing the mer
cury A p
o
rce
lain m or
tar o
r p
e
stle m
ake
s a
n
p
ure
. e
x
cel
len
t whet
-stone.
9
8 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Aqua a mmonia i sammon ium hydroxid

. t
e
rm ed a
nd so
ld, i
.e.
, "
hydrogen s
ulphate
,"
"Lye" orc aust
ic soda issod
ium h yd
roxid
. "
hydric s
u
lphate
," "o
il of v
it
rio
l," etc
.
Quickl
im e isc a
lcium o xid ;sl
acked lim
e I
t i
s at h
ick
, heavy
, oi
ly, s
our a
nd cor
-
i
scalcium h ydroxid. r
o
sive l
iqu
id, and init
s pu
re st
ate i
swi
th-
German s i
lver c o
n ta
ins n o si
lver
. o
ut o
dor or co
lor
. I tboi
ls at 38 d
egree
s
F
r esh
ly p repared f er
ric hydroxid isa n a
nd fr
eezes at a
bout z
ero
.
a
nt
ido te for a r
senic p o
isoning.
The fact has been rep
eatedly ilus
trated
The glue on postage stamps isdext
rin
. i
ne xper
im ents a
lready performed that su
l-
Qua r
tz iss i
l
icon d i
oxid. p
hu r
ic ac
id h as av ery st
rong tendency to
The r
uby
, sapph
ire a
nd ot
her g
ems a
r
e a
bsorb w a
ter and f o
rm c ompounds with it
,
c
omposed m
ain
ly of a
luminum o
xid
. t
hereby caus
ing great heat tobe formed in
B
orax i
sso
dium b
ora
t. t
h
i s ac
tion, and a t
tent
ion i sca
lled to the
S
a
lt-p
etr
e i
spo
tas
sium n
i
tra
t. n
ecess
ity for cau
tion i n mix
ing t h
e liqu
id.
C
opp
era
s i
sfe
rrou
s (
i
ron) s
u
lpha
te. AL WAYS POUR s u
lphu r
ic a c
id I N
B
lue
-stone i
sco
pper s
u
lpha
te. SMALL QUANT IT IES I NTO t he
Hyd
rochlo
ric ac
id and ammon
ium h y
- w
ater w hil
e s t
ir
ring t he s ame V IGOR -
d
rox
id are so
lut
ions o
f aga
s in wa
ter
. OUSLY . Iti sa
lso wel
l t ow ork with such
Oxyg
en is made b
y h
eat
ing p
o
tas
sium c
hemical
s ass u
lphuric acid, ni
tric ac
id, hy-
c
h
lorat wi
th m
anganes
e d
i
oxid. d
rochlor
ic acid
, e t
c.
, w he re ad r
augh t of
a
i
r ca n b
e crea
ted top revent t h
e poisonous
C
arbon diox
id is p
r
epa
red by t
r
eat
ing
m
arble c
hip
s with s
t
rong a
cid
. f
um e
s f r
om b e
ing i nha
led i nto the l ungs
.
Hydrog
en isprepar
ed b
y t
r
eat
ing z
i
nc
w
ith st
rong a
c
id.
USEFUL CHEM
ICAL H
INTS FOR
Chlo r
in i se a
sily prepared by heat
ing a
AMATEURS
.
m
ixtu re ofh ydrochloric ac
id and manganes
e
d
i
oxid. I
n m
any c
hem
ica
l e
xpe
rim
ent
s ar
i
ng-
Su
lfur d ioxid ism ade byb urn
ing su
lphur
i
n ai
r.
Nitrog en m ay b e p repared by heat
ing
ammon ium n i
tri
t.
Pur e si
lver m ay be prepa r
ed by tr
eat
ing
s
i
lver n itrat with copper.
The s i
l v
er isd epos
ited as agray powder,
a
nd m ay be col
lected by f u
sing in
to aso
lid.

THE PROPER USE OF SULPHUR

IC AC
ID.
Severa
l Useful Wr ink
les for the Young Che mist
Th
is ar
tic
le i swr
itten f
or th
e ben e
fit of Are Here Suggested. The Stands Shown Can A ll
a
mateur e
lect
rical a
nd wire
les
s expe r
im ent- Be Made of a Piece of Wire
, Properly Bent
.
e
r
s asw e
ll ast ho
se in
ter
est
ed inch emistry,
n
ot fam
il
ia r with the d
anger
s w hich m ay s
t
and i sneeded, but asthese a
re somewha t
a
r
ise ifs
ulphuric ac
id isno
t prope
r ly used. e
xp ens
ive as ub
sti
tu te w
ill bewelcom e
. The
s
tand i sm ade of t wo ri
ngs of heavy iron
S
ulphuric ac
id i
schief
ly used i n e
lec
tri-
c
a
l e xp
eriments i
nthe cons
truction of el
ec- o
r c
opper w
ire
, o
n e la
rger t
h
a n t
he o
t
he r
,
t
r
ical bat
ter
ies
. I t i
sc ommon ly and com- with t hree supporting le
gs. The e nds of
m
ercial
ly known a s "
sulphur
ic a cid
," b ut t
hese a r
e b ent around the rings at equal
t
h
e r
e a re ot
her names under w h
ich i tis d
istances
. The s t
and s h
ould b e covered
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPER
I MENTS (Chem
ica
l). 9
9

w
ith ad ouble th
icknes
s ofs c
reen-wire u
pon s
t
ore
. B ind one o
f th
e pol
es on the back
wh
ich the ves
sel tobe hea
ted isplaced
. The o
f t
he rec
eiv
er whe
re the s
crew th
at holds
s
t
and s hould b e of the proper height in t
h
e b obb
in pro
trude
s ( s
ome li
tt
le e x
pe r
i-
r
e
lation t o the heater (lamp o r B uns
en m
enta
tion wi
ll h
ave t
o be d
one to d
e
ter-
b
urner). Th is st
and isilustra
ted i n F
ig.
m
ine th
e r
ight p
o
le), a
nd t
he s
igna
ls wi
ll
1
. Af unnel stand isshown i nFig. 2and
b
e f
ound t
o have b
een in
crea
sed to t
hree
ate
s t
-tube stand a t F
ig. 3.
a
nd f
our t
ime
s th
eir p
rev
ious st
reng
th.
A n in
exper
ienced vi
sitor to your labora-
t
ory will be m y
stif
ied a nd hi
s a dmirat
ion N
ever t
r
y t
o t
a
p y
our l
o
cal t
e
lephone
i
ncreas
ed w h
en y ou u nconcernedly dip a l
i
ne. T he company d i
sl
ikes i
t; i
n fac
t, so
p
i
e c
e o fcopper in
to aliquid in abott
le a nd v
io
lently tha
t t h
ey m ay have you ar
rested
b
r
ing i to u
t coated wi
th w ha
t s e
ems t o be o
n as e
rious charge
. Many a n innocent
s
i
lver. The l i
quid isp r
epared b y di
ssolv- e
xper
im enter h
as g o
tten himse
lf in
to a l o
t
i
ng ad rop of m er
cury i n al i
t
tle n i
tric o
f tr
ouble do
ing t h
is
.
a
c
id. N
ever try to m ake h ydrogen g as with-
If some p aper t h
at h a
s b een s oaked i n o
ut s
ome k
now ledge o
f s
a
fety a
pp
liances
s
t
a r
ch s o
lution a nd dri ed isdr opped i n
to a t
o b
e u
sed o
n t
he a
pparatus. I
t i
s about
a
s q u
ick a w ay t o p u
t y our e ye
s o u
t a s
m
ixture o fs u
lfuric acid and p otass
ium p er
-
t
h
e re is
.
m
ang ana t
e, i twill fl
a sh several t ime
s a nd
t
hrow av ery li
gh t b
la ck re
sidu e for severa
l I
fyou ar
e using storage batter
ies iny our
i
n
ch es
. Th is experim en t l
ooks lik
e am inia
- w
ireless s
et
, a
n d t
h
ey f
ai
l t
o g
ive p
roper
v
oltage
, or get t oo h ot
, d on't try to f i
x
t
ure volcano.
t
hem y ours
elf
, a s they c an be v ery ea
sily
I
nv
isible i n
k m ay b e m ade b y d i
lu t
ing ru
in ed. A g arage m an c an
't fix in ad ay
o
ne p art s u
lfuric acid w ith t wenty p ars w
t hat you can "unfix" i n 10 m inutes
.
w
ate
r. This i
n
k i
svi
s
ibl
e o
n
ly w
hen h
eat
-
Don
't li
ght m a
tche s a
round st
orage ba
t-
e
d v
ery h
ot
. t
e
rie
s to see ifthey are w o
rking p
rope
rly.
When operat
ing t hey li
bera
te a g
as which
i
sat times very explos
ive. U se apocket
SOME USEFUL WR
INKLES FOR THE
f
l
ash
light
.
EXPER
IMENTER
.
I
fyou a r
e d i
stu
rbed by al
ternat
ing cur
-
Tu
rpent
ine m
ake
s avery g
ood lubr
ican
t
r
en
t s in
terf
ering w ith your wirele
ss re
-
f
o
r ad r
il
l when b
or
ing th
in g
la
ss. c
e
iving se
t turn your ae
rial i
n another d
i
-
Ali
bera
l coa
ting o
f p
araf
f
ine o
n th
e o
ut- r
e
ction
. I tm ay he
lp.
s
i
de of bat
tery ja
rs ke
eps th
e ac
id fr
om I
fy ou c an get y
our wireless i
ns
trumen ts
c
l
imbing
. s
i
lver p l
ated, d o s
o by al
l m ean
s, as s
ilver
i
s amu ch b e
tter co
nductor than ni
ckel
, and
I
t ishop
eless t
o tr
y to r e
store dry ce
ll
s
h
igh frequ ency curren
ts s u
ch a s ar
e u s
ed
t
o the
ir former st
rength, b ut aft
er t h
ey
i
n wir
el ess w ork tr
avel almost en
tir
ely o n
h
ave lo
st mos
t of t
he
ir voltage they can be t
he su
r face of s w
itche
s.
p
art
ial
ly re
stored b
y dril
ling a n umb er of
I
f you a r
e i n
tending t o buy any i n
stru-
h
o
les ar
ound t
h
e bas
e o
f t
h
e ba
ttery a
nd
ment a nd d on'
t k now t he s i
ze, r ange,
s
o
aking in as
o
lut
ion o
f s
a
lt wa
ter.
a
dap tabi
lity toyour requ
iremen ts
, etc.
, don't
Avery good way toi
nten
sify weak r
adio b
e a fra
id toa sk th
e m anufacture
r a bout the
o
r te
lephone s i
gnal
s when u sing on
ly a instrum ent. E ven ifh e do
e s h
av e ac a
ta-
s
i
ngle po
le w a
tch ca
se r
e
ceiver istop
rocure l
ogue , he w
ill be gl
ad t ogive y
ou a ny addi-
ala
rge m agne
t from s
ome elec
tric
al s
upply t
i
ona l i n
formation you d e
sir
e.
1
00 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Wh en e
xper
iment
ing with 10-vo
lt cur
- a
nd t h
en c otton are the m ost s uccessful a s
r
en
t a lway
s have apair o
f 10 amp
. fus
es t
he sur
face t ob e coa
ted w i th c rystals m ust
i
n ci
rcu;
t. I twi
ll st
op a l
o
t of py
rot
ech- b
e somewha t r ough. T ak e t wic e a s m uch
n
i
cs ifsometh
ing go
es wrong
. w
a t
er a s w ill be s uf
ici en t t o c over t he
Don't paint the s t
and t ha
t y ou intend to basket
, b o
il i ti n as auc epan a nd a dd a s
m
oun t your i n
strum en ts o n
. P araff
ine i s much alum a s wil
l d i
sso lv e i n t he w a
t er.
b
e
tte r; itd oesn't alow s om uch c urrent to A q uart o f w ater will r e qui
re a bout 1 8
l
e
ak t h
rough . o
unces of alum . S tra
in t h
i s through m us-
l
i
n o r bl
otting p aper into a l arge j a
r a nd
CHEM ICAL LANDSCAPES . h
ang the bask et i
nt he boiling l iquid. S t
and
Th ese are drawn p artly inI ndia i nk and the jar on o ne s i
de to c oo l a nd k eep f ree
p
artly i n sympa thetic i nk
s, w hich a re only from d u
st. I n af ew hour s t he b asket w ill
v
i
sible w hen g ently h ea ted. Th e p i
cture be comp l
etely c overed w i th w hite c rys
ta ls
r
e
p resents o rdinarily a w inter s c
en e, but of alum. S hould i tbe de sir ed t oc olor t he
w
h en h ea
t ed thes k
yb ecom esblue,t hel e
aves cryst
als
, a dd t he requi
site d ye
- stuff t o t he
g
r
e en a nd f l
ow ers and f ruit are seen. The
a
lum s o
lution b efore st
ra in ing i t
. A f ew
m
at erial
s a re asf o
llow s : G reen, c h
lorid of
d
rops of cheap d yes wil
l s e
rv e t he p urpo se
n
i
ck el; bl ue
, p ure c h
lorid o f ac e
tate o f co
-
w
ell.
b
a
l t; brown , b romid o fc o pper
. I ft he pic
-
t
ure i stoo h ighly h ea
t ed i tw i
l l not again
f
a
de. HO W TO MAKE A CHEM
ICAL GARDEN
.
P
la c e aq uan t
ity o f s and i n aw ide
mou th ed b ot t
le o r f i
sh a qua rium t o ad epth
MAK
ING A CRYSTAL BASKET
.
o
f a bou t t hree i nche s
. S ligh tly i mbed a
Water wi
ll
, e s
pecial
ly w hen bo
il
ing , di
s- f
ew p iec es o fc opp er s ulfat e
, a lum inum s ul
-
s
o
lve la
rge quantit
ies ofv ar
ious su
bstances, f
a
t e, i r
on s u
lfat e, c hrom e a lum , l ead a ce
-
wh
ich
, w hen the water has co
oled
, a re le
ft t
a
t e, c alcium c hlorid , m agne sium a nd m an-
b
eh
ind int h
e f o
rm o f mos
t beaut
iful c r
ys- g
ane se s u
lfate s
, i n t he l ayer o f s and ( al
l
t
a
ls
, the s
hapes ofw hich may vary with the
t
hese c hem icals c a n b e p ur cha sed a t any
s
ub
stance employed
. O ne may ta
ke a dvan- d
rug s tore) . Mak e as olu tion o f w a
ter
t
age o f t h
is fact t o m ake very h and som e g
lass ( sodium s i
licat e) o ne p a rt w a
t er gla
ss
o
rnam ents
. I t isa l
so k nown t hat boil
ing a
nd t hree p arts w ater
, p our t h
is s o
lution
wa
ter w i
ll take u p am uch l a
rg e
r q uantity c
arefu lly o ver t he s and a nd c hem icals
. I n
o
f alum t han cold w a
te r
. I f w e dissolve a
bou t aw e ek a d ens e g row th o f t h
e s i
l
i-
a
sm uch a lum a sp os
sible int he f o
rm er, as c
a
t es o f t he v ariou s b ase s w il l b e s e
en, in
t
he l i
quid c ool
s, c ry
stals o f alum w i
l l be v
ariou s c o
lo rs a nd f antastic s hape s
. N ow
d
eposited o n any o b
ject p l
aced i nt h
e f l
uid. d
i
sp la ce t hes o
lu tion o ft he w ate r glassw ith
Ap i
e ce o f c
oke o r c
inde r alow ed tos t
and c
l
ea r w ater, b y c o nveying a s mall s t
ream
i
n ab oi
ling s o
lution of a lum, w il
l b ecome o
f w ate r t hrough as mall r u bb er t ube i n
to
c
oated w ith n um erous g l
istening c r
y s
tals t
he v ess el
, w h
ich w ill g radua lly d i
splace
a
s the l iquid cools
. I tw i
ll h ave t h
e a p- t
he s olu tion o fw ate r g l
a s
s. C are m ust be
p
earanc e o f anaturally f o
rm ed m ineralogi- t
aken n ot t od isa rrang e o r b r eak d own t he
c
a
l s pecim en. g
row th w ith t he s tream o f w ater. O ther
O
rnamental b
a
skets
, e
tc
., may be f
o
rm ed s
u
l fat es s uch a s c hrom ium , n ickel, c obalt
,
i
nth
is way by c
ove
ring t
he wire o
r w
il
low e
t
c., m ay a l
so b e u sed. Wh en s uc c
essful
b
a
skets
. T he b
asket
s cover
ed w i
th wire t
h
is p roduc es av ery b eau t
i ful s c
en e.
 LABORATORY H
INTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 1
01

/ METALL
IC TREES
. Many o
ther sa
lt
s wil
l g
ive s
im
ilar r
e
sul
ts
To Make a S
i
lver T
ree
. b
ut th
e va
r iou
s s u
lfa
tes a
ppear to b
e t
he
b
e
st.
D
is
solve two t
en cent pi
ece
s i n 2f
lu
id
d
rams (abou
t ade
ssert
spoonful o
r two t
ea
- S
hor
tly a f
ter the cry
stal
s a re pl
aced in
s
p
oonfuls
) o f c
oncentra
ted n i
tr
ic acid
, t
h
e so
lution, th
ey wil
l begin togrow inf a
n-
e
vapo rat
ing n early to d r
yn ess to d r
ive o f t
a
st
ic shapes
, each oft h
e sa
lts giv
ing ad i
f-
f
e
rent grow th of diferent color
. T hese
e
xcess o f ac
id ( evaporate by h olding s o
lu-
g
r
ow th
s l o
ok som u
ch l i
ke unders
ea fo
liage
t
i
on o v
er af l
am e
). C ool
, a nd d i
ssolve the
t
h
at th
ey hav eoft
en been ca
lled "Submarine
r
e
su l
ting c rys
tal l
ine s a
lts in s ufic
ient d i
s- G
ardens
."
t
i
lled w a
t er t o m ake as aturated s o
lu t
ion.
The r a
te o f g row th d epends o n t he
This s o
lution w i
ll be s l
ightly b l
u e on a c
-
s
t
rength of t h
e si
licate so
lu t
ion ast he c r
ys-
c
ount o f t h
e c opp er which i saloy ed w ith t
a
ls are due t o af ormation o f the si
licate
c
o
in s i
lver. P lace the s o
lution i n ag la
ss o
ft h
e sa
lt used. As o
lution oft he st
rength
v
esse
l h aving ac urved bottom . A dd ad rop m
entioned abov e al
lows t he c
rysta
lst og row
o
f m ercury t he s i
ze of al a
rge p ea and s e
t i
n am ore even m anner a t arate w h
ich c an
a
s
ide f or ad ay
. Al a
rge g r
ow th ofm ercury b
e w a
tched. T h
e g row ths, how ever
, w ill
a
nd s i
lver a malgam w i
ll bep r
odu ced w hich n
ot keep unless the solution i svery w eak,
may bek ept ind ef
inite
ly. a
nd then they g r
ow t oo slowly.

í T
o Make a L
ead T
ree
.
Plac e in at al
l j a
r ( a quart p re
serving
b
ott
le w i
ll a nswer the purpose) as o
lution SOME I
NTEREST
ING CHEM
ICAL
made b y d i
sso
lving 4 ounces ofl ead ace
tate EXPER
IMENTS
.
i
n o ne q uart of w ater
. P lace t h
e b ott
le
where i tw ill not be s ub
ject to v ibra
tion P
rocur e at ad rug s t
ore, or el
sewhere,
a
nd s uspend i nitas t
rip orcyl
ind er ofz i
nc; s
ome p henolphthalein. D is
solve as m uch
b
att
e ry z inc wil
l a n
sw er the purpose v ery o
f th
is asp oss
ible i none flu
id oz. of g
ra
in
w
ell
. A n a bundant g r
ow th of c r
ystal
line a
l
cohol ( C 2I
-
150H) . A dd w at
er t o th
is
s
pang l
e s will co
llec
t o n th
e zinc w i
thin ten u
nt
il ap ermanen t milk
in es
s i sob
served in
d
ays
. t
he s
olution. N ow a dd m ore al
cohol un
til
, To G
row a T
in T
ree
. t
he cl
oud ine
ss d i
sappears. T he so
lut
ion is
D
ilu
te commerc
ial ti
n ch
lor
id so
lut
ion n
ow r e
ady f o
r u se
, p rov
ided t ha
t i tdoes
w
ith f
orty t
im
es i
t
s bu
lk ofwat
er a
nd pro
- n
ot c
loud w hen as mall amoun t o
fw ate
r is
c
e
ed th
es ame a
swhen mak
ing t
he l
e
ad t
ree
. a
dded toi t
.
Thi
s solu t
ion o f ph enolphthalein, wh en
u
s
ed i n t h
e w ine tr
ick , impa rts an odor
CHEM
ICAL GRO WTHS RESEMBLE o
f a l
coho l t o t he w ine-colored s o
lu -
FOL
IAGE
.
t
i
on. I
n
s tead o f u s
ing a mmon ia w ater
(NI
-1 40H) i n th
e t h
ird g la
s s
, u s
e as olu-
The f
o
llowing it
em m ay p
rove o
f in
ter
-
t
i
on o f c
a ust
ic s o
da ( Na OH) , s i
nce t h
e
e
s
t toyour c
hemica
l reader
s and t
ho
se who
c
aus
tic soda h as no betraying o dor a sdoes
d
abb
le inchemis
try ju
st for t
he n
ove
lty of
s
uch e
xper
iments a
st h
is: t
h
e a mmonia . F o
r t h
e s ame r eason, use
d
i
luted su
lphur ic acid ( I
I,SO 4) i n
stead of
A10% s o
lut
ion o fs
od
ium s i
licate (wa
ter t
h
e a c
etic a c
id.
g
l
ass) isput into a gla
ss or b ea
lo!r
, and
c
r
ysta
ls of a
ny o r a
l of th
e fol
low ing s
al
ts T
he f
ol
lowing isan e
xtr
emely i
n
tere
sting
a
r
e dropped in
; c o
pper su
lfat
e, ferrous s
ul
- c
o
lor e
xper
iment: O bta
in some i
od
ic a c
id
f
a
te, ni
ckel su
lfate, c
obalt ni
t ra
t. s
o
lut
ion ( H10 3) a
nd ei
ther m
ake or buy
1
02 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

s
ome s u
lphu rous a c
id s o
lution ( a solu tion I
n th
e other g la
ss put ap i
ece of co
tton
o
fs ulphur d i
oxide inw a
ter 128 0 3)
. T ake c
l
oth two or t h
ree inche
s s q
uare and then
d
efinite p r
opo r
tions o f t h
e t wo s olu tions p
our t
he di
ssolved a mmonium c h
loride in
to
a
nd m ix t hem t o
gethe r
. N o t
e c are fully t
he g
la
ss containing the cl
oth and see th
at
t
he t im e o f mixing. I n ab out t wen ty o r i
tiswel
l s o
aked w ith the so
lut
ion. H ang
t
he c
l
oth up and l e
t itdry
. T hen touch it
t
h
ir ty s econds the s o
lution w ill turn b lack
w
ith aligh
ted m a
tch. I twill burn int h
e
a
nd i n a bout t hre
e s e
conds m ore i tw i
ll
f
l
ame, b
ut w i
ll g o ou
t assoon ast he fl
ame
t
urn c o
lo r
less again. B y v arying t he p r
o- i
sremoved.
p
ortion s o f the ingredients t h
e t ime i n
t e
r-
v
also ft he co
lor chang esw i
ll a l
so bev aried. T
o Make G un Powd er . —M ix one te
a-
F
or t he s ame p roportions of t he substanc es s
poonfu
l ofpotas
sium ni
t ra t
e, one
-half te
a-
s
poonfu
l of s
ulphur a
nd o ne-ha
lf te
aspoon-
t
he t ime w il
l be t h
e s ame. I n th
is m ann er
f
ul of powdered ch
arcoa l o n as heet of
o
ne c a n p redic
t a t j us
t w hat s e
cond t he
p
aper. This m u
st b
e tho roughly mixed to
c
hang es w ill appear. I tm igh t be w e ll to
make agood powder
.
a
dd t h at af a
ir a moun t of l i
gh t (na tu ral
o
r a r
tific
ia l
) i sn e
cessary for t he succe ss of Sympa theticI nk.—W ith ac l
ean st
eel p
en
t
h
is e xp erim ent
. w
rite on w h
ite paper w
ith ac obalt c
hlor
ide
s
o
lu t
ion a nd let dry. Wh en the paper is
Anoth er s o
-called f r eezing t r
ick d epend s h
eld near t h
e fir
e thewrit
ing w il
l gradual
ly
u
pon t he c ondition s e xisting i n s upersat- a
ppear, a nd disappear a
gain w hen i tco
ols
,
u
rated s o
lu t
ion s
. I
f s u
ch s ubstanc es a s b
ecause t he ch
lo r
ide ab
sorbs m oi
sture from
s
odium t h
io sulpha te ( hypo ) a re d i
ssolv ed t
he ai
r. E v
en t hough t
he paper issco
rched
i
nw a ter ata bout 1 00 ° F . u nt
il a b
solu tely t
he writing w i
ll s t
i
ll b
e vi
sibl
e.
n
o m o re of t he c rys tals w i ll dis
solv e
, a nd Gr
een Al
coholL ight
. —D i
ssolve o
ne-ha
lf
t
he s olution i sa low ed t o c ool
, i tw ill b e t
e
aspoon
ful bo
ric acid intwo a nd o
ne-ha
lf
s
uper satura ted. T h
i s s olution w ill be come t
e
aspoon
fuls o
f alcohol and li
ght it
. T he
as o
lid m ass i ft he s mallest c rystal of t he f
l
ame wil
l be br
ight gre
en.
h
ypo i salow ed t o d rop i nto i t
. Wi th a
To R emove Ma rk
s Du e to Ma tch
l
i
ttle d exterity t h e o perator c an p ass h i
s S
cra
tche
s. —Rub th
e sc
rat
ch ed s
u
rface w
ith
h
and o ver t he v essel c o n
ta ining t he s olu- l
emon and t h
en wash with a cl
ean rag
t
i
on a nd s e
c ret
ly d rop i nto i tas mall crystal d
ipp
ed in water
.
o
f t h e s a
lt
. A w eird e fect i sp roduc ed
when t he s olution i mm ed iately b ecome s
s
o
lid. The e xp
lana t
ion o ft hisp henom enon
i
st ha t t h
e c old s o
lu tion c o nta
in s m ore o f TESTED CHE M
ICAL LABORATORY
t
he s al
t t hat i tcou ld n orma lly h old a tt hat STUNTS
.
t
emp e rature, a nd w hen e ven t h
e t in
iest
Spoon
s T hat Wi l
l Melt in Ho t Wa ter
.
c
rystal o f t he sa
lt i sd ropp ed i nto t h
e s olu-
—Fu se to
gether i
n acruc
ible 8p a
rts o
fb i
s
-
t
i
on , t he w hole b ecom es as o
lid m a
ss. T he
muth, 5ofl e
ad, a
nd 3oft i
n
. T hese metal
s
s
o
lu tion m u st be f r
eed w hile h ot from t he
w
ill combine and form an aloy, of which
s
urplu s h ypo a nd a low ed t o cool s l
ow ly. s
poons can be e
as
ily made which pos
ses
s t h
e
r
emarkable p roper
ty o f m e
lting i n h o
t
w
a ter
, cofee or te
a.

TESTED CHEM
ICAL LABORATORY AS e
lf-Dancing E gg. —Tak e athin gla
ss
S
TUNTS
. t
ube about 3i nches long and f i
l
l i twith
m
ercury t h
en s ea
l b oth end s with g ood
F
ir
e-Proof
ing C loth. —First g
e
t two g
l
ass h
ard w ax. N ext hav e an egg boi
l ed and
t
umbler
s. A dd t wo t e
aspoonful
s of am- t
h
en b reak as mal
l p i
ece of the s
hell fr
om
m
onium chloride to the w a
ter in t
he g
l
ass t
h
es ma
ller e
nd and t h
rust t
het ube with t
he
a
nd st
ir u
nti
l d i
sso
lv ed
. m
e r
cury in
, la
y i ton at a
ble and itwill n
ot
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 1
03

c
e
ase tumbl
ing u n
til the egg iscool
. T he o
f b
rim
stone or ro
ll su
lfur a
nd t ouch t
he
s
ame ca
n be done by tak
ing as mal
l bladder p
i
ece o
f st
eel wi
th i t
. I mmedia
tely af
ter
p
utt
ing ali
ttle mercury ins
ide and blowing t
h
eir c
onta
ct the s
tee
l will me
lt and drop
i
tu p
, th
en w arm t h
e b l
adder, itwill sk
ip l
i
ke me
lted bu
tter
.
a
bout a
sl o
ng ast he heat rema
ins. E
xplosion Wi thout H eat. —Tak e acry
s-
T
o G ive a Piece of C harcoal aC oat of t
a
l or t wo of n it
rat o f copper and bru
ise
S
i
lv er
. —Lay ac r
ysta
l ofs i
l ver n
itrat u
pon t
hem; then m o
isten t hem w ith w a
ter and
ap i
ece o f burning charcoal ; th
e m eta
llic r
o
ll th
em u p in ap ie
c e o
ft i
n-
foi
l, and ina
s
a
lt w il
l c a
tch fir
e and w il
l e mi
t s p
arks of m
inute t he fo
il w ill begin t o smoke and
v
arious color
s. The s i
lver i sre
duced, and, s
oon af
ter w i
ll t ak
e f i
re and exp
lode. Un -
l
e
ss th
e c r
ystals ofc opper are mo
istened
, no
i
n t h
e e nd, produces upon t he charcoa
l a
h
eat wi
ll b e produced.
v
ery b r
ill
iant a nd beautiful appearance
.
T
o Me l
t L ead i n Paper
.—W rap up a
A n Wa ter B ut N ot We t. —Powder t he
v
ery s mooth p i
ece o f le
ad in ap i
ece o
f
rs
furface of al a
rg e or s
mall ve
ssel of water p
aper, then h old i tover the fl
am e of a
w
ith s ome l y
copodium, w hich m ay be ob- t
aper; th
el ead wi
llb em el
ted withoutburn
-
t
a
in ed at a ny d rug st
ore; you m ay then i
ng t he p aper p rovid
ing t here a r
e no
c
hallenge any o ne to d
rop a c o
in i n
to the w
rinkles int he paper a
nd that itisincon
-
water
, a nd t ha
t y ou wil
l g et itw ithout t
act wi
th t he le
ad e v
erywh e
re.
wett
ing y our hand . The l y
copodium a d
-
The Fiery F ountain.—If t wenty g rains
h
eres tot he hand a nd pr
ev en
ts i t
s con
tact
o
f phosphorus
, c ut very small, and m ix ed
wi
th t h
e w ater
.
w
ith for
ty gra
in s ofp owder ofz inc
, b e put
Art
if
icial P etr i
fa c
tions ( turning i nto i
n
to f o
ur d rachm s o f w at
er, a nd t wo
s
t
one).— In a r e
to rt place as mal
l q uantity d
rachm s of conc en
trated sulfuric acid b e
o
f pounded f luor-spa r and s and, a nd pour a
dded t he
reto
, b ubble
s o f inf
lam ed p ho s
-
u
pon i ts ome s u
lfu ric acid; fluos
ilicic ac
id p
horated hydrog en gas will q u
ickly c over
g
as wil
l b e di
s engag ed, h o
lding s i
lex i ns o
- t
hew hole su
rface o fthe fl
u
id i ns ucc
ession,
f
orming ar ea
l f ounta
in off i
r
e.
l
u
tion. T he s u
bje cts you w ish t o p e
trify
mu
st b e m oi
sten ed w ith w a
ter a nd p laced Gha
s t
ly P l
easur
e P ar
ty. —Dis
solve com -
i
n av es
sel c onnected w i
th t he neck o f the m
on s al
t i n an infu
sion o f s
aff
ron a nd
r
e
tort, the s i
lex w ill b e prec
ip i
tat ed upon s
p
iri
ts ofw ine. Dip some tow inthi
s solu-
t
hem l i
ke af rost a nd w i
ll hav e ab eau
tiful t
i
on and s et fi
r
e to it
, af
ter e
xtinguish
ing
a
l other li
ghts inthe room. T he ghastly
a
ppea
ranc
e. Itwil
l wear f
o
r y
e
ars
. N
ote
e
fect produced on th
e face
s of al present
— Do n
o
t in
hale t
h
is g
as
.
i
svery s t
art
ling
.
An E xperiment Wi th S ugar
. —Take
a
bout 5o r 6p i
eces o
fl ump sugar and pl
ace
t
h
em i n ac up; nextpour about 3t easp
oons
EXPER
IMENTS OFF THE BEATEN TRACK
.
f
u
l l of boil
ing w a
ter upon them, a nd th
en
The fo
llow
ing exper
iments are no
t only
a
dd s ome s ul
furic ac
id. I ti stru
ly aw on-
i
n
teres
ting
, but have t
he add
itional ch
arm
d
erful spectacle
, a nd more in
structive t
han
o
fnovelty
, be
ing of ak
ind t
ha
to ne d
oesnot
r
eading, t o se
e t h
e sugar turn black, th
en u
sua
lly come ac
ross in t
he t
ext-book
s.
b
o
i l
, a nd n ow, r i
s
ing o u
t o f th
e c up in a
For t
hef i
r
st th
ere w i
ll be r
equ
ired ab ob-
b
lack c o
lor. I t isnow c h
a r
coal.
b
in about f o
ur i nches in le
ngth w ith a
T
o Me l
t St
eel
. —Hea
t ap i
ece of s
t
eel c
ent
ral hole an inch o r mor
e i n di
am eter
t
orednes
s in af
ir
e, t
h
en ho
ld itwith ap
air a
nd having af ew h undred t
urns of double
o
fpince
rs. In the o
t
her hand ta
ke ast
i
ck c
o
tton c ove
red w ire w ound o n it
.
1
04 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

