A.
VOCABULARY
1. Upward trend
Verb Noun Example
(1)_____________________ A rise The number of online shoppers
To increase An increase (4)_____________________
To grow (2)_____________________ during the holiday season.
(3)_____________________ A climb From May to October, there was
An upward trend a rise in sales.
2. Downward trend
Verb Noun Example
To decrease A decrease The number of students enrolling
(5)_____________________ A fall in the university decreased from
To decline (6)_____________________ 10,000 in 2016 to 8,000 in
(7)_____________________ A drop 2020.
(8)_____________________ In 2002, the US witnessed a
To reduce
(9)_____________________ in
its population proportion.
3. No change
Verb Example
To remain stable/unchanged The amount of fish eaten remained unchanged at
(10)_____________________ 50 grams throughout the period.
4. Constant change
Verb Noun
To fluctuate (11)_____________________
5. Position
Verb Example
Start at The consumption of low fats started at 10 grams in
1996.
To peak at/(12)_____________________ The house sales peaked at 2,000 in 2012.
(13)_____________________ (chạm đáy)
USEFUL ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS TO DESCRIBE CHANGES
6. Degree
Adjective Adverb Example
Very extensive change dramatic (14)________________ From May to October,
there was a dramatic
rise in sales.
Extensive change (15)________________ (16)________________ The number of online
remarkable remarkably shoppers increased
significant significantly significantly during the
holiday season.
Average change moderate moderately The number of students
enrolling in the
university decreased
(17)________________
from 10,000 in 2016 to
8,000 in 2020.
Small change slight slightly In 2002, the US
minimal minimally witnessed a
(18)________________
decline in its population
proportion.
7. Speed
Verb Noun Meaning (in Vietnamese)
slow slowly (19)_______________________
gradual gradually (20)_______________________
steady steadily (21)_______________________
rapid rapidly
(22)_______________________
HOW TO USE PREPOSITIONS AND DESCRIBE THE PASSING OF TIME?
8. Preposition (from… to…, at, by, of, around)
There was an increase (23)________________ 2000 in the number of students after 2 years. (tăng
thêm)
The unemployment rate of Vietnam fluctuated (24)________________ 10% from 2007 to 2010.
The number of students increased (25)________________ 2000 after 2 years. (tăng thêm)
The number of students enrolling in the university decreased (26)________________ 10,000 in 2016
(26)________________ 8,000 in 2020.
The house sales peaked (27)________________ 2,000 in 2012.
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9. Time expression (over/throughout the period, from… to…/between… and…, in the first year/at the
beginning of the period, in the last year/at the end of the period)
Overall, car ownership in Britain increased (28)________________ 1971 (28)________________ 2007.
The consumption of butter decreased (29)________________. (trong suốt thời kỳ)
The amount of butter used peaked at 180 grams in 1986 before falling dramatically to about 50 grams
(30)________________. (vào năm cuối cùng/vào cuối thời kỳ)
10. Estimate
approximately/(31)________________/about This figure fell slightly to approximately 70 grams
just (32)________________/under in 2007.
well above
B. 03 USEFUL SENTENCE STRUCTURES FOR A GRAPH REPORT
Cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng 01: S (X) + V + number/% + time. (X là chủ thể của biểu đồ)
Cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng 02: There + be + noun + in + X + number/% + time. (X là chủ thể của biểu đồ)
Cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng 03: S (X) + saw/experienced + noun + number/% + time. (X là chủ thể của biểu
đồ)
Viết 01 câu văn (sử dụng cấu trúc 01) để mô tả xu hướng của đường màu hồng (females) (giai đoạn 1992-
1995) trong biểu đồ đường trên.
(33)__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Viết 01 câu văn (sử dụng cấu trúc 02) để mô tả xu hướng của đường màu xanh (males) (giai đoạn 1995-
1998) trong biểu đồ đường trên.
2
(34)__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Viết 01 câu văn (Sử dụng cấu trúc 01) để mô tả số liệu năm 2001 trong biểu đồ đường trên.
(35)__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Viết 01 câu văn để mô tả xu hướng giai đoạn 2001-2002 & 2002-2004 trong biểu đồ đường trên. (Sử dụng
cấu trúc 03 cho giai đoạn 2001-2002 + before + cấu trúc 01 cho giai đoạn 2002-2004)
(36)__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY
(1) (to) rise (2) (a) growth (3) (to) climb (4) mọi động từ miêu tả xu hướng tăng
(5) (to) fall (6) (a) decline (7) (to) drop (8) (a) reduction
(10) (to) level off
(11) (a) fluctuation
(12) reach a peak of (13) hit a low of
(14) dramatically (15) considerable (16) considerably (17) moderately (18) slight/minimal
(19) chậm (20) dần dần/từ từ (21) đều đặn (22) nhanh
(23) of (24) around (25) by (26) from… to… (27) at
(28) from… to…/between… and… (29) over/throughout the period (30) in the last year/at the end of the
period
(31) roughly (32) below
(33) The number of female graduates increased slightly from just under 100,000 to approximately
105,000 between 1992 and 1995.
(34) There was a moderate decrease in the number of male graduates from about 78,000 in 1995 to well
above 70,000 in 1998.
(35) The number of train passengers/the number of passengers traveling by train peaked at/reached a
peak of 300 million in 2001.
(36) The number of train passengers/the number of passengers traveling by train saw/experienced a
remarkable decline from 300 in 2001 to 280 million in 2002 before it remained almost unchanged at the
end of the period.