Thi
ss h
ould befa
sten
ed e
nd-up o
n asheet P
lac e a s mall h eap o f p erf ectly d ry
o
f mirror glas
s and the e
nds of t
h
e w ire p
r
in ters' b ronze p owde r o n as he
et o f
c
onnected with aso
urce o
frap
idly a
l
ternat- p
ape r
, a nd i nsert t h
e e nd s o f t he w ires i n
i
n
g c urrent
. o
ppo s
it e s i
d e
s o f t he h eap . T he v oltmeter
w
ill n ot a t fi
rst r eg
ist er t he p assag e of a
In
to t h
e h ollow c ore d rop a f ew f l
ak es
c
urren t; b ut u pon g r adua l
ly b r
ing ing t h
e
o
f black m agne tic o xide o f i r
on , prepa red
w
ires c l
oser t ogeth er t he n eedle i su l
tima te
-
a
sd escribed b elow . A t f i
rst n o e fect w ill
l
y d ef
l ected. A fter t h
i s t hey m ay a g a
in
b
e o b
s erved; b ut l e
t as oft i ron b ar, o r
,
b
e s epa rated w ithou t s t
opp ing t he f l
ow o f
what i sb etter , ab und le o f soft i r
on w ire,
c
urren t. Mo reov e r
, i ft hew ires a re b rought
b
e inse rted f or am om en t a nd w ithd raw ;
f
a
irly c l
ose t ogeth er t hey m ay b e s lowly
t
he pa rticles o f o xide w ill a t o nce b ecome
s
epara ted, n o
t o nly f rom e ach o ther, b u
t
e
ndow ed w ith e xtraord ina ry a ct
ivity. T he
f
l
akes t hat w ere f o
rm e r
ly a t r e
st w il
l b e f
rom the p
o wd er, w
ith o ut in
ter ru pting t
h
e
f
l
ow o f c urrent. U pon i nsp ection i tw il
l
s
een t o b e d ancing v igo rou s
ly u nder t h
e
b
ef ound t hat thew ires a re c onnec t
ed e i
ther
i
nf
luenc e o f t h
e a lterna ting c urrent, t h
e
movem en t b eing b oth s ide t o s i
de a nd u p w
ith each o
ther, o
r w
it h t
he p
o wder, by
a
n e xce edingly f ine t h
r ead o fb ronz e. Wi th
a
nd d own . T he p robab le e xplana t
ion i s
c
are i ti sp o
ssible t oo bta in as epara tion o f
t
hat t he p articles o f o xide b e come p e
rma -
a
n i nch o r s o
. N o d oub t t he c hain i sp ro
-
n
ently m agn etized d uring t he b rief t ime duced b y aw elding t o geth er o ft he m inute
t
hat t h e i ron c o re i sw i thin t he b obb in. particle s compo sing i tu nder t he i nf
luence
The p ola rity t hus i nduc ed c a uses t he p a r
- of h eat, g enera ted b y t h e c urren t
. I
f
t
i
cles —wh ich, i tw i l
l b e r em embe red, a re i n g
raph ite p owder i s u sed, s ever al t h
reads
t
he form o ff l
akes— to p resen t o pposi
te e nds can b e d rawn s imultan eou sly.
t
ot he m idd le o f t he b obb in a lterna t
ely u n- The t h
ird e xperim en t t o b e d e s
c r
ibed i s
d
er the i n
flu enc e o ft he a lterna ting c urr en t
. of av ery s impl e c h
a rac t e
r , a nd o n
ly r e
-
The l atera l m ovem ent i sa t
tribu ted t o t h
e quires ac arbon f i
lam en t l amp a nd ap erfect
-
mutual a ttra ction a nd r epulsion b etw e en ly d ry, w arm c loth. Immed iat e
ly a ft
er
n
eighbor ing p a r
ticl e
s. s
witch ing o f
f t he c urren t, t h
a t i sw hi
le t h
e
T
o m ake t he o xide i nt h
e f orm r equir ed l
a mp is s
ti
ll h
ot
, i
t s
h oul d b
e r
e m ov ed a
nd
r
ubbed b r
iskly w ith t he c l
oth . T he outer
f
or t he e x pe r
im en t, c ut ap iece o f t i
nn ed
s
urfac e b ecom es c harg ed b y f r
ic t
ion a nd
i
ron f rom a c a
n a nd l eav e i ti n an o p en
t
he i n ner s urface b y i nduc tion, s om etim e
s
f
i
re u ntil t he s urfac e i sc ove r
ed w ith b lack
s
uficien tly t o a ttra ct t he f i
lamen t t o t h
e
o
xide. I fc arefu lly r emov ed a nd a low ed t o
s
i
de a nd h old i tt here. A t t he s am e time a
c
ool
, al i
ttle g e ntle b ending b etw een t he
l
uminou s glow i so bserv ed i n ad ark r oom.
f
i
ng ers w i
l l d eta ch t he o x
ide i n th
e f orm
o
f irregu la r f l
ak es.
The nex
t exper
im en t iseven less e
xacting
SOME I
NTEREST
ING CHEM
ICAL
i
n the m a
tter of a pparatus, o nly a l i
tt
le
EXPER
IMENTS
.
f
i
nely powdered graphite or b ronze powd er
b
e
ing r equ
ired. T he c urrent, w hi
ch m ay When av ery li
ttl
e d ry powder ed p o
tas-
b
e drawn from the h ouse supply, should be s
i
um p e
rmang ana t ism ois
t ened w i
th s u
l-
a
bout 200 volt
s D .C . Two w ires should f
ur
ic a c
id, br ownish-green o i
ly d rops o f
b
e carri
ed from t he l i
ghting c ircu
it, p r
o- p
e
rmang an
ic a
nhydrid (Mn 207) a re
v
ided with in
sulat
ing h andles f o
r conveni- f
o
rm ed. T h
is compound i sv o
lati
le, giv
ing
e
nce, a
nd hav
ing ah igh- re
sistance voltmeter avio
let vapor and i sapt tod ecompo se ex-
i
n ser
ies
. p
l
osively in
to oxygen and m ang ane
se d i
oxid
.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERI MENTS (Chem
ica
l). 1
05

I
t
s o x
idizing p ower issuch t
hat combu
s- No
. 2: M ix atea
spoonful o
f ni
tr
ic ac
id
t
i
ble
s lik
e p ape
r, et
her and i
luminat
ing g
as w
ith atea
spoonful o
fs u
lfur
ic a
cid; p
lace a
a
r
e s e
t on f i
r
e b y c
ontact w
ith it
. l
i
tt
le tu
rpentine i
n at e
acup ou
t o f d
oors
,
White pho
sphorus,w hen h
ea
ted with su
l- a
nd pour the mixture upon it at arm
's
l
e
ngth. T he tu
rpent
ine wil
l bu
rn w i
th al
-
f
ur u n
ite
s w ith explo
sive vi
olence. By
m
ost ex
plos
iv e v
io
lence
.
u
s
ing r ed phosphorus the ac
tion c an be
c
ontro
lled
. T he pr
oduc t i
s phosphorous No. 3 : Mak e as a
tura ted s olution o f
s
u
lf
id a nd th
e k i
nd depends u
pon t h
e pro- s
odium s u
l fa te ( Glaube r's S alt ), i n w arm
p
or
tions us
ed. water ; p our t he m ixtur e i n ab ottle, and l e
t
i
ts tand . T he s a
lt w i
ll r emain f or m on ths
I
f as mall p i
e ce o fs odium i sp laced o n a
w
ithou t c r ystall
iz ing ; b ut i ft a ken u p, a nd
p
i
e ce o f f i
l
ter p aper a nd p lac ed o n w ate r
,
s
hak en af ew t im es
, t he w hole m ass w i
ll i n
-
t
he w ater i sd ecompo sed a nd t he h eat l i
b- stantly f orm i nto c rysta ls, s o f i
ll
ing t h
e
e
rated i ss uficien t tos et fire t ot he s odium , bottle t ha t n o
t ad rop o fw ater w ill escap e
.
which b urns w ith a c haract eristic y ellow S hou ld t her e b e a ny h esitation a t t he m o
-
f
l
am e
. men t o f s haking , d rop a s mall c r
y s
tal o f
Powd ered m agne sium a nd p otassium t
he s
al
t i
nt o t
he b
ott
le, and t
he ef
e ct w
i l
l
b
e i n
stan t ly s e
en , b y t he d arting o f n ew
c
hlora t int h
e p ropo rtion s o f 1 0:17 i su sed
c
rystals i n e very d irection .
i
nm aking f l
ash l
igh tsf o
ru sei np hotog raphy .
Cordite
, av a r
iety o f s mok ele s
s p owd e r
, No. 4 : H ea t ap i
ec e o f t i
n u nt
il t h
e
i
sm ade by d issolving g unco tton ( 65 p arts) c
oatin g b
e gi n
s t
o melt; t
h
e n c
ool q
uickly
i
n w ater a nd c lean i n a qua r eg
ia. T he
n
i
tro -glycerin ( 30 p arts) a nd v as e
line ( 5
s
urfa ce w ill b e f ound c over ed w ith b eau t
i-
p
arts) i n a cetone . T he r e
su lting p aste i s
f
ul c rysta ls o f t he m etal.
r
o
l led out a nd c ut i nto s mallp ieces. Wh en
t
he a c
etone e vapora t es t he h orny c ordite No. 5 : P our d i
lute n itric a cid u pon b i
ts
o
ft i
n. D en se r ed f ume s w ill p a
ss o f.
r
ema ins.
No. 6 : T hrow c r
ysta ls o fa ny n i
trat o n
J
avelle w a
t er ( solu tion o f s odium h ypo-
r
ed h ot c oals; t hey w ill d eflag rate w i th
c
h
lo rit) i sa n i ngred ien t o f ink e r adicator s
.
d
ense r ed s mok e.
The s o
lu t
ion i sf i
rst a pplied t ot he i nk and
ad ilute s olution o f h ydroch lo ric a c
id i s
r
ubb ed o ver i t
. T he c hlor
in w h
ich i sl i
b-
CHEM ICAL EXPER IMENTS .
e
rated i sr espon sible f or the b leach ing e f
-
f
e
c t
. By e xp erimen ting a l i
ttle y ou w ill f i
nd
t
hat a n i nfu sion o fl ogwood c hip s and w a
t er
w
ill c hang e c olor w hen o ther c h emic al
s a re
CHEM ICAL EXPER IMENTS . a
dded .
No. 1: P ut o n ac lean w hi
te p late o r Take t h ree g lasses N os. 1 , 2a nd 3 a nd
s
auce r
, am ixtur e o f p ulveriz ed s uga r and p repa re t hem a sf o
llow s: R inse N o
. 1w ith
p
otassium, c hlora t
. U pon a dd ing a f ew s t
rong v inega r; D ust N o. 2w ith p owde red
d
rop s o f sulfuric a cid a v iv
id c ombu s
tion a lum ; R in se N o. 3w ith as o
lu tion o f cop-
w
ill e nsue. B y a dd ing w ith t h
e s ugar a p er s ulfate . T he n ext s t
ep i st o p our t he
f
ew i r
on a nd s teel f i
l
ing s, a nd p erform ing l og- w
ood i nto e ach. If t h
e g l
asses h av e
t
he e xperim en t i n ad a rk r oom , o r out o f been p repa red c orrectly t he l ogwood i nN o.
d
oor s a t n igh t
, f i
e ry r o
sette s w ill f l
a
sh 1w ill f ade t o ap a
le y el
low . T hat i nN o.
t
hrough a r o
s e c o
lo r ed f l
am e
, a nd p roduce 2w ill b ecome a lmo st black a nd t h
a t inN o.
af i
ne e fect
. 3 will cha n ge to a p
ale purpl e.
1
06 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Th
is isthe princ
ipal s e
t of changes b
ut A FORTUNE
-TELLING EXPER
IMENT
.

f
o
llowing is ali
s
t ofc hanges us
ing not o
nly Procure ac y
lindrical
- c ar
ton a bout 2 3/
2
l
o
gwood b u
t also ot
her c h
em ica
ls. Som e o
f i
n
ch es i n d
iam e
te r and a t l
ea
st af o
ot i n
t
h
em c an b
eu sed asstated above but i
nthe l
e
ng th. P lace int h
e b ottom o f t
hi
s car ton
c
a
se o f ammon ia f o
r i ns
tance, t h
e odor as mall bottl
e, p re
f erably a n ink b o
t tle
,
c
ontaining s om e p ieces o f i r
on s ulfide
w
ould giv
e i ta way
.
(
F e 2S3) c
overed w ith e i
ther hydrochloric
Co
lor c
hang
es t
h
at a
r
e d
ue t
o c
h
emica
l o
r s u
lfuric ac
id. T he c ork of th
is bo tt
le
a
c
tion: s
hould h av
e ah ole about Y s in
ch i n di
am -
1
.—L ogw
ood, a
mmon
ia a
nd c
opp
er s
u
l- e
t
er d r
i l
led through i tt o alow t he escape
f
a
te gi
ves abr
own. o
fthegene
rated h
ydrogen su
lf
ide ga
s. About
a
n inch o
r s o a
bove th
is bott
le (or gen-
2
.—Logwood
, v
i
nega
r a
nd a
mmon
ia
e
ra
tor) a round pi
ece of pe
rfora
ted card-
g
i
ves p
urp
le.
b
oard ishe
ld in pl
ace by res
ting on four
3
.—Logwood, al
um a
nd a
mmon
ia c
au
se c
ommon p in
s, th
e l a
tte
r b e
ing plac
ed a t
ar
e
d pr
ecip
ita
te. t
he end
s of two di
ameters which ar
e p e
r-
4
.—Logwood
, v
i
nega
r a
nd c
o
pper s
u
lfa
te p
endicular t o e
ach o ther. T h ese pins a re
g
i
ves abr
own. t
hrust through t he w all o f the c arton s o
5
.—Logwod , a mmon ia and common s a
lt t
hat t
hey p
rot
r ude o
n t
h
e i
n
si de; t
h
er eby
g
i
ves al i
ght brown . f
orming a b asi
s o f suppo r
t f o
r t he p erfor-
a
ted cardboa rd. T he h o
les i n th e l a
tter
6
.—Logwood , c opper s ulfat
e, c ommon
s
hould bea b
out Ys i n
ch i ndiam e
ter. T ake
s
a
lt
, and a l
um m ixed g iv
e ap ink
.
apad o fo rd
inar y unruled p aper a nd w r
ite
7
.—Ph enolphthale
in a nd a mm onia gi
ves v
arious fortunes on e a
ch s he
e t with as o
lu-
abr
igh
t r ed (tes
t f or f r
ee a mmonia).
t
i
on o f l e
ad a ce
tate
, c ommon ly k nown a s
S
.—Copp er sulfat
e a nd amm onia giv
es a s
ugar ofl ead
. T he s o
lution being c o
lo rles
s,
b
r
ight blue ( t
est for c opper sul
fate). t
he pad p aper wil
l a ppear toh ave no w r
it-
9
.—L ogwood a nd h ydrogen peroxid giv
es i
ng o
n it
.
apa
le yellow. I
n te
lling t h
e f o
rtun es of y our f r
iends,
1
0
. —Logwood,c
opp
ersulfate a
nd c
au
stic h
av e one o f them s i
gn h i
s or her n ame o n
s
o
da gi
ves apa
le b
l
ue pr
ecipi
tate
. t
he t op of as heet o f t
his pad. T ear t h
is
s
heet o f. H av e another f r
iend p lace h i
s
o
r h er n ame o n a nother s h
eet o f t he pad.
A
f ter h av
ing t hree o r four signed s h
ee ts
,
"
POUR
ING RED
, WH
ITE AND B
LUE FROM r
o
l l t h
em u p
, pl ac
e t h
em i nt he carton, a nd
THE SAME P
ITCHER
." q
uickly c over
. K eep your fr
iend si nteres
t ed
F
i
ll 3g l
asses 2
/3 fu
ll of w
ate
r. I n the b
y q uot
ing s ome m agic p a
tter, a nd a fter
f
i
r
st dis
solv
e 1m easure o
f Ammon ium S u
l- p
lacing t he c a
r ton t o the four w ind s a nd
f
o
cyanat. I
n t h
e s e
cond 1 m easur
e o f g
oing t hrough s ome m agic m o
tions, r emov e
S
t
rontium N i
trat and i
nthe t
h
ird 72 m ea
s- t
he c o
ver a nd t a
ke o ut the roll o f pap er
.
u
re of Sod
ium F erroc
yanid
. Imm ediately co ver the c
arton. T hen d is
trib-
I
n th
epitcher d
is
solve 3mea
sures ofFer- u
te t he sheets o f paper tot hose w hom t h
e
r
i
c Ammon ium S u
lfat in 1
/3 g l
ass
ful of s
ignatur es d esignate. B
ehold ! Your
w
a t
er. Pour alit
tle o
ft h
is i
n
to each g
la
ss. f
r
i end s will rec e
ive t h
e s ame s i
gned s h
e et
s
The fi
r
st wil
l turn red
, the s
econd white o
fp aper c overed w ith black w r
iting w hich
a
nd the t
hird bl
ue. u
pon r
e
ading w
i
ll t
e
l
l t
h
eir f
o
rtun
es.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Chem
ica
l). 1
07

The chemis
try i nvo
lved in th
is exp e
ri- The w r
iter has tr
ied a l of the
se with
men
t i sth
e formation of t
h
e black prec
ipi- v
ary
ing s ucce
ss. A nd then o ne d ay we
t
a
te of le
ad su
lfide by th
e g
enerated hydro- t
a
lked t o one o f th
ese w onderful pre
sti
-
g
en su
lfide (1
-
1 2S) coming i
n contac
t w ith d
ig
itators (oh
, y e
s; it
's in th
e d i
ct
ionary)
t
he lead ace
tate P b ( C21
-40 2)2 on t he a
nd g o
t the only and or
iginal formula fo
r
p
aper
. t
he rea
l wine a nd water tr
ick
. Y ou have
o
nly tot r
y itt oknow it'
s the REAL o ne
.
P
b (C21
-
,0 2)
,
1
-2S = P
bS 2HC 21
-
1302 F
irst s ecur e f our g la
sses
. P ut av ery
s
mall drop o fF e C ls (i
ron c hlo r
id ) i ne a
ch
o
f two o f t hem , a nd fil
l ano th er hal f full
o
f 12C204 ( oxalic a c
id). T he o t
h er o ne
THE "
REAL" WINE AND W ATER TR
ICK
. r
emains e mp ty. The g la
sses w ith t he c h
em i-
Many o
f y
ou h
ave h
eard o
f or s
e
en the c
a
ls shou ld b e farthest from t he aud ience.
s
o
-cal
led "w
ine a
nd wat
er tr
ick" whe
rein F
i
ll af l
ask w ith a s o
lution o f OHC 61 -
14-
CO 2H ( s
alicylic a cid). T he t able s how s
h
ow t o p erfo rm t he s e
parate o perat
ion s of
t
he tr
ick i n t he
ir p roper o rd er. T hat i s
,
f
i
rs
t p our s ome l i
quid f rom t he f l
ask i nto
g
la
ss N o. 3 . R esult— colorless. Th en i nto
No
. 1 . R esu lt— red d ue t o t he f o
rma t
ion
o
fi r
on s a
licy late
. T hen i n
to N o
. 2 ,c olor-
l
e
ss
. Th en i nto N o. 4,r e
d.
Two and fo
ur combined g
ive co
lor
less
.
O
ne and th
ree gi
ve r
ed
. A ll t
oge
ther gi
ve
c
o
lorl
ess
. S ee ta
ble h
erewi
th:
3 + OHC61-
14CO 2H C
olor
less
1± OHC61 -
14CO 2H Red
Arrange ment o
f Four G lasses as I
Tsed in Pro- 2+ OHC 61-
14CO2H C
olor
less
ducing " Wine and W ater Trick" as Descr
ibed.
4 + OHC 61
-
14CO2H Red
2+ 4 C
olor
less
al i
quid, p re sumab ly w ater, i spoured f r
om
1+ 3 Red
ab ottle i n
to d iferent g lasses
, w hich a re
1-I
- 2-
I
- 3+ 4 C
olor
less
a
ppa ren t
ly e mpty
, a nd produc esw ine ( don't
d
rink i t
, f or t he l ov
e o f M ik e!) i n some Mo re g l
ass
es a nd chem ical
s m ay b e u
sed
g
lassesa nd w ater ino th
er s
. V a r
iousc hemi- i
fdes
ir ed, b u
t m ust be p r
epared a s ab
ove.
c
a
l s a re u sed t o produce t h
is e ff
ect. O ne Toper form t h
e t r
ick pour from pitcher in
to
way i st o h av e ac ry
stal o f potass
ium p e
r- g
l
ass N o. 1a nd w e h ave wine, t h
en i n
to
mangana te, K Mn 04,i no ne g las
s, as o
lu- g
l
ass N o
. 2w e have w ater
, and glass N o
. 3
t
i
on o f o xalic a cid i n a nother, a nd t wo w
e h av e wine, t h
en g lass N o
. 4w e have
g
lasses e mpty . Wa rm w ater w h
en p oured
w
ater; p our b ack g l
asses 1 ,2a nd 3 i n
to
f
rom a b ottle i n
to t hree of t h
em w ill p r
o-
p
i
tcher a nd t h
en f i
ll the three g
la s
ses with
d
uce n o r e
su lt, but i n the KMnO , g la
ss
w
ine f rom t he pitcher
, n ow p our a l four
ar e
d c o
lor r esul
ts. Wh en a l t h
ree g lass
es
g
l
asses b ack and t hen fil
l them wi th water
a
re m ix ed t oge
the r t he o xalic a cid d e
-
f
r
om t he pi
tcher.
c
oloriz ed t h e KMn0 4. S till a nother
method u t
i l
iz es p o
tassium -sulpho- cyanide A l
it
tle p
ract
ise b
efor
e y ou a
t
tempt t
h
is
a
nd a n i r
on s a
lt, and at h
ird m ethod , phen- w
ith y
our fr
iends w
il
l enable y
ou t
ohand
le
o
lphtha lein. g
l
asse
s a nd p
i
tcher s
k
ilful
ly.
1
08 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

Try toc ove r th

e solution ing la
ss N o. 4 A s mal
l q uanti
ty o f No. 5i n ah a
lf
w
ith your hand w hen pouring i n
to itforthe t
umb ler of water will be acl
ear so
lut
ion
f
i
r
s t time
. a
nd a s mall quanti
ty o f No
. 6i n h a
lf
CHE MICAL COLOR CHA NGES . t
umb ler of water will b
e cl
ear; add both
The f o
llow ing c h
em icals should b e di
s- t
ogether a nd you w i
ll have ad eep navy
s
o
lved s eparately i n i ndividual b o
ttle
s, b
lue
.
l
a
b e
led p r
op erly and kept t i
ghtly corked:
B
y f urther experiment
ing w i
th a b
ove
No. 1 .—P ermangana te o f p o
tash, c
hem i
cals you wil
l be ab
le tope
rform m any
d
ram; w ater, 4o unces.
o
ther c h
ang e
s.
No.2 .—C aust
ic soda orp otash, 72 dram;
w
ater, 4o unces.
N
o. 3
.—Hypso
sulph
ite o
fso
da (
hypo)
, 2 CHEM
ICAL TR
ICKS
.
d
rams; w
ate
r, 4ounc
es. The P
opu
lar W
ine a
nd Wa
ter T
rick
.

N
o. 4—Bichlor
ide o
f mercury (po
ison)
, Obtain as mall q uantity o f p heno lph tha -
7
2 dram
; w a
ter, 4ounc
es. l
e
in f rom y our c h em ist or d rugg ist i np ow -
(
Be su
re and la
bel b
ot
tle poi
son
.) d
er f orm . D isso lv e i ti n as mall b o ttle
No
. 5 .—Su lpha to fi r
on, 7 2o unce; wa
ter, and k e
ep w e
l l c ork ed. Wh en r eady f or
4ounc es. t
he t
r
ic k (
bef ore t
he p
erfo rm a n c
e ) p
lace
s
om e o f t his s o
lu tion i n as mall c rystal o r
No. 6 .—R ed p russia te p otash, d
ram;
p
or celain p itch er a nd p art
ly f i
ll w ith c lear
w
ater, 2o unc es.
wate r
, t hen p repar e f our w ine g lasses o r
No. 7 .—O il oft artar, t hi
s i smade a sf o
l- sma llt umb lersa sf ollow s: N o
. 1g lassw ith
l
ows: C arbona te ofs oda o rc ommon w ash-
a
bou t at e
aspoon fu l o f a mmon ia. N o. 2
i
ng s oda, Y 2 o unce; w ater, 4o unces.
g
las s clea r
. N o. 3g lass with at easpoon ful
No. 8 .—A c et
ic a c
id ( c
lea r ac
id) . o
fa mmon ia, a nd N o. 4g lass w i th t wo t ea
-
The a b ove c h
em ica ls a re a l u sed i n spoon fuls o f a cetic a c
id.
p
hotog raphy a nd m ay b e p urchased o f any •
"
/
- My steriou s Smoke T rick .
p
hoto d ealer.
P
lac e as ma ll q uantity o f a mmon ia i n a
I
n at umb ler conta ining as mall quan t
ity tumb le r a nd u pon a s mall p ie ce o f c lear
o
f w a
t er p lace e nough N o. 1s o
lu t
ion t o gla ss p lace af ew d r
ops o f m uriatic a c
id.
g
ive an i
c e w ine c olor, t hen add a bout a T el l one o fy our f r
iend s that y ou c a n f i
nd
h
alf t easpoon fu l o f N o
. 2s o
lution, t h
is ou t w h ether h e i sa n e x
ces s
iv e s mok er o r
w
ill s l
igh tly r e
dden t he N o. 1s o
lution; no t, a nd h ave h im p la
ce h i
s t humb o n t h
e
n
ow p lace af ew d rop s o f N o
. 3s olut
ion,
unde r s ide o f t he s he
et g l
as s a nd c arefu l
ly
t
hisw ill c hang et og reen ;a dd as mallq uan-
t
u rn i to v
er o n t o
p o f t he t umb le r w ith
t
iy o f N o. 8 , you w i
ll o bserve t h
is to
h
is t humb s t
il l i n p osi
tion; t he r esu lt w il
l _
t
urn b r own a nd t hen c lear i t
se
lf. R inse
be a n e xcessive a moun t of s moke i su ing
t
umb ler o ut t ho
rough ly.
appa ren tly f rom h i
s t humb .
Put a bou t t e
n d rop s o f N o. 4i n ha
lf
My sterious Fire.
t
umb l
er w ater, add as mal l quant
ity o fN o
.
7,this c h ange s to ad e
ep o range color ; now A small q
u antit y o
f c
hlora te o f p otash
a
dd as mall q uantity o f N o. 8,i mm ediate
ly mi xe d w
i th t
he s
a m e amount o
f s
uga r placed
cl
ears i t
self. Rem ember t ha
t N o. 4 i s on ap i
e ce oft in o rs t
one a nd t hen t ouch ed
poi
son a nd s hould b e h and led with e xtreme w ith a s t
ick d ipp ed i ns ulphur ic a c
id w il
l
c
are
. R in se g la
ss t hor ough ly
. i
n
s tan t
ly b urs t i nto a b r
igh t w hite f l
ame .
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERI MENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 1
09

I
f asmal
l quanti
ty of st
rontium n
itrate i
s s
mal
l pea
. P
ut i n the bot
tle a
nd co
rk.
m
ixed wi
th t h
is th
e fl
am e wil
l b
e r e
d in
- T h
is i
s afi
ne ba
it f or bass a
nd c
an b
e u
sed
s
t
ead of whi
te, or ifth
e s ame a
moun t of
b
ar
ium n i
tra
te ism ixed in
stead o
f s t
ron
-
t
i
um the fl
ame will b
e green. ,W
ire P
rotechor
i
L
ine:
el su m * 419••
Hook.
.
'
Bott
le
POLE I
NDICATING SOLUT
ION FOR
BATTER
IES.
A
ttra
cting F
ish by Means o
f a Lu m
inous Ba
it
F
ormu la
. — Wa ter
, 1t ea
spoonful; Phen- and Hook.

o
l
phthale
in, 3d r ops
; P o
tass
ium N itra
te, 1
t
e
aspoonful
. t
o a
n advantage a
t n i
ght. It ca
n be u
sed
i
nwint
er fi
s h
ing w hen the l
i
nes a
re p
l
aced
D
irect
ions for Use. —Dip wir
es in
to so
lu-
t
h
rough hol
e s i
n t
h e ic
e.
t
i
on, and t h
e o ne w h
ich i snega
tive will
c
o
lor th
e solut
ion a b
out itred
.

CANNED HEAT
.

A NOVEL CHEM
ICAL I
NDICATOR
. C
anned heat
, an ew d iscovery
, isn o
thing
I
n c
hemis
try an i
n
dica
tor iss
ome
thing e
l
s e but s
ol
idif
ied alcohol. Th e alcohol i
s
w
hich t
e
ll
s w h
ethe
r asubs
tanc
e i
sac
id or s
uspended in asoap mix ture sot h
at i tmay
b
a
sic
. b
e us ed f
or heat
ing p urpo se
s and s t
il
l not
b
e op en t
o the dangers f r
om a l
coho l when
The f
o
llow
ing i
sar
a
ther p
ecu
liar o
ne:
b
urn ed a
lone
.
P
lace s
ome sul
fate of q
uinin i
n abeaker
S
o
lidif
ied al
coho
l m ay be made a
cco
rding
a
nd a dd some w a
ter
. The su
lfa
te o f
t
othe fo
llowing f
ormu la
: Stear
ic a
c
id, 82
q
uin
in wil
l not dis
solve
. N ow add di
lute
s
u
lfuric a
c
id drop by drop unt
il t
h
e su
lfate g
ramm es
; caust
ic s
oda
, 1 -
35/100 gr
amm es
;
o
f qu
inin isa
ll di
ssolv
ed. a
l
cohol ( gra
in o r denatured), suf
ici
en t
q
uant
ity tom ake 100 gr
amm e
s.
To tes
t for ab as
ic r eaction a dd some of
t
h
e a bove s o
lut
ion t o t he solution t o be D
issolve t h
e s t
ear ic a c
id i n a b ou t 50
t
e
sted. I f t
he s
olution i sbas
ic t he su
lfate g
ramm es o f a lcoho l b y t he a i
d o f h eat
.
o
f quinin wil
l reapp ear a s af l
aky prec
ipi- D
i s
solve t he c austic s o
da i n a bou t 4 0
t
a
te. T o te
st f
or an acid m ake s om
e oft he g
ramm es o f al
coho l. M ix a nd w arm u nt
il
t
e
st solut
ion sl
ightly basic a nd a dd so
lut
ion t
he t wo solution s comb ine. P our i nto suit
-
t
ob e te
sted
. I ft he so
lu tion clears th
e sub- a
ble m ould s
. The m ou lds o rdina r
i ly used
s
t
ance i sac
id. a
re f r
ict
ion -
top t i
n c ans c apab le of h o
lding
t
hree o r four f lu
id o unc es
. To i g
n ite
, the
c
over i sremov ed a nd al ighted m at ch held
LUMINOUS F ISH BA IT.
o
ver t h
e s o
lid m ixtur e. T o e xt
ingu i sh, t
he
All f i
shermen k now t hat al ight wil
l a t
- c
over i ssl
ipp ed o n the c an
. C are sh ould be
t
ract f i
sh. The p re
s ent d evice comprises a t
aken n ot t o t ip ov er t h
e l ight ed c an
, a s
s
mal l bottle orvi
alw ound w ith wire spaced when t he m ixtur e i sb urning i tb ecome s a
o
ne-eigh th o f an inch a pa rt
. Two h ooks
s
emi-liquid a nd, t he refore, a s ourc e of
a
re s wiv e
led to the e nd o f the b o
ttle with
d
ang er i f spil
l ed. When t he f i
re i se x
-
f
i
sh l i
ne, t y
ing ittot he m ain l i
ne above the
b
ottle
. A l um
inou s m ixtu re ist h
en m ade. t
i
ngu ished a nd t he m ass alow ed t oc ool t
he
Heat s om e ol
ive oi
l o n t he stove for about c
onten t
s o f t he c an a gain s o
l idifi
es. T he
f
iteen m inutes
, just s i
zzling a nd n ot boi
l- s
oap i t
self do e
s n o t b urn b ut i sleft i nthe
i
ng; t hen m ix in pho spho rus t he si
ze of a c
an a fter t h
e s p
ir
i t h as b een c onsum ed.
1
10 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

TO SOL
IDIFY ALCOHOL
. 2
.G unpowd er may be made b
y car
eful
ly
Hea
t 500 p
art
s o fdenatured a
lc
ohol o
ver m
ixing to
geth
er 70 to80 percen
t ofn i
tra
te
awate
r bath t
oa bout 140 deg
. F. a
nd add o
fp o
tash
, 10o r 12 p
e
r cent ofs
ulphur, a
nd
1pa
rt of g
umlac and 15p a
rts ofdry V
ene- 1
0 to 12 p
er cen
t of so
ft wood cha
rcoal
.
t
i
an soap (powde r
ed).
3
. A n int
erest
ing l i
ttle expe r
im en t m ay
b
e perform ed by throw ing ap iece o fp otas-
s
i
um a slarge as apeau pon some c o
ld w ater
TREE OF CRYSTALS
.
i
nth e bot
tom o f al a
rg e bott
le. Hyd rogen
i
sgiven o f on ac
coun t o ft h
e d ecompo sit
ion
Put as ma
ll quan t
ity ofb ruised gum b en- o
f t he w a
ter c aused b y t he p otassium .
z
oin o n ap iece of thin m etal or as aucer, E
nough h eat wi
ll be g iven o f toi gni
te t he
i
nv e
rt i to ver at umbler g l
ass
, i n w hich h
ydrog en, w h
ich w i
ll b urn w ith ap urpli
sh
p
lace as p
rig of w ood, or a ny small
-leav ed
r
ed color
. I mmediately a f
ter t h
row ing t he
p
lant, a nd a pply t he fl
ame o f ac andle
p
ota
s s
ium i n the w ater ap asteb oard c a
rd
u
nd erneath, so as tom el
t t he g um; d ense
o
r g l
ass p la
te s h
ou ld b e pla
c ed o ver t he
f
um es will soon begin to a r
ise, and deposit
t
hem selves i n most b eautiful c rys
tals o f mouth o f the b
ottle.
s
i
lky t e
xtu r
e, o n t he sprig o f w ood, i n 4
.R ochel
le s a
lt
s m ay be obtained by the
d
elicate soft fl
akes
, r es
emb ling f ol
iage. f
o
llowing e xper
im ent: D i
ssolve 1 0 g r
am s
o
fcream oft ar
ta r inabout 175 c ub
ic cent
i-
m
eters o
f hot w ate
r. A dd tot hi
s as trong
s
o
lut
ion o f sodium c a
rbonate a s l o
ng a s
HO W TO MAKE I
CE. t
h
e addit
ion p roduces eferve
sc ence. E vap-
1
.I ce c an a lways be p u
rcha s
ed c heaper o
r
ate the so
lution t o t
he bulk o f 20 cubic
t
han itc an b e produced i n as ma
ll w ay. c
e
ntimeters a
nd t h
en alow i ttoc ool
. C rys-
Howev er, iti ssom e
tim e
s d e
sirable toh ave t
a
ls of Rochel
le s a
lts w
ill be obtained
.
i
c
e or t o secure extreme c o
ld w hen itc an-
F
or the benef
it of th
ose w ho do not un
-
n
ot b e p urcha s
ed, o n S unday o r in t he
d
erstand the m etric sy
stem, in w hich th
e
n
igh
t. B y u s
e of the re
cipe below i c
e m ay
measurements i n the las
t e xper
im ent ar
e
b
e made a th om e in about 20 m inutes.
g
iven, th
e equivalents i
nt he Engl
ish sy
stem
Tak
e p hospa te of soda 9parts
a
re: 1 0 gram s equal 154.32 grains
, 175
N
itrate o f a mmonia 6parts
C
.C . equal 5.9 f l
uid ounces, and 2 0 c
.c
.
D
iluted n itric ac
id 4parts
e
quals 7f l
u
id o unces.
Place the w ate
r t o b e f
rozen in as mall
d
i
sh ( a
bou t 3i n
ches d iameter) and put the
d
i
sh i n al arge one, t o hold the f r
eez
ing
m
ixtur e
. I tw i
ll requir e f
rom 2t o 4t imes FREEZ
ING M
IXTURES
.
a
s m uch o f the chem ical as of th
e i c
e d e
-
When ice o
r s
now are n
ot tobe had a nd
s
i
red. H enc e
, if18 p ounds ofi c
e isw anted
f
o
r th
ose o f u
s who do n
ot have an up-to-
i
twi l
l require about 1 8 par
ts ofs o
da, 12 of
d
a
te l
aboratory th
at isp
rovided w
ith a g
en -
ammon ia and 8 o f nitric ac
id. The o uter
c
i
es o
fc oo
ling p
ow er
, Iam sure t
he fo
llow -
v
ess
e l sh
ould b e in
sulated b yw rapping itin
i
n
gm ixtureswil
l prove m
ost co
nven
ient.
aw et b l
ank et or pap er. Th e w at
er a nd
u
tensil
s s h
ou ld be m ade asc old as poss
ible 1
. Nitrat o
f ammon
ia, c
a
rbonat o
f s
oda
b
yf ir
st imm ers
ing t h
em i nthe co
ldest water a
nd wa
ter
, equal p
ar
ts b
y we
ight
; th
e th
er-
a
vai
lab le
. m
ometer s
inks 5
7 0.
Th
is isre
ally a v
ery ch
eap m ethod of 2
. P hospha
te of soda, 9p
a r
ts, n
it
rat o
f
m
aking ic
e
, as th
e chemica
l m ay be us
ed a
mmon ia
, 6p art
s; dilute n
i
tric ac
id (ac
id
t
ime and a
ga
in by mere
ly evapora
ting the 1par
t, w a
ter 2p art
s), 4p art
s. R educ
es/
w
ater
. t
h
e temperature fr
om 5 0° t
o2 10.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 1
11

3. Sa
l-ammon iac
, 5p ar
ts; ni
trat ofpot- I
fn ow w e pl
ace ap iec
e ofi c
e on t
he top
a
sh, 5p ar
ts; sulphate of soda
, 8p arts; o
f the fl
ask, the vapo r or st
eam w il
l b e
wat
er, 1
6 parts
. R educ
es the temperature c
ondensed
, av acuum w i
ll be formed a nd
4
6° orfr
om 7 00 to24°. Th i
sl a
tter isve
ry t
he water wil
l c omm ence to bo
il vi
olently
c
heap a
nd eas
ily p
rocured
. a
nd will cont
inue t o do so unt
il th
e t em-
p
era
ture of the w a
ter i nthe fl
a
sk fa
lls b e
-
I
f you hav
e ic
e and wi
sh t
o r
e
duce t
h
e
l
ow tha
t atw h
ich w a
t er bo
ils i
n avacuum .
t
emperatur
es t
i
ll f
ur
ther
, us
e t
h
e f
o
llow
ing
:
I
f th
e ic
e be r
emoved b e
for
e thi
s occurs
,
1
. F
ine
ly p
ounded ic
e
, 2parts
; s a
lt
, 1
t
h
e v apor wil
l aga
in f orm, pr
ess on the
p
art
. Thi
s i
s av ery c
ommon recip
e.
w
ate
r a nd s
top t
he bo
il
ing ; b
ut th
e boi
ling
2
. F
ine
ly p
ounded i
ce
, 2par
ts; cry
stal
- m
ay be ren
ew ed b
y repla
cing th
e ic
e.
l
i
zed c
h
lor
id o
f ca
lcium
, 3p a
rts
.
3
. F inely pounded i c
e
, 7p ar
ts; d
ilut
e
n
i
t r
ic ac
id, 4p ar
ts. Th is r
educes t
he tem
-
p
eratur
e from 3 2° to 30°. The t empera
-
t
u
r es g
iven are Fahrenh
eit. T he mate
rial
s
s
h
ou ld be kep
t asc o
ol asp o
ssib
le.

"
CHEM
ICAL SNO W
."

Two p
arts S
trontium N i
trat ar
e fi
rst d
is
-
s
o
lved i
n 2 0 parts of water
. D is
solve 2
p
ar
ts S
odium C arbonat in10 par
ts ofw a
ter
(
heat m
ay h av
e t o be u
sed to di
sso
lve it
). I
f You Have Never Boiled W ater With Ice
, Here
P
ourthesecond so
lution in
to th
e fi
rs
t. The I
s Your Chance! Next They Wil l Make I
ce-Crea m
on t
he Gas-Range .
r
e
sult r
e
s embles am in
iature snow s t
orm.
S
odium C a
rbona
t a
nd S t
ront
ium Nitrat I
n pe
rforming t
his e
xpe
rimen
t, i
tisw
ell
r
e
act
, f orm
ing Sod
ium Ni t
rat and S
tron- t
o wrap the ic
e in fl
annel t
o a
vo
id the
t
i
um C a
rbonat
. The la
tter i
sn ot s
o
luble d
r
ipping of t
he me
lted i
ce
.
i
n water
.

BO
ILING W ATER WITH I
CE.
HO W TO MAKE
, USE AND TEST COAL
Th
is isan ol
d, t
h
ough v
ery c
ur
iou
s a nd
i
n
tere
sting e
xper
imen
t, c
a
lcu
lat
ed t
om ys
tify GAS
.
t
h
e uninit
iat
ed. A t e
st tube i sh alf fi
ll
ed w ith ground
O
btain aF lorence fl
ask or glass di
sti
lling s
o
f t coa
l, pa
ck ed loose
ly. Th e t
ube isheated
r
e
to rt and f i
l
l ith al
f f u
ll of w ate
r. B oil a
nd t h
e g as a low ed t o pass through a
t
hew ater, and imm edia
t e
ly on r emoving t he b
ott
le f i
l
led with a i
r. A nything lef
t int h
is
f
l
am e, cork t he fl
ask t i
ghtly, and t urn i t b
ottle will be c o
al t a
r. T he g a
s ist hen
u
pside d own. A s soon a s the s t
eam c on- p
assed through l ime w a
ter. I fa ny carbon
d
enses i twill form a p art
ial v acuum o v er d
ioxid i spres
en t
, t he lime w a
ter w i
ll b e
-
t
he w ater. I t isw ell k nown t hat wa ter c
om e m i
lky. The g as i s th
en p assed
b
oi
l s i
n av acuum a t am uch l ower tempe ra- t
hrough t he last ja
r c on
taining r e
d li
tmu s
t
ure than i sr e
quired i n the open a i
r
, a nd s
o
lu tion
. T his w i
ll turn blue int he pres
-
c
onsequen t
ly, ift he vacuum c ould be k ept e
nce o f ammon ia
.
u
p, the w ater would b o
il l o
ng a fter i
tw as
r
emov ed f r
om t he source o f heat. B ut a s F
rom th
e la
st bo
ttle
, th
e gas may b
e a
l
-
s
oon ass t
eam i sf o
rm ed
, i texerts ap r
essur e l
owed t
ofl
ow through arubbe
r tube i
nth
e
o
n t he w a
te r a
nd s t
ops t he boil
ing. e
nd of w
hich is aburner
. T he g
as w
il
l
1
12 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

b
urn with ay
el
low f
l
ame
. U s
ing a6
"x t
ungsten wire must t
hen b er emoved. C a re
t
e
st tube, th
is f
l
ame wil
l g i
ve a
b t 1 s
ou hould b e ta
ken t o keep t he openings a t
c
and
le-power
. t
h
e b ottom assmall a
sp o s
sibl
e. I ft h
e bulb
i
sn ow f i
ll
ed w i
th w at er and q ui
ckly i n
-
v
e
r t
ed, t h
e w a
ter wil
l n ot fl
ow o ut but b y
s
l
ightly ti
lt
ing it
, the w ater wil
l com e o ut
d
rop b y drop
. Th is m akes av ery g ood
d
ropp e
r f o
r use i n chem ica
l e xpe
rim ents.
I
f ar ubb
er tube isa t
ta ched as in Fig. 2
t
h
e d ropper may be us
ed o n any re
ceptacle.

HOME
-MADE GAS GENERATOR
.
A n
ea
t and ef
ic
ient hyd
rogen ga
s gen
-
W e Should Care No w If "
It Goes t
ip!" W e Wil
l
Make Our Own Gas a nd Laugh a
t the e
r
ator f
r
om w h
ich asupp
ly of g
as i
sav
ail
-
Consol
idated: a
b
le at any moment
, can be ve
ry ea
si
ly

DROPPER FROM OLD LAMP BULBS

. T
b
i
:si
/e T
ube
Ihave found a v e
ry good u s
e t o wh
ich R
ubber c
ore
s
o
ld w orn o u
t e l
ect
ric bulbs ca n be put.
F
irst, th
e solder i smelted fr
om e nd of the
b
ase and t h
e s mal
l di
sc isremov ed. N ow ,
b
y u s
ing a l ittle pr
essure
, t he ent
ire base
may b e remov ed. T hen, with a p i
ece of
h
eavy w ire o r an a
il
, t h
e g la
ss p o
st o n
which t h
e t u ngsten fi
lament i s at
tached,
c
an b e brok en. The g l
ass p i
eces a nd

A Handy Gas Generator Made f ro m Odd Parts

Found About t he W ork
-shop.

m
ade o
f aw ide mouth b
ott
le, ate
st t
u
be,
t
wo (pr
eferably ru
bber) c o
rks
, ag l
ass
t
h
ist
le t
ube and awire p
in
ch cock
.
The bo
ttom of at e
st tu
be ish
eat
ed and
d
rawn t o apoin
t, th
e po
int isth
en nick
ed
o
f with a fi
le l
eav
ing ah ole l
a
rge en
ough
t
o loo
sely admit t
he lower end o
f al o
ng
t
h
ist
le t u
be.
The t
h
ist
le tu
be and a d
e
liv
ery tu
be a r
e
The Burned Out Bu
lb i
n t
he Laboratory
.
p
l
aced in atwo-ho
le st
opper a
nd in
serted
Cheap and Eff
icient Dropper! i
n the t
e
st tu
be. T he end o
f th
e t h
is
tle
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Chem
ica
l). 1
13

t
u
b e s
hould pro
trud
e fr
om t he t
e
st t
u
be SOLUB
ILITY OF GAS PRODUCES

a
bout o
ne qua
rter o
f a
n in
ch. FASC
INAT
ING E
FFECTS
.

The te
st tu
be ist
hen mounted i
n ala
rge A very int
er es
ting chemical exp
erim ent
s
i
ngle hol
e st
opper a
nd pl
a c
ed in
to t
he n
eck c
an b
ep erformed w ith t
hea ppara
tus sh
own
o
f aw ide mouth bo
ttl
e. A f
ter s
l
ipp
ing a i
n th
e i l
ustrat
ion. A p er
f e
ctly dry Flor-
p
i
ece o f ru
bber tub
ing o ver t
he de
liv
ery e
nce f
la
sk i sused for th
e upp er v
es
sel
. I t
t
ube
, t h
e appara
tus isready for u
se
. i
sfi
ll
ed w ith h ydrogen ch
lorid gas
, w hich
P
lace l
ump s ofzi
nc tobe a
cted upon by
t
he ac
id into th
e te
st tu
be asshown. N ow
p
our t he di
luted su
lphuric a
cid ( 4 pa
rts
w
a ter
, 1p art a
c
id) in
to the t
h
ist
le tubeun-
t
i
l i tisfu
ll. T he ac
id wil
l s
oon reach t
he
z
inc and react w
ith it
,giv
ing as t
eady s
up-
p
lyo fgas
.
B
yc l
os
ing t
her ubbe
rt u
bing wi
th apinch
c
o
ck the p
re
ssure of t
he ga
s inthe in
ter
ior
w
i
ll fo
rce t
he a
cid up t
he t
hi
stle t
ube
, cau
s-
i
n
g the c
hem
ical ac
tion t
os t
op.

A CHEM
ICAL S
IPHON
.
The Modern Heron Founta
in. A Myster
ious Tr
ick
Thi
s wi
ll be espec
ially us
eful toe l
ectro- o
f Fasc
inat
ing Ef
fects
.
c
hemis
ts for s i
phoning o ff li
quids f rom
g
rav
ity b
atte
ries
, e t
c. I ti sea
si
ly m ade b y i
sprepared by h
eat
ing am ixture of moi
st-
h
eat
ing a gl
ass tube ti
ll sof
t and d rawing e
n
ed c ommon s al
t ( sod
ium c hlo
rid) a nd
i
tout un
til of qu
ite small diamete
r a t the s
ul
fu r
ic acid
. The ga
s isco
llect
ed by down-
b
end; itisbent ass h
own i ns k
etch ( a
id ed w
ard d i
splacem
ent asi tish
e av
ier th
an air
.
b
y us
ing a fi
sh ta
i l b
urner.) Thi
s f l
ask i
sco
nnected b
y m ean
s o f a
g
l
ass t ube to asim
ila
r vesse
l, w hich is
n
early fi
ll
ed wi
th a blue l
i
tmu s solut
ion.
T
h i
s solut
ion i
smade by d
is
solving av ery
s
mal
l q uant
i ty of t
he bl
ue li
tmu s dye in
w
ater. T he e nd o
f t
he tub
e, o
p en
ing i n
to
t
he upper fl
ask i
sdrawn out
, s
oa stom ake
arather fine je
t. A l
l t h
e stopper
s a re
S
i mp
ly Bend a Piece o
f G lass and Presto! That f
i
t
ted t i
ght
ly
Much Desired Siphon Is Ready .
By b l
ow ing into the o p
en t ube of the
I
ts pr
inc
iple of op
era t
ion i sthe "r
am" l
ower v e
s s
el, afew d r
ops o f th
e li
quid a r
e
a
c
tion. I mm er
sing it
, ke eping one fi
nger f
o
r ced into the u
pp e
r fl
ask. T he hydrogen
c
l
osed over o
ne end, and l ower ithor
izon- c
h
lo rid a tonce dis
solves
, t hus dim
inishing
t
a
lly in
to th
e sha
llow liqu
id . Remov e f
i
nger t
he p re
ssure i n
s
ide t he vesse
l. T he b l
ue
a
nd li
quid wil
l rush into tu b
e, it
s ve
loci
ty s
o
lu tion t h
en form s af ountain at the je
t
b
e
ing s uf
ic
ient to ca
rry i tu p th
e narrow a
nd c ont
inu es t
od o so
, until almos
t al t h
e
p
ort
ion m a
rked N , a
nd o ver t h
e bend
. c
hlorid i sused up. T his gas has al
so t h
e
1
14 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

p
roperty o
f chang
ing b l
ue li
tmus t o r
ed, Ioverc
am e th
is d
if
icul
ty by bend
ing t
he
h
ence asso
on ast h
e so
lut
ion comes incon- t
u
be s oastoform acompl
ete l
oop ini
t
,of
t
ac
tw ith i
t
,t h
e co
lor i
schang
ed imm edia
te- a
bou
t t h
ree
-four
ths o
f an in
ch. O ne c
an
l
y
, t hus p
r
esent
ing a very myst
erious ap-
p
earance t
o an ov
ice
.

EXPLOS
IVE GAS APPARATUS
.

Having o ccas
ion t o m ake h yd rogen gas
t
o explode i n ag as cannon , It hought of
t
h
e f o
llowing i dea: Isecur ed a n old show-
c
a
se b ulb and b roke t
he t ip of
f. A fter re
- D
iv
-P
7Derei
l
h l
o
op a
sow ed f
or /W ee e
m
oving t he f i
l
am ent ( B), If used a p i
ece
o
f gl
a ss tubing o n th
e b ulb, a s s h
own a t P
lace Your F
inger In t
he Loop o
f This Improved
P
ipet
te and I
t S
i mp
ly Can'
t Sl
ip f
ro m Your Grasp
.
(A
). Th en If il
led t
he b ulb h a
lf f u
ll o
fa
s
u
lfuric a cid s olut
ion
, s c
rew ed i t i
n a
s
l
ip afi
ngerth
rough t
hi
sl oop a
nd a
l d
anger
s
o
cket, and c l
amped t h
ew ho le on the st
and,
a
sinF ig
. 2. B y runn
ing ap iece o frubber o
f i
ts sl
ipp
ing isel
iminated
. T he sk
etch
t
ub
ing f rom t he tube t
ot he cannon , Iw as r
e
presen
ts t h
e i mpr
ov ed d r
opp
er m ore
a
b
le t o get ag ood explosion. C are must c
l
ear
ly.

HO W TO MAKE A CHEM
ICAL BALANCE
.

The acc
ompanying photo ilus
trat
es a
c
h
em ical b
a
lance e
as
ily co
nstru
cted
. Wh i
fe
n
ot being e
xt
remely ac
curate itnev
erth
e-
l
e
ss w
ill measure quan t
it
ies t
othe d
egree of
a
c
curacy gen era
lly d emanded in an a ma
-
t
e
ur'
ss hop orl a
borato ry
. Iti sn
ot dif
icul
t
t
o c
onstruc
t a nd ordinary ca
re b
eing used
,
i
tcan be made t ow eigh wi
thin agram.
The i lustration i ss elf-explana tory, b u
t
afew w o
rd s m ay n ot b e a m
iss
. T o make
i
t
,f i
rst obtain at e
lephon e r ingers et ast ha
t
f
?.
.9
.2
s
h
own i nf i
gu re
. I ti sn ot n ec
essary t op ur
-
Exp
los
ive Gas Experi men
tal Apparatus C
on-
s
tructed o
f S
ho w
-case La mp w
ith Tube Fused c
ha
se ab r
and n ew o ne, b ut g o t o some
o
n T
ip End
. e
l
ectric or t e
lephone r e
pa ir s h
op w here you
m
ay s e
cur e ar ing er for l e
ss than f i
fty cent
s
b
e t
aken n
o
t t
o d
i
stu
rb t
h
e p
l
atinum t
e
r-
o
r even f or n o
th ing, p ossibly. P roceed t o
m
ina
ls
.
r
e
arrang et hed if erentp iec e
ss oa st oa ppear
,
a
f
ter a dding o ther p arts
, l i
ke t hat s h
own
AN I
MPROVED P
IPETTE
. b
e
low . On t he a rma tur e, s o
lder o r bol
t
I
n c h
em ica
l l a
bora
torie
s t h
e m o
st com- ast
rip o fm e
tal, p ref
erab ly a luminum ,
monly us
ed d ropper co
nsis
ts of as t
ra
ight x7" a nd o n t h
e e nds o f thi
s " beam" a t
-
g
las
s tube
. H owever
, ift h
e tube o
r one
's t
a
ch t wo c i
rcular 4 " p an s
. B e
low o ne o f
h
and s a
re wet
, the dr
opper ishard toho
ld. t
h
e p an s place ar ight a ngle s t
rip a nd a d
-
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Chem
ica
l). 1
15

j
ust
ing sc
rew, i
norder to b
e ab
le to make s
eparate c up. P our a v ery l i
ttle b o
iling
p
ans b
alance
. Back o
fthe in
strumen
t, af
ter water f rom t he t eak ettle i n
to e ach a nd i n
f
i
xing on b
ase
, p
l
ace ast
r
ip for a
n in
dica
tor. a
bou t t wo m inu t
e s f i
ll w ith b oiling w ater
.
A
f t
er t hey h ave s tood h a l
f a n h ou r t oc ool
,
p
our e ach i nto as epa rat e glas
s t umb le r and
s
e
t a s
ide t or est
. The b aking p owde rs t ha
t
a
re p ur e a nd f ree f rom s t
uf f
ing w ill be
c
omp letely d i
ssolv ed a nd t he w ater w ill be
a
s c l
ea r a s c rysta l. The c loud ines s a nd
p
recipitate a tt he b ot tom o ft he i mpu re o ne
s
w
ill tell the a moun t o f a dultera tion a nd o f
i
mpu rity. The t umb le r w ith i t
ss o
lu tion a s
c
l
ea r a scr ystal c on tain s p ure c ream o f tar
-
t
ar and n o a dulteran ts. The t umb l
e rs c on
-
t
a
ining t urbid s o
lu tion s a nd y ielding s mal
l
p
recipitates c ontain l i
ttle c r
eam o f t a
rtar
b
ut p hospha te so fc alcium a nd s tuff
ing . The
t
umb le rs c ontaining v e ry t urbid s olu t
ions
a
nd y i
elding h eavy p recipitates c ontain n o
c
r
eam o f t ar
tar, w ha tso ever, b ut p len ty o f
a
lum a nd s tuff
ing.
Bak
ing powders containing pure cream
Every Experi menter Needs a Sma l
l Balance T
or
Weighing Che micals On. Here's One Made fro m o
f tar
tar a
re re
cognized t o be t
he bes
t by
a Telephone Binger
Pans
Fra me F
and a S
itted With a S
cale
.
et of e
xpert
s w h
ile th
ose containing phosphat
es
a
nd alum are r
egarded tob e unwholesome
F
in
ished w ith shel
lac, t
hi
s i n
strument a
nd detr
imenta
l too ur s
tomach s
.
w
i
l l make a neat l
ooking a
nd us
eful li
t
tle
p
i
ece of apparatus fo
r chem
ical or pho
to-
g
raph
ic w ork
.
EXPER
IMENT HO W TO MAKE GAS
.

Take some hard coal and g r

ind i tup
S
I MPLE TESTS FOR LEAVEN
ING
f
i
ne. P u
t iti nth
e bowl of aclay pi
pe and
CAPAC
ITY AND PUR
ITY OF
p
ut some pla
ster of Par
is over the top to
BAK
ING PO WDERS
.
s
e
al it
. Th en put the bowl o f the pi
pe
To ascerta
in t he l e
avening capac
ity, pl
ace o
ver or i
n the fl
ame of the ga
s stove
. I n
a
s m any g lass tumb l
ers i n ar ow a s you af ew mom ents th
e g a
s w i
ll b e coming
h
ave baking p owd ers t ote
st. Mea sure ha
lf
o
ut of t
he stem of th
e p i
pe and t h
e same
atea
spoon ful o f e ach baking p owd er in
to
atumb l
er b y its
elf, a nd fi
l
l t wo-
thirds fu
ll c
an b
e l
i
ght
ed.
o
f cl
ear, c o
ld w ater. S et th
e t umblers be
-
t
ween y our sel
f a nd t he l i
ght, o bs
erving
wh
ich t hrows o f
f t he la
rger a mount of ti
ny A DOUBLE F
LAME LABORATORY B
LO W
g
as bubbl e
s. The o ne that lib
erates the
se
TORCH
.
i
n th e g rea
t e
st a bundanc e
, p osse
sses t h
e
h
ighe
s t l eavening p ow er, a s these t i
ny While work
ing i n ala
boratory la
st win-
g
lobules developing i n the dough, cause it t
e
r If r
equently needed a b low torch f o
r
t
o ri
se and b ecom e l i
ght. w
elding purpos e
s, but as there w a
s n one
i
n the l
abora
to ry equipment Is t
ruck u pon
T
o t
es
t fo
r pur
ity p
lace a
smany t
e
acup
s
i
n arow as y
ou have bak
ing p
owder
s to anovel means o f making th
e d e
sir
ed hea t
.
t
e
st
. D eal atea
spoonfu
l of e
a
ch in
to i
t
s Iat
tached am outh b l
ow pipe to ag a
s j e
t
1
16 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

b
y m
ean
s o
f ar
ubb
er t
u
be a
nd
, t
u
rning A p
iec
e o
f a
s
bes
tos shou
ld be p
ro
cur
ed
o
n t
h
e g
a
s, h
e
ld t
h
e b
l
ow p
i
pe i
nth
e f
l
ame (
apie
ce ofa
n o
l
d asb
esto
s sh
ing
le w
il
l d
o)
o
f a B
uns
en b
urne
r. The g
a
s c
oming a
bout o
ne i
n
ch i
n diam
ete
r with a h
o
le
t
h
rough t
h
e b
l
ow p
i
pe h
ad t
h
e d
e
sir
ed e
f
- b
o
r ed t
h
ru t
he c
e
nter t
o adm
it th
e t
ube
.
f
e
ct u
pon t
h
e B
uns
en f
l
ame
, p
roduc
ing a
s
g
r
eat o
r g
r
eat
er h
ea
t t
h
an t
h
e a
verag
e
b
l
ow t
o
rch
.

U
seful A
lcoho
l Torch
.

The w
ick
, wh
ich may b
efl
at
, sh
ould b
e run
u
p th
rough t
he t
ube to t
h
e des
ired h
eight
.
Wood al
coho
l should b
e us
ed a s f
u
e l as
i
tgi
ves i
n
ten
se h
ea
t a
nd l
i
t
tle s
mok
e.

HANDY POCKET LA MP
.

F
irst ob
tain aw o
rn o u
t m eta
l m agazine
A Doub
le F
la me Laboratory B
lo w Xorch
.
p
enci
l and r emove th
e center. Next secure
a
bout 6" o f yarn and s oak iti n melted
p
araff
ine
, t ake it out and l e
t it becom e
A HANDY S
PIR
IT LA MP
. t
horoly dry. P ut it in the penc
il c ase
,
a
low ing about t
o p
ro t
rude from t he
A
ll t
h
at i
sne
eded t
o m
ake t
h
is u
s
efu
l
e
nd. When l i
ght
ed t h
is wil
l burn st
eadily
l
i
t
tle s
p
iri
t l
amp a
r
e: A
n o
l
d i
n
k o
r m
uci
-
l
a
ge b
o
ttl
e, aw
ood
en c
o
rk, as
mal
l t
ube
, a
p
i
ece o
f a
s
bes
tos a
nd a
n o
l
d l
amp w
ick
.

T
he c
o
rk s
h
ould b
e m
ade o
f h
ard w
ood
a
nd a
s s
e
en i
n t
h
e d
i
agr
am s
h
ould h
ave a Pocket La mp Macle Fro m Magazine Penc
il and
h
o
le b
ored t
h
rough i
t
s c
en
ter
. Th
ru t
h
is So me Cotton Wick
.

ap
i
ece o
f m
eta
l t
ub
ing a
bou
t i
n
che
s
f
or at l
e
ast fi
ve m
inu
tes
. Wh en it h
a
s
l
o
ng i
sin
ser
ted
. The
re s
h
ould b
e an
o
tch b
urned o
ut
, cut of t
h
e end a
nd p
ul
l ou
t
c
u
t i
nth
e s
i
de o
fth
e c
o
rk t
oadm
it a
i
r
. a
bout mo
re.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
17

RELAT
ING TO THE SOLDER
ING I
RON
. t
he heat in
. As ma
ll t i
n funnel isp ut on
t
he ins
ide a nd the spout arranged t o st
ick
B
y dri
lling ah o
le i
nt h
e si
de of aso
lder- o
ut u nderneath. S
om e rubb er tubing is
i
ng ir
on a nd fi
l
ling itwith so
lder
, sp
lices c
onnected t o thi
s a nd t h
enc e to a n old
o
f t
he open-end st
yle m
ay be so
ldered wi
th g
asol
ine t ank u nder t he table through a
s
t
op c ock to re
gulate t h
e fl
ow o f ai
r. Th e
o
ther end of the t a
nk i sfi
tted w i
th a t i
re

p
m"
J
o/d
er /
f
o/e v
alve and an ordinary t i
re pump c onnect
ed

m
e
m
o
ymm e w
u
p a
u
s
s s
ed i
h
n t
own
hi
. C
s furna
ha
ce
r
.
coal or c o
ke m ay be

pen
.t-
tes e
ie HO W TO CHANGE THE TONE OF ANY
GONG
.
A T
i me
-Sav
ing Rink f
or Rap
idly S
older
ing
Tw
isted Wire Joints
. A Solder Well I
s For med Take t
he o
rd
inary gong a
nd cut ad
eep
by Dri
lling a Hole in the Copper
. g
roove o
r asl
ot i
ni twith ahack s
aw a
nd
i
ti mmed
iat
ely c
hange
s t h
e t
one to ac
ow-
much be
tter re
sult
s than b y u
s
ing the ti
p of b
e
ll.
t
hei r
on. Th ei r
on isheated u
ntilthe s
older
i
n the ho
le m el
ts, th
en t he sp
lice
, alr
eady
c
overed wi
th paste
, isp u
shed into it
. Th is A GASOL
INE TORCH FOR THE
m
ak es avery we
ll so
ldered jo
int. The h ole EXPER
IMENTER
.
s
h
ou ld be about 74"x5/8"
. A v ery h andy g a
soline t or
ch f or the e x
-
p
erim en t er's l abora tory c an b e s uccess
fully
a
nd e asily b uilt
. Th is t orch w il
l d evelop
ac onside rab le a moun t o f h ea t
, w h
ich i s
A SMALL FORGE FOR THE AMATEUR
. f
requen tly n eeded f or c er
tain e xperim ents
.
The con
struc
tion o
f as ma
ll f
org
e for The b urner i sm ade f rom a p iece o f bra
ss
t
h
e a ma
teur isv
ery s
imp
le. An o
ld g
ran
ite t
ub e
, A , a si lu strated i ni lustration. Th is
s
hould b e7 2 inch i ndiam eter and 27 > i n
ch e
s
l
ong, p lugg ed u p a t b oth e nds, o ne e nd
- Asbestos
b
eing d rilled a nd r eam ed o ut t o 5-16 i n
ch.
.Concrete
-
Thr ee r ow s o f h ol e
s 1 -
16 i nch i n diam e
ter
Burner .
.
.. a
re n ext d rilled i n t he t u
be a s d epict
ed.
•I
MI
IF
' One r ow i sd rilled t oc ome d ir
ec t
ly o n t o
p
»!Zé
l
.1"
fte
e4f
f 5L
I r
a
nd t he o ther t wo a t abou t 4 50 f rom t h
e
I
fose
v
er t
ica l
. I t ist hen f i
t
ted t o as h
e et stee
l
l
ire Pu mp
b
ase, B , b y m ean s o f t he c l
ips, C , C .

1
1
1
11
1
11
11
1.
Tire
V
olve •
A p ie
c e o f v3- inch c opp er pip e
, P , i snext
c
oiled a round t he b r
ass t ube, A , t o fo
rm
Ar T
ank t
he v apor izing c o
il. Th i s co
il s hould h ave
ad iam e
t er o f a bout 1i n
ch. One e nd o f
Hero I
s a W ay to Malce a Handy Forge f
or
A ma
teur Shop-work
, t
he c oppe r t ube i sbent a round s o i t vill
p
oin t d ir ectly i n
to t he r e
am ed o ut h o
le i n
b
as
in f
r
om t h
e si
nk isfi
l
led wi
th c
ern
ent t
he e nd o ft he b rass tube
, A . An ipple, N,
a
nd ah
ole l
e
ft f
o
r th
e fi
r
e box
. While th
e i
sm ade b y drilling a h
ole h alf way
c
onc
ret
e i ss
t
i
ll damp a s
h
eet o
f as
bes
tos th
rough a p ie
c e o f brass, topped t o fit th
e
i
sla
id ar
ound t
h
e ins
ide
. T h
is i
sto k
eep Vs-inch h ole. A 1 -64-inch h ole i s t h
en
1
18 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

d
r
ill
ed t h
rough th
e remain
ing par
t of t
h
e Take ap in or mat
ch, a
nd dr
aw ac han
-
n
i
pple. T he ot
her e
nd of th
e co
pper t
ub
e n
e
l o u
t tot he e
dge ofthe m
outh ofthe in
k
i
sconnec
ted to t
he s
upp
ly tank
. b
o
t t
le, wi
th t h
e ink. T he i
nk wi
ll fo
llow
t
h
is channel
, and run in
to t
h
e founta
in pen
,
The di
stance between the n
ipp
le. N, and w
ithout sp
ill
ing a drop.
t
h
e end o fthe tube
, A, sh
ould beo nly 5
-16
i
n
ch. T he supply ta
nk c an b
e m ade from
USE FOR AN ATOM IZER.
abrass tube 3i n
ches in di
am eter and 6
i
n
ches l o
ng, wi th th
e ends seal
ed b y sol
- An at
om izer is ahandy appl
iance tofur
-
d
er
ing o n two end pi
ece
s of th
e sam e mat- n
e i
sh ad raft of a
ir when drying pr
ecip
itat
es
r
i
al
. A s mal
l c ock is provid
ed , w ich o
h re v
aporating so
lvents li
ke eth
er or c
hlo
ro-
i
sdir
ectly connect
ed tot h
e tor
ch. As mal f
l o
rm . The d ry
ing ofp rec
ipita
tes and c
rys
-
t
a
ls can b e
st be carr
ied out w hen same is
p
l
aced o n ab l
otter to help a b
sorb the
l
i
quid.

MACH
INE O
IL.

A g
ood formula f
or li
ght m a
chine o
i
l is
s
ubmi
tted he
rewith
. Ihave never f
ound t
hi
s
o
i
l tog um. M ix 2 oz
. s we
et or ol
ive o
i
l
w
ith 1 7
2 oz
. kero
sene or coal oi
l
. Th en
a
dd 12 dr
ops o
il o
fcit
ronella
.

A Ho me
- Made Gasol
ine Torch
. S
PIR
IT LAMP FRO M FAN GREASE
-CUP
.

A n
ovel bu
t e f
ic
ient sp
ir
it l
amp can b
e
h
ole ism ade o n t he top o f t he tank t o m ade f
rom a fa
n g r
ease
-cup when c
l
eaned
a
low a i
r e ntering t he interior, in ord er and fi
l
led w
ith al
cohol and aw
ick i
ns
erted
.
t
o forc
e t he gasoline to the b urner. C are
s
hould be t aken i n handling t h
e g a
soline,
a
si tisvery i nf
lammab le. I tw il
l be found
t
hat the torch w ill pr
oduc e ah ott
er f l
am e
when the c opper c o
il isq uite h o
t; t h
is i s
d
ue t o the fact t ha
t t h
e g asoline ism ore
r
eadi
ly v aporized a nd c ons
equ en t
ly a b e
t-
t
e
r m ixture isp roduced.

I
n o
rder to s
ta
rt t h
is devic
e v apo
rizing
i
tisne
cessa
ry at f
ir
st tow a
rm t he coi
l by
m
eans o
f am at
ch, or with al i
tt
le gasol
ine
i
g
nit
ed under t
he w orm.

F
ILL
ING THE FOUNTA
IN PEN WITHOUT
S
i mply Fil
l a Fan Grease Cup w
ith W ood Alcohol
,
DROPPER
. I
nsert a Wick i n the Hole, and You l lave a
S
erviceable L
ittle S
pir
it La mp f
or L
ight So
lder ing
.
Of
tent
im es aperson fi
nds a
n o
cca
sion to
I
twil
l b
urn f
o
r one h
our
. Th is l
amp ca
n
f
i
l
l af ounta
in pen
, b u
t h e h
as n
o dropp
er b
e us
ed fo
r numerou
s purpo
ses
, such as
h
andy. S o he
re is alit
tle t
r
ick t
o try o
n r
emov
ing e
name
l from e
nameled w
ires
, et
y
our fo
untain pen
. c
e
tera
.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
19

As mall b
rass tu
be c an be e
as
ily so
lder ed It
h
en d
r
il
led ah
o
le i
nth
e q
uar
ter i
n
ch
t
o the cup for th
e p urpose of pr
oviding a
p
i
pe a
nd b
ent i
tas s
h
own i
n d
raw
ing a
nd
b
las
t o f ai
r a nd a s i
de-wise concent
rated
f
l
am e tip
, b y blowing t hrough t he tube. s
e
t t
h
e o
t
her p
i
pe i
n
to i
t
. Th
e h
and
le i
sof
The upper end of the tu
be m ust be c
losed, o
ak w
ith t
h
e e
dge
s r
ounded a
nd t
wo h
o
les
a
nd at i
ny hole dr
illed ini t—about N o
. 6 4
d
r
ill
. d
r
ill
ed t
h
rough i
tto f
i
t e
a
ch p
i
pe. The
a
i
r a
nd g
a
s s
upp
ly c
ome t
h
rough r
ubb
er
h
o
ses
. A v
e
ry g
ood a
i
r c
omp
res
sor i
s
A HOME
-MADE BLO W TORCH
.

A good blow t o
rch fo
r the p urpose of
s
o
lder
ing w ire jo
ints and num erous other
t
h
ings m ay be made asfo
llows: O bta
in a n
o
i
l can s im
ilar to th
e one s h
own i n the
s
k
etch w i
th a rather l
ong sp
out. C ut the
s
p
out o f
f about hal
f an in
ch from t he top
o
f th
e c an
. N ext cu
rve ita s shown a nd
a
t
tach t o the la
rger end a s mall rubber
t
ub
ing about 1Y2 fe
et l
ong
. So
ld er th
e spout

To Make Th
is Gas B
lo w Torch You Wil
l Requ
ire
a B
icyc
le o
r O
ther Smal
l Pu mp
, a 1t
o 5 Ga
llon
Can
, and Two Lengths o
f Rubber Tub
ing t
o Lead
t
he Gas and C
o mprest A
ir t
o t
he Torch Hand
le.

m
ade o
ut o
f ab
i
cyc
le p
ump a
nd a o
ne
g
a
llon c
an; t
h
e g
a
s m
ay b
e t
a
ken f
r
om t
h
e
g
a
s s
e
rvic
e p
i
pes o
r f
r
om a c
a
rbid g
en
-
B
lo w Torch Made f
ro m O
il Can
. e
r
ato
r.

t
o th
e s i
de of th
e c a
n a nd p
inch the smal
l
e
nd of ittogethe
r at r
i
fle, i
no rd
er tog i
ve BUNSEN BURNER .
abe
tter dra
ft. P lace aw i
ck inthe ca
n and
A
n ol
d ga
s burner
, the kind th
at isused
s
ome alcoho
l. Wh en us
ing, li
ght th
e wick
a
nd blow int he tu
be, w h
ich wi
ll pr
oduc e a w
ith aman
tle
, and which can be pur
chased
v
ery hot fl
ame. f
o
r afew cent
s isprocured
. I t isben
t in
t
h
e s
h
ape d
ep
ict
ed i
n t
h
e i
lu
stra
tion
. B
y
A HOME
-MADE GAS TORCH
. w
rapp
ing s
ome h
eavy w
ire a
r
ound t
h
e t
ub
e
H
ere isde
scr
ibed how to make ag as i
tca
n b
e m
ade t
ost
and i
nan u
pr
igh
t p
o
si-
t
o
rch
. F ir
st two pi
pes a
re p
rocu
r ed
, o ne
t
i
on. Th
is b
ur
lie
r w
i
ll t
a
ke t
h
e p
l
ace o
f
3
/16 a
nd o
ne i
n
ch indi
amet
er and ab
ou t
8in
ches l
ong
. t
h
ose c
o
sting 5
0 c
e
nts o
r m
ore
.
1
20 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

As imple H ygrome ter, w hich c ould f ore-

t
e
ll t he a ppr oach o f a r a
in s i
xteen t o
t
wen ty-four h ours i na dvanc e w ill c om e in
q
u
i te h andy . A d e
scription o f the i n
stru-
m
en tf ollow s: R eferring t os ketch: S ,S 'a nd
S
" f orm aw ood en s upport. ( The e xpe r
i-
m
en ter c an c o n
st ruct t h
is t o suit h imsel f
,
s
om e pre f
er r
ing t om ak e am ore fa ncy o ne
t
han o thers
,) W, i s as mall, s t
if w ir e
,
a
bout 3 " l ong a nd a ttached t o at hin p iece
o
fw ood w hich h as been p lan ed d own t o3 "
b
y b
y 1 /16". Ac at-gu t str
ing i sthen
p
rocur ed —C . ( Such a st he " A" s tring o n
av i
olin.) Th is s t
ring i sf astened s ecurely
e
a
tt he t op oft h
e s uppo rt
, b y b or
ing as ma l
l
&ee
l
'.Wy
e h
ole, insert
ing t h
e s tr
ing a nd t hen p lugging
t
h
eh olew i
th as mallw ood en p l
ug . X ' T he
A
i
r c
ompr
essor f
r
ee e nd o f t he w i r
e, b efore d esc
rib ed, i s
t
hen b ent i nto a s mal
l l oop a bout X"
Cheap Bunsen Burner Made f
ro m Gas Mant
le d
iam eter a nd i ssh own a tL .
Par
ts and a P
iece o
f Wire
.

Next we thread the st

ring t h
rough t he
l
oop and gi
ve i tone
-half turn around t he
w
ire. I tisthen le
d through t he ind
icator
SMALL SCRE WS
.
"
R" b y b
o
ring as ma
llh o
leo fs l
ight
ly l a
rger
d
iameterthan the c
a
t-gut
. T he h
oles hould
The le
ngth o
f th
e s mal
le s
t s c
rew e v
er b
e bored as ne
ar as pos
sible t o where the
m
ade is.0
28 ofan i
n
ch, it
sd iameter.0
26 of w
ire isse
cured t othe i
ndicator
. Th e c a
t-
a
n in
ch, we
ight .
0
12 of agrain. T her
e a r
e g
ut st
ring should now be p ull
ed t au
t a nd
3
60 thr
eads t
oth
e in
ch a
nd i tt a
kes582,333 p
lugged in the bot
tom o f the support at
o
ft h
ese s
cr
ews tomake ap ound. X .»

A HOME
-MADE HYGROMETER
.

Th
e Hyg
rome
ter
, a
swe k
now
, i
san i
n
-
s
t
rum ent for measuring th
e q uanti
ty of
m
ois
tu re i
nthe atmospher
e. Itd epends o
n
t
h
e p r
operty p
oss
est by some s
ubstance
s, o
f
r
e
adily abso
rbing m ois
ture fr
om t h
e air
,
a
nd b
eing th
ereby chang
ed i ndimensions or
i
nweight
. O f t
hi
s kind isth
e H ygrom e
t e
r
o
f S
aussure
, inw hich ahair
, that w i
ll ex
-
p
and and contract in l
ength acco
rd ingly
,
a
sthe ai
r ism or
e o r l
e
ss m o
ist
, wa s made A Ho me- Made "Hygro meter" Constructed fro m a
P
iece of Suspended Wood , Shaved Do wn Th in,
t
omov
e a
n i
n
dica
tor
. Through W hich Runs a Piece of Cat-Gut
.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
21

A small nai
l Pi st h
en d riven i nto th
e This balanc e m ay b e contr
ived i n t wo
s
upport St o ac
t a s as topping p oint. I t
s ways, by e i
ther h aving t he pin i nthe mid-
d
uty ist
oa low t he i
ndicatort os wing a b
out d
le o f t h
e b e
am , w ith a s l
end er tongu e
,
i
no ne di
rect
ion o n
ly. " Fa
ir" a nd " Ra
in" af oo
t a nd a h alf l ong, poin
ting t o th
e d i
-
may now b e pa
inted o n t he in
di cator and v
i
sion s of a n a r
ch ed p lat
e, fi
tted o n it
, or
o
ur mechanica
lw eath
er -man i scomp leted. t
he o ther e xtremity o f the beam m ay b e
s
o l ong
, a s t o de scribe a l a
rge a rc on a
The b u
ilder m ay desire to c ons
truct a boa rd placed f or th e purpose
.
m
ore e l
aborate suppor
t w hich h e ca
n d o by To prepa re the s ponge, itm ay b e ne
ces-
m
aking as mal
l w ooden hous e and decorat- s
a
ry t ow ash i tinw ate
r a nd
, w h en d
ry, in
i
n
g i tw i
th p i
eces of bark t o gi
ve an ovel water o r vinega r
, i n w h
ich s a
l a mmon iac
l
o
g-cabin e f
ect
. How eve r
, the f r
ont m ust o
r s alt of t artar h a s been d i
ssolved a nd
b
e cons
tructed o p
en t o alow t h
e i n
dicator l
e
t i tdry a gain; t hen iti sfi
tf o
r u s
e. T he
t
o swing around. The i n
strum ent ist hen
p
l
aced i nsome open b u
t sheltered placea nd
i
sready for use
.
The act
ion i sasfollows
: When t h
e c a
t-
g
ut ist aut itexer
ts at w
ist
ing m otion o n
t
h
e w ire and ter
ids to tw
ist th
e end o f the
i
n
dicator m arked " Rain" aga
inst the stop-
p
i
ng p o
int " P
." Wh en t
here isagreatd eal
o
f moisture in the atmosphere th
e c at
-gu t
s
t
r
ing w i
ll become slack a
nd alow t h
e e nd
m
arked " Ra
in" t os w
ing hal
f w ay a r
ound .
I
n th
is way we c
an a
l b
e
come m
ode
rn
w
eather p
roph
ets
.

A Si mp
le Hygro meter W hich C an Be Made at a
Cost of a Fe w Cents, f
ro m a Sponge . a Paper
Sea
le and a Light
ly P ivoted Lever
.
HO W TO MAKE A HYGROMETER
.

The h yg rom eter i s an i n

strum ent t o i
n
strum en
t c a
n be hung a
ga
inst th
e wa
ll:
measure t he d eg rees of d ryness o r m oi
s- a
nd, in t
hat ca
se abi
t of s
t
eel
, asat "
A,"
t
ure o fthe a tmo sphere. Th ere are various s
hou
ld b e p
laced b
e
fore t
he n
eedl
e, tok
eep
k
ind s of h ygrome t er
s; f o
r w hatever b ody i
tst
raight
.
e
i
th er s hr
ink s o r s well
s b y d ryness o r
moi
s ture
, i sc a
pab le of being f orm ed i n
to
a
n h ygrom eter, s u
ch a s w oods o f m o
st CO
INS FOR WE
IGHTS
.
k
ind s
, p ar
ticu larly a sh
, d eal, popla r
, e tc
. I
n an emergency
, or
dinary co
ins c
an b
e
The f o
llowing i st he most last
ing a nd con- u
s
ed a swe
ights
. T he we
ight
s given i
nth
e
v
enien t m ode o f c on
struction f or a n i n
- f
o
llowing tab
le a r
e near enough for a
l
s
t
rum ent of t h
is d escr
ipt
ion . t
h
e usual p
urposes
.
Take a very fi
ne balance
, and p lace in D
ime w
eigh
s 4
0gr
ain
s
i
t as p
onge, or other body w hich e as
ily
C
ent w
eigh
s 5
0gr
ain
s
a
b
sorbs m ois
ture, and le
t itbe i n equil
ib-
r
i
um w ith aw e
ight hung att h
e o t
her e nd N
ick
el w
eigh
s S
Ogr
ain
s
o
f the b e
am. I f the ai
r becom es m oist
, O
ne-quar
ter D
ollar w
eigh
s l
00g
r
ain
s
t
h
e s ponge
, becoming heavi
er, will prepon-
O
ne-ha
lf D
ollar w
eigh
s 2
00 g
r
ain
s
d
era
t e
; i fdry, the sponge wil
l b e r a
ised
u
p
. O
ne D
ollar w
eigh
s 4
00 g
r
ain
s
1
22 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

By s imp le a ddition a nd s ubtra ction a T o c o nv ert C en tigrad e i n

to F ahr enhe i
t:
g
rea t m any d i
fferen t w eigh ts c an b e m ade Deg ree s C entig rade m ult
iplied b y 9 ,and
w
ith t hese coins
. F or i n
stanc e, too btain a divided b y 5,t h
en a dd 3 2
.
w
eigh t o f 20 g ra
in s
, p lace an i
ck e
l o n one Examp l e - 8 0° C . X9 ±5 = -144 +32 =
s
i
de o f t h
e s c
ales a nd a q ua rt
e r o n the 1
76° F .
o
the r
, a nd t hen a dd e nough o ft he c hemical
t
ob a
lanc e it
. To c o nv ert F ahr enhe it into C en tigrad e:
S
ub t rac t 32 f rom t h
e n umbe r o f d egree
s
Fahr enh ei t
, t hen m ult
iply b y 5 ,a nd d iv
ide
b
y 9 .
THERMOMETER SCALES .
Examp le - 1 00° F . -32 =68 X5 ±9 =
Of t he t hree s cales i n g en eral u se, the 37.8° C .
C
en tigrade s c
ale [ also c a
l led C elsius] i s
To c onv e r
t R eaumur i nto F ah renh eit:
t
he m ost r at
iona l o ne a nd t he o ne u sed i n
a
l s c
ien t
ific r esearch a nd i n
terna tional De gre es Rea um ur mu
lti p
lie d b
y 9
, d
iv
ide
l
i
tera tur e; itisa l
so u sed e x clu sively i nm o
st by 4 ,a nd a dd 3 2
.
o
ft h
e E urop ean c oun tries. Th e z ero p o
int Examp le - 1 6° R . X9 ±4 = -36 +32 =
i
st h
e m elting p oint o f i c
e, a nd t he 1 00° 6
8° F .
p
oin t i st he b o
iling p oin t o f w ater. The T o c onv ert F ahr enhe it into R eaumur :
F
ah renh e
its cale isu sed i nt he Un it ed S tat
es 3
2 s u btracted f rom d egrees F ah renh e
it,
a
nd E ngland ;o n thiss cal et he m e
lting p o
int m ultip ly b y 4,a nd t h
en d i
vide b y 9 .
o
f i c
e i se xactly 3 2°, a nd t he b o
iling p o
int Examp le - 9 5° F . -32 =63 -+9 X4-=
o
f w ater i s2 12° . The R eaumur s cale is 2
8° R .
i
nl imi
t ed u se inG ermany ; i th a
s t h e same
z
ero p oin t as the C en t
ig rade s c
ale, b ut t h
e Th e a bov e table and f ormu la f orc onv ert-
i
ng t he d iferen t d egrees t oa noth er w ill be
b
oiling p o
in t of w ater o n t h
is s cale i se x
-
a
ctly 8 0°. f
o un d v
er y us
e ful, es
pecially w
h e n, f
or i
n-
s
tanc e, y ou h ave f a
cil
ities t o w o rk w ith a
TABLE SHO WING THE CO MPARISON OF THE
READINGS OF THER MO METERS .
Centig rade t h
e rmom eter, a nd t he F ah ren-
h
eit d eg ree i sm en t
ioned.
0 = C ent
igrade, or C elsius
. It = Reau mur .
F = Fahrenhe it. (
S e e a l
so A ppend ix.)
C R F C R F
- 30 - 24
.0 - 22.0 23 1
8.4 7
3.4
- 25 - 20
.0 - 13.0 24 1
9.2 7
5.2
- 20 - 16
.0 - 4 .0 25 2
0.0 7
7
.0
- 15 - 12
.0 + 5 .0 26 2
0.8 7
8.8
- 10 - 8.0 1
4.0 27 2
1.6 8
0M
HANDY APPARATUS FORMED ENT
IRELY
- 5 - 4 .0 2
3
.0 28 2
2.4 8
2.4 OF WIRE
.
- 4 - 3 .2 2
4.8 29 2
3.6 8
4.2
- 3 - 2 .4 2
6.6 30 2
4.0 8
6.0 A
s shown in the a
ccompanying s
ke
tche
s
- 2 - 1 .6 2
8.4 31 2
4.8 8
7.8
- 1 - 0 .8 3
0.2 32 2
5.6 8
9M an umber o
f u s
eful art
icl
e s of c
on
stan
t
F
reezing po
int o
t water 33 2
6.4 9
1
.4
s
er
vice to t
he exper
imenter m ay b
e con
-
0 0
.0 3
2.0 3
4 27
.2 9
3.2 s
t
ructed o
f o
rdinary wi
re with th
e a
id o
f a
1 0
.8 3
3.8 3
5 28
.0 9
5.0
2 1M 3
5.6 3
6 28
.8 9
8.8 f
ew common tool
s.
3 2
.4 3
7.4 3
7 29
.6 9
8.6
4 3
.2 3
9.2 3
8 304 1
00.4 Obtain af ew f
eetofgalvaniz
ed iron w
ire
,
5 4
.0 4
1.0 3
9 31
.2 1
02.2
6 4
.8 4
2.8 4
0 32
.0 1
04M o
r ift he it
em of expens
e i snot impor
tant
,
7 5
.6 4
4.6 4
1 32
.8 1
05.8
8 6
.4 4
6.4 4
2 33
.6 1
07.6
b
ras
s w ire; 3o r 4g age numb e
rs are re
-
9 7
.2 4
8.2 4
3 34
.4 1
09.4 q
uired, d epend
ing u pon t he si
ze o f th
e
1
0 8
.0 5
0.0 4
4 35
.2 1
11.2
1
1 8
.8 5
1.8 4
5 36
.0 1
13.0 a
pparatu s to b
e cons
truc
t ed
.
1
2 9
.6 5
3.6 5
0 40
.0 1
22.0
1
3 1
0.4 5
5.4 5
5 44
.0 1
31.0 Provide a pa
ir ea ch of fl
at, round and
1
4 1
1.2 5
7.2 6
0 48
.0 1
40.0
1
5 1
2.0 5
9.0 6
5 52
.0 1
49.0 c
utt
ing p l
iers
, some w ood st
icks about th
e
1
6
1
7
1
2
1
3
.8
.6
6
0
6
2
.8
.6
7
0
7
5
5
6
6
.0
0
.0
1
58
1
67
.0
.0
d
im ens
ions o f al ead p enc
il, and a f ew
1
8 1
4.4 6
4.4 8
0 64
.0 1
76.0 s
hort length
s of tubing t o aid in bend
ing
1
9 1
5.2 6
6.2 8
5 68
.0 1
85.0
2
0 1
6.0 6
8.0 9
0 72
.0 1
94.0 a
nd f orming t h
e w ir e; aft
er a f ew e x
-
2
1 1
6.8 6
9.8 9
5 76
.0 2
03.0 p
erimen t
s you w il
l b e a b
le t o det
e rm
ine
2
2 1
7.6 7
1.6 1
00 80
.0 2
12.0
Bo
iling p
oint o
f water. t
he si
ze of the w
ire b e
st adapted
.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERI MENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
23

Cork P
uller
. I
t will b
e o
bserved f
rom s
ket
ch that d
e-
v
i
ce in fi
gure No. 4holds b
y it
se
lf, wh
ile
F
igure 1 .—Cu t t wo pieces o f wire the
d
esir ed l ength, t wist t o
geth er a nd form t
he re
verse istr
ue of No. 5de
sign. The
r
i
ng . N ow t w
ist t h
e f o
ur e nds t o about e
ndsoft he
se h
older
sc a
n bemadep o
int
ed or
o
ne- third t he length o f th
e s hank. Make f
l
at
tened a s p
r
eferr
ed.
s
epara tely a r i
ng o f s uf
icien t s ize to fi
t F
igure 6 . —Holder f
or r
ubber tub
es. Ob-
l
oos e
ly o ver t he shank, cut w ire s of sh
ank t
a
in ap iece of th
in wire
. F ir
st bend itin
t
o s ame l ength and b end e nds t o ar ight t
wo, m aking a l o
op t o al
low a h ook to
a
ng le a bout Y8 i nch
. S
lip o n the ring h
o
ld iti n pl
ace. Th en wind wire around
a
nd s p
ring t h
e f our e nds a pa rt t o keep arod of p roper si
ze
. S l
ip tube through
r
i
ng i n p os
ition. T he c omp leted a rt
icle s
p
iral s
of o
rm ed. Th i
s dev
ice wil
l not pe
r-
w
ill b e f o
und o f se
rvice inr emov ing corks m
it tu
be t ok ink or b
end atan angle sufi
-
which h ave f a
llen i n
to the c o ntainer
, a nd c
i
ent tok ink or tofr
acture
.
F
igure 7.—Ho lder f
or ar
ticle
s tob e s
ol
-
d
ered or hea
ted. Th e li
ght p r
essur
e o b
-
t
a
ined b y alowing t h
e s t
raight bend t o
p
as
s al i
tt
le th
rough the ri
ng w i
ll be f
ound
s
ufic
ient to h
old the ar
tic
les in ap o
sit
ion
c
onveni
ent for o
p e
rat
ion.
F
igu r
e 8 . —Tr
ipod to support r
eto
rts
.
Thi
s a rt
icle isformed b
y t w
ist
ing thre
e
w
ires togethe
r forming a s
t
and a s s
hown
n s
i ke
tch.
F
igure 9,10and 1 1. —Battery connecto r
s.
F
igure 10 can be fas
tened t ot a
ble b y put-
t
i
ng a s crew or n a
il through r ing a t i t
s
e
nd. I n t he ev
en t of t h
e c onta ct jaw s
b
ecoming l o
ose they c an be a djus t
ed b y
d
rawing t he ends c l
oser t o
gethe r
. The
l
i
ne w ire
s can be s o
ldered t o the c onnec-
Nu merous Handy Dev
ices f
or Holding Test Tubes t
ors
, a nd i f de
sired t he c onnection o n
and t he L
ike Can Be Eas ily Constructed f
ro m f
i
gure 1 c an be c ov
ered w ith i n
su lat
ing
Wire w
ith a L
ittle I
ngenu
ity
.
t
ape
.
b
y pl
acing a p
iece o
f c
ot
ton in t
he j
aws a F
igure 12
. —V ery li
ght we
ight
s. E ach
m
ost usefu
l in
strument i
sfo
rm ed fo
r th
e b
end i
n
crea
ses 1 c
ent
igram o
r 1 d
e
cigram,
c
l
ean
ing a nd d
rying o
fte
st t
ube
s. v
ary
ing ac
cording to th
e si
ze o
fw ire u
sed.

Ho
lder
s.

F
igur es 2 a nd 3 .—Follow o u
tline o f
s
ketch t oo b
tain good re
sul
ts. Tw ist wires MAK
ING FLEX
IBLE
-CORD COVERS
.
t
oge ther 3 o r 4t ime
s, alowing but v e
ry C
u t astr
ip o f cl
oth, any k i
nd and a ny
l
i
ttle p l
ay. B end th
e four e
nds a
t as t
ra
ight l
e
ng th, hal
f a n inch w ide, f
old itl e
ngth-
a
ng le and f o
rm t he r
ing a
t th
e end of too
l w
ise a sin Fig
. 1,w ith t h
e w rong si
de out
b
y b ending w ir
e around a rod of the re- i
ft here i
s aw rong side, and sew al i
ne of
q
uir ed s i
ze
. m
a chine st
itch d own t he si
de a s sh
own .
S
pring Ho
lders
. Don't tr
y tos ew too near th
e e dg
e.
F
igures 4a nd 5.—Us
e v ery th
ick and N
ext
, run apiece ofst
out t
wine th
rough
s
p
ringy w ire; wil
l be f
ound of se
rvic
e in w
ith a t
ape needle
, as shown i n F
ig. 2
.
h
o
lding a r
tic
les to be soldered or c e
- When th
rough, gather th
e upper edge o
f
m
ented. y
our c
l
oth tu
be t og
ether
, as i
n Fig
. 3,and
1
24 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

s
ew ittoth
e pi
ece of t
wine
. D on't t
ry t
o t
a
ilo
r h
ad g
o
t t
h
e s
e
am i
n
sid
e. R
ecogn
iz-
t
i
e your t
wine
, a s t
ha
t m ake
s r a
ther t
oo i
n
g m
y o
I
d p
roc
ess
, Iw
as e
xp
lain
ing i
tto
l
a
rge akno
t tostar
t th
rough ea
si
ly. h
e
r, wh
en th
e bo
ss came i
n a
nd b
e
t me a
d
o
lla
r Ico
uldn
't do i
t
. The g
ir
l m
ade t
h
e
N
ow hold the ot
her e
nd o
f the t
wine i
n
o
ne h
and ( o
r ifyour t
ub
e isvery l
ong
, ti
e t
ube
, Ir an the s
t
ring, manipulat
ed a se
c-
i
tto ad
oor-knob) and w
ith t
h
e oth
er hand o
nd, and "Ps
st!" thru itw ent
, li
ke arat
t
wo j ump
s ahead of t
he fe
line. T he b
oss
h
anded over hi
s dol
lar, while th
e st
enog-
r
apher sa
id s ome
thing w hich in pol
ite
l
ad
ies' la
nguage isequiva
len t to—" Wel
l,
I
'
ll de d —d !"

HO W TO DRA W L
INES WITH WR
ITING
PEN
.

Tho
se w ho hav
e t r
i
ed to d
raw s t
ra
ight
l
i
neswith aw r
it
ing pen a
nd r
ul
e,n in
et im
es
o
ut of t
e
n h av
e obta
ined an u
nsight
ly bl
ot
f
o
r the
ir l
abors
.

Pt :An A
lcove S
ecret: A Fr
iend Tel
ls Us How
t
he Ta
ilors Got t
he S
ea m I
nside
.

w
ork the puckered e nd down i
ns
ide, w
ith
amotion l i
ke p u
lling o n agl
ov e
-f
inger
,
(
Fig
. 4 ). O
nc e s ta
rted, t
h
ere i s no
t
t
h
e sl
ighte
st difi
cu l
ty.

F
ig. 5s hows t h
e e nd o f t
he operat
ion,
w
ith t he c
omp l
eted tu be coming through,
r
i
ght side o
ut, wi
th the seam concea
led, and To Dra w S
tra
ight L
ines I
s Not S
o S
i mp
le a
Ma
tter a
s Yon Th
ink
, but w
ith a L
itt
le He
lp
w
ith the ex
tra fl
ap se
rving t ostuf th
e tube You Wil
l S
oon At
tain Perfect
ion
a
nd m ake itplump a nd r ound
. The c on-
d
uctor
, c ompos
ed of ad ozen bra
ided wires Neat and c l
ean-cut l i
nes m ay b e d r
awn
f
r
om y our ol
d F ord se
condary
, is r
un w
ith the use oft h
e f o
llow ing d ev
ice. T he
t
h
rough with th
e tape n
eed
le, and t
h
ere t
h
ickn e
ss o f the li
nes w ill d e
p end o n t h
e
y
ou a
r
e. C
ost p
e
rya
rd, e
xa
ctly $
0
.00
. k
ind of p en point
s u sed. T he g uide a rm
(A) m ay be cons
truc t
ed o fb rass, although
Ihave ap ar
ticular af
ect
ion fo
r thi
s in- s
t
eel isp ref
erable in t h
is c a
se. Th e band
v
ent
ion because I had a dol
lar o
n ito nce (BD) s h
ould b e m ade o f s p
ring s t
ee
l, a
—about th
e o n
ly d o
llar I ev
er di
d w r
ing p
i
e c
e o f spr
ing o f an o ld clock w ould be
f
rom Sc
ience. The s t
enogr
apher was aim- s
ufic
ient. A ll that isr equired o f the ma-
i
ng t
or e
place ab r
oken be
lt-
loop o
n her ve
l- t
er
ial w ou
ld b e t
hat its hould hold i t
sf o
rm
v
et c
oat
, and was stumped toknow how the a
nd not be eas
ily ben
t.
 LABORATORY H
INTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
25

Ariv
et i sf
ix
t toh o
ld t he guide arm and p
i
ece o
fw ood ; b
ut c
annot be t
a
ken ou
t. A
b
and to
geth er. Mak e ad ent w i
th acenter s
c
rew o f t
his ki
nd can ea
sily b
e made by
p
unch abov e the ri
vet both i nthe arm and t
a
king an ordina
ry w ood sc
rew and fi
l
ing
b
and toh old the former i np l
ace, a
sint h
e
c
ase o
f the e xtens
ion o r c ommon ly ca
lled d
own each s
ide o
fthe head
, asshown i
nt h
e
z
igzag rule. No dim ensions a re g
iven, i
lu
stra
tion.
a
l
though f or an ord
ina ry p en
-holder ( A)
I
twil
l re
adi
ly b
e s
een t
ha
t w h
ile i
tca
n
c
ould equa l 3 -
16", B=74" , C=1 78" ,
D
=w, and XY =1 1 /"
4 . b
e s
cr
ew ed i
n
to t
h
e wood, i
tca
nnot be u
n-
s
c
rewed.
A d
es
irable feature of th
e d ev
ice istha
t
t
he g
uide arm m ay be folded so that th
e
p
en may be d
ipt i nthe in
k b o
ttle asshown
MAK
ING THE MOST OF A L
ITTLE S
PACE
.
i
nFig
. 1,and i nt h
at po
sit
ion i tcan b
eu s
ed
a
s ac
lip t
oh old i tinth
e p o
ck e
t also
. Th e I
t i
s m
ost d
i
scourag
ing t
o h
ave t
o
b
and may be co
n s
tructed ina ny de
sign su
it- s
p
end hal
f a
n h our f
i
nding t
oo
ls and
a
bl
e tothe mak er
.
i
mped
imen
ta b
efore s
ta
rting a
n hou
r's
w
ork in t
he e
v
ening. T he remedy i
sto
h
ave a pl
ace fo
r e v
ery
thing
, a nd k
eep
DR
ILLS MADE FROM NEEDLES
. e
ve
ryth
ing ini
t
s pl
ace
. Also, k
eep t
hem a
s
Hav
ing o
ccasion t
ous
e many s
mal
l d r
il
ls, c
ompac tly a s poss
ib le. A g ood d e
al o f
a
nd not wi
shing t o i
n
cur th
e exp
en se of
e
xtra r oom c an be g ot ou t o f an o rd
inary
c
ont
inual
ly repair
ing o
ld one
s, Iused the
f
o
llowing t
r
ick: c
upboa rd b y the e xerc
ise o f al i
tt
l e inge-
n
uity. Th ings not often r equired sh ould be
Ip r
ocured s eve
ral sewing needle
s of the
k
ept o n t he t o
p s helf
. P erhap s t h
ere i s
s
ame d i
am eter asthe dri
ll Ineeded. A fter
b
reaking o f t h
e e y
e, Ig round t h
e needle s
t
ill som e s pace t o spare. T hen t a
ck a
s
l
ightly fl
at o n bo
th s i
des ofthe la
rge end. p
iece o f cl
oth o r al a
rg e h andk erchief i n
-
It h
en s h
ap ed the fl
attened end accord
ing s
i
de t he t o
p of the c upboa rd, a nd s c
rew i n
.
t
o the sketch. T hese dri
lls wil
l d o good ac o
upl e of bra
ss s c
rew h ook s af ew i n
ches
work and w il
l not break soeas
ily. f
rom t h
e e nds
. S ew a b rass ring t o each
o
f t he f r
ee c o
rners o f t he c lo
th a nd y ou
h
ave a s o
rt o f cr
adle i n w hich m any o dd
t
h
ing s m ay b e suspend ed b y s l
ipping t he
r
ings over t h
e hooks.
A d oz en w ooden s o
ap o r su gar b oxes,
s
t
ood o ne above another in ac orn er o
f t he
r
o
om , p ref
erably in ar e
cess
, w ill d o d uty
f
o
r ac upboard. C
apital s he
lv es c an b e
m
ade i n
side the boxes, u s
ing w ood f rom
t
h
e l ids, w hi
le the w hole structur e can b e
e
fectua lly di
sguised during t he d aytime b y
No w Don
't Get All Mother's Needles
. Ihmneo
lher
c
overing i twith a p ie
c e o f dark c o
lo red
She Has t o Duro Your S tockluas!--And You m
at e
ria l
. E xtra room c an b e m ade by f i
x-
Can
't Unscre w This W ood-Scre w!
i
ng h ook s tothe outs
ide e dges of t he boxes
A WOOD S CRE W WH ICH CANNOT BE f
or thing s th
at can beh ung u p, w hile other
UNSCRE WED . o
dds a nd e nds c a
n b e d r
op t i nto c ocoa
Many t im
es t he experim enter h as n e
ed of t
i
ns and t
he l
i
ke t
acked t
o t
h
e s
ides of t
h
e
aw ood s c
rew w hich c an b e sc
r ewed i to a b
n oxes.
1
26 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

TEST CL
IP MADE FROM B
IND
ING POST
. p
e
riod o
f time and d
oe
s n o
t objec
t to t
he
Fo r mak
ing c ontact w i
th i n
sulat
ed w ire
s t
r
ouble i
nvo
lved in r
emoving the a
cid a
nd
t
ake a n o
ld binding post and f i
l
e the th
umb r
ef
i
ll
ing aga
in w h
en th
e b a
tte
ry i sto b
e
s
c
r ew t o ap o
int. A l so c ut ap or
tion o f p
ut i
nuse a
gain
.
o
ne s i
de out w i
th a h ack -
saw a s shown i n There are t wo m ethods, t h
e dry s y
stem
t
he d rawing. T o m ak e contact with an a
nd the li
quid s ystem, t he fo
rm er being t h
e
i
n
su lated wire, simply s l
ip the wire int h
e b
ett
er. F or the d ry syst
em g iv
e the b a
ttery
s
l
it i n t
he side and force t he thumb screw at h
oroly g ood c ha rge i n order t o bring
p
oint t h
rough t h
e i n
su lat
ion. T his save
s
a
l
l the plat
es i n
to as at
isfactory st
ate. T hen
t
he t ime a
nd b oth er of skinning the wire
. r
emov e the ac
id, fi
llu p a ga
in w i
th p ure w a
-
I
ta lso may b e us
ed as ah elix cl
ip
.
t
er
, d i
scharge t he b at
tery f o
r af ew h ours
u
ntil the voltag e h as f a
ll
en 1 0 per c ent
,
a
nd then i mm ediately e mpty out the w ater
,
l
e
t t h
e c e
lls drain a sm uch a sp o
ssible
, r e
-
move the termina ls
, w a
sh a way any t r
ac e
s
o
fa c
id o n the t op covers, put al i
ttle vase
-
l
i
ne o n the term inal s t
em s and all conn ec
-
t
i
ons, and store i n aplace free fr
om d u
st.

At Left: Standard La mp Base F

itted '
to Min
ia- The objecto fd i
scharging after thew ater
ture La mp
. At Right: Handy Test Cup Made
Fro m Binding Post
. h
as been a dded i sto avoid h eat
ing o f the
n
egat
iv e plat
es w hen the cel
ls a r
e d ry. Th e
o
bjec
t o fp utt
ing w a
ter i nthe cel
ls f or the
FITT ING A M INIATURE BULB TO d
i
scharg e isf or the purpose o f t
ho roly r e
-
STANDARD SOCKET . mov
i ng t
he ac
id i
n t
he p
ores o
f t
he p
l
ates.
Fi
rst w e n eed a b roken E dison b u
lb, a On no accoun t le
ave the w ater int he ce
lls,
m
iniatur e l amp and s om e seal
ing w ax or whether c
harged o
r d
is
c harged, a
s t
hey w
ill
p
araff
in. Th en b reak a l the g las
s f r
om r
apid
l y su
lf a
te i
f y
ou d
o. Ad v
ice i
s s
o me-
t
he bottom o f the large lamp b as. Now t
e imesg i
ven t of i
l
l ce
llsw ith watera nd l e
av e
s
o
ld er the t wo wires from the E dison shel
l i
t in
. This i
s ab
solutely wr
o ng.
t
ot he rim a nd cen
ter oft h
em iniature bulb
. •T he l i
quid s ystem i s as f o
llow s: —S ee
Heat som e s e
al
ing w ax and p our ina round t
hat the plates are well covered wi th acid,
t
he shel
l a nd s e
t as
ide toh arden. Th is at
- b
ut keep i tbelow t he le
ad c onnecting b ars
t
a
chm ent w ill be us
eful toa nyone w ho h a
s i
ns
ide the cel
ls. C harge up the batt e
ry u n-
asocket wi th as nap on the s i
de or ap ull
- t
i
l iti sthoroly w e
ll charged. R emove t he
c
hain socket. t
erminals a nd v ents, careful
ly c l
ean t he
t
ops of ce
lls
, v as
eline al m etal par
ts and
s
t
ore inthe dark,w ith p
rotec
tion from d u
st.
HO W TO TREAT STORED
A per
iodical charg e isbenef
icial
, b u
t n ot
ACCUMULATORS .
a
lways n ec
essary; t h
is depend s upon t he
B
earing i
nm ind t ha
t the re
sult de
sired is
c
ondi
tion o f the batt
ery w hen s t
ored, the
a
lway s th
e pres
e rvat
ion oft he accumulator
t
ype of plates
, a nd t h
e a moun t of loose
p
lates
, t he advice a lways d epends u pon
whether the own er des
ires to keep hi
s a - s
c e
dim ent ther
e m ay b e i
nt h
e C e
lls
. I ft he
c
umu lator in g
ood c ondit
ion w ith as li
tt
le vol
tag e isf ound t o be low a fte
r af ew
d
i
s turbance a
sp o s
sib
le ofi t
sw orking s t
at, w
e eeks, itis asign that t
he battery re
quires
o
r w hether h
e d es
ires tosto
re i tfo
r al ong a
t
tention
.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERI MENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
27

EMERGENCY CORK S
CRE W
. A c onta
iner s uch a s shown b elow h as
b
e
en f ound c onv enient f or au toma tically
R
ecen
tly Ih
ad o
c
cas
ion t
oop
en ab
o
ttle
k
e
ep ing t he solu
tion a lways a vailable f or
a
nd, no
t h av
ing a c
ork ex
tractor
, ve
ry f
l
i
es t o dr
ink. A n ordinary, t h
in -wa l
led
s
imply a
ccompl
ish
ed m
y purpos
e b y u
s
ing d
r
ink ing g l
ass i sf i
lled o r partially f i
ll
ed
a
n o
rd
ina
ry s
c
rew e
y
e i
ncomb
ina
tion w
ith w
ith t h
e so
lution. As a
ucer, ors ma l
l p l
ate,
i
n w hich isp laced a p i
ece of w hite b l
ot-
t
i
ng p aper cut t he s i
ze of the d i
sh , isp ut
b
ottom u p over t he g l
ass
. Th e w hole i s
t
h
en q u
ickly inve
r ted, am atch pl a
c ed und er
t
he edg e of th
e g lass, and the c ontainer i s
r
e
ady f or use
. A s t he so
lution d r
ies o ut
o
f the saucer the l i
quid sea
l a tt he e dge of
t
he g l
ass isb roken a nd m or
e l i
quid f l
ow s
i
n
to t he lower rec eptacle
. Thu s t h
e p aper
i
sa lways kept m o
is t
.
O
ther Simpl
e P r
ev entiv
es: —Any o dor
p
l
eas
ing to man isofensive t
o the fl
y and
v
i
ce ve
rsa
, and w
il
l dr
iv e th
em a way
.
A Cork S
crew i
n a J
iffy —S
i mp
ly a Na
il and a
S
cre w Eye Do t
he Tr
ick
. T
ak e f
i
v e c
ents
' wor
th o foi
l oflavender,
m
ix itw ith the same quant
ity o f w a
ter,
an
a
il, a
ssh
own i
nth
e d
raw
ing
. The u
s
e p
ut it in ac ommon g l
ass atomizer a nd
o
f t
h
e la
tter p
rov
ided a b
e
tter mean
s bo
th s
p
ray i taround the r
oom s where fl
ie
s a re
.
f
o
r t
urn
ing the s
cr
ew and pu
lling t
he c
o
rk I
n the din
ing-room spray itlavi
shly e ven
o
n the ta
ble li
nen. Th e odor isvery d is-
o
ut
.

REC
IPES FOR K
ILL
ING F
LIES
.

The Un i
ted S tate
s G overnment m akes
t
he fo
llowing s ugges
tion f or the de
struc-
t
i
on o f hous e fl
ie
s: Formaldehyde and
s
od
ium s a
licylate a
re t h
e t wo best f
l
y poi-
s
on
s. B oth a re s
uperior toa r
senic
. Th ey
h
ave the
ir a dvantages fo r hous
ehold use.
Th
ey a
r
e n
ot ap
o
ison t
och
ildr
en; t
h
ey a
r
e
c
onv
eni
ent t
o h
and
le; t
h
eir d
i
lut
ion
s a
r
e
s
imp
le, a
nd t
h
ey a
t
tra
ct t
h
e f
l
i
es.
P
repa
rat
ion o
f S
olu
tion
s: —A fo
rma
lde-
W hen t
ho "Fly Season" I
s Wi
th Us
, t
i
le
h
yde so
lut
ion o
f app
roxima
tely t
he co
r- Non-Po isonous (to Hu mans ) Wet Blotter F ly
Annihilator Shown , Wh ich I s Reco m mended by
r
e
ct s
t
reng
th m
ay b
e m
ade b
y a
dding 3 E
l
io U. S . Govern ment, S hould Prove Par t
icu lar
ly
Valuab le
.
t
e
aspoon
ful
s o
f t
h
e c
onc
entra
ted f
o
rma
lde
-
h
yde s
o
lut
ion
, c
omm
erc
ial
ly k
nown a
s f
o
r-
a
gre
eable t
o f
l
i
es b
u
t r
e
fre
shing t
o m
ost
m
alin, t
o api
nt of w
ater
. S im
ilar
ly, th
e p
eop
le.
p
roper c
onc
entra
tion o
f sod
ium s a
l
icyla
te
Geranium, mignone
tte
, he
lio
trope a nd
m
ay b
e o
b
tain
ed b
y d
i
sso
lving 3 t
e
aspoon
- wh
ite c l
over ar
e ofen
siv
e' t
o f
l
ies
. T hey
f
u
ls o
f t
h
e p
ure c
hem
ica
l (
a p
owde
r) t
o e
sp
ecia
l ly di
sl
ike th
e odor o
f honey
suckle
ap
i
nt o
fwa
ter
. a
nd hop blo
ssoms.
1
28 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

Accord
ing t
o aFr
ench sc
ien
tis
t, f
l
i
es h
ave F
rom ar o
und b attery carbon cu
t ap iec
e
i
n
tens e h
atr
ed fo
r the c
o
lor blue. Rooms 172.'l
ong
. F rom t he top dri
ll a3 /
4
" h
ol
e
d
ecorated i
n b
l
ue wil
l he
lp tok e
ep o
ut t
he 1
34" deep
. R ound o f
f t h
e b o
ttom a nd th
e
f
l
i
es. r
e
sult wil
l be ag ood carbon c r
ucib
le. Th e
Mix togethe
r one ta
blespoonfu
l o
fcream, c
ont
ributor has m elt
ed i ron i n ac ruc
ibl
e
o
ne o f gr
ound b lack p eppe
r and one of o
f t h
e a bove d es
ign. By u s
ing a d ry
b
rown s ugar. Th is m ixtur
e ispo
isonous p
l
aster of Paris m ould t h
e m e
tal m ay be
t
o fl
ie
s. P u t i
n asaucer, da
rken t
h
e r o
om c
a
st into t
he des
ired s hape
.
e
xcept one w indow a nd i n th
at s
et the
s
aucer
.
T
o cl
ear th
e h
ouse o
f f
l
ies
, burn p
yre
-
t
h
rum powder
. T h
is s
t
upef
i
e s t
h
e fl
i
es
, b
ut HOLD
ING ON TO THE S
CRE W
.
t
h
ey mu
st be SWEPT UP and BURNED . A c
lever l
i
tt
le device has r
ecen
tly be
en
Recip
es for Stables
, B arns and O u
t-of
- p
ut o
n t he m
arket w hich s
hou
ld s av
e the
d
oors: —Borax ise s
pecia
lly valuable a
round m
otor
ist
's or e l
ect
rician'
s vocabulary of
f
arm s and out-of-doors
. One p ound o f
b
orax t o twe
lv e b u
sh e
ls o f m anure wil
l
b
e f o
und -d
es
irable a s apoison w i
thout in
-
j
ur
ing i t
s manurial qual
iti
es o n fa
rm s t
ock
.
S
catter the borax o ver t he m anure and
s
pr
ink le w
ith w ater
.
L
ye, chlo
rid of lim
e, o
r copp
eras (s
ul-
f
a
te of i
ron) di
ssolv
ed inwat
er, cr
ude c
ar-
b
o
lic ac
id, or a
ny kind o
f d
i
sinfec
tant may
b
e u
sed inv au
lts
.

A HOME
-MADE CARBON CRUC
IBLE
.

t i
I sof
ten tha
t t h
e exp er
im enter des
ires
t
o m el
t as ma
ll q uant
i ty of m e
tal a nd
m
ould i tin
to a ce
rtain shape, o
r h e might
w
ant t omix aspec
ial a malgam. B ut he i
s
s
t
opt by the l
a
ck of some s u
itabl
e c on
tainer
o
r cruc
ible; a
nd he d oe
s n ot w ant to buy

One of the Latest Devices f

or Mechan
ics Is. a
n
Attachment f
or Hold ing On t o Sma
ll Screws in
I
naccess
ible Places
.

s
w ear words f rom b e
ing o v
erwo rked. Th e
d
evice i s m ade o f s pec
ial
ly t empe red
c
rucible st
ee l a nd m ay be sli
p t o n a ny
s
crew d r
iver. O nc
e i n pl
ace its erves to
Make Your Own Crucibles and Build an E
lectr
ic h
old as c
rew f i
rm ly on t
he end oft hes c
rew
Furnace t
o Make D ia monds
.
d
river ti
ll i t isw el
l s t
arted into i t
s r e
-
q
uired pos
ition .
o
ne. Her
ewith ar
e g
iven t
he d
i
rec
tion
s fo
r
mak
ing a c
ruc
ible t
h
at wil
l st
and a ve
ry S
uch a d evice s h
ould p r
ove p ar
ticularly
h
igh t
emp
era
ture. h
elpful in f a
stening p arts of m ach
in ery
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (Mechan
ica
l). 1
29

w
hich a
r
e h
ard t
oge
t a
tand w
hich r
e
quire "
THE S
YNTHET
IC PRODUCT
ION OF
RUB
IES
."
t
h
e u
s
e o
fsma
ll s
i
zes o
f s
c
rew
s.
During t h
e l a
st few year
s, pract
ically a
l
o
f the be autiful minerals o
f t he corundum
f
amily h av e been produced s y
nthetical
ly in
t
he labora tory. Th ese art
ific
ial g ems ar
e
A SELF-LEVEL
ING MEASURING SPOON
. i
d
en t
ical i n b e
auty, hardness
, a nd c h
emica
l
A s e
t o f mea
suring s
poon
s w th a c
i ompo s
ition t o t ho
s e obta
ined f rom t h
e
m
ines. T he a ccompany ing diagram s hows a
s
e
lf
-level
ing at
tachment i
s are
cen
tly p
a
t-
f
urnace c ommon ly u sed in pr oducing th
e
g
ems.

T
he o
pera
tion
s a
r
e a
sfo
llow
s:
a
id_
e
p # A t
r
ace of c
hrom
e a l
um i sadded t
o a
r
iot
" s
o
lut
ion o
fc ommon a
lum, th
e ch
rome al
um
b
e
ing t
he c
olor
ing c
ons
tituen
t.

Then ammon
ia isa
dded a
nd ag
ela
tinous
p
r
ecipi
tat of th
e hydra
tes of a
l
um a nd
c
h
rom e isfo
rmed.

Th
is pr
ecipi
ta t isfi
lt
ered of
f, e
vapora
ted
t
o dryn
ess and c a
lcined in af u
rnace at a
t
empera
ture of 1 000° F . i
nto a
n ult
ima t
e
m
ixture o
fa l
um ina and chromic o
xid
. T he

A Ne w Measur
ing Spoon Wh
ich S
aves Much
T
i me a
nd Many Poor Mixtures
. I
t A
lways Leve
ls
Of
f t
he Spoon Even a
nd I
s Gradua
ted a
s I
ndica
ted
.

e
n
ted i
n
ven
tion w
hich r
e
duc
es t
o s
imp
les
t
f
o
rm e
xa
ct m
easur
emen
ts w
hile u
s
ing t
h
e
f
ewe
st p
o
ssib
le u
t
ens
ils
.

T
he s
e
t c
on
sis
ts o
f t
h
ree s
p
oon
s f
r
om
o
ne
-fou
rth t
o at
e
aspoon
, a
l r
i
vet
ed t
o a
c
l
eve
rly c
on
triv
ed b
ar s
o t
h
at t
h
e u
nus
ed
s
p
oon
s f
o
rm a h
and
le, w
hil
e t
h
e t
h
umb
e
a
si
ly p
ush
es t
h
e b
ar a
c
ros
s t
h
e s
p
oon
ful
o
f m
ate
ria
l, t
h
us s
e
cur
ing w
i
thou
t u
s
ing
a
no
the
r a
r
tic
le —u
sua
lly a k
n
ife—
the l
e
vel
Do You Kno w That Rub
les Are Moro Valuab
le
s
p
oon
ful n
ow s
p
ecif
ied i
n c
u
linary r
e
cipe
s Than Dia monds? With Th
is Furnace You can
Make '
Emu by t
he Pound
. Don
't Forget t
o S
end
a
nd o
t
her f
o
rmu
lae
. Us a Fe w Pounds!
1
30 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

p
ropor
tion in which th
ese t
wo c
hem
ica
ls s
e
rve to fasten bot t
l e to a vo
id i t
s fal
ling
o
c
cur i n t
h
e ruby ar
e: f
r
om s he
lf, and also t on o
tify an i g
norant
p
er
son of the pre
s enc e of poison. P roceed
Alum ina 9
8% t
ofir
st con
struct u pright, A, 2 " hi
gh, 13/
2"
C
h rom ic O x
id . 2% w
ide, a
nd 3/
2" t
hick. Fa
sten b
l
oc k t
o s
hel
f
b
y sc
rew 1 . A t any h eight p ut inb i
nding
The m ix tu re i sthen g round i n
to ap ow- po
sts on block, as s hown i n fi
gure
. C on-
d
er a nd p lac ed i nt he h opp er A . "B" is s
t
ruct clamp s 5a nd 6 o ut o f old c l
ock
a
n e lec
t rical t app e
r w hich s hak es t he pow- sp
rings heated, ben t i n abov e des
ign a nd
d
er t hrough t he s ieve " C" i nto t he tube re
temp e
red. Th ese s h
ou ld b e const
ru c
ted
"D." Thr ough t h
i s t ube t h e o xygen i s a
c
cording t o th
e c i
r cum ference of b o
ttle
,
s
upp l
ied t hrough t he t ube " E
." Th e two le
aving 74"b etween X a nd Y.
g
ases a re i gnited a t " F." "G" i s ap lat
-
f
orm m ade o f ah ighly r efracto ry s u
bstance
a
gainstw hich t hef l
am es t
rikes a nd o nw h
ich
t
he r uby i sf orm ed i n ap e
ar- shap ed m ass
.
The r at e o f f l
ow o f t he p owd er a nd t h
e
t
emp eratu r eo ft he o xy-hydrog en f l
am e m u
st
b
e r egulat ed v ery c arefully. Wh en ah ead
o
f s uficien t s ize h a s f o
rmed t he h eat is
g
radua lly l ower ed s o th a
t t he g em m ay be
f
ree f rom g r
ea t s tresses
. Wh en i t h a
s
c
ooled, i ti sb rok en o f t he base a nd s ent to
t
he c ut
t er w ho f i
nish e
s t he gem .
I
tisimpor
tant t
ha
t th
e i
ngr
edien
ts u
sed
i
n p
roduc
ing th
e min
era
ls b
e of t
he p
ure
st
o
b
tainab
le.
W hen t
he Po
ison Bo
ttle I
s Re moved Fro m t
he
C
ontact S
trips
, They Spr ing Toge ther
, C
los
ing
an A
lar m Be
ll Circu
it.
A "
COST
-LESS" N
IGHT LAMP
.

Obtain a smal
l be
ll-r
inging t
rans
form- Connect sp
ring arm s at p
ost
s a nd con-
e
r th
a t gi
ves t
hr
ee vo
ltages on t
h
e second
- n
ec
t p os
ts to ba
tter
ies and warning bel
l as
a
ry
, a l
so a 14 volt Chr
istmas t
ree lamp
. i
nd
icated in fi
gure
s. Wh en at night
, any-
Then pur chase a w all socket t ha
t w i
ll o
ne r emove
s t he bott
le the sp
rings c ome
h
old th
is bulb a nd connect the w all so
cket t
og
eth er a
nd thus make co
ntac
t accord
ing ly
.
t
othe 14 volt terminals ofthe transform er
. The be
ll ri
ngs asw arning o
fp o
ison.
Hav
ing c onne ct
ed t he trans
form er to the
10 vol
t A.C . current
, i n
ser
t t h
e b ulb
. The
r
e
sult is alight that ilumina t
es t he whole
h
ousesufic
ien tly a
tn ight
. Y ou c an ope
rate TH
IEF CATCHER
.
t
h
is same bulb e very night
, a l ni ght lo
ng, V
ery o f
ten p eople are bother ed b y noc-
f
or year
s. The a moun t of c u
r rent used t
u
rnal ch e
rry t h
i eve
s. H ence t h
is c l
ever
s
c
arcely ca
u ses the meter tom ove. t
r
ap w as m ade by a nneal
ing o ne e nd o f a
c
l
ock spring a nd p uncturing i tw ith t wo
s
c
rews. N ext sc
r ew itto aw ooden b a
se so
t
ha
t the fr
eee nd i sc
lamped t ot heb asew ith
ELECTR
IC W ARN
ING FOR PO
ISON
ali
tt
le p r
essure. Th en s crew a p iece of
BOTTLES
.
m
etal o
n the base sot h
at the spring r e
sts on
Th
is i
nst
rument i
sus
ed i
ntwo way
s as i
t
. The s pring a nd metal are c onnected so
f
o
llows: The c
l
amps 5a
nd 6ini
lu
stra
tion a
stoc l
ose ab ell ci
rcui
t. As mall b l
ock of
 LABORATORY H
INTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Elec
trica
l). 1
31

n
on-conducting m ater
ial i splaced betw een
t
he sp
ring and m etal contact
s a nd at h
r ead S
aw el
s-, I
ndsb
e »a d
:
Fe ed
t
i
ed a r
ound t he block
, s o that the pul
ling C
OP e
) o
ree
ee
o
f the thr
ead w ill pull the block out a nd
c
au
s e th
e circu
it t obe closed
. The t hr ead
e
nc
ircles t
he tr
ee a nd th
e t h
ief w a
lking i n
to
i
tr i
ngs the bel
l. Th is d ev
ice c o
sts pr a
c-
t
i
cal
ly n o
thing a nd m ay save m any dollars f
uSe
w
orth off ru
it and poultry. Rene wab
le Fuse Eas
ily Made
.

b
en t in a
nd in th
is manne
r the ca
ps a
re
A HOME
-MADE PUSH
-BUTTON
. f
a
s tened p
ermanen
tly t
othe f
i
ber t
u
be. Th
e
B
elow is ad
es
c r
iption and i
lu
stra
tion a
sbestos f
i
ll
ing is remov
ed and the t
ub
e
o
f ahome
-made p
ush-button
. c
l
ean ed ou
t.

To renew s uch af use iti

sonly necessary
t
o run al ength o f w ire of th
e proper s i
ze
t
hrough t he t u
be a nd b end the ends of the
w
ire around t h
e e ndso ft he t
ube, thu
sm ak-
i
ng connection t ot h
e b rass c
aps
. When t he
f
use blows t he m elted m etal wil
l not s pa
t-
t
er
, since i tisc onf
in ed by the tube
. C orks
m
ay b e pla ced i n the e nds of the tube to
p
revent u ndue s p
lashing o f the hot m eta
l,
b
ut one of t hem s hould h ave aV -
shape s l
ot
c
ut int h
e s i
de t oa c
t a s avent f
or the gases
.
c
o
nneen
s
l
e
/ors
c
r
ee t
oelde
orm
eel
F
ig 1
, f
ie2

Here
's a Nif
ty Brass Push Button Made f
ro m t
he
She
ll of a Discarded La mp S
ocket
.
E
LECTR
IC B
READ RA
ISER
.

The t
op p
art of a
n ol d e
l
ect
ric lamp A b
ox of s
ui
table si
ze isfi
tt
ed with ai
r
s
ock
et i
sus
ed f
or t
he c
a
se, assh
own i nFig
. t
i
ght c
over a
nd a 3 2 candl
e-power ca
rbon
1
, and t
he a
s
sembled b
utton isshown in l
amp s
c
rewed inthe bo
ttom o fth
e b
ox. The
F
igs
. 2and 3
,w h
ich e
xplain t
hemse
lves
. s
he
lf t
hat th
e b r
ead r e
sts on ismade of

A S
IMPLE RENE WABLE FUSE
.
P
an o
f
Ama t
eur s uti
liz
ing l arge a
mount
s ofcur
- b
read
r
ent usually h ave trouble wi
th th
eir f
us
es
b
l
ow ing o u
t. A m ethod t h
at makes t
h
is
o
ccurrence l es
s e xpensive is t
o make u
se
o
f th
e s o
-called renewab le f
us
es.
Ca
rtridge f u
ses may e a
si
ly b e arranged
s
o that new p i
ece
s o f fu
se w ire m ay be
p
ut in very e a
si
ly. A f use o f t
he p r
oper
s
i
ze a s regards the cl
ips iso bta
ined a nd
t
h
e b r
ass c aps s
l
it wi
th as aw ass h
own i n
t
he i
lustration, t
hus c
utt
ing t he e
nds ofthe An E
lec
tric Bread Ra
iser— S
i mp
ly P
lace a 3
2 C
'
. P
.
I
ncandescent La mp Under t
he ran o
f Bread and
c
aps i
nto four pi
ece
s. T he p o
inted ends a
te Wa
tch t
he Resul
ts.
1
32 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

s
l
ats
, s
paced a
bout t
wo inches a
par
t. This D is awing nut a
nd s
cr
ew, w
hich c
an
i
sdone to a
low th
e heat to r
ad
iate f
r
eely b
e cl
amp ed to k
e
ep th
e p
iece Ca
t it
s a
d.
i
nthe box
, when t
he br
ead i sp
lac
ed i
ni t
. j
u
sted angle
.
T
he method h
as wo
rked o u
t wel
l.
T
he o
ld b
rush i
sla
id o
n ass
hown a
tE,
a
nd C a
d
just
ed tothe n
ea
res
t a
ngl
e. The

TELL
-TALE FOR REFRIGERATOR DR
IP A
PAN
.
Thi
st e
ll-tale for a n ic
e box d r
ip-pan c on-
s
its of ap iece of h ard w ood o r fi
ber c ut
i
n
to the fo
rm ( A). Ap i
ece ofN o
. 1 4c op-
p
er wire isb ent into t he form ( C). T his
f
o
rm i salow ed tot urn on p i
vot ( E),w hich
i
s ac urr
en t c ar
rying p art o f the c i
r cuit. A T
i me
-sav
ing Carbon Brush Fac
ing Device
.
Wh en th
e p an isf ull o f w a
ter, th e f o
rm
(C) fl
oats u p by m ean s of ap i
ece o fw ood f
i
l
e i spl
aced on B. Th e new bru
sh ish e
ld
(
cork isg ood) a ttached t o th
e e nd. T he a
ga
in s
t Bb earing ag
ainst the fi
l
e. Thi
s
c
opper wire m ake
s c ontact with ( D), a nd d
evice roughs o u
t t h
e b rush to approxi
-
t
he bel
l r ings, indicating t h
at t he pan i s ma
t e
ly th
e r i
ghts h
ape. T he c
lamp st
rip A
f
u
l l
. Th e n otch ( B) m ak e
s i tpossible t o m
ay b e graduated to co
rrespond with dif
-
t
ake th
e de vice of
f w hen e mptying t he p an. f
e
ren t a
ngles.
Aft
er b eveling off the b rushes i n th
is
w
ay t o a pproximately the c o
rrec t angle
,
t
hey are p l
aced i n th
e b r
u sh h olders and
s
haped to f i
t t h
e commu tator c urv e ac
cu-
r
a
t e
ly by p u
lling ap i
ece ofs and-pap er b
ack
a
nd f or
th u nd er th
e b ru
sh. H old down
o
n both ends o fthe sa
nd-pap er —no t up
.

PO
ISON PREVENTER
.
The f o
llow ing w i
ll b e f ound a u seful
p
revention f r
om t aking p oison by a cc
id ent:
I
n t h
e c o
rk o f th
e b ott
le i nsert some p ins
s
ot hat they e x
tend a bove t he cork slightly
a
nd are th u
s e xpos
ed . C over the cork w ith
t
hes
e e xc
ep t as mal
l s p
a c
es ot hatthef i
ng ers
S mpl
ieity I
s S
ta mped A
ll Over Th
is Ho me- made c
an h o
ld t he cork w ithou t being p r
ick ed.
Refr
igera
tor Dr
ip-pan A
lar m
. I
t Costs But a The idea ist hat w hen ap erson t a
kes h old
Few C
ents t
o Make and Wil
l Save Your Carpets
o
f this bottle i n the dark t h
ey i nvar
iab ly
and Hard
-wood F
loors
.
w
ill be p r
ick ed by t he p ins
, w hich w arns
t
hem t hat the bott
le c ontains poison.

DEV
ICE FOR SHAP
ING NE W BRUSHES
FOR COMMUTATORS. TO PO
ISON RATS
.
The d
raw
ing shows asi mp
le d
ev
ice for Mix tog
ether 2o z
s. o
f ca
rbona
t of b
ar
-
s
h
aping new bru
shes for commuta
tor
s o f y
t
es with 1o z
. of la
rd a
nd l a
y iti
nthe
ir
m
otors a
nd d
ynamos
. T h
e str
ip A i
sfa
sten- w
ay. A lso pu
t ad i
sh ofw a
ter n
ear
, asit
e
d toth
e bo
ard B, wh
ile p
iece Cishi
ng ed c
au
ses gr
eat th
irs
t and a
ssoon ast
hey d
r
ink
t
o B. t
h
ey die in
stan
tly.
 LABORATORY HINTS AND EXPERIMENTS (
Elec
trica
l). 1
33

S
I MPLE C
IRCU
IT I
NTERRUPTER
. o
ut t
o th
e bind
ing pos
ts and connect
ed to
S
mal
l na
ils a
re d
r
iven in aboa
rd one- t
h
e 10 main
s. Th i
s is afi
ne h
eater
, hea
t-
h
a
lf an i
n
ch apa
rt a
nd co
nnect
ed tog
eth
er i
ng t
he i
ron in 172 t
o 2minutes and wi
ll
l
a
st alo
ng time i
fproper
ly handled
.

CONVERTING ELECTRIC FAN I

NTO
BUFFER AND GRINDER
.
An ordinary e
lec
tric fan m ay be eas
ily
c
onvert
ed i n
to abuf er or g
r
ind er by d
ril
l-
i
ng bo
th e nd
s of t
he armatur
e w ith anum -
b
er 6d r
ill
, then t
ap itw i
th a 3 /
4-i
nch tap
.
Take two pi
ece
s of 3/
s-
inch round ir
on, 4
i
nch
es l o
ng, and turn down a bout 1i nch
o
n one end s o a
s t
o c u
t a3 /4-i
nch th
read.
T
o arCe,

S
i mp
lest C ircuit I
nterrupter For med of a Ring
o
f Na i
ls, Against W hich a Brass Spring Moun
ted
on a Crank Is Turned .

b
y w
ire. Ac r
ank pi
vot
ed int h
e c
ente
r has
as
pr
ing brass s
t
rip s
o
ldered t
oit
. On t u
rn-
i
ng th
e c r
ank fas
t or sl
ow, the c
i
rcuit i
s
i
n
ter
rup t
ed.

ELECTR
IC SOLDER
ING I
RON HEATER
.
T
he tu
be he
re sh
own ism ade of s
h
eet
i
r
on or s
t
eel b
ent a
round a 174-
i
nch p
ipe
.

Zkg
/er
.f #2
4 45 e G
errme
,si
l
ver m
i-e
T
ube ofl
one
Conver
ted Fan- Motor S erving a
s Buf
fer and
Grinder.

The 74-inch end i st o f i

t in t
he a rmatur e
s
haft
. On t he oth er e nd a Win ch thread
i
st o be cut t
o ta ke b uf er and l o
ck n uts.
Two s e
t s c
rews a re u sed o n each s i
de t o
k
eep bufer and w he e
l f rom loo
sening. Th e
s
ame w ork i sperfo rm ed o n th
e o ther e nd
o
ft h
e shaft o
r an e m
e ry w hee
l m ay beu sed.
Thi
s m akes av e
ry h andy m achine, sui
tab le
f
or grinding, buffing a nd poli
shing s mall
E
lectr
ic heater f
or t he S oldering I ron, Co mpr
is-
i
ng a Meta
l Tubo Wound w ith S everal Yards a i
ns
trum ent parts
.
R esista nce Wire.

R
emove ita nd bend u p th
e edges about 3 /
4
i
n
ch to hold o n the w inding a nd insula-
t
i
on. Firs
t w ind two layers o
fm ica around
t
h
e tub
e, then one lay
er o f No
. 2 4 German
S
i
lver re
s
istance w i
r e
, t h
en t wo m ore lay-
e
r
s of m
ica a nd another lay
er ofw ire
. T he a
t
o
tal le
ngth o f wire i s4 5 fee
t o r so
, a s
Ho w Motor S
haft Is Extended by Threaded S
ec-
f
ound by experiment. Th ese are brough t t
ions a
t Either End,
1
34 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

AN ELECTR
IC GAS L
IGHTER FOR THE -
The wires le
ading t
o t he li
ne a
nd i
n-
"
LAB
." d
uctanc
e a re fl
exib
le cords a nd m
ay be
b
rought ou
t t osmall t
e
rm inal
s on t
he s
i
de
o
ft h
e ca
sing.
The i n
ductance can b e va
ried b y th
e
n
umb e
r o r tu
rns requ
ired for difer
ent cy
-
c
l
es; th
e i n
ductance u
sed by th
e w r
iter wa
s
o
b
tained f r
om a n old A. C. arc li
ght bu
t
o
ne may b e ea
sily co
nstruct
ed b y wind
ing
anumb er of turn
s of w i
re around a sof
t
i
r
on core.

A S
I MPLE TROUBLE LAMP
.

De
scr
ibed b
e
low is ap
l
an o
f av
e
ry
s
imp
le tr
oub
le l
amp
.

As you w i
ll se
e b y lo
oking att he sket
ch,
t
he bu
lb i sconnected to around-head s c
rew,
wh
ich m ak es contact with the wi re which
r
uns in
to ah ol
e i nt h
e handle
. T he so
cket
f
or the b ulb i s m ade b y wind ing w ire
a
round i t
s b as
e, a nd tack
ing e ach e nd to
t
hehand l
e. T he push c
ontact ism ade fr
om
Th
is E
lectr
ic Gas L
ighter Wi
ll Be Found a asho
rtp iece oft h
in bras
s.
D
ist
inct Conven
ience i
n Every Shop and Labora
-
t
ory
. tse an I
ron Core I
nductance On A
. C
.
C
ircu
its and a Res
istance C
oil On D
. C
. C
ircu
its
.

A
n e l
ectr
ic gas lighte
r i snot only an e-
c
es
sity b ut ac onvenience
, e sp
ecial
ly i n l a
-
b
oratories and s uch p l
aces, w here g as i s
t
urned o n a nd o f
f a t frequent i n
tervals.
The s k
etch show s how o ne w as construct-
e
d w ith a few t ools and i n av ery s hort
l
ength o f time. T he casing ( F) i s of
h
ard r u
bber o r fi
ber s awed a s shown i n
s
ketch; the bu
shing s (E) a nd (E') are also
h
ard r ubber or fi
b e
r, but c an be m ade o f
i
mpregnated ha
rd w ood. Sp
ring ( C
) isto
k
eep th
e m ovable el
ect
rode s
epa
rated f
rom
t
h
e s t
ationary ele
ctrode (A) ; (D ) i
s a
c
l
amp a
r
ound t
h
e m
ovab
le e
l
ectrod
e t
oho
ld A Wooden Fi
le Handle
, a Battery La mp
, and S o me
Wire —You Then Have a Handy Troub le La mp .
t
h
e s
p
ring i
nit
spr
ope
r p
l
ace
. A Push Button Can Be Added i f Desired
.

g
e
t
 M
isc
ellan
eou
sFo
rmu
las
.
MARK
ING PO
ISON BOTTLES
. i
n
to a
l
l th
e ve
sse
ls o
ft h
e body a
nd y
ou c
an
A very co
nv en
ient w ay to m a
rk b ottle
s t
hu
s p
re
serve c
at
s, d
ogs
, bi
rds, f
i
sh
, e
t
c.
c
on
taining poi
sons so that th
ey c an readi
ly
b
e dist
ingu
ished i n da
rk r oom s or c l
oset
s
i
stoc ut api
ece ofheavy, coa
rse sand-paper
t
h
e size o
ft he to
p oft he co
rk and paste or FULM
INAT
ING PO WDER
.
g
l
ue t he p
iece on the t o
p o f th
e c ork or
Mix toge
ther in aw a
rm m o
rtar one p
ar
t
s
t
opper ofthe poi
son bottl
e. A s one'
s h and
o
fsal
tpeter, t
wo par
t s s
ulfur
. P lace o
n th
e
i
n
variably c
om es incontact wi
th t h
e t op of e
dge of afi
re sh
ovel and hold ov
er the f
i
re
.
I
tw i
ll turn b
lack and explode wi
th al o
ud
S
andpap
er r
epo
rt.
l
ued
oncot*

TO RESTORE THE E
LAST
ICITY OF
RUBBER
.
I
mm er
se th
e ar
ticle i
n amixtu
reo fw ater
o
fa mmonia
, 1part, and w
ater 2p ar
tsu n
til
t
h
e objec
t recov
er s it
s f
orm er smoothn
ess.

Take a Disc o
f S and-paper or E mery Paper and
G
lue It o n Top o f Your Po ison Bottle Cork — NO
-GLARE HEADL
IGHTS
.
a Cheap Yet E f
icient Marker W h ich You Can't
Miss In the Dark. P
as
te a pi
ece o
f or
dinary p
araf
f
in pape
r
o
n th
e ins
ide o
f th
e gl
ass
. Al i
ght sofi
x
t
t
h
e c o
rk inopening ab
ot
tle
, t
h
is s
imp
le d
e
- i
slawfu
l and g
iv
es agood d
riv
ing li
ght
.
v
i
ce w i
ll prevent m
is
tak
ing a b
ot
tle c
on
-
t
a
ining po
ison for a
no
ther
.

L
ITMUS PAPER
.
Th
is paper i
sprepared b
y bo
il
ing li
tmus,
TO REMOVE PA
INT
.
a
nd st
eeping the paper i
n th
e li
quid; th
is
T
o r
emove pa
int w
ithou
t leav
ing any p
aper t
urns re
d w hen to
uched by a
cid
s.
t
r
ace
s u
s
e et
her o
n api
ece o
fch
eesec
loth
.

ROSE WOOD COLOR

TO PRESERVE DEAD PETS
. Bo
il in g
al
lon ofw at
er, 1p ound lo
g-
O
ne lb
. ofdry s
u
lfat
e ofalum
inum, o
ne- w
ood chips and Y2 pound red sa
ndalwood.
f
i
th of aqua
rt ofwater a
nd tw
enty g
ra
ins A
pply tot h
e w ood, th
en go ov
er i twi
th a
o
f a
rsenou
s ac
id, we
ll mixed
. I n
jec
t th
is m
ixture of a
sphal
tum a nd tu
rpentine
.

f
e
ll

1
35
I l
 A
ppend
ix.
PO
ISON ANT
IDOTES
.

P
oisons
. (
a) Ac
ids
. An
tido
tes
.

Oxalic C
halk
, w
hit
ing
, o
r m
agn
esia i
nwa
ter
.
N
itric
B
ica
rbonate of s
o
da, or c
arbona
te o
f magn
esia
, c
ha
lk;
Hydrochlor
ic
S
ulphuric i
n em
ergency
, p
las
ter o
f th
e ro
om b
eat
en up inw
ater
.
C
arbolic Whi
te of e
gg w e
ll b
eaten up with wa
ter
. A te
aspoonfu
l
Muriatic o
f mus
tard f
lour i
n ac up of h
ot wa
ter
.
N
itro- Muria
tic V
ery t
hick l
ime wat
er.
A
cetic S
oap a
nd w a
ter
, lime
, m agne
sia
, milk
, oi
l
, t
h
ick gru
el.
C
arbon
ic F
resh a
i
r, a
r
tif
ic
ial r
e
spira
tion
, f
r
ict
ion
.
T
arta
ric L
ime w
ater
, c
a
sto
r o
i
l
.
C
hrom
ic Wh
ite o
f e
gg i
n w
ate
r. Mu
sta
rd f
l
our
.
P
rus
sic C
ontinuous a
nd h
eavy douches o
fice c
o
ld wa
ter o
ver h
ead
a
nd back
. Mu s
tard plas
ters on s
toma
ch and so
les o
f
f
e
et. P rev
ent s
l
eep.

(
b) Me
tal
lic S
alt
s.

A
cetat
e of L
ead S
ulpha
te o
f so
da or magn
esia
.
B
ichroma
te o
f Pota
sh Magnes
ia a
nd cha
lk. Emetic
s.
N
itrate of Si
lver C
ommon sa
lt i
n wat
er, fo
llowed i mmedia
tely b
y eme
tic
.
P
reparation
s o r c ompounds
Wh
ite o
fegg i
nw at
er. T easpoonfu
l ofm us
tard f
l
our
o
f C hromium , A nt
imony,
Copper, Me rcury
, Zinc i
n c
up of h
o
t w at
er.

(
c) C
aus
tic A
lka
lines
.
Ammon
ia
V
inegar i
n w a
ter
. L
emon j u
ice
. O
il
. D
emu
lcen
t
P
ota
sh
d
rink
s. La
rg e d
os
es of m
ilk
.
S
oda
(
d) V
ege
tab
le P
oisons
.

I
vy S
al
ine la
xat
ive
s.
A
pply weak l
e
ad wat
er a
nd la
udanum, o
r l
ime wat
er a
nd
s
wee
t oi
l; o
r ba
the f
r
eely w
ith s
p
ir
its o
f ni
tre
.
A
lcoho
l S
t
rong c
o
ffee
. D
ouche
. S
t
omach p
ump
.
B
el
ladonna S
t
oma
ch p
ump
. Em
etic
s. C
off
ee. A
rt
if
icia
l r
e
spira
tion
.
D
igi
tal
is S
t
oma
ch p
ump
. Em
eti
cs. T
ann
ic a
c
id. S
t
imu
lan
ts.
Mu
shroom
s S
t
oma ch p
ump o
r e
met
ics
. C
astor o
i
l
. Warm
th. S
t
imu
-
l
a
nts
.
O
pium
, Morph
ine S
t
oma ch pump or e m
etic
s, i
n
hale a
mmon
ia. D
ouche
.
A
rtif
ic
ial r
e
spira
tion
.
N
ico
tine S
t
omach p ump o
r eme
tic
s; s
t
imulant
s, ta
nnic a
c
id. H
ot
a
pp
lica
tion
s t
o sk
in; ke
ep p
at
ient ly
ing down
.
1
37
1
38 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

PO
ISON ANT
IDOTES (
Con
tinued)

(
e) M
isce
llaneous
.

P
len ty o fm ustard f l
our inl a
rg e quant
ity ofhot w ater
.
E
ther
, Pe
troleum, B
enz
ine
, Co ld w ater d ouch es
. F re
sh a ir
. P revent ab
so lut
ely
F
rui
t E
ssence s
leep .
A
rsen
ic a
nd a
l c
ompound
s S toma ch p ump. T easpoon ful m ustard fl
our inhot w ater
.
Tea spoon ful dialyz ed i r
on m ix ed w i
th s ame quan t
ity
o
f c alc ined m agne sia e very fi
v e minutes for one hou r
.
Th en p lenty of o i
l
, o r milk
.
C
hlo
rofo
rm S
toma ch p ump o r e metic. S o
lution o f c
arbonate ofs oda
.
Mu s ta rd t o th
e h ea rt
.
C
oal Gas Musta rd t ot he he
a rt
. A rt
ific
ial r e
spira
tion. S t
imu lants
.
I
od
ine S
toma ch p ump o r e m et
ic. S t
ar ch.
P
hospho
rus (
mat
che) •
s •
.•Emetic. F rench o i
l o f turpentine. C opper S u
lpha te
.
Purga tives.
S
nak
e B
i
te C
aut eriza t
ion a nd l i
g ature. S timu lants
. P ermangana te
,
l
i
quor p otassae
, a rtif
icial r e
spiration
. Ammon ia i n
-
j
ection .

WE
IGHTS AND MEASURES
METR
IC SYSTE M
.

I
n place oft h
ec omp l
icated E ng l
ish sys
tem o fw e
ights and m easures, c
h emistsn ow
u
s
e t he very simple and c o
nv en
i ent m et
ric syst
em . Th is sy
stem i sbased on t he meter,
w
hich ha s al ength ofa bout 39.37 i n
. Th ere are three pr
inc ipal u n
its: th
e m et
er, the
l
i
t
er, and t he gram — th e unitso fl ength
, c a
pa c
ity, and weigh t
, r espect
ively
. Mu lt
iples
o
f the
se u ni
ts a re o
btain ed b y pref
ixing t ot he names o fthe p rincipal uni
ts t he G reek
w
ord s deka ( 10), hekto ( 100), a nd kilo (1,000) ;t he submu lt
iples
, o r s
ub -divi
sions,
a
r
e o bta
in ed b y p r
efixing t h
e L a
tin w ords deci ( 1/10), c enti ( 1/100), a nd m i
lli
(
1/1,000 ). T hese prefixes form t he key tot he en
tire sy
stem .
I
n t he following t ab
l e
s, t h
e a bbreviat
ion s of the principa l u n
its of t hese sub-
mu
ltiple
s b egin w i
th as mall let
ter, w hi
le t ho
se of t he multip l
es b eg
in w i
th ac ap
ital
l
e
tter
. C hem ist
s c ommon ly u se c .
c. for cubic c en
tim et
er. T he equivalents i n the
c
ommon u n
its inu se i n the U nited S ta
tes a r
e g i
ven i nc onn ect
ion w ith t h
e s
e t ab
les.

MEASURES OF WE
IGHT
.

1
0 m
il
ligram s - c
ent
igram ( c
g)
1
0 c
entigram s =1 d
ec
igram ( dg)
1
0 d
ec
ig ram s =1 g
ram ( g)
1
0 g
ram s =1 d
ekagram ( Dg)
1
0 d
ekag rams =1 h
ektogram (Hg )
1
0 h
ektog rams =1 k
i
lokram ( Kg)
1
,
000 k
i
log ram s =1 t
on ( T)
1gram = 1 5
.432 gra
ins Troy o
r .03527 oz
. avo
irdupo
is
.
1Kilogram = 2 .
2046 lb
. avo
irdupois o
r 2.6792 lb
. Troy
.
1 Metr
ic Ton =- 1.
1023 Ton of2,000 lb
s
.
The gram ist
he weight o
f 1cub
ic c
en
tim e
ter (
c.c
.) ofp u
re d
i
st
il
led w
ate
r ata
t
empe
ra ture o
f4° C.; t
he ki
logram i
sth
e weight o
f 1li
ter (
1.) o
fw a
ter
; t
hem e
tric
t
on i
st he we
ight o
f 1cubic me
ter (
cu
.m.) o
fw a
ter a
t4 ° C
.
 APPENDIX
. 1
39

MEASURES OF VOLUME
.

1
,
000 c
ub
ic m
il
limeter
s — 1c
ub
ic c
e
ntimete
r (c
.c
.)
1
,
000 c
ub
ic c
en
timeter
s — 1c
ub
ic d
ec
im e
ter (
cu
.dm.)
1
,
000 c
ub
ic d
ec
im e
ters — 1c
ub
ic m
eter (c
u.m
)
1c.
c
. .
0
61023 Cu
. in
ch
1cu
.m. = 35
.314 cu
. ft
. o
r 1
.
3079 C
u
. y
d
.

MEASURES OF CAPAC
ITY
.

1
0 m
il
lili
ters — 1c ent
ili
ter (c
1 )
1
0 c
ent
ili
ters — 1d eci
lit
er (dl)
1
0 d
ec
ilit
ers — 1l i
ter (1)
1
0 l
i
ters — 1d ekal
iter (Dl)
1
0 d
ekal
iter
s — 1h ektol
iter ( H
I)
1
0 h
ektol
ite
rs — 1k i
loli
ter ( K
1)
1lit
er = 61.023 c
u
. i
n
. o
r 1
.0567 l
i
quid qt. or .
9078 d
ry q
t
.
The li
ter i
sequa
l i
nvo
lume to 1c
u
. d m.

EQU
IVALENTS
.

MEASURES OF LENGTH
.
Me
tric U
. S
. Measure
1m
etre 3
9
.3704 i
n
ches
1d
ec
im e
tr e 3
.9370 i
n
ches
1c
e
ntimetre 0
.3937 i
nch
es
1m
il
limetre 0
.0393 i
n
ches
U
. S
. Me
tric
1y
a
rd (3 f
e
et or 3
6 i
n
che
s) 0
.
9143 mete
rs
1f
o
ot (
12 i
nch
es) 3
0.40 c
e
ntime
ter
s

ENGL
ISH S
YSTEM
.

One U nited S ta
tes g a
llon h a
s av o
lume o f2 31 Cu
. in
., and c onta
in s 4q t
., o
r 8pt
.
The E ngl
ish I mperial g a
llon c ontains 2 77.46 C u
. in.
, h ence t he E ngl
i sh ga
llon is
e
quiva
lent to 1 .
20032 U . S.g al
.
Ag al
lon o fp ure w ater at6 2° F .w eighs 1 33
.37 oz. or5 8,350 gr.; hence, 1pt
. o
f
p
ure w a
ter at6 2° F .w eighs 16 2 /3 oz
. , or al i
tt
le over 1l b
. Th e m easur e t
e
rm ed a
f
l
uid ounce is am easure o f vo
lume , and n o
t o f w e
ight, and i sequal to1 /16 p
art o
f
apint or a
pp roxima te
ly t he volum e o f 1o z. o f p
ure w a
ter.
One f l
u
id o unce i sequivalent t o 29
.57 c .c. and con
tains 4 55.86 g r
. o f wa
ter a
t
6
2° F . One g ram i se qu
ivalent t o 15
.43 g r
., and 1o z. avoirdupo i
s i se qu
iva
lent t
o
2
8.34 gr.
The u n
it of d ry m easure ist he bushel w hich con
tains 2,150.4 c u. in
.
The avoirdupo is pound c onta
in s 7,000 g r
.

MEASURES OF WE
IGHT (AVO
IRDUPO
IS)
.

4
37
.5 grains (g
r.) — 1ounce (oz
.)
1
6 o unces — 1pound ( l
b.)
1
00 p
ounds — 1hundredw eigh
t (
cwt
.)
2
0 cw
t., or 2
,000 l
bs — 1ton ( T)
T
. c w
t. l
b
. o
z. g
r
.
1-= 20 o
r 2,000 o
r 3
2,000 o
r 1
4
,000
,000
1
40 A THOUSAND AND ONE FORMULAS
.

TROY WE
IGHT
.

2
4 g
ra
ins (gr
.) — 1p
ennywe
ight (
pwt
.)
2
0 p
ennywe
ights — 1o
unce (
oz
.)
1
2 o
unce
s — 1p
ound (l
b.)
1l
b
. = 1
2 o
z
. o
r240 p
wt. o
r 5
,
760 g
r
.

DRY MEASURE
.

2p
int
s ( p
t.) — 1q
uart (q
t.)
8q
uarts — 1p
eck (pk
.)
4p
ecks — 1b
ushe
l ( bu
.)
1bu. = 4p k
. o
r 3
2 q
t
. o
r 6
4 p
t
.

L
IQU
ID MEASURE
.

4 g i
lls — 1p int (pt
.)
2 p in
ts — 1q uart (qt
.)
4quarts — 1g al
lon ( ga
l.)
3
1
.5 g al
lons — 1b arre
l ( bb
l.)
2 b arrels o
r 63 ga
llons — 1h ogshead (hhd.)
h
hd. b l. gal
. q
t
. p
t. g
i
lls
1= 2 o r 63 or 252 or 504 o
r 2
,016. *
Icub
ic f o
ot o
fw ate
r ati t
s max
imum den
sity 4° C., weighs 6
2
.425 l
b
. a
nd 1g
a
l.
w
eigh
s 8 .
345 l b
.

LONG
-TON TABLE
.

1
6 o
unce
s — 1p
ound (l
b.)
12 p
ounds — 1h
undr
edw eigh
t (
cwt
.)
2
0 c
wt
., or 2
,
240 l
b
s — 1t
on (L
.T.)

COMPAR ITED S
ISON OF UN TATES AND METR
IC S
YSTEMS
.

1C.C. X .
0
338 = flu
id oz
. 1l
i
te
r X 1
.0567 = qt
. (l
iqu
id)
1C.C. X .
6
08 = cu. in
. 1l
i
te
r X .2
64 = gal.
1cu.m. X 35
.315 = Cu. f
t
. 1l
i
te
r X .9
08 = qt. (d
ry)
g
. X .0
353 = oz
. 1l
i
t
er X .0
353 = c u
. in
.
g
a
l. X 3,
785 = l
i
ter 1m
. X 3
9
.37 = inch
g
r
. (Troy) X .0
648 = g
ram o
z
. (Troy) X 3 1
.104 = gr
am
k
g
. X 2 .
2046 = lb
. 1o
z
. (
avoirdupo
is) X 28
.35 = g
ram
1p
k
. X 9 .08 = l
i
ter 1q
t
. (
l
iquid) X . 9
46 = li
t
er

TABLE OF D
ISTANCES
.
A mile i
s 5
280 f
eet or 1
760 yards
A l
eague is 3m iles
A f
atho m is 6feet
A metre Is near
ly 3feet 3% i
nches
A hand is 4inches
A palm is 3inches
A s
pan is 9inches

*L
IQU
ID MEASURES
A barre
l h olds 3
1I/2 ga
llons
A hogshead h olds 63 ga
llons
A t
ierce h o
lds 4
2 g
allons
A p
uncheon h o
lds 8
4 g
allons
A t
un h o
lds 2
52 g
allons
 APPENDIX
. 1
41

PER CENT
. SOLUT
IONS
.

A t
able g
iv
ing t
he we
ight in g
r
ain
s (a
voirdupo
is) o
f any c
hemica
l sub
stanc
e re
-
q
u
ired t
om ak
e aper c
en
t solu
tion f
rom 1p
er cen
t to50 p
er c
en
t ba
s ed o
n the w
eigh
t
o
f o
ne g
a
llon o
fw ater a
t4 0° F
. = 8.
33888 l
b
s. (
avo
irdupo
is) o
r o
ne f
l
u
id o
unc
e o
f
w
ate
r we
ighing 4
56.03 g
rains (
avo
irdupo
is)
.

F
or e
a
ch f
l
u
id o
unc
e o
f w
ater t
a
ke:
F
or a 1p
er c
e
nt s
o
lut
ion 4
.
66 G
rain
s
2 9
.
38
3 1
4
.10
4 1
900
.
5 2
4
.00 ‘

6 2
9
.10 ‘

7 3
4
.30
8 3
9
.60
4
5
.09
i
f
9
1
0 5
0
.67
d
i

1
5
4
i 4
4
8
0
.48

2
0 14
.00
i
f

2
5
i
f i
f
1
52
.00

3
0 1
95
.44

3
5
i
f i
f
2
45
.56 ‘

4
0 3
04
.02 ,
‘

4
5 3
73.10
i
f

5
0
/
I
4
56.03

I
tsh
ould b
e n
o
ted t
h
at t
h
e a
bov
e t
a
ble a
pp
lie
s t
owa
ter
; p
e
rcen
tag
e s
o
lut
ion
s f
o
r
o
t
her l
i
quid
s w
ould n
ec
essa
rily h
ave t
o b
e f
i
gur
ed o
n t
h
e w
eigh
t o
f t
h
e p
a
rticu
lar
l
i
quid
.

P
erc
entag
e s
o
lut
ion
s a
r
e a
l
so s
ome
tim
es m
ade u
p f
r
om a s
a
tura
ted b
a
se. Th
is
m
ethod i
sin
cor
rec
t u
nle
ss i
tiss
o d
e
signa
ted i
ngi
ving t
h
e f
o
rmu
la, t
h
at i
s
,by s
t
at
ing
i
nth
e f
o
rmu
la s
a
tur
ated s
o
lut
ion b
a
se. S
uch p
e
rcen
tag
es a
r
e m
ade b
y p
l
acing i
nth
e
l
i
quid u
s
ed, m
ore o
f t
h
e c
h
emic
al t
h
an t
h
e l
i
quid w
i
ll c
a
rry i
nso
lut
ion ;t
h
is r
e
sul
ting
s
o
lut
ion i
sfi
l
ter
ed t
o r
emov
e t
h
e e
x
ces
s c
h
emica
l a
nd t
h
en u
s
ed a
s ab
a
se. F
or
e
xamp
le, t
o m
ake a1
0 p
e
r c
e
nt s
o
lut
ion
, 1
0 p
e
r c
e
nt o
f t
h
e b
a
se i
sus
ed a
nd 9
0 p
e
r
c
e
nt o
f t
h
e p
ure l
i
quid o
r i
n o
t
her w
ord
s, 1o
unc
e o
f t
h
e s
a
tura
ted s
o
lut
ion t
o 9
o
unc
es o
f t
h
e l
i
quid
.
1
42 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

CONVERS
ION OF MEASURE EXPRESSED I
N "
PARTS
."

S
ome t
im es af ormula i
n an e xperiment isexpres
sed in "par
t s
;" f o
r e x
amp le, a
f
o
rmu la m ay read: Use 1part of nitr
ic ac
id, 2p ar
ts of p
otass
ium b ichromate and 5
p
ar
ts of w ater
. A l
l that i
sneces
sa ry would be to des
ignate th
e e xa
ct q uan
tity t h
at
t
h
e p ar
t r ep
r e
sents; th
en, i
fo n
e g r a
in for so
l
id s and one minim f o
r l i
quid
s s hould
b
e us
ed, the above formula wou
ld w ork ou
t asf o
llows: Nitr
ic acid, 1m inim; po ta
s-
s
i
um b i
chroma te, 2g ra
ins
, and w a
t er, 5minim s
. O f cou
rse, th
is can be m ult
iplied
t
oany p r
opo rt
ion.
F
or f
u
rthe
r r
e
fer
enc e t
he fo
llowing t
a
ble w
ill a
lso be found ve
ry u
s
efu
l:
N
o. of G
ram s
,
p
arts Gra
ins Min
im s o
r
c
.
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0
2
0 1scr
. 2
0 2
0
5
0 5
0 5
0 5
0
6
0 1d r
. 1dr
. 6
0
1
00 1d
r. 2s cr
. 1dr
. 4 0 min. 1
00
2
50 7
2
' oz. 32 grs
. 3V
2 dr
. 4 0 min. 2
50
5
00 1oz
. 6 2 gr
s. 7
2 o
z. 10 min. 5
00
1
,
000 21/
4 o
z
. 1 6 grs
. 2oz
. 4 0 min. 1,
000
2,
500 572 oz
. 9 4 grs
. 5o z
. 1d r
. 40 m in. 2
,500
5,
000 11/
4 o
z. 79 g r
s. 1
0 oz. 3dr. 2
0 m in. 5
,000
1
0
,000 1lb
. 6/4 o
z. 49 gr
s. 2
0 oz. 6dr. 4
0 m in
. 1
0,000

TABLE FOR CHANG

ING OUNCES AND DRA MS I
NTO THOUSANDTHS OF A POUND
.

DRA MS
Ounces 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0 .
000 .
004 .
008 .
012 .
016 .
020 .
023 .
027 .
031 .
035 .
039 .
043 .
047 .
051 .
055 .
059

1 .
063 .
066 .
070 .
074 .
078 .
082 .
086 .
020 .
094 .
098 .
102 .
105 .
109 .
113 .
117 .
121
2 .
125 .
129 .
133 .
137 .
141 .
145 .
148 .
152 .
156 .
160 .
164 .
168 .
172 .
176 .
180 .
181
3 .
188 .
191 .
195 .
199 .
203 .
207 .
211 .
215 .
219 .
223 .
227 .
230 .
231 .
238 .
242 .
246
4 .
250 .
254 .
258 .
262 .
266 .
270 .
273 .
277 .
281 .
285 .
289 .
293 .
297 .
301 .
305 .
309

5 .
313 .
316 .
320 .
324 .
328 .
332 .
336 .
340 .
344 .
348 .
352 .
355 .
359 .
363 .
367 .
371
6 .
375 .
379 .
383 .
387 .
391 .
395 .
398 .
402 .
406 .
410 .
414 .
418 .
422 .
426 .
430 .
434
7 .
438 .
441 .
445 .
449 .
453 .
457 .
461 .
465 .
469 .
473 .
477 .
480 .
484 .
488 .
492 .
496
8 .
500 .
501 .
508 .
512 .
516 .
520 .
523 .
527 .
531 .
535 .
539 .
543 .
517 .
551 .
555 .
559

9 .
563 .
566 .
570 .
574 .
578 .
582 .
586 .
590 .
594 .
598 .
602 .
605 .
609 .
613 .
617 .
621
1
0 .
625 .
629 .
633 .
637 .
641 .
645 .
648 .
652 .
656 .
660 .
664 .
668 .
672 .
676 .
680 .
684
1
1 .
688 .
691 .
695 .
699 .
703 .
707 .
711 .
715 .
719 .
723 .
727 .
730 .
734 .
738 .
742 .
746
1
2 .
750 .
754 .
758 .
762 .
766 .
770 .
773 .
777 .
781 .
785 .
789 .
793 .
797 .
801 .
805 .
809

1
3 .
813 .
816 .
820 .
824 .
828 .
832 .
836 .
840 .
844 .
848 .
852 .
855 .
859 .
863 .
867 .
871
1
4 .
875 .
879 .
883 .
887 .
891 .
895 .
898 .
902 .
906 .
910 .
914 .
918 .
922 .
926 .
930 .
934
1
5 .
938 .
941 .
945 .
949 .
953 .
957 .
961 .
965 .
969 .
973 .
977 .
980 .
981 .
988 .
992 .
996

Left co
lu mn o
f f
igures represents OUNCES. Figures a
t t
op of c
olu mns r
epresent DRA MS.
Exa mple: To End deci mal equiva
lent o
f 4o
unces and 10 d
ra ms
, take the figures o
ppos
ite 4 a
nd
under 1
0. Result is .289
.
TABLE OF AVO
IRDUPO
IS WE
IGHTS
.
1
6 Ounces 1 Pound
1
6 Drams 1 Ounce
2
50 Drams 1 Pound
 APPENDIX
. 1
47

TABLE OF ATO M
IC WE
IGHTS
I
nter- Inter-
Approx i- national APprox i- national
mate Ato m
ic mate Ato mic
Na mes of S
ym - A
to m ic Weights Na mes of S
ym - A
to m ic We ights
E
le ments b
ols We
ight s 0 =16 H =1.008 E
le ments b
ols We
ights 0=16 H =1.008

A
lum
inum A
l 2
7 2
7
.1 Neodym
ium Nd 1
44 1
44
.3
An
timony S
b 1
20 1
20
.2 Neon Ne 2
0 2
0
.2
Argon A 4
0 3
9
.88 N
icke
l N
i 5
9 5
8
.68
A
rsen
ic A
s 7
5 7
4
.96 N
iob
ium Nb 9
3
.5 9
3
.5
B
arium Ba 1
37 1
37.37 N
iton (
rad
ium
B
ery
llium B
e 9 9
.
1 emana
tion
) N
t 2
22.4 2
22.4

B
ismu
th B
i 2
08 2
08.0 N
itrogen N 1
4 1
4
.01

B
oron B 1 1
.0 O
smium O
s 1
91 1
90.9

B
rom
ine B
r 8
0 7
9
.92 Oxygen 0 1
6 1
6
.00

C
adm
ium Cd 12 12
.40 P
allad
ium P
d 1
06 1
06.7

C
aes
ium C
s 1
33 1
32.81 P
hosphorus P 3
1 3
1
.04

C
alc
ium C
a 4
0 4
0.70 P
lat
inum P
t 1
95 1
95
.2

C
arbon C 1
2 1
2
.005 P
otass
ium K 3
9 3
9
.10

C
erium C
e 1
40 1
40.25 P
raseodym
ium P
r 1
40
.5 1
40
.9

Ch
lor
ine C
l 3
5
.5 3
5
.46 Rad
ium Ra 2
26.5 2
26.0

C
hrom
ium C
r 5
2 5
2
.0 Rhod
ium Rh 1
03 1
02
.9

C
oba
lt C
o 5
9 5
8
.97 Rub
idium Rb 8
5 8
5
.45

C
olumb
ium C
b 9
3
.5 9
3
.5 Ru
then
ium R
u 1
01
.5 1
01
.7

C
opper C
u 6
3
.5 6
3
.57 S
amar
ium Sm 1
50 1
50
.4

Dyspro
sium Dy 1
62.5 1
62.5 S
cand
ium S
c 4
4 4
4
.1

E
rbium E
r 1
67
.4 1
67.7 S
elen
ium S
e 7
9 7
9
.2

E
urop
ium E
u 1
52 1
52.0 S
i
licon S
i 2
8 2
8
.3
S
i
lver Ag 1
08 1
07
.88
F
luor
ine F 1
9 1
9
.0
S
odium Na 2
3 2
3
.00
Gado
lin
ium Gd 1
57 1
57.3
Ga
llium Ga 7
0 6
9
.9 S
tron
tium S
r 8
7
.5 8
7
.63
S
ulphur S 3
2 3
2
.06
German
ium Ge 7
2 7
2
.5
G
luc
inum G
I 9 9
.
1 Tan
talum Ta 1
81 1
81
.5

Go
ld Au 1
97 1
97.2 Te
llur
ium Te 1
27 1
27.5
He
lium He 4 4
.00 Terb
ium Tb 1
59 1
59
.2
Ho
lmium Ho 1
63.5 1
63
.5 Tha
llium T
I 2
04 2
04.0
Hydrogen H 1 1
.
008 Thor
ium Th 2
32 2
32.0
I
ndium I
n 15 14
.8 Thu
lium Tm 1
68
.5 1
68
.5
I
odine I 1
27 1
26
.92 T
in S
n 18 18
.7
I
r
idium I
r 1
93 1
93
.1 T
itan
iu m T
i 4
8 4
8
.1
I
ron F
e 5
6 5
.84 Tung
sten W 1
84 1
84
.0
Kryp
ton Kr 8
3 8
2
.92 Uran
ium U 2
38.5 2
38.2
L
anthanun L
a 1
39 1
39.0 Vanad
ium V 5
1 5
1
.0
L
ead P
b 2
07 2
07.20 Xenon X 1
30 1
30
.2
L
ith
ium L
i 7 6
.
94 Ye
tterb
ium
L
utec
ium L
u 1
74 1
75.0 (
Neoye
tterb
ium
)Yb 1
72 1
73
.5
Magnes
ium Mg 2
4 2
4
.32 Y
ttr
ium Y 8
9 8
.7
Mercury I
rg 2
00 2
00.6 Z
inc Z
n 6
5 6
5
.37
Mo
lybdenum Mo 9
6 9
6
.0 Z
ircon
ium Z
r 9
0
.5 9
0
.6
1
48 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

TABLE OF THE CHEM

ICAL E
LEMENTS ARRANGED I
N THE
ELECTROCHEM
ICAL S
ERIES

"
IIe
tal
s"

+
1. C
aes
ium 2
4
. C
opp er
2
. R
ubidium 2
5
. Mercury
3
. P
otas
sium 2
6
. S
i
lver
4
. S
odium 2
7
. P
al
lad ium
5
. L
i
thium 2
8
. P
la
tinum
6
. B
ar
ium 2
9
. G
old
7
. S
tront
ium 3
0
. I
r
idium
s
. C
alcium 3
1
. R
hodium
9. Magne s
ium 3
2
. O
smium
1
0
. A
lum inium
1
. C
h romium "N
on-M
eta
ls"
1
2
. Mang anese 3
. S
i
licon
1
3
. Z
inc 3
4
. C
arbon
1
4
. C
admium 3
5
. B
or on
1
5
. I
r
on 3
6
. N
itrog en
1
6
. C
oba
lt 3
7
. S
elenium
1
7
. N
ick
el 3
8
. P
ho sphorus
1
8
. T
in 3
9
. S
ulphur
1
9
. L
ead 4
0
. I
odine
2
0
. H
ydrog
en 4
1
. B
romine
2
1
. A
ntimony 4
2
. Ch
lor
ine
2
2
. B
i
smu th 4
3
. Oxyg
en
2
3
. A
rsen
ic - 4
4
. F
luor
ine

N
ote o
f E
xplana
tion
: The a
bove l
i
st s
how
s t
h
e o
rder i
n wh
ich t
h
e e
l
emen
ts d
i
splace
o
ne ano
ther f
rom th
eir s
al
ts. For in
stanc
e, me
tal
lic magne
sium wi
ll di
sp lac
e hydrog
en fr
om
d
i
lut
e acids a
nd w
il
l also p
rec
ipi
tat
e z i
nc fr
om a so
lut
ion o
f zi
nc s
alt
. Z inc in t
u
rn wil
l p
re-
c
i
pita
te i
r
on f
rom i
r
on s
a
lts; i
r
on w
il
l p
rec
ipi
tate c
opper f
r
om c
opper s
a
lts
; c
opper w
ill p
re-
c
i
pita
te s
i
lver f
r
om s
i
lver s
a
lts
, e
t
c. I
n t
h
is way
, as
e
rie
s h
as b
een w
orked o
ut s
uch t
ha
t a
ny
m
eta
l i
n t
he l
i
st w
ill (
genera
lly
) d
i
splace t
hose wh
ich f
o
llow i
t
, a
nd b
e d
i
splac
ed b
y t
ho
se
p
rec
eding i
t
.

S
econdary r
eac
tions s
ome
time
s p
reven
t t
h
e p
rec
ipi
tat
ion o
f t
he m
eta
l, b
ut i
n many c
ase
s
t
he d
i
splac
emen
t i
squan
tita
tive
. The f
ur
ther a
par
t t
h
e m
eta
ls i
n t
he s
e
rie
s, t
h
e g
rea
ter t
h
e
a
moun
t o
f h
eat l
i
bera
ted when r
eac
tion o
ccur
s a
nd i
n g
enera
l t
he g
rea
ter t
h
eir mu
tua
l r
e
-
a
c
t
ivi
ty.

The m
eta
ls p
r
eced
ing h
ydrog
en g
ive h
ydrogen when t
r
eated w
ith a
c
ids; t
hose f
o
llow
ing
i
tusua
lly d
o n
ot
.

Wi
th t
h
e e
xcep
tion o
f t
i
n, l
e
ad a
nd i
r
on, t
h
e m
eta
ls p
reced
ing h
ydrog
en a
re n
ot f
ound
f
r
ee i
n n
ature
, b
ut t
ho
se f
o
llow
ing i
tare
. The p
os
ition o
f o
xyg
en w
il
l m
ake o
ne r
eason f
or
t
h
is c
l
ear
.
 APPENDIX
. 1
49

TABLE OF BO
ILING PO
INT OF VAR
IOUS COMMERC
IAL L
IQU
IDS
L
iqu
id B
oil
ing P
oint C
ent
igrade

Ace ta ldehyde 2
1
Ace tic A cid ( Gla c
ial) 19
Ace tic A nhydr ide 1
36
Ace tone 5
6
Ace tophenone ( Hypnone ) 2
02
Amy la ceta te ( Banana O il) 1
48
Amy l A lcoho l ( Iso) ( Fusel Oi
l) 1
29
Ane tho l 2
35
Aniline 1
83
Aniso l e 1
55
Benzene 8
0.5
Benzy l A lcoho l 2
06
Benza ldehyde ( O
il o f B it
ter A l
-
m ond s) 1
79
B
enzy lac etate 2
06
B
r omb enzene 1
55
B
romo form 1
51
B
rom sty rene 1
44
Carbon D isulph ide 4
6
Carbon T etrach loride 7
6
Chlor oform 6
1
D
ia c etin 2
60
D
im ethy l A n
iline 1
93
D
iph enyl Me thane 2
63
D
iph enyl O xide ( Geran
ium A rt
ifi
-
c
ial) 2
59
E
the r 3
4.6
E
thy l A cetate 7
E
thy l ( Grain) A lcohol 7
8
E
thy l B enzoa te 2
13
E
thy l B rom id e 3
8
E
thy l C hlo r
ide 1
2.5
Euca lyp tol ( C
inco l) 1
76
F
o rm ic A c
id 1
01
Me r cury 3
57
Me thy l (W ood) A lcoho
l 6
6
Me thy l S alicylat e ( O
il of Win ter
-
g
r een) 2
19
N
i trob enz ene ( Oil o f Mirbane) 2
05
P
ara ld ehyde 1
24
P
h eno l ( Ca rbo l
ic A cid) 1
83
P
y r
id ine 15
S
afr ol 2
32
S
ulphur D ioxide —10
Terp ineo l 2
16
Tolu ene 10
Wa te r 1
00
Xylene 1
37
1
50 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

TABLE OF PRESSURE OR TENS

ION OF W ATER VAPOR AT
D
IFFERENT TEMPERATURES

T
e mperature T
e mperature P
ressure
i
n D
egrees i
n D
egrees i
n M
ill
i met
ers
C
ent
igrade Fahrenhe
it o
f Mercury

0 3
2
.0 4
.
6
2 3
5
.6 5
.
3
4 3
9
.2 6
.
1
8 4
6
.4 8
.
0
6 4
2
.8 7
.
0
1
0 5
0
.0 9
.
2
1
2 5
3
.6 1
0
.5
1
4 5
7
.2 1
.9
1
6 6
0
.8 1
3
.5
1
8 6
4
.4 1
5
.4
2
0 6
8
.0 1
7
.4
2
2 7
1
.6 1
9
.7
2
4 7
5
.2 2
2
.2
2
6 7
8
.8 2
5
.0
2
8 8
2
.4 2
8
.1
3
0 8
6
.0 3
1
.6
4
0 1
04
.0 5
.0
5
0 1
22
.0 9
2
.2
6
0 1
40
.0 1
49
.2
7
0 1
58
.0 2
33
.8
8
0 1
76
.0 3
55
.5
9
0 1
94
.0 5
26
.0
1
00 2
12.0 7
60
.0
10 2
30
.0 1
075
.4
1
20 2
48.0 1
491
.
1
30 2
66
.0 2
030
.
1
40 2
84.0 2
718
.
1
50 3
02
.0 3
581
.
1
60 3
20
.0 4
651
.
1
70 38
.0 5
961
.
1
80 3
56
.0 7
546
.
1
90 3
74.0 9
442
.
2
00 3
92.0 1688
.
2
10 4
10.0 1
4324
.
2
20 4
28.0 1
7389
.
2
30 4
46.0 2
0925
.
 APPENDIX
. 1
51

TABLE OF DENS
ITIES OF HEAVY L
ower
ing o
f T
empera
ture w
ith Wa
ter
-Sa
ll
L
IQU
IDS
. a
nd S
now
-Sa
lt M
ixtures
.
(
Non
-co
rro
siv
e)
(The a moun
ts sta
ted a
re o
n
ly a
pproxi
-
S
pec
if
ic
ma
te b ut sufi
cien
tly ex
act f
or p
ra
ctica
l
L
iqu
id G
rav
ity
p
urpos
es.)
C
arbon d
i
sulph
ide 1
.
25 And t he
par
ts
C
hloro
form 1
.
47 by w
b
e
eight
low The t
empera ture
I
f t
he s
a
lt a
re mixed (
Centigrade)
A
cety
lene t
e
trach
lor
ide 1
.
58 u
sed i
s with w
ill s
ink
1
00 p arts
C
arbon t
e
tra
chlo
ride 1
.
60 o
fw a ter
F
rom To Or
B
romo
form 2
.
88 C
rys
tal
lized a
lum 1
4 1
0
.8 0 9
.40 1
.
40
S
odium c
hlor
ide
A
cety
lene t
e
trabrom
ide 2
.
97
(
sal
t) 3
6 1
2
.6 1
0
.1 2
.5
Me
thy
lene i
o
dide 3
.
33 P
otassium s
ulpha
te 1
2 1
4
.7 1
.7 3
.
0
C
rys
tal
lized s
odiu m
Me
thy
lene i
o
dide s
a
tura
ted w
ith
p
hospha
te 1
4 1
0
.8 7
.
1 3
.7
i
o
doform 1
43 Ammoniu m s
ulpha
te 7
5 1
3
.2 6
.8 6
.4
C
rys
tal
lized s
odium
T
hal
lium s
i
lver n
i
tra
tet 4
.
5-4
.9 s
ulphate (
Glauber
's
Me
tal
lic g
a
llium * 5
.
95 S
alts) 2
0 1
2
.5 5
.7 6
.8
C
rystall
ized magnes
ium
Mer
cury 1
3
.59 s
ulpha
te (
Epsom
S
alts) 8
5 1
.1 3
.
1 8
.0
tMe
lts a
t 7
5C. C
rystall
ized s
odium
aMe
lts a
t 3
0 C
. c
arbona
te 4
0 1
0
.7 1
.
6 9
.
1
P
otass
iu m n
itra
te
(N
itre) 1
6 1
3
.2 3
.0 1
0
.2
Potassium c hloride 3
0 1
3
.2 0
.6 1
2
.6
Ammon ium c arbona te 3
0 1
5
.3 3
.2 1
2
.7
FREEZ
ING M
IXTURES
. C
rys tall
ized s od ium
acetate 8
5 1
0
.7 -4
.7 1
5
.4
The l ow t emp era tures w h
ich c an b e o b- Ammon ium c hloride
(
Sal Ammon iac) 3
0 1
3.3 -5.1 18
.4
t
a
in ed b y f reezing m ixtur es d epend i n t he S
od ium n itra
te ( Soda
main u pon t he he at o f so
lu t
ion o f s a
lts i n N
i tre) 7
5 1
3.2 -5.3 1
8.5
C
rysta ll
ized s od ium t hio-
water. When s alt s are d i
ssolv ed, j ust a s s
ulpha te (Hypo) 10 1
0.7 -8 .0 1
8.7
when l i
quids a re e vaporated, h ea t i su sed Potassium i od
ide 140 1
0
.8 -11 .7 2
2.5
Crysta l
lized c a
lc ium
u
p t hrough t h
e d oing o fw ork. Th isc aus e
s c
hloride 2
50 1
0
.8 -12 .4 2
3.2
w
ith v apo r
s, g as p res
sure, w ith s o
lution s
, Ammonium n itra te 6
0 1
3.6 -13 .6 2
7.2
Ammon iu m
o
smo tic o r s o
lu t
ion p r
essur e
. T he q uicker s
ulphocyana te 1
33 1
3
.2 -18.0 3
1.2
t
he s olution o f t he s a
lt r esults ( as t h
e Potassium
s
ulphocyana te .. . 150 1
0
.8 -23.7 3
4.5
q
uicker t he e vapo rat
ion o f af l
uid) t h
e
g
reater i st h
e a bsorp t
ion o f heat o r low e r
- If 1 00 P arts o f S now a t -1°C . a re M ixed
i
ng o f t he t emper ature. T he refo r
e s uch Wi th
s
a
lts a re e mployed f or f re
ez ing m ixtur es t
The T
ure w il
empera
l become
-

a
s c o ntpletely a nd q uickl y d is
s olve, a nd Parts o
f Centigra de
1
0 P otassium s ulpha te - 1 .90
t
h
ey a re a ccord ing ly r apidly m ix ed i n a 2 0 C rystall
ized s odium c arbona te - 2 .0

p
ulv e
r ized c ond it
i on w ith t he w ater ( or 1
3 P otassium n itra te ( Nitre) - 2 .85
3
0 P otassium c hlor ide 1
0
.9
s
n
ow ). I fi c
e o r s now o r salts c ontaining 2
5 Ammon iu m c hloride ( Sa
l Ammon iac) -15.4
w
at er o fc r
ystalliza tion are u sed, t he e fect 4
5 Ammon ium n it rate -16.75
5
0 S odium n itra te ( Soda N itre) -17.75
i
ss t
ill g reater b ecau se t hen h e
a t i sc om - 3
3 S odiu m c h
lor ide -21.3
b
i
ned t hrough t he t r
ansit
ion o f t he w ater 143 C rystal
lized c alcium c hloride
-50
f
r
om t he s o
lid t o t he fl
uid s tate
. S
olid c arbon d iox ide + e ther -100
1
52 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

b
ig
C
.
+

C
h
r
o
m
i
c
a
c
id

e
o
m
u
l
a
e
m
o
r
h
C

a
o
 APPENDIX
. 1
53

RULES RELAT
IVE TO THE C
IRCLE
, ETC
.
T
o F
ind Cir
cumfer
ence
Mu
ltip
ly d
iamete
r by 3
.
1416
. O
r d
i
vide d
i
ame
ter b
y 0
.
3183
.
T
o F
ind Diame
ter
Mu
ltip
ly ci
rcum
fer
enc
e b
y 0
.
3183
. O
r d
i
vide c
i
rcum
fer
ence b
y 3
.
1416
.
T
o F
ind Radiu
s
1
V
Iul
tip
ly cir
cum
fer
enc
e b
y 0
.
159
15. O
r d
i
vide c
i
rcum
fer
enc
e b
y 6
.
28318
.
T
o F
ind Si
de o
fan I
ns
crib
ed Squar
e
Mu
ltip
ly d
i
amet
er by 0.
7071
. O
r m
ult
iply ci
rcumfer
enc
e by 0.
2251
.
O
r d
i
vide c
ir
cum fe
rence b
y 4
.4428
T
o F
ind Side ofan Equa
l Squa
re
Mul
tip
ly d i
amete
r by 0.
8862. O
r d
i
vide d
i
amet
er by 1.
1284
.
O
r m u
ltip
ly ci
rcumfe
rence b
y 0.
2821
, O
r d
i
vide c
i
rcumfe
renc
e by 3
.545
.
SQUARE —
Asi
de mult
ipl
ied by 1.
1442 e
quals d
iameter of i
t
s cir
cum sc
ribing ci
rc
le.
Asi
de mul
tipl
ied by 4.
443 e
qua
ls ci
rcumference of it
s c
i
rcum scr
ibing ci
rc
le.
Asi
de mul
tipl
ied by 1.
128 e
qual
s diamet
er of an equal c
ir
cle.
Asi
de mul
tipl
ied by 3.
547 e
qua
ls ci
rcumference of a
n equal ci
rcle
.
S
qua
re i
nches mu
ltip
lied b
y 1.
273 equa
l circ
le in
ches of a
n equal ci
rc
le.
T
o F
ind th
e A rea of aCirc
le
Mul
tip
ly ci
r cumfe
rence by o
ne-quart
er of t
he d
iameter
.
Or mu
ltip
ly t h
e squar
e of di
ame t
er b y 0
.
7854.
Or mu
ltip
ly t h
e squa
re of c
ir
cum ference b
y .
07958.
Or mu
ltip
ly t h
e square o
f 72 diameter b
y _3
.
14 16
.
T
o F
ind the Surfa
ce of aSpher
e o r Gl
obe
Mul
tip
ly t h
e diam
eter by t
he ci
rcumferenc
e.
O
r m u
ltip
ly t h
e sq
uare of d
iam e
ter by 3.
1416
.
O
r m u
ltip
ly four t
ime
s the sq
uare ofradiu
s by 3
.
1416
.
T
o F
ind th
e We ight ofB ra
ss and C
opper S
hee
ts, R
ods a
nd Bars
.
A
sce
rtain t he n umber of c
u b
ic i
nch
es i
n p
iece a
nd mu
ltip
ly same by w
eigh
t pe
r
c
ubic i nch.
B
ras
s, 0 .
2972 .
C
opper
, 0 .3212 .
O
r m u
ltiply t he l
ength by t
he b
r
eadth (
in f
ee
t) and p
r
oduct by w
eight i
npound
s
p
er sq ua r
e foot
.
USEFUL RULES
.
To f
i
nd the area of at r
iang le, m u
ltiply the base by o
ne-half th
e pe rpend
icular
h
e
ight
.
To f
i
nd th
e a r
ea of at r
ap ezoid, add the two paralle
l si
des tog
ether and m ult
iply
t
h
e sum by ha
lf t h
e perpendicu lar dis
tanc e b
etw een them.
To f
i
nd th
e a r
ea of ar egula r o
ctagon, m u
ltiply th
e squar
e o f t
he di
am e
ter ofthe
i
n
scr
ibed ci
rc
le b y the dec
ima l . 828
.
To f
i
nd the area of ar e
gu lar hexagon, m ul
tiply the sq
uare of the d i
am e
ter of
t
h
e ins
crib
ed ci
rcle by the decima l .866.
To f
i
nd th
e a r
ea of ac ircle, m u
ltip
ly t h
e s q
uare o f t
he di
am e
ter by t he d
ecimal
.
7
854.
To f
i
nd th
e a r
ea of the section of af l
at bar
, or the ar
ea of ar e
ctangle, mult
iply
t
h
e width by t
he t h
icknes
s.
To f
i
nd th
e number o
fcub
ic i
n
che
s i
nany b
a
r, m
ult
iply t
h
e a
r
ea o
f i
t
sse
ct
ion i
n
i
n
che
s by it
s le
ngth i
n in
che
s.
 1
54 A THOUSAND AND ONE FOR MULAS
.

PROPERT
IES OF METALS
.

R
elat
ive R
elat
ive
R
esis
tanc e of Wi
res R
esi
stance P
ounds Depos
ited
N
ame
s o
f M
eta
ls S
pec
ific 1
00 f e
et long o
f Equal A
tomic i
n t
en h
ours by
G
ravity weighing 1 pound Vo
lume Weigh
t t
en Amperes

Copper 8
.94 1
.00 1
.06 6
3.4 .
2
636
S
ilver 1
0
.5 1
.113 1.
00 1
08. .
8
980
Gold 1
9
.26 2
.203 1.
27 1
97. .
5460
A
lum inum 2
.
56 .
526 1
.95 2
7. .
0
569
Z
inc 7
.
13 2
.732 3
.74 6
5.2 .
2710
P
latinum 2
1
.5 1
3
.62 6
.02 1
97. .
4
145
I
ron 7
.84 5
.33 6
.46 5
6. .
0776
N
ickel 8
.82 7
.69 8
.28 5
8.8 .
1222
T
in 7
.30 6
.75 8
.78 18. .
2453
L
ead 1
.4 1
5
.55 1
3.05 2
07. .
4
303
German Silver 8
.
5 1
2
.16 1
3
.92
Antimony 6
.72 1
6
.69 2
3
.60 1
22
. .
1
863
Manganese S t
eel 7
.
8 3
4
.82 4
2
.43
Mercury 1
3
.6 8
9
.7.6 6
2
.73 2
00. .
8
315
B
ismu th 9
.8 8
9
.92 8
7.23 2
10. .
3
492

SPECIF
IC GRAV
ITIES OF METALS
.
M
elt
ing point
S
pecif
ic We
ights p
er S
pec
if
ic F
ahrenheit
N
ame
s o
f Me
tals gravi
ty c
ub
ic fo
ot h
eat i
ndegrees

A
lum inum, c
ast 2
.
5 1
56.06 .
2
14,3
A
lum inum, h
ammered 2
.
67 1
66.67
Antimony 6
.
702 4
18.37 .
0
50,8 8
10.
Arsenic 5
.763 3
59.76 .
0
81,4 3
65.
Barium 4
. 2
49.7
B
ismu th 9
.
822 6
13.14 .
0
30,8 4
97.
Cadm ium 8
.604 5
37.1 .
0
56,7 5
00.
Calcium 1
.566 9
7
.76
Chrom ium 7
.3 455
.7
Coba l
t 8
.
6 5
36.86 .
1
07
Copper 8
.895 55.27 .
095
,1 1
,
996
.
Copper , r ol
led 8
.
878 54.21
Copper , c ast 8
.788 548
.59
Copper , d rawn 8
.946 58.47
Copper , h ammered 8
.958 59.25
Copper , p ressed 8
.931 57.52
Copper , e lectro
lyt
ic 8
.914 56.46
Gold 1
9
.258 1
,
202.18 .
0
32,4 2
,
016 .
I
ron, b ar 7
.483 467
.18 .
1
3 2
,786.
I
ron, w rough t 7
.79 4
86.29 .
1
13 3
,
286 .
S
teel 7
.85 490
.03 .
1
16 3
,286.
L
ead 1
.445 7
14.45 .
0
31,4 6
12.
Magne s
ium 2
.24 1
39.83 .
2
49,9
Manganese 6
.9 4
30.73 .
1
14 3
,000.
Mercury 1
3
.568 846
.98 .
0
31,9 3
8.
Nickel 7
.832 4
88.91 .
109
,1 2
,
800 .
P
la tinum 2
0
.3 1
,
267.22 .
0
32,4 3
,286.
Potassiu m .8
65 5
4
. .
1
69,6 1
36.
S
ilver 1
0
.522 6
56.84 .
0
57 1
,
873 .
S
od ium .
972 6
0
.68 .
2
93,4 1
94.
S
tron tium 2
.504 1
56.31
Tin 7
.291 4
55.14 .
0
56,2 4
42
Z
inc 6
.861 428
.29 .
0
95,5 7
73.

•
••••
 APPENDIX
. 1
55

TABLE OF S
IZES OF TAP DR
ILLS
Tap Threads Dr
ill f
or Dr
ill for U
. S
. Dr
ill f
or
D
iameter
, p
er inch
. V Thread. S
tandard
. Whitworth
.
/
14 1
6
, 18
, 2
0 e
s A H ?
u ?
u
h 1
6
, 18
, 2
0 t
'
s H i
î
A 1
6
, 18 1
2 H /
4
1 H
i
i 1
6
, 18 /
4
1 H
% 1
4
, 16
, 1
8 1
/
4 h h h 11
H 1
4
, 16
, 1
8 H aH
h 1
4
, 16 H H I
i H
H 1
4
, 16 H %
1
2
, 13
, 1
4 % H H H %
1
2
, 14
U 1
0
, 1, 1
2 H 1/
2 /
2
1 /
2
1 y
,
H 1
, 12 e
x 16
9
1
0
, 1, 1
2 H % %
H n H
Va
l 9
,10 t
i H H H
e
r
i 9 H
1 8 H î
l H

LUBRICANTS FOR CUTTIN G TOOLS

Tapping
,
Ma
ter
ial Turn
ing Chuck
ing Dr
ill
ing R
eam
ing
Mi
lling
Too
l S
tee
l Dry or O
il o
r O
il L
ard o
i
l L
ard o
i
l
O
il S
oap Water
S
oft S
tee
l Dry or Oi
l or L
ard o
i
l L
ard o
i
l
S
oap Wa ter S
oap Wa
ter S
oap Wa ter
Wrough
t I
ron Dry or O
il orLard o
il Lard oil
S
oap Wa terS
oap Wa ter S
oap Wa ter
C
as tIron Dry Dry Dry Dry O
il
Brass Dry Dry Dry Dry O
il
Copper Dry Dry Dry Mixture O
il
Babbit
t Dry Dry Dry O
il
Glass Turpent
ine or Kerosene
Mix ture is 1
/
2 Crude P etro
leum, % L ard 011
. 0 11 is S
perm or Lard S
perm preferable
.
When t wo lubr
icants are mentioned the f
irs
t is p
referab
le.

CURRENT REQU IRED BY M OTORS .

D
irec
t-Cu
rren
t Mo
tors A
lte
rna
ting-Cu
rrent Mo
tors
H
. P
. S
ing
le P
hase Two Pha
se (4 wi
re) Three P
hase (
3 wi
re)
10 V
. 20 V
. 5
00 V
. 10 V
. 20 V
. 500 V
. 1
0V. 20 V . 5
00 V
. 1 0V. 20 V
. 500 V
.
I 9 4
.5 2
.0 1
4 7 3
.1 6
.4 3
.
2 1
.4 7
.4 3
.
7 1.
6
2 1
7 8
.5 3
.7 24 1
2 5
.3 1 5
.
7 2
.5 1
3 6.
6 2
.9
3 26 1
3 ' 5
.6 3
4 1
7 7
.5 1
6 8
.
1 3
.5 19 9.
3 4
.1
5 4
0 2
0 8
.8 5
2 2
6 1 2
6 1
3 5
.5 3
0 1
5 6
.4
7/
2
1 60 3
0 1
3 7
4 3
7 1
6 3
8 1
9 8
.1 44 2
2 9
.3
1
0 76 3
8 1
7 9
4 4
7 2
1 4
4 22 1
0 50 2
5 1
2.
15 12 5
6 2
5 6
6 3 1
5 7
6 3
8 1
7
20 1
50 7
5 3
3 8 44 1
9 1
02 5
1 2
2
30 2
26 13 5
0 1
34 6
7 2
9 1
54 7
7 3
40 3
02 1
51 6
6 1
78 8
9 3
9 204 1
07 4
5
50 3
68 1
84 8
1 2
04 1
02 4
5 2
36 18 5
2
,7 5 52 2
76 122 3
08 1
54 6
8 3
56 1
78 7
7
1
00 7
36 3
68 1
62 408 2
04 9
0 4
72 2
36 1
04
1
50 1,
110 55 2
44 6
16 3
08 1
35 710 3
55 156
,2
00 1,4
74 7
37 324 8
18 4
09 1
80 9
40 4
70 208
Th
is t able g ives t he c urrent taken, at f ul
l l oad , b y v arious si
zes of e lectric mo tors f or
d
irec t and a lternat ing c urren t a
t the ordinary p ressures o f 10 , 220 and 500 v o
lts
. The c urren t
t
aken b y d irec t current mo tors d epends u pon the e ficiency, a nd w ith al
ternating -curren t motors
i
ta lso d epends u pon t he p ower factor. These q ua lities v ary s omewhat i n mo tors o f dif
feren t
make, so t he a bove v alues mus t be c on
sidered a s f air a verages. They a re u seful i n mak ing
wiring c alcu lations , fi
xing s ize of fuses
, e t
c. The c urren t given for t wo
-phase mo tors i s the
f
ull-load c urren t t aken i n e ach phase; the c urrent f or the t hree
-phase mo tors i s the curren t
i
n e ach o f t he t hree l ine w ires
.
 I
ndex
A P
age P
age

Accid ents w ith A cid s 9

5, 98 C
emen ting G la ss t o M etal 6 1 3
Acid I nk -E radica tor 24 C
emen ting M etal L e t
te rs t o Glass 1
3
Acid-P roo f C em ent 7 C
ement s 5
-7
Acid-P ro of T ab le T ops 83
, 8 4 C
emen ts f or W ork S hop 5
Adhe sive P laste r 48 C
ent ig rade T he rmome te r 1
43
A
l fenide 38 Chang ing T one o f G ong 1
17
A
lloy s 37
, 3 8 Chap te r I nd ex 3
A
lum inum L ac que r 37 Chem ica l B alan ce 1
14
A
lum inum P oli sh 36 Chem i cal B a rom eter 8
9
A
lum inum S olde r 4
1, 4 2 Chem i ca l C emen t à
Ama lgam R eceip ts 38 Chem ica l C olo r C hange s 1
08
Anti-Co r rosive P aint 81 Chem i ca l C ompo sition o f Atmo sphere 1
46
Antido tes, P o i
son 1
37, 138 Chem i cal E l emen ts
, T ables 1
48
Antique B ronze P aint 33 C
hem ica l F i re 7
2
A
ppend ix 1
37-155 Chem ica l G row ths 1
00, 1 01
Aqua forti s D ip 34 Chem ica l H int s f or Ama teu rs 9
8
A
r tif
icial Ambe r 1
1 Chem i cal I nd ica tor 1
09
A
r tif
icial I v o
ry 11 Chem ica l L abo ratory H ints a nd E xpe
rim
ents 8
7-115
A
r ti
ficial P etrifaction 1
03 C
hem ica l L and scape s 1
00
A
r tif
icial S kin 48 C
hem i cal S iphon 1
13
A
spha lt C ompo sition 12 C
hem i cal S now 1
11
A
tmo sphe r
e, C ompo sition o
f 1
46 C
hem ica l T rick s 1
01-108
A
tom ic W eigh ts 1
47 Chilb la ins C ure 4
9
A
t om izer U se 1
18 Chin e se F i re 6
7
A
u tomat ic S atura tor 88 Chin e se V a rn ish 8
0
Chlo ra te Me ta l P owd er 67
C
i rcle , R ule s 1
53
C
ir cu it I nte r rup ter 1
33
Barom e ter 8
9 C
lean ing B ras s 4
4
Baro scope 90 C
l ean ing C ompounds 82
Baths , P hotog raph ic 5
1 C
lean ing M eta ls 4
3
B
e lgian We ld ing P owder 4
3 C
lean ing P as t e 3
3
B
e ll A lloy s 3
9 C
liche A l
loy 39
B
enga l L ight s 7
2, 7 3 C
o ck M eta l 3
8
B
la ck C olor f o r B rass 3
4 C
o ins f o
r W eigh ts 1
21
B
lack D ip f o r B ra ss 3
4 C
o ld B ra zing 3
9
B
la ck ing f or H arnesses 2
8 C
o ld S ilvering 6
6
B
lack ing o f M e
ta ls 30 C
o ld S oft S older 40
B
lack ing s f o r S ho es a nd B oot
s 2
7 C
o lo red F i re 67
B
lack S old er 3
9 Colo red S olu t ions 1
52
B
low T or che s 1
15-119 C
o lo r f or L acqu er 3
5
B
lue -B lack C oa ting o n B rass 3
0 C
olo ring B ra s s 3
1, 3 2
B
lue B ron ze o n C opper 3
3 C
o lo ring S tee l 30
, 3 1
B
lue I nk 21-25 Compo sition o f A lloys 37
B
lue -P rin ting 56
, 5 7 C
ompo sition s o f A ll K inds 8
-12
B
lu ing B ra ss 3
1 C
ompo sition , W e lding 42
B
lu ing G un B arrels 3
1 C
ompounds 8
-12
B
lu ing M eta ls 3
1 C
on ve rsion o f M easur es 1
42
&
Blu ing S ilv er 3
2 C
onv e rsion o f T hermome ter S cales 1
22
-B
lu ing S t eel 3
1, 3 2 C
on ve rting F an i nto B uf er 1
35
Boiling P oin ts o f L iquids 1
49 C
oppe r B ronz ing f or Z inc 3
6
Boiling Wa t er —w ith I c
e 1
11 C
opper E tch ing 4
4
Boot B la ck ing 2
7 C
oppe r F ulm inat e 6
8
B
ouqu ets 4
7 C
opper P la ting 6
2
B
ra ss B la ck ing 3
0 C
oppe r P la ting w i
thout E lectr
i c
ity 6
2
B
ra ss E tch ing 4
4 C
oppe r S old er 3
0. 40
B
ra ss f o r M edals 3
9 C
opp er T est 37
B
ra ss P oli sh 3
3 C
opy ing I nk 20
B
ra ss S i gn s E tch ings 4
4 C
opy ing P roc ess 9 1 0
B
ra ss S olde r 39
, 4 0 C
o rk P ulle r 1
23
B
ron ze D ip 3
3 C
o rn C ure 4
9
B
ron ze E tch ing 4
4 C
our t P laste r 4
3
B
ronze P a int 3
6 C
ry sta l T re es 1
10
B
ronze P owd er s 33
, 3 4 C
u rr ent R equ i red b y Mo tor s 1
55
B
r onz ing B ra ss 33-36 C
u tle rs C ement 5
B
r onz ing C ompo sitions 3
3 Cutlery E t ch ing 4
4
B
ron zing C opper 3
6 C
ut ting G la ss 1
6, 1 7
, 1 8
B
ronz ing F lu ids 3
6 C
u tting G la ss B ot
tl es 16
Bronz ing L iqu ids 3
6 C
ut ting G la ss T ube s 1
7, 1 8
Bun sen B urne r 1
19 C
ymba ls A ll oy 3
9
Burn S alvo 4
8
Sucre tte- Pipe tte 87 D
i
l D
ancing E gg 1
02
D
ark G r een B ronze 3
4
C
abin e
t Mak ers V arnish 8
0 D
ark room L amp 5
3
C
anned H eat 1
09 D
ead B lack f or B rass 3
0
C
annon M etal 3
8 D
ead B lack f or B rasswork 3
4
C
arbon B r ush P lating 6
4 D
evelope rs 5
1
C
arbon C rucib le 1
28 D
isapp ear ing I nk 2
4
C
arpet S oap 4
8 D
isin fectant 49
C
arriage H arne s
s P oli
sh 2
8 D
istilled Wa t er S upplier 89
C
as e H arden ing 3
1 D
istilling A ppa ratus 89
C
asting S olde r B ars 4
3 D
oub le F lame B low T orch 15
C
elluloid C emen t 7 D
rafting II n
to 1
0
C
ement f or G lass and P orce
lain D
raw ing L inea 1
24
C
emen ting B ras s Letters to Gla
ss 1
3 D
ressing f or T an S hoes 2
7
C
ement ing B ra ss to Glass 1
55
5 D
rill a nd T ap T able
1
6

I
C
ementing G la ss to Class 6 D
rilling G la ss

1
57
1
58 I
NDEX

P
age P
age
1[
D
ril
l H ole
s in G
lass 1
3 G
rease R emover 8
2
D
roppe
r 1
12 G
reen Alcohol L ight 102 1
,
1
D
ull Black on Copper 3
0 G
reen Bronze 3
4 L
.
D
ull Brass 3
3 G
reen Bronze D ip 3
3 L
D
urabl
e B lue on Iron 3
2 G
reen C o
loring f or Bras
s 3
2 t
s
G
reen I nk 2
0, 22 i
r
E G
reen Stain 7
5 y
.
E
bony S ta
in 7
8 G
round G lass
, I mitat
ion 1
3 1
,
E
ikonogen D evelope r 5
1 G
rounds for E t
ch ing
E
lec
trical Cem ent 5 G
um
E
lect
rical Conduc ti
v ity o
f Al
loys
E
l
E
ec
le
t
c
t
r
r
ica
ica
l L
l V
abo
arn
ra
ish
tory Hint
s and Exp
erimen
ts
1
30
3
8
-134
8
0
G
un M
G
un
G
ut
eta
-Powd
ta
-Per
l
er
cha C
ompo
sit
ion
13
42
0 2 I
9
6
8 1
,
'
L
E
l ectric B read R a iser 1
31 l
E
le ctric F ilm D e v e
lop er 5
1 R 1
E
le ctric C as L igh t er 1
34 Hand E lec t
rop lating
E
l ectric G lass C ut ter 1
_
6 Hand G renades 6
0 3
7
:
3 L
E
le ctric S oldering I r on 1
36 Hard C emen t 5 L
E
l ectra Z inc P lat ing 6
1 Hard F ib re P o li
sh 2
9 I
E
le ctrum A l
loy 3
8 Hard S olde r 4
6 L
Eme rgenc y B lue P r
in ting 5
4 Harness B lack ing 2
8 L
Eme rgency C ork S crew 1
27 H
ea vy L iqu ids
, D en s
ities 1
51
Ename ls f or J ewe lers 8 H
e ctograph s 1
,
l
English B all Black ing 2
8 Her
on Foun tain 9 1
0
1
13
Engra ving G lass 1
3 H
in ts for P hoto Wo rkers 5
2
E
t ching f o r M etal s 4
4 H
o rticul
tu ral I nk 2
5
E
tch ing o n S teel 4
5 How t o B o re aH ole in H ardened Stee
l 4
5 )
1
E
v erlas ting I nk 2
0 How t o C oun t R ap idly P ap er 5
6 )
1
E
xpe r
imen ters A phor i sms 4 H
ow t o Clean V arious A r
ti c
les 8
2 3
1
Explo s
ion w ithout H eat 1
03 H
ow t o C ut B ra ss 4
5 9
Explo sive G as A ppa ratus 1
14 H
ow t o F ile S oft M etals 4
5 1
E
xp losi ve P ape r 5
8 H
ow t o G et R id o f O bnox ious F umes 8
7 I
L
E
x tract s 4 9 H
ow t o H andle F ire W ithout H arm 7
3 1
,
F H
ow t o Light W ithou t Ma tches
H
ow t o Make a C hem ical G a
rden 07
14
0 1
1'
F
acsim ile R ubb er S tamp 1
0 H
ow t o Make A lloy s 3
9 I
L
F
ah renhe i
t T hermome ter L
1
4
3
H
o
wt
o
M
a
k
F
errous D eve lop er 5
1 How t
o Make a V o
lcano 9
4, 95 1
9
5
F
iery F ounta in 1
03 How t
o Make C oa
l G as 1
11 1'
F
iller f or W ood 8
3 How t
o Make Cas 1
15 I
L
F
inish ing B lack ing 2
7 How t
o Make Ice 1
10 1
F
inish ing P olish 7
6 How t
o Make Paper T ransparent 8
4 1
F
ire-C ra cker 6
8 How t
o S
lake Wa t
er P hosphoresc
ent 9
4 I
t
F
ire-P roofing C lo th 1
02 How t
o Make Wa te
rproof P aper 5
9 1
F
ire-P roofing F ab r
ic 7
1 How t
o Make Your O wn V elox P ape
r 5
4 1
,
F
ire-W ork 6
7 How t
o Mark Tool
s 4
6 L
F
ire-W ork P aper 7
2 How t
o P
repar
e P ure S i
lver 4
5 l
e
F
lash ligh t P owde r i1
7
3
H
o
w
to
P
r
F
lash-Powd er H older 7
4 H
ow t
o P
rev
ent R
usty P
en P
oin
ts 4 ,L
F
lexib le C ord C ove rs l
b
1
2
3
H
o
wt
o
F
lexib le I nsu lating Ma s
s 8 H
ow to Remo ve V arious S tains 8 h
F
luore scen t W riting 2
5 H
ow to Restore D ul
l F iles 4 V
F
luxe s, S old ering 4
1 H
ow to Set O f
f F lash l
igh t P owde
r 6 l
F
ly P ape r 5
9 H
ow to Si
l ve
r B ra ss O bjects 8 h
F
orge f or Ama teur 1
17 H
ow to Solder A lum inum 4 1
F
ortune -T e
ll ing E xpe r
im en
t 1
06 H
ow to Test A rs
en ic i n Wa ll Paper 5
9 I
P
F
oun ta in P enn F illing 1
18 H
ow to Touch Wa ter W i thout Gett
ing W
et 1
03 4
F
oun ta in P en W rink le 2
2 H
ow to Treat S tored B atter
ies 1
26 5
F
reezing M ix tures 1
10, 1
51 H
ow to W e
ld C ast I ron 4
2 h
F
rench B oot B lack ing 2
7 H
ydr
ochinon D eveloper 5
1 m
F
rench P olish 1
7
6
H
y
dr
o
g
e
F
rosting L amp B ulb s 1
9 H
ygrom
ete
r 1
20, 1
29
3
1 h
F
ruit S po ts R emov er 8
2 I
F
ulm ina te s 6
8-71 I 1
F
ulm inat ing P owde r 1
35 3
1
F
urni tur e P olish 7
6 I
gnit ing P aper 5
1 1
F
usib le M eta ls 3
8 I
gnit ion P owder 6
7 M
Imita tion G old A lloy 3
G Imita tion G round G lass 1
3
9 9
1
Imper viou s Wo rk T abl
es 8
3, 84 /
d
1
G
a s-Gen e rat or 9
0, 9
2, 93
G
a soline T o rch 1
17 I
nde lib le I nk 2
0, 25 M
I
ndia I nk 2
5 M
G
e rman B oo t B lack ing 2
7
I
ndi ca to r for D r
ip P an 1
32 l
G
o rman S il ver 3
8
G
e rman S i
lv er A lloy s 3
7 I
nk E rad icator 2
4
I
nk E raser 2
1, 22
G
e rman W e lding P owde r 4
3
I
nk-E ra sing B lotter 2
2
Ghastly I llum ination 1
03
G
ilder's P ick le 3
6 I
nk f o r U se o n G lass 2
I
nk P owde r 2
1 n
N
G
ilding B ra ss 3
2
I
nks 2
0-2 6
2 N
C
la ss 1
3-19
U
sk T hinner 2
G
la ss a nd P orcelain S olde
r 4
0
G
la ss C ement 1
4 I
nnox iou s T oy P aint 8
1
G
la ss C lean ing S olu ti
on 1
6 I
nsu la ting C ompound 8
I
nsu la ting V arni
sh 8
0
G
las s C u tting 1
3, 1
7, 1
8, 19
G
la ss E t ch ing 4
4 I
nte res ting C hemica l E xpe
riment
s 1
01-103-105
I
nvis ib le I nk 21
, 24, 26
G
las swo rk ing 1
3-19 I
ride sc ent B rown f o r Brass 3
2
G
laz ier
's S older 3
9
I
ron C emen t 5
G
lue s 5
-7 I
ron D ev e
loper 5
1
C
o ld B ronz e P owde r 3
3
I
ron S older 3
9, 4 0
G
o ld C olo r ed L acque r 3
5
Cold F ulm ina te 7
1
G
o ld I nk 2
0, 2 2
G
o ld L acqu er f or B ran 3
5 J
apanese Ma
tches 6
5
Gold P la ting 6
5, 66 J
ewel
ers Enamel
s 8
G
o ld R ain 6
7
Gold V arn ish 80
Gong M eta l 3
8 K
ill
ing Flie
s 1
27
Grata Mak e rs B lack 30 K
ipp-Gene
rator 9
3
 I
NDEX 1
59

P
age P
age

L
abo ra tory A ppa ra tu s H ints 9
6 P
a le L acque r f o
r B rass 35
8
7-134 P
a ris ien B ronze D ip 33
L
abo ra tory H in ts a nd E xper
imen
ts
1
01-104 P
a ten t L ea the r P a s
te 27
L
abo ra tory S tun ts
3
5 P
a tina o n B ra ss 32
L
acqu er f o
r T in P late
3
4 P
enc ils f or W r it
ing o n G lass 16
L
acque r, O rmo lu
8
0 P
e rfum ery 4
7-50
L
acque r V arn ish
5 P
e tri fying Wood 83
L
eath er B e
l ting C emen t
27-29, 76 P
ha raoh 's S erpent E ggs 75
L
eathe r P olishe s
2
7 Pho spho r es cent P a int 81
L
eathe r Pre ser va t
i ve
27
, 29 P
ho tog raphy • 5
1-55
L
eathe r Wo rking
L
ights, C o
l ored 6
7 Pho tog raph P rin t
ing 5
3,54
48
, 49 P
iano F in ish ing 84
L
inim ents
L
ining f or P la t
ing T ank 6
2 P
ip e tte 1
14
5 P
la s ter C a sts 1
1
L
iquid G lue
L
iquid J apan f or L eathe r .
- 2
7 P
la te G la ss D ri
lling 18
L
iquid s, B oiling P oint 1
49 P
la ting 6
0-66
L
iquid S hoe B lack ing 2
7 P
la t inum F ulm ina te 7
1
L
ithog raph ic I nk 2
5 P
lumbe r s S older 39
L
itmu s P aper 1
35 P
ocke t L amp 1
16
L
owe ring o f T empe rature 1
51 P
oi son A ntido te s 1
37, 138
L
ubri can ts f or T oo l C utting 1
55 Poison B ottle s 1
30, 135
L
um inou s F ish B a it 1
09 P
o ison B ottle s Warn ing 1
30
L
um inous I n
le
t 22 P
o is on ing R at s 1
32
Luminou s P a
in t 81 Poison P r even ter 132
P
o le I nd icat ors 109
M Pole T es t P aper 5
8
Pole V arn ish 8
0
Mach ine O il 118 P
o li shes 7
6-79
Mag ic F ire F lu id 73 Poli she s f or Wood 8
3
Mag ic I nk 2
4, 2 5 Poli she s, L ea ther 2
7, 2 8
Mag ic P ape r 2
4, 5 9 Poli she s, M eta l 3
6
Mag ic S erpen t s 72 Poli she s, Wood 8
5
Mahogany R esto ring 84 Poli sh f or H ar ness e
s 2
8
Mak ing C ry sta l B asket 100 Polish f or I ron a nd S teel 30
;Mak ing L acquer 35 Pol ish ing P a ste, G la s
s 1
3, 3 3
,Mak ing M irro r s 15 Poli sh ing P owder 33
Ma rine G lue 6 Por c ela in I nk 20
,Mar ine P a int 81 Prac tica l C hem ica l L abo rato
ry D evi
ces 87
;Ma rk ing P oison B o tt
les 1
30, 1 35 Prepa rat ion o f B lue P r
int P aper 56
;M a stic A spha lt 12 Pre se rving D ead A nimals 135
i
;M as t ic V arn ish 80 Prim ing C ap 69
'Ma tch S cra t ch R emo ver 1
02 Proper tie s o f M e tals 1
54
Mea sur es o f C apaci ty 139 Proper U se o f S ulphur ic A cid 98
Mea sur es o f L ength 1
39 Pu sh-But ton 1
31
tM easu res o f V olume 1
39 Py ro D eve lope r 51
Mea su res o f W eigh ts 1
38 Py romo rph ic C arbon 74
,M ea sur ing S poon 1
29 Py ro techny 67-75
Mechan ica l I ns t
rumen ts A l
loy 38
¡ Mechan ica l L abo ra to
ry H ints a
nd E
xpe
rimen
ts 1
17-129
,
1M e chan ics V arn ish 80 Q
uick B
ronz
ing Liquid 3
6
iM e lting L ead i n P aper 1
03 Q
uick D
ip for B
rass 2
4
Me lting S tee l 1
03
1M end ing H ole s i n P ots 5
-
-M end ing M arb le 6
M er cur ic F ulm ina te 69
, 7 0 R
ad io -A ct
i vity i n G as Man t
les 96
ÈM e ta l-C raf t 30-46 R
ed B ronze P owde r 33
)
,M eta ll ic T ree s 1
01 R
ed G old C o
lo ring B rass 32
M eta l P o
l ish 36 R
ed I nk 2
0, 25
IM eta l s, P roper ties o f 1
54 R
ed L acque r f or B rass 35
'M eta ls , S pec ific G ravitie
s 1
54 R
emo ving G las s S toppe rs 1
6
'M eta l V arn ish 8
0 R
emo ving H ard R ubbe r S cratches 1
1
tM eta l W riting I nk 24 R
emov ing O il S ta ins f r
om L eather 2
8
M et ric S ystem 1
38 R
emo ving P aint 135
Mi ldew R emov er 8
2 R
emo ving R ust S pot s 4
4
Min ia tu re S ock et 1
26 R
emo ving S ta ins 7
8
Mir r or s 1
5 R
enewab le F use 131
'M ix ing o f P aints 8
0 R
epa iring T es t
-Tube s 1
5
Moi stu re I nd ica tor 1
20, 1 21 R
e stor ing R ubb er 135
'M ois tu re R e sis t
ing C ement 5 R
es to ring S habby L eather 2
8
IMo is tu r e R e sis t
ing G lue 6 R
e sto ring S oiled H arness 2
8
'Mo to rs, C u rren t R equired 155 R
e vol ver B arr e
l B lu ing 3
1
eMou ld ing C ompo sition 8 1 1 R
ocke ts 6
7
Mys te rious F ire 108 R
oman G old P lating 6
5
My st eriou s S moke T r
ick 108 R
o sewood C olor 135
R
o sewood S tain 7
8
0 R
ubbe r S tamp 1
0
Rub -Ou t I nk 2
3
N
eedle Dr
ills Rule s R ela tive t o t he Circle 153
1
25
N
ight Lamp Russ et S hoe D ressing 2
7
1
30
N
o-Glare H ead
light
s Rus s
ian Wat erp roo f B lacking 2
7
1
35
Rus t P rote ctor 4
6
o Rus t R emo ve r 8
2
Rus t S pot C lean ing 4
3, 44
O
i
l f o
r H arnesses 2
8 S
0
11 Ma rks on Wa ll Pape
r 8
2
O
i
l V arnish 8
0 S
alves 4
8
O
liv
e B ronze D ip 3
4 S
chool I nk 2
0
O
liv
e G reen B ronze 3
4 S
cIntelle ttes 7
5
O
range G old C o
lo r o
n Bras
s 3
3 S
crew H int s 1
25, 1
28
O
rgan P ipe M etal 3
8 S
ealing Wax 10
O
rmolu L acquer 3
4 S
elf-Sh in ing ' B
lack
ing 27
O
xidiz
ing S i
lver 3
1 S
habby L eather Resto
rer 28
S
hak ing L iniment
s 49
S
hap ing B nishes f
or C ommu
tato
rs 1
32
S
hoe B lack ing 27
P
aints 8
0-82 S
hop K ink s 46
P
aint Spo
ts R
emov
er 8
2 S
ilica F illing C ement 7
1
60 I
NDEX

p
age P
age

S
ilve r E tch ing 4
4 T
in Pla t
ing 65
S
il ver F ulm inat e 70 T
in S o
lde r 39
S
ilve ring a P iece o f C har coal 1
03 T
intypes D e
velope
r 52
S
i
l ve r I nk 2
1, 22 T
ool L ub r
icants 1
55
S
i
l ve r P la ting B rass 6
1 To
ol V arnish 8
i
S
ilv er P la ting F lu id 6
0, 65 T
oy P aint 8
S
i
lv er P la ting C la ss 6
1 T
ransferring P r
ints 5
'
S
ilv er P la ting P enn ies 6
0 T
ranspa rent for Tool
s 4
S
i
l ve r P la ting P owde r 6
5 T
rick P aper 5
S
i
l ve r P la ting S o lution 6
0 1
2:
S
i
l ve r P lat ing S t eel 6
1 T
rou
iblei Lamp 1
10
S
i
lv er P la tin g w i thout B attery 4
8 T
roy W e
ight 1
41
'
S
i
l v er P olish 3
6 T
urpentine V a
rni
sh S
t
S
i
lve r R ain 6
7 T
ypew r
iting Ink 2
1
S
ilv er Wa sh 4
6
S
ilve r Wh ite B ron zing P owde r 3
3 U
Sma lle st S c rew 1
20
S
oaps 4
7-50 U
nited S tates G ov
e rnm en
t G um G
S
olde r f o
r G las s a nd P orcelain 4
0 U
niversa
l I nk 2
S
olde r
ing F lu id 4
0 U
seful C hem ical Hint s 9
S
olde ring F luxe s 4
1 U
seful L aboratory I nformat
ion 9
S
olde ring G la ss . 1
4 U
seful R ules 1
5
.
S
old ering I ron 1
17, 133 U
ti
l i
zing S ma l
l S pace 1
2
S
olde ring S olut ion 3
9
S
olde r
ing W rink le s 4
1 V
S
olde r s 4
0, 41
S
olid ified A lcoho l 1
10 V
acuum -Fil
te r 8
7
S
olub ili ty o f G as 1
13 V
arnishes 8
0
S
p ecific G rav it ies o f M etal s 1
54 V
arnish for L ea
ther 2
t
S
p elte r S olde r 3
9 V
anishing I nk 2
0, 2
'
S
pi rit L amp s 1
16, 118 V
aseline H arness C
ompo
sit
ion 2
0
S
pon tan eous F ire 7
4 V
iol
et I nk 2
'
S
poon M elt ing I n H o
t Wat er 1
02
S
pr ing H olde r 1
23
S
ta in R emo ving 78 Walnu t S ta in
S
ta ins 7
6-79 Warts C u re 4
!
S
ta ins R emo ver 82 Water a nd W in e T r
ick s 1
06, 1
07, 10O
S
tamp ing I nk 20 Water-Pen 2
S
te el B lue 32 Waterp roo f B la cking 2
7.
S
te el E tch ing 45 Waterp roo f C emen t 5
, 7
S
te el G rey B ronz ing o n B ras s 36 Waterp roo f C ompound 1,
S
tenc il P a in t 8
1 Waterp ro of H arne ss P aste 2
'
S
tenc il-P la te I nk 25 Waterp roo f O il B lack ing 2
:
S
ten cils f or C hem is t
ry S tud ents 8 Waterp roo f P oli sh 7
'
S
tone C emen t 5 Waterp ro of V a rn i
sh 8,
S
t orm G la ss 90 Water V apo r P ressure 1
5,
S
t ove B lack ing 30 Wax f or M etal P atterns 1
3
S
t ove P olish 78 Wax f or S ealing B ot tles il
S
ub stitu te f or G o
ld 39 Weighing B alanc e 5
1
S
ub stitu te f or Wax C ompound s 8 Weights 1
21, 12"
S
u lphur ic A cid , P rope r U se o f 98 Weight s and M easure s 1
3:-
S
un -P r oo f W indow G lass 13 Welding 4
2, 4.
S
ympa the t
ic I nk 2
2, 2
3, 2
4, 102 Welding C a s
t S teel 4
1
,
S
yn the tic R ub ies 1
29 We
ld ing F lux V
.
Welding P owde r 4
2
T Whe el G la s s C utter 1
7
Wh i
te I nk 21
T
able f or Conver ting O unc es and D
ram
s 1
42 Wh i
t e M eta l P lating 6
2
T
able o f Alloys 3
7 Wine a nd Wa te r T r
icks 1
06, 1
07, 108
T
able o f Atom ic W eigh ts 1
47 Wire A ppara tus 1
22
T
able o f Chem ica l E lemen ts 1
48 Wire G auge 1
44
T
able o f Colored S olu tions 1
52 Wire H old e r 1
23
T
able o f De c
ima l E qu ivalents 1
45 Wood C emen t 5
T
able o f Densities 1
51 Wood -C ra ft 8
3-86
T
able o f Distanc es 1
40 Wood P olish 7
6, 77
T
able o f Percent S olu tions 1
41 Wood sc rew H int 1
25
T
able o f Pressure s 1
50 Wood S ta ins 7
2
T
able o f Solub il
i ties 1
45 Wrink les f or E xperim ent
ers 99
T
an S hoe D ressing 27 Writing F luid 2
2
T
est-Clip 1
26 Writing I nk 2
0-26
T
esting B aking P owde r 1
15 Writing o n G la s
s 16
T
berm it E xpe r
im ent 74 Z
T
hermome ter S cale s 1
22, 1
43
T
hief C at
che r
, E lectric 1
30 Z
incog
raph le E
tch
ing 4
5
T
icketing I nk 25 Z
inc Solde
r 3
9

V
i 44